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<span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Mar+Caspio" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a 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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descrizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Descrizione</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Descrizione</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tra_Europa_ed_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tra_Europa_ed_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tra Europa ed Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tra_Europa_ed_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lago_o_mare?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lago_o_mare?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lago o mare?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lago_o_mare?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Origine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fluttuazioni_recenti_del_mar_Caspio_e_del_Garabogazköl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fluttuazioni_recenti_del_mar_Caspio_e_del_Garabogazköl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Fluttuazioni recenti del mar Caspio e del Garabogazköl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fluttuazioni_recenti_del_mar_Caspio_e_del_Garabogazköl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspetti_ambientali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspetti_ambientali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aspetti ambientali</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aspetti_ambientali-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Aspetti ambientali</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aspetti_ambientali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fauna_ittica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna_ittica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fauna ittica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna_ittica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isole" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isole"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Isole</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isole-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insediamenti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insediamenti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Insediamenti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insediamenti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mar Caspio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 190 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-190" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">190 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspiese_See" title="Kaspiese See - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kaspiese See" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspisches_Meer" title="Kaspisches Meer - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kaspisches Meer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Каспий талай - altai meridionale" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Каспий талай" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altai meridionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%92%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%A3%E1%88%95%E1%88%AD" title="ካስፒያን ባሕር - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካስፒያን ባሕር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspia" title="Mar Caspia - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mar Caspia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspia" title="Caspia - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Caspia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okwaan%CC%84_Kasipian" title="Okwaan̄ Kasipian - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Okwaan̄ Kasipian" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بحر قزوين - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بحر قزوين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܝܡܐ ܕܐܝܒܪܝܐ - aramaico" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܡܐ ܕܐܝܒܪܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بحر قزوين - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بحر قزوين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0" title="কাস্পিয়ান সাগৰ - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাস্পিয়ান সাগৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspiu" title="Mar Caspiu - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar Caspiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Каспий ралъад - avaro" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Каспий ралъад" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="कैस्पियन सागर - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कैस्पियन सागर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99z%C9%99r_d%C9%99nizi" title="Xəzər dənizi - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xəzər dənizi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="خزر دنیزی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خزر دنیزی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%B5" title="Каспий диңгеҙе - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Каспий диңгеҙе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segara_Kaspia" title="Segara Kaspia - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Segara Kaspia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspisches_Meea" title="Kaspisches Meea - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kaspisches Meea" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasp%C4%97j%C4%97s_j%C5%ABra" title="Kaspėjės jūra - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kaspėjės jūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Kaspyo" title="Dagat Kaspyo - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dagat Kaspyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Каспійскае мора - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каспійскае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Касьпійскае мора - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Касьпійскае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laot_Kaspi" title="Laot Kaspi - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Laot Kaspi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Каспийско море - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каспийско море" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="कैस्पियन सागर - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कैस्पियन सागर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="কাস্পিয়ান সাগর - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাস্পিয়ান সাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Kaspia" title="Mor Kaspia - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mor Kaspia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspijsko_jezero" title="Kaspijsko jezero - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kaspijsko jezero" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Каспиин тэнгис - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Каспиин тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_C%C3%A0spia" title="Mar Càspia - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mar Càspia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%85%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Каспий-хӀорд - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Каспий-хӀорд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dary%C4%81-ye_Khezer_(dagat_sa_Iran)" title="Daryā-ye Khezer (dagat sa Iran) - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Daryā-ye Khezer (dagat sa Iran)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دەریای قەزوین - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەریای قەزوین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Caspiu" title="Mari Caspiu - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mari Caspiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazar_de%C3%B1izi" title="Hazar deñizi - turco crimeo" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Hazar deñizi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turco crimeo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspick%C3%A9_mo%C5%99e" title="Kaspické moře - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaspické moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspijscz%C3%A9_M%C3%B2rz%C3%A9" title="Kaspijsczé Mòrzé - kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kaspijsczé Mòrzé" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81%C4%95" title="Каспи тинĕсĕ - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Каспи тинĕсĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Caspia" title="Môr Caspia - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Môr Caspia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspiske_Hav" title="Kaspiske Hav - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaspiske Hav" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspisches_Meer" title="Kaspisches Meer - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaspisches Meer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryay%C3%AA_Xezeri" title="Deryayê Xezeri - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Deryayê Xezeri" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspiske_m%C3%B3rjo" title="Kaspiske mórjo - basso sorabo" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kaspiske mórjo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="basso sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Κασπία Θάλασσα - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κασπία Θάλασσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caspian Sea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspio" title="Kaspio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaspio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspio" title="Mar Caspio - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar Caspio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspia_meri" title="Kaspia meri - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaspia meri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspiar_itsasoa" title="Kaspiar itsasoa - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaspiar itsasoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Caspiu" title="Mari Caspiu - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mari Caspiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="دریای خزر - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای خزر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspianmeri" title="Kaspianmeri - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaspianmeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspiska_havi%C3%B0" title="Kaspiska havið - faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kaspiska havið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_Caspienne" title="Mer Caspienne - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mer Caspienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspisk_Sia" title="Kaspisk Sia - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaspisk Sia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspyske_See" title="Kaspyske See - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kaspyske See" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muir_Chaisp" title="Muir Chaisp - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Muir Chaisp" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%A1%E6%B5%B7" title="裡海 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="裡海" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanm%C3%A8_Kaspyenn" title="Lanmè Kaspyenn - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanmè Kaspyenn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muir_Caspach" title="Muir Caspach - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Muir Caspach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspio" title="Mar Caspio - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar Caspio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A6%D9%86_%D9%9A_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کاسپئن ٚ دریا - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کاسپئن ٚ دریا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_K%C3%A1spio" title="Para Káspio - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Para Káspio" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="કેસ્પિયન સમુદ્ર - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કેસ્પિયન સમુદ્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vooir_Chaspagh" title="Yn Vooir Chaspagh - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vooir Chaspagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekun_Caspian" title="Tekun Caspian - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tekun Caspian" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AE-h%C3%B3i" title="Lî-hói - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lî-hói" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99" title="הים הכספי - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הים הכספי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="कैस्पियन सागर - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैस्पियन सागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Caspian Sea" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspijsko_jezero" title="Kaspijsko jezero - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kaspijsko jezero" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspiske_morjo" title="Kaspiske morjo - alto sorabo" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kaspiske morjo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaszpi-tenger" title="Kaszpi-tenger - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kaszpi-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%AB%D6%81_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Կասպից ծով - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կասպից ծով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspie" title="Mar Caspie - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mar Caspie" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Kaspia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_Kaspio" title="Baybay Kaspio - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baybay Kaspio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Къаспий форд - ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Къаспий форд" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspia" title="Kaspia - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kaspia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasp%C3%ADahaf" title="Kaspíahaf - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kaspíahaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E6%B5%B7" title="カスピ海 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カスピ海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiaspian_Sii" title="Kiaspian Sii - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiaspian Sii" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Laut Kaspia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="კასპიის ზღვა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კასპიის ზღვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspiy_te%C5%84izi" title="Kaspiy teńizi - kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kaspiy teńizi" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81" title="Хы Къарс - cabardino" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хы Къарс" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="cabardino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasp%C9%A9y%C9%9Bnii_te%C5%8Bgu" title="Kaspɩyɛnii teŋgu - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kaspɩyɛnii teŋgu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawok_Kaspia" title="Lawok Kaspia - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Lawok Kaspia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Каспий теңізі - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Каспий теңізі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="សមុទ្រកាសព្យែន - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សមុទ្រកាសព្យែន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಕ್ಯಾಸ್ಪಿಯನ್‌ ಸಮುದ್ರ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾಸ್ಪಿಯನ್‌ ಸಮುದ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%ED%95%B4" title="카스피해 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카스피해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryaya_Qezw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Deryaya Qezwînê - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Deryaya Qezwînê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Kaspi" title="Mor Kaspi - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mor Kaspi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Каспий деңизи - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Каспий деңизи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspium_mare" title="Caspium mare - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caspium mare" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspescht_Mier" title="Kaspescht Mier - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kaspescht Mier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Каспий хьхьири - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Каспий хьхьири" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BB" title="Каспи гьуьл - lesgo" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Каспи гьуьл" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspio" title="Mar Caspio - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mar Caspio" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspische_Zie%C3%AB" title="Kaspische Zieë - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kaspische Zieë" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_Caspich" title="Mer Caspich - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mer Caspich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspi" title="Mar Caspi - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mar Caspi" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomb%C3%BA_Kaspi" title="Lombú Kaspi - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lombú Kaspi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%8D" title="ທະເລ ແຄສເປຍ - lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທະເລ ແຄສເປຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspijos_j%C5%ABra" title="Kaspijos jūra - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaspijos jūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspijas_j%C5%ABra" title="Kaspijas jūra - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaspijas jūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="क्यासपियन सागर - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="क्यासपियन सागर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Laut Kaspia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Каспиянь иневедсь - moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Каспиянь иневедсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranomasina_Kaspiana" title="Ranomasina Kaspiana - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ranomasina Kaspiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Каспий теҥыз - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Каспий теҥыз" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauik_Kaspia" title="Lauik Kaspia - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lauik Kaspia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%95%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Касписко Езеро - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Касписко Езеро" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="കാസ്പിയൻ കടൽ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാസ്പിയൻ കടൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Каспийн тэнгис - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Каспийн тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="कॅस्पियन समुद्र - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅस्पियन समुद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Kaspia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_C%C3%A1spio" title="Mar Cáspio - mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mar Cáspio" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ကက်စပီယံပင်လယ် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကက်စပီယံပင်လယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Каспиянь иневедь - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Каспиянь иневедь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مازرون دریا - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مازرون دریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspische_See" title="Kaspische See - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kaspische See" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspische_Zee" title="Kaspische Zee - basso tedesco olandese" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kaspische Zee" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="कश्यप सागर - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कश्यप सागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="क्यास्पियन सागर - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्यास्पियन सागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspische_Zee" title="Kaspische Zee - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaspische Zee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspihavet" title="Kaspihavet - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kaspihavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_kaspiske_hav" title="Det kaspiske hav - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det kaspiske hav" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspiana" title="Mar Caspiana - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mar Caspiana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspienmeri" title="Kaspienmeri - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kaspienmeri" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%B0" title="କାସ୍ପିଆନ ସାଗର - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାସ୍ପିଆନ ସାଗର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Къаспы денджыз - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Къаспы денджыз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੈਸਪੀਅਨ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਸਪੀਅਨ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_K%C3%A1spiko" title="Laman Káspiko - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Laman Káspiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morze_Kaspijskie" title="Morze Kaspijskie - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morze Kaspijskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspi" title="Mar Caspi - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mar Caspi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="کیسپیئن سمندر - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیسپیئن سمندر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="د کسپین سمندر - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د کسپین سمندر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_C%C3%A1spio" title="Mar Cáspio - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar Cáspio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspi_hatun_qucha" title="Kaspi hatun qucha - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kaspi hatun qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspica" title="Mar Caspica - romancio" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Mar Caspica" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romancio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marea_Caspic%C4%83" title="Marea Caspică - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marea Caspică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarea_Caspic%C3%A2" title="Amarea Caspicâ - arumeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Amarea Caspicâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspie" title="Mar Caspie - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mar Caspie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Каспийское море - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каспийское море" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Каспіцьке море - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Каспіцьке море" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%95%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Каспий байҕала - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Каспий байҕала" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_C%C3%A0spiu" title="Mare Càspiu - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mare Càspiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspiu" title="Mar Caspiu - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mar Caspiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A6%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%DA%8A" title="ڪيسپئن سمنڊ - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيسپئن سمنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspijsko_more" title="Kaspijsko more - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kaspijsko more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF" title="කැස්පියන් මුහුද - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැස්පියන් මුහුද" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caspian Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspick%C3%A9_more" title="Kaspické more - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kaspické more" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspijsko_jezero" title="Kaspijsko jezero - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kaspijsko jezero" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhahari_re_Kaspiya" title="Bhahari re Kaspiya - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhahari re Kaspiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bada_Qaswiin" title="Bada Qaswiin - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bada Qaswiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liqeni_Kaspik" title="Liqeni Kaspik - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Liqeni Kaspik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Каспијско језеро - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Каспијско језеро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspiske_See" title="Kaspiske See - saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kaspiske See" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Laut Kaspia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspiska_havet" title="Kaspiska havet - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaspiska havet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Kaspi" title="Bahari ya Kaspi - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Kaspi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspijske_Morze" title="Kaspijske Morze - slesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kaspijske Morze" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="காசுப்பியன் கடல் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காசுப்பியன் கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="కాస్పియన్ సముద్రం - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాస్పియన్ సముద్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Баҳри Хазар - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баҳри Хазар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ทะเลแคสเปียน - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลแคสเปียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazar_de%C5%88zi" title="Hazar deňzi - turcomanno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hazar deňzi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Kaspiyo" title="Dagat Kaspiyo - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dagat Kaspiyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspi_dyjo" title="Kaspi dyjo - taliscio" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kaspi dyjo" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="taliscio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazar_Denizi" title="Hazar Denizi - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hazar Denizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Каспий диңгезе - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Каспий диңгезе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Каспійське море - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каспійське море" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بحیرہ قزوین - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ قزوین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspiy_dengizi" title="Kaspiy dengizi - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kaspiy dengizi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Caspio" title="Mar Caspio - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mar Caspio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspijan_meri" title="Kaspijan meri - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kaspijan meri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_Caspi" title="Biển Caspi - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biển Caspi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspische_Z%C3%AAe" title="Kaspische Zêe - fiammingo occidentale" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kaspische Zêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="fiammingo occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Caspio" title="Dagat Caspio - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dagat Caspio" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%B5%B7" title="里海 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="里海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="კასპიაშ ზუღა - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კასპიაშ ზუღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קאספישער ים - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאספישער ים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspische_Ze%C3%AA" title="Kaspische Zeê - zelandese" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kaspische Zeê" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%8F%E6%B5%B7" title="裏海 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="裏海" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspi_H%C3%A1i" title="Caspi Hái - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Caspi Hái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%8F%E6%B5%B7" title="裏海 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="裏海" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5484#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mar_Caspio" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Mar_Caspio" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mar_Caspio"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mar_Caspio"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Mar_Caspio" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Mar_Caspio" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&oldid=142303407" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Mar_Caspio&id=142303407&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMar_Caspio"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMar_Caspio"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Mar+Caspio"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mar_Caspio&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Caspium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mar_Caspio" hreflang="it"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5484" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div style="font-size: small"><span class="noprint" id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_geografiche" title="Coordinate geografiche">Coordinate</a>: <a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Speciale:Map/10/42/50.5/it" data-zoom="10" data-lat="42" data-lon="50.5" data-overlays="["_9370966055d9d2a76a63bff226fa7a27dab1a889"]">42°00′N 50°30′E</a><span class="geo" style="display:none"><span class="latitude">42°00′N</span>, <span class="longitude">50°30′E</span></span></span></div></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:blue; color:white;">Mar Caspio</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg/236px-Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg/353px-Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg/471px-Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="5600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Il mar Caspio visto dal satellite</td></tr><tr><th>Stati</th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azerbaigian (bandiera)"><img alt="Azerbaigian (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaigian</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iran (bandiera)"><img alt="Iran (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazakistan (bandiera)"><img alt="Kazakistan (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan">Kazakistan</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkmenistan (bandiera)"><img alt="Turkmenistan (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_geografiche" title="Coordinate geografiche">Coordinate</a></th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139486644">body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output #coordinates{font-size:85%;line-height:1.5em;white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Speciale:Map/10/42/50.5/it" data-zoom="10" data-lat="42" data-lon="50.5" data-overlays="["_9370966055d9d2a76a63bff226fa7a27dab1a889"]">42°00′N 50°30′E</a><span class="geo" style="display:none"><span class="latitude">42°00′N</span>, <span class="longitude">50°30′E</span></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Altitudine" title="Altitudine">Altitudine</a></th><td>−28 <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a> <a href="/wiki/Livello_del_mare" title="Livello del mare">s.l.m.</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:blue; color:white;">Dimensioni</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Superficie</a></th><td>371 000 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro_quadrato" title="Chilometro quadrato">km²</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Lunghezza</th><td>1 200 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro" title="Chilometro">km</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Larghezza</th><td>435 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro" title="Chilometro">km</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Profondità massima</th><td>1 025 <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">Volume</a></th><td>78 200 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro_cubo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilometro cubo">km³</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Sviluppo costiero</th><td>7 000 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro" title="Chilometro">km</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:blue; color:white;">Idrografia</th></tr><tr><th>Origine</th><td><a href="/wiki/Paratetide" title="Paratetide">Mar Paratetide</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Bacino_idrografico" title="Bacino idrografico">Bacino idrografico</a></th><td>3 626 000 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro_quadrato" title="Chilometro quadrato">km²</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Immissari principali</th><td><a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ural" title="Ural">Ural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kura_(fiume)" title="Kura (fiume)">Kura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terek_(fiume)" title="Terek (fiume)">Terek</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Salinit%C3%A0" title="Salinità">Salinità</a></th><td>13,85‰ </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div class="center"><div style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mappa di localizzazione: Asia"><img alt="Mappa di localizzazione: Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/260px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/390px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/520px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;top:39.134%;left:21.379%;height:0;width:0;margin:0;padding:0"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:-4px;top:-4px;width:8px;font-size:8px;line-height:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=42&mlon=50.5&zoom=5" title="Mar Caspio" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Mar Caspio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;left:5px;text-align:left"><span style="padding:1px;float:left">Mar Caspio</span></div></div></div></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Caspienne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Caspienne.jpg/260px-Caspienne.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Caspienne.jpg/390px-Caspienne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Caspienne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5484" class="extiw" title="d:Q5484"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Mar Caspio su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Massa_d%27acqua/man" title="Template:Massa d'acqua/man"><span title="Manuale del template Massa d'acqua">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <b>mar Caspio</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_azera" title="Lingua azera">azero</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="az"><i>Xəzər dənizi</i></span>; in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">persiano</a> <small>دریای خزر</small>, <i>daryā-ye xazar</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_kazaka" title="Lingua kazaka">kazako</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="kk">Каспий теңізі</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>Kaspij Tengizi</i>; in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="ru">Каспийское море</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>Kaspijskoe more</i>; in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_turkmena" title="Lingua turkmena">turkmeno</a> <i>Hazar deňzi</i>), anticamente <b>mare Ircano</b>, è il più grande lago della Terra, talvolta definito anche come <i>mare chiuso</i> per le dimensioni.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani,_lemma_Mar_Caspio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani,_lemma_Mar_Caspio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> È situato tra l'<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>; in particolare, la sponda europea è quella nord-occidentale, tra la foce del fiume <a href="/wiki/Ural" title="Ural">Ural</a> e quella del fiume <a href="/wiki/Kuma_(tributario_del_Mar_Caspio)" title="Kuma (tributario del Mar Caspio)">Kuma</a>. </p><p>Geograficamente è un <a href="/wiki/Lago_salato" title="Lago salato">lago salato</a>, per quanto simile per vastità e salinità ad un <a href="/wiki/Mare#Mari_dipendenti" title="Mare">mare interno</a>, come testimonia il suo nome. È un <a href="/wiki/Bacino_endoreico" title="Bacino endoreico">bacino endoreico</a> e si trova in fondo alla <a href="/wiki/Depressione_caspica" title="Depressione caspica">depressione caspica</a>: il livello delle sue acque è 28 metri sotto il <a href="/wiki/Livello_del_mare" title="Livello del mare">livello del mare</a>. Si trova a est del <a href="/wiki/Caucaso" title="Caucaso">Caucaso</a>, a ovest dell'ampia <a href="/wiki/Steppa" title="Steppa">steppa</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Asia_centrale" title="Asia centrale">Asia centrale</a>, a sud delle fertili pianure della Russia meridionale nell'<a href="/wiki/Europa_orientale" title="Europa orientale">Europa orientale</a> e a nord dell'<a href="/wiki/Altopiano_iranico" title="Altopiano iranico">altopiano iranico</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Asia_occidentale" title="Asia occidentale">Asia occidentale</a>. </p><p>È lungo 1 200 km, con una larghezza media di 310 km, una superficie di 371 000 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro_quadrato" title="Chilometro quadrato">km²</a>, un volume di 78 200 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro_cubo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilometro cubo">km³</a> ed una <a href="/wiki/Profondit%C3%A0_(liquidi)" title="Profondità (liquidi)">profondità</a> massima di 1 025 metri nella parte meridionale (a nord la profondità non supera i 6 metri). Tre sono i fiumi maggiori che sfociano nel mar Caspio: <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ural" title="Ural">Ural</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kura_(fiume)" title="Kura (fiume)">Kura</a>. Dal Caspio è possibile navigare fino al <a href="/wiki/Mar_Bianco" title="Mar Bianco">Mar Bianco</a> (nell'<a href="/wiki/Artide" title="Artide">Artico</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mar_Baltico" title="Mar Baltico">Mar Baltico</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>) e <a href="/wiki/Mar_Nero" title="Mar Nero">Mar Nero</a>, utilizzando fiumi e canali congiunti a bacini e laghi, tra cui il <a href="/wiki/Lago_Onega" title="Lago Onega">lago Onega</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Lago_Ladoga" title="Lago Ladoga">lago Ladoga</a> ed il <a href="/wiki/Lago_Vygozero" title="Lago Vygozero">lago Vygozero</a>, attraversando il <a href="/wiki/Canale_Mar_Bianco-Mar_Baltico" title="Canale Mar Bianco-Mar Baltico">canale Mar Bianco-Mar Baltico</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Canale_Volga-Baltico" title="Canale Volga-Baltico">canale Volga-Baltico</a>. Confina con il <a href="/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan">Kazakistan</a> a nord-est, con la <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> a nord-ovest, con l'<a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaigian</a> a sud-ovest, con l'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> a sud e con il <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> a sud-est. </p><p>Essendo un lago, in quanto completamente circondato da terre emerse, il Caspio non è stato incluso nella <a href="/wiki/Convenzione_delle_Nazioni_Unite_sul_diritto_del_mare" title="Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sul diritto del mare">Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sul diritto del mare</a>, tenutosi a <a href="/wiki/Montego_Bay" title="Montego Bay">Montego Bay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Giamaica" title="Giamaica">Giamaica</a>) nel 1982. Durante il vertice internazionale sul Mar Caspio, tenutosi nel 2018 ad <a href="/wiki/Aktau" title="Aktau">Aktau</a>, il Caspio non venne definito né come mare, né come lago, ma si condivisero delle regole per lo sfruttamento delle sue risorse<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anticamente era detto "mare Ircano". Nell'area del mar Caspio si svilupparono diverse comunità dedite all'agricoltura e alla caccia fin dal <a href="/wiki/IX_secolo_a.C." title="IX secolo a.C.">IX secolo a.C.</a>. Ma si hanno informazioni solo su quelle che popolavano il territorio corrispondente agli odierni <a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaigian</a> e <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Dell'intera area non era mai stato definito un confine preciso che corrispondesse a mare o lago. Con le conquiste macedoni del <a href="/wiki/III_secolo_a.C." title="III secolo a.C.">III secolo a.C.</a> il generale <a href="/wiki/Patrocle" title="Patrocle">Patrocle</a> giunse alla conclusione che fosse un <a href="/wiki/Golfo" title="Golfo">golfo</a> o una <a href="/wiki/Insenatura" title="Insenatura">insenatura</a> e che fosse quindi possibile arrivarci via mare passando dall'<a href="/wiki/Oceano_Indiano" title="Oceano Indiano">Oceano Indiano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS056-E-13641_-_View_of_Azerbaijan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/ISS056-E-13641_-_View_of_Azerbaijan.jpg/240px-ISS056-E-13641_-_View_of_Azerbaijan.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/ISS056-E-13641_-_View_of_Azerbaijan.jpg/360px-ISS056-E-13641_-_View_of_Azerbaijan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/ISS056-E-13641_-_View_of_Azerbaijan.jpg/480px-ISS056-E-13641_-_View_of_Azerbaijan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>Il mar Caspio fotografato dalla <a href="/wiki/Stazione_spaziale_internazionale" title="Stazione spaziale internazionale">ISS</a></figcaption></figure> <p>L'area meridionale del mar Caspio, dato il suo clima e le sue terre coltivabili, è sempre stata una terra di conquiste da parte di diversi popoli: <a href="/wiki/Medi" title="Medi">Medi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impero_achemenide" title="Impero achemenide">Persiani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impero_di_Alessandro_Magno" title="Impero di Alessandro Magno">Macedoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impero_seleucide" title="Impero seleucide">Seleucidi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impero_partico" title="Impero partico">Parti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impero_Sasanide" class="mw-redirect" title="Impero Sasanide">Sasanidi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Califfato_omayyade" title="Califfato omayyade">Omayyadi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanato" title="Ilkhanato">Mongoli</a>. </p><p>Originariamente l'area che corrisponde al sud del mare veniva chiamata <a href="/wiki/Ircania" title="Ircania">Ircania</a>, parola derivante dal greco "Hyrcania", a sua volta risalente all'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">antico persiano</a> <i>Verkâna</i> ("lupo"), quindi "terra dei lupi". Fin da allora la satrapia omonima venne chiamata Irania e diede nome anche alla distesa d'acqua circostante. In epoca romana fu chiamato mare Ircànio o mare Ircàno<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; il nome moderno Caspio, invece, deriva dal popolo dei <a href="/wiki/Caspi" title="Caspi">Caspi</a>. Nei Paesi turcofoni è comunemente chiamato mar Cazaro per via del popolo dei <a href="/wiki/Cazari" title="Cazari">Cazari</a> che si stabilì intorno alle regioni del <a href="/wiki/Bassopiano_sarmatico" title="Bassopiano sarmatico">bassopiano sarmatico</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Caucaso" title="Caucaso">Caucaso</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">lingua persiana</a> è anche chiamato <b>mar Mazanderano</b> per via della provincia iraniana di <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran" title="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</a> del quale il mare è costiero. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tra_Europa_ed_Asia">Tra Europa ed Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Tra Europa ed Asia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tra Europa ed Asia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/Europa#Confine_orientale" title="Europa">confine tra Europa ed Asia</a> passa attraverso il Caspio: la sponda settentrionale, tra la foce del fiume <a href="/wiki/Ural" title="Ural">Ural</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Depressione_del_Kuma-Many%C4%8D" title="Depressione del Kuma-Manyč">depressione del Kuma-Manyč</a>, è europea, mentre la sponda orientale, quella meridionale e quella occidentale sono asiatiche. Questo confine è convenzionale ed è basato sulla <a href="/wiki/Linea_di_von_Strahlenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Linea di von Strahlenberg">Linea di von Strahlenberg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lago_o_mare?"><span id="Lago_o_mare.3F"></span>Lago o mare?</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Lago o mare?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Lago o mare?"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le definizioni di mare e lago sono usate entrambe per il Caspio, in particolare si può dire che: </p> <ul><li>In termini geografici il Caspio rientra nella definizione di lago: difatti è comunemente riconosciuto come <a href="/wiki/Laghi_per_superficie" title="Laghi per superficie">il più grande lago del mondo</a>; pertanto, non è incluso nella <a href="/wiki/Convenzione_delle_Nazioni_Unite_sul_diritto_del_mare" title="Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sul diritto del mare">Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sul diritto del mare</a>.</li> <li>In termini geologici, morfologici e politici il Caspio rientra nella definizione di <a href="/wiki/Mare#Mari_chiusi" title="Mare"><i>mare chiuso</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Treccani,_lemma_Mar_Caspio_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani,_lemma_Mar_Caspio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Questa locuzione è un <a href="/wiki/Ossimoro" title="Ossimoro">ossimoro</a> dal punto di vista geografico, ma riassume bene la peculiarità del Caspio.</li></ul> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Salinit%C3%A0" title="Salinità">salinità</a>, comunemente associata all'idea di mare, varia notevolmente da zona a zona, passando da livelli quasi nulli (particolarmente a nord nell'area del delta del Volga) a valori più elevati a causa dell'intensa evaporazione a sud, dove raggiunge l'1,2% (12 g/litro), comunque piuttosto bassa considerato che nel <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneo" title="Mar Mediterraneo">Mediterraneo</a> la salinità varia dal 3,6 al 3,9%, mentre nel <a href="/wiki/Mar_Rosso" title="Mar Rosso">Mar Rosso</a> supera il 4,0% (tali valori escludono la laguna di <i><a href="/wiki/Garabogazk%C3%B6l" class="mw-redirect" title="Garabogazköl">Garabogazköl</a></i> che è pressoché separata dal mar Caspio e che per l'evaporazione elevata raggiunge livelli di salinità maggiori del <a href="/wiki/Mar_Morto" title="Mar Morto">mar Morto</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caspian_Sea_Kazakhstan_Mangistau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Caspian_Sea_Kazakhstan_Mangistau.jpg/260px-Caspian_Sea_Kazakhstan_Mangistau.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Caspian_Sea_Kazakhstan_Mangistau.jpg/390px-Caspian_Sea_Kazakhstan_Mangistau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Caspian_Sea_Kazakhstan_Mangistau.jpg/520px-Caspian_Sea_Kazakhstan_Mangistau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption>Riva presso <a href="/wiki/Aktau" title="Aktau">Aktau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regione_di_Mangghystau" title="Regione di Mangghystau">regione di Mangghystau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan">Kazakistan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dopo il <a href="/wiki/Collasso_dell%27Unione_Sovietica" class="mw-redirect" title="Collasso dell'Unione Sovietica">collasso dell'Unione Sovietica</a>, si è sviluppata tra i paesi che si affacciano sul Caspio una conflittualità legata alla presenza di giacimenti di petrolio e di metano. Dato che le norme internazionali sullo sfruttamento dei giacimenti lacustri sono diverse da quelle dei giacimenti marittimi, la Russia sosteneva per il Caspio lo <i>status</i> giuridico di lago, mentre il <a href="/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan">Kazakistan</a>, insisteva per il riconoscimento dello <i>status</i> di mare.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani,_Mar_Caspio_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani,_Mar_Caspio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La conflittualità proseguì sino al 2018, quando fu indetto ad <a href="/wiki/Aktau" title="Aktau">Aktau</a> un vertice internazionale per dirimere la questione; al vertice parteciparono tutti gli Stati che si affacciano sul bacino. Il relativo documento si astiene dal definire il Caspio come mare o lago, definendolo genericamente "corpo d'acqua", ma regola i diritti e gli obblighi dei vari stati in relazione all'uso del Mar Caspio, comprese le sue acque, i fondali marini, il sottosuolo, le risorse naturali e lo spazio aereo sopra il mare; stabilisce che le acque territoriali di ciascuno stato si estendono per circa 24 km.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ciononostante, molte delle biorisorse rimangono tuttora condivise tra Russia, Azerbaigian, Iran, Turkmenistan e Kazakistan<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origine">Origine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Origine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Origine"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caspianseamap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Caspianseamap.png/260px-Caspianseamap.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Caspianseamap.png/390px-Caspianseamap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Caspianseamap.png/520px-Caspianseamap.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mar_Nero" title="Mar Nero">Mar Nero</a> (settore orientale), mar Caspio, <a href="/wiki/Lago_d%27Aral" title="Lago d'Aral">lago d'Aral</a>: Il Caspio si è generato dal mar Sarmatico o <a href="/wiki/Paratetide" title="Paratetide">Paratetide</a>, anticamente situato ad est del Mediterraneo; una volta creatasi una separazione tra questi due enormi specchi d'acqua, la Paratetide rimase senza sbocco verso gli oceani e cominciò a rimpicciolirsi fino a dividersi in tre specchi d'acqua principali: il Mar Nero, il mar Caspio e il lago d'Aral<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani,_lemma_MarCaspio_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani,_lemma_MarCaspio-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biologia_marina_Mari_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biologia_marina_Mari-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, tutti e tre con tendenza a regredire a causa dell'evaporazione; mentre il livello del mar Nero si è ripreso circa settemila anni fa a causa della ritrovata connessione con il Mediterraneo, il Caspio rimase un <a href="/wiki/Mare#Mari_interni" title="Mare">mare chiuso</a> ed ebbe a fasi alterne la tendenza al declino, per cui oggi la sua superficie si trova al di sotto del livello del mare.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il mar Caspio si formò progressivamente dal ritiro delle acque della <a href="/wiki/Paratetide" title="Paratetide">Paratetide</a>. L'isolamento di quest'ultima dal <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneo" title="Mar Mediterraneo">mar Mediterraneo</a> fece sì che l'evaporazione, congiunta all'orogenesi di importanti catene montuose come i <a href="/wiki/Monti_del_Ponto" title="Monti del Ponto">monti del Ponto</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Caucaso" title="Caucaso">Caucaso</a>, diede origine, nel corso di tempi geologici, al <a href="/wiki/Mar_Nero" title="Mar Nero">mar Nero</a>, al mar Caspio e al <a href="/wiki/Lago_d%27Aral" title="Lago d'Aral">lago d'Aral</a>. Fino a 10.000 anni fa, il <a href="/wiki/Mar_Nero" title="Mar Nero">Mar Nero</a> e il Mar Caspio rimasero collegati da un braccio di mare, detto "Stretto di Manyč"; questa connessione marina è stata attiva sino alla fine della "Prima <a href="/wiki/Trasgressione_marina" title="Trasgressione marina">trasgressione</a> di <a href="/wiki/Chvalynsk" title="Chvalynsk">Chvalynsk</a> del Mar Caspio"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. In queste condizioni geografiche, il Caspio era un mare vero e proprio. Oggi, al posto di questo braccio di mare si estende la <a href="/wiki/Depressione_del_Kuma-Many%C4%8D" title="Depressione del Kuma-Manyč">depressione del Kuma-Manyč</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa#Confine_orientale" title="Europa">confine convenzionale tra Europa ed Asia</a>. </p><p>Il Caspio è dunque un relitto in fase di regresso: non solo il pelo dell'acqua si trova sotto il livello del mare, ma i fondali sono in <a href="/wiki/Criptodepressione" title="Criptodepressione">criptodepressione</a>, mantenendo tuttavia la crosta oceanica nella parte meridionale<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Il processo di ritiro delle acque, comunque, è caratterizzato da continui alti e bassi: nel passato geologico il mar Caspio si era già ritirato nel suo bacino meridionale, più profondo a causa dell'assenza di immissari importanti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluttuazioni_recenti_del_mar_Caspio_e_del_Garabogazköl"><span id="Fluttuazioni_recenti_del_mar_Caspio_e_del_Garabogazk.C3.B6l"></span>Fluttuazioni recenti del mar Caspio e del Garabogazköl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Fluttuazioni recenti del mar Caspio e del Garabogazköl" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Fluttuazioni recenti del mar Caspio e del Garabogazköl"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Garabogazk%C3%B6l" class="mw-redirect" title="Garabogazköl">Garabogazköl</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Sulla costa orientale, in Turkmenistan, si trova un'ampia laguna, il <a href="/wiki/Garabogazk%C3%B6l" class="mw-redirect" title="Garabogazköl">Garabogazköl</a> (<i>Kara-Bogaz-Gol</i>; vedi mappa a destra presso la costa del Turkmenistan); essa diventa un lago a sé stante quando il livello delle acque si abbassa. Quando i due specchi d'acqua comunicano tra di loro, il Garabogazköl sottrae al mar Caspio importanti quantità di acqua: essendo poco profondo e surriscaldandosi, viene infatti continuamente smagrito dall'evaporazione. </p><p>Le autorità sovietiche, preoccupate dal regresso del mar Caspio, ritennero opportuno intervenirne in soccorso. Nel 1980 la baia/laguna venne separata dal Caspio tramite uno sbarramento. Tre anni dopo la laguna risultava del tutto prosciugata.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dato che il fondo altamente salino del Kara-Bogaz-Gol, sollecitato dal vento, produceva tempeste di sale e danni ambientali all'intera regione, il blocco tra i due specchi d'acqua fu soppresso nel 1992, e la piccola laguna si riempì nuovamente di acqua.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel frattempo, in seguito a fluttuazioni naturali, il problema del regresso del mar Caspio si era invertito, tanto che in seguito le coste furono interessate da inondazioni e si pensò addirittura ad un collegamento artificiale del mar Caspio con il <a href="/wiki/Lago_d%27Aral" title="Lago d'Aral">lago d'Aral</a> per salvare quest'ultimo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspetti_ambientali">Aspetti ambientali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Aspetti ambientali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Aspetti ambientali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alla base dei maggiori problemi ambientali del mar Caspio e delle zone circostanti vi sono l'estrazione di metano e petrolio ed altri interventi umani<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, quale lo sbarramento pregresso della laguna e l'apporto di acque inquinate del <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, il quale ha un bacino molto esteso e dal quale dipende in gran parte l'equilibrio idrico. </p><p>Sono state introdotte specie ittiche estranee alla fauna originaria e il numero di specie di animali in genere è in regresso. Molte sono a rischio di estinzione e alcune si sono già estinte, come la <a href="/wiki/Tigre_del_Caspio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigre del Caspio">tigre del Caspio</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna_ittica">Fauna ittica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Fauna ittica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Fauna ittica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La distribuzione della fauna ittica è determinata principalmente dalle differenze di salinità; vi si incontrano sia <a href="/wiki/Specie" title="Specie">specie</a> tipiche delle acque dolci (soprattutto nella parte settentrionale) che delle acque marine.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel mar Caspio sono censite 153 specie di <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">pesci ossei</a> comprese 7 di <a href="/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae">storioni</a> mentre mancano del tutto i <a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes">pesci cartilaginei</a>. Particolarmente diffusi sono i <a href="/wiki/Gobiidae" title="Gobiidae">ghiozzi</a>, con molte specie <a href="/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo">endemiche</a>, e il genere <i><a href="/wiki/Alosa" title="Alosa">Alosa</a></i>. Sono state introdotte numerose <a href="/wiki/Specie_alloctona" title="Specie alloctona">specie aliene</a> allo scopo di favorire la pesca: tra di esse la <a href="/wiki/Cyprinus_carpio" title="Cyprinus carpio">carpa</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Engraulis_encrasicolus" title="Engraulis encrasicolus">acciuga</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Mullus_barbatus" title="Mullus barbatus">triglia di fango</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Mugil_cephalus" title="Mugil cephalus">cefalo</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_%2780" class="mw-redirect" title="Anni '80">anni '80</a> è stato introdotto lo <a href="/wiki/Ctenophora" title="Ctenophora">ctenoforo</a> <a href="/wiki/Specie_alloctona" title="Specie alloctona">alieno</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Mnemiopsis_leidyi" title="Mnemiopsis leidyi">Mnemiopsis leidyi</a></i> che ha causato un vero disastro ecologico e il crollo del pescato. <i>M. leidyi</i> infatti compete con gli stadi giovanili dei pesci nutrendosi di <a href="/wiki/Zooplancton" title="Zooplancton">zooplancton</a> e preda direttamente le larve dei pesci<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isole">Isole</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Isole" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Isole"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="colonne_strette"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashuradeh" title="Ashuradeh">Ashuradeh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulla_(isola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulla (isola) (la pagina non esiste)">Bulla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ikil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çikil (la pagina non esiste)">Çikil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ilov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çilov (la pagina non esiste)">Çilov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_(isola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gil (isola) (la pagina non esiste)">Gil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nargin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nargin (la pagina non esiste)">Nargin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirallah%C4%B1" title="Pirallahı">Pirallahı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qara_Su&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qara Su (la pagina non esiste)">Qara Su</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qum_(isola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qum (isola) (la pagina non esiste)">Qum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C9%99ngi_Mu%C4%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Səngi Muğan (la pagina non esiste)">Səngi Muğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isole_T%C3%BClen" title="Isole Tülen">Isole Tülen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulf (la pagina non esiste)">Vulf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C9%99nbil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zənbil (la pagina non esiste)">Zənbil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caspiar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caspiar (la pagina non esiste)">Caspiar</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insediamenti">Insediamenti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Insediamenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Insediamenti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r119427926">.mw-parser-output .responsive-columns{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:-20px}.mw-parser-output .responsive-columns>div{flex:1 1;margin:0 20px 20px 0}</style><div class="responsive-columns" style=""> <div> <dl><dt><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azerbaigian (bandiera)"><img alt="Azerbaigian (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaigian</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azerbaigian (bandiera)"><img alt="Azerbaigian (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Astara_(Azerbaigian)" title="Astara (Azerbaigian)">Astara</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azerbaigian (bandiera)"><img alt="Azerbaigian (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azerbaigian (bandiera)"><img alt="Azerbaigian (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sumqay%C4%B1t" title="Sumqayıt">Sumqayıt</a></li></ul> </div> <div> <dl><dt><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iran (bandiera)"><img alt="Iran (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iran (bandiera)"><img alt="Iran (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astara_(Iran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astara (Iran) (la pagina non esiste)">Astara</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iran (bandiera)"><img alt="Iran (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Babolsar" title="Babolsar">Babolsar</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iran (bandiera)"><img alt="Iran (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Anzali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandar Anzali (la pagina non esiste)">Bandar Anzali</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iran (bandiera)"><img alt="Iran (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaloos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaloos 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ramsar" title="Ramsar">Ramsar</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iran (bandiera)"><img alt="Iran (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rasht" title="Rasht">Rasht</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iran (bandiera)"><img alt="Iran (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sari_(Iran)" title="Sari (Iran)">Sari</a></li></ul> </div> <div> <dl><dt><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazakistan (bandiera)"><img alt="Kazakistan (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan">Kazakistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazakistan (bandiera)"><img alt="Kazakistan (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Atyrau" title="Atyrau">Atyrau</a> (già Gur'ev)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazakistan (bandiera)"><img alt="Kazakistan (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aktau" title="Aktau">Aktau</a> (già Ševčenko)</li></ul> </div> <div> <dl><dt><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Astrachan%27" title="Astrachan'">Astrachan'</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Macha%C4%8Dkala" title="Machačkala">Machačkala</a></li></ul> </div> <div> <dl><dt><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkmenistan (bandiera)"><img alt="Turkmenistan (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkmenistan (bandiera)"><img alt="Turkmenistan (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenba%C5%9Fy" title="Türkmenbaşy">Türkmenbaşy</a><br />(già Krasnovodsk)</li></ul> </div> </div> <p>Le principali città che si affacciano sul bacino sono <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, capitale azera, e <a href="/wiki/Macha%C4%8Dkala" title="Machačkala">Machačkala</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Piattaforma petrolifera"><img alt="Piattaforma petrolifera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG/120px-Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG/180px-Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG/240px-Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piattaforma petrolifera</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caspian_Sea_in_Mazandaran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Costa iraniana a Mazandaran"><img alt="Costa iraniana a Mazandaran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Caspian_Sea_in_Mazandaran.jpg/120px-Caspian_Sea_in_Mazandaran.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Caspian_Sea_in_Mazandaran.jpg/180px-Caspian_Sea_in_Mazandaran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Caspian_Sea_in_Mazandaran.jpg/240px-Caspian_Sea_in_Mazandaran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1997" data-file-height="1195" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Costa iraniana a <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran" title="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyuleni-archipelago.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Isole Tülen"><img alt="Isole Tülen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Tyuleni-archipelago.png/120px-Tyuleni-archipelago.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Tyuleni-archipelago.png/180px-Tyuleni-archipelago.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Tyuleni-archipelago.png/240px-Tyuleni-archipelago.png 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Isole_T%C3%BClen" title="Isole Tülen">Isole Tülen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Baku,_2004_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Veduta di Baku"><img alt="Veduta di Baku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/View_of_Baku%2C_2004_%282%29.jpg/120px-View_of_Baku%2C_2004_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/View_of_Baku%2C_2004_%282%29.jpg/180px-View_of_Baku%2C_2004_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/View_of_Baku%2C_2004_%282%29.jpg/240px-View_of_Baku%2C_2004_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Veduta di <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stenka_Razin_by_Vasily_Surikov_1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sten'ka Razin nel Mar Caspio (Vasilij Ivanovič Surikov, 1906)"><img alt="Sten'ka Razin nel Mar Caspio (Vasilij Ivanovič Surikov, 1906)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stenka_Razin_by_Vasily_Surikov_1906.jpg/120px-Stenka_Razin_by_Vasily_Surikov_1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stenka_Razin_by_Vasily_Surikov_1906.jpg/180px-Stenka_Razin_by_Vasily_Surikov_1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stenka_Razin_by_Vasily_Surikov_1906.jpg/240px-Stenka_Razin_by_Vasily_Surikov_1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1047" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sten%27ka_Razin" title="Sten'ka Razin">Sten'ka Razin</a> nel Mar Caspio (<a href="/wiki/Vasilij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Surikov" title="Vasilij Ivanovič Surikov">Vasilij Ivanovič Surikov</a>, 1906)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">I toponimi azero, persiano e turkmeno e i sinonimi italiani di uso raro "mar Cazaro" e "mar dei Cazari" derivano dalla confederazione dei <a href="/wiki/Cazari" title="Cazari">Cazari</a>, formata da popolazioni turche stanziate intorno al Caspio.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treccani,_lemma_Mar_Caspio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Treccani,_lemma_Mar_Caspio_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Treccani,_lemma_Mar_Caspio_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ricerca/mar-caspio/"><span style="font-style:italic;">mar-caspio: documenti, foto e citazioni nell'Enciclopedia Treccani</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 22 marzo 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.euronews.com/2022/06/29/putin-al-vertice-sul-mar-caspio-energia-e-traffico-marittimo-in-agenda"><span style="font-style:italic;">Putin al vertice sul mar Caspio - energia e traffico marittimo in agenda</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">it.euronews.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 06-09-24</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/5328"><span style="font-style:italic;">Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">President of Russia</span>. <small>URL consultato il 24 novembre 2022</small>.</cite></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Erodoto, <i>Storie</i>, III, 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plinio_il_Vecchio" title="Plinio il Vecchio">Plinio il Vecchio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalis Historia">Naturalis Historia</a></i>, V, 97; VI, 15, 35-36, 41, 46, 51, 58, 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treccani,_Mar_Caspio-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Treccani,_Mar_Caspio_6-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_mar-caspio" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mar-caspio"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mar Caspio</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. <small>URL consultato il 6 settembre 2014</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/5328"><span style="font-style:italic;">Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">President of Russia</span>. <small>URL consultato il 24 novembre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Phoebe Greenwood, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/12/landmark-caspian-sea-deal-signed-among-five-coastal-nations"><span style="font-style:italic;">Landmark Caspian Sea deal signed by five coastal nations</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The Guardian</span>, 12 agosto 2018. <small>URL consultato il 22 marzo 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treccani,_lemma_MarCaspio-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Treccani,_lemma_MarCaspio_9-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_mare-caspio_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mare-caspio_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mar Caspio</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Enciclopedia Italiana</a></span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. <small>URL consultato il 6 settembre 2014</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biologia_marina_Mari-10"><a href="#cite_ref-biologia_marina_Mari_10-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biologiamarina.eu/Laghi.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Laghi</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">biologiamarina.eu</span>. <small>URL consultato il 6 settembre 2014</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">A. Miščenko (a cura di): <i>Vodno-bolotnye ugod ʹ ja Rossii</i>. Tom 6: <i>Vodno-bolotnye ugodʹ ja Severnogo Kavkaza</i> (= "Zone umide della Russia". Vol 6: "Zone umide del Caucaso settentrionale"). Wetlands International, Mosca 2006, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9789058820280" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-90-5882-028-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Caspian-Sea"><span style="font-style:italic;">Caspian Sea | Facts, Map, & Geography | Britannica</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.britannica.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 24 novembre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020142356/http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/DynamicEarth/Chapter16/Fig4.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Photograph of the Caspian from the Meteor 30 satellite</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">eol.jsc.nasa.gov</span>, 20 agosto 1984. <small>URL consultato il 6 settembre 2014</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/DynamicEarth/Chapter16/Fig4.htm">url originale</abbr> il 20 ottobre 2014)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025012041/http://grida.no/graphicslib/detail/kara-bogaz-gol-desertification-while-dammed-1980-1992-caspian-sea-turkmenistan_b7c1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kara-Bogaz-Gol, desertification while dammed 1980-1992 (Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">grida.no</span>, 22 febbraio 2012. <small>URL consultato il 6 settembre 2014</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/kara-bogaz-gol-desertification-while-dammed-1980-1992-caspian-sea-turkmenistan_b7c1">url originale</abbr> il 25 ottobre 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Marilisa Lorusso, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/aree/Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan-mal-di-petrolio-199426"><span style="font-style:italic;">Azerbaijan, mal di petrolio</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">balcanicaucaso.org</span>, 6 febbraio 2020. <small>URL consultato l'8 novembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=154"><span style="font-style:italic;">Species in Caspian Sea</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">fishbase.se</span>. <small>URL consultato il 6 settembre 2014</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fishbase.de/trophiceco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=154"><span style="font-style:italic;">Species in the Caspian Sea</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Ivanov, V.P., Kamakin, A.M., Ushivtsev, V.B., Shiganova, T.A., Zhukova, O.P., Aladin, N.V., Wilson, S.I., Harbison, G.R., Dumont, H.J., <span style="font-style:italic;">Invasion of the Caspian Sea by the comb jellyfish Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora)</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Biological Invasions</span>, vol. 2, 2000, pp. 255-258.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Steve_LeVine" title="Steve LeVine">Steve LeVine</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Il_petrolio_e_la_gloria" title="Il petrolio e la gloria">Il petrolio e la gloria. La corsa al dominio e alle ricchezze della regione del Mar Caspio</a></span>, traduzione di Enrico Monier, Inchieste, Fagnano Alto (AQ), Editrice il Sirente, 2009, XXXII-512 pp., <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-87847-15-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-87847-15-4">978-88-87847-15-4</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mar_Caspio" class="extiw" title="q:Mar Caspio">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/mar_Caspio" class="extiw" title="wikt:mar Caspio">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Caspian Sea"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caspian_Sea?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mar_Caspio" class="extiw" title="q:Mar Caspio">mar Caspio</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/mar_Caspio" class="extiw" title="wikt:mar Caspio">mar Caspio</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caspian_Sea?uselang=it">mar Caspio</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mar-caspio"><span style="font-style:italic;">Caspio, Mar</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5484#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Càspio,+Mare-.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Càspio, Mare-</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5484#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Lewis Owen, Oleg Konstantinovich Leontiev e Aleksey Nilovich Kosarev, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Caspian-Sea"><span style="font-style:italic;">Caspian Sea</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5484#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Iranica" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caspian-sea-index"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mar Caspio</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></span>, Ehsan Yarshater Center, Columbia University.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5484#P3021" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os 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Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4110033-5">4110033-5</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15322350n">cb15322350n</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15322350n">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284873005171">987007284873005171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01135352">01135352</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/38px-LocationAsia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/50px-LocationAsia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2751" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Asia" title="Portale:Asia">Portale Asia</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stub_Europa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Europa"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Stub_Europa.svg/24px-Stub_Europa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Stub_Europa.svg/37px-Stub_Europa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Stub_Europa.svg/49px-Stub_Europa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="606" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Europa" title="Portale:Europa">Portale Europa</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gartoon_apps_bluefish.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mare"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gartoon_apps_bluefish.svg/25px-Gartoon_apps_bluefish.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gartoon_apps_bluefish.svg/38px-Gartoon_apps_bluefish.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gartoon_apps_bluefish.svg/50px-Gartoon_apps_bluefish.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="90" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Mare" title="Portale:Mare">Portale Mare</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&oldid=142303407">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mar_Caspio&oldid=142303407</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mar_Caspio" title="Categoria:Mar Caspio">Mar Caspio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Laghi_transfrontalieri" title="Categoria:Laghi transfrontalieri">Laghi transfrontalieri</a></li></ul></div><div 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Wikidata">P2049 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P2053_differente_su_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P2053 differente su Wikidata">P2053 differente su Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P2234_differente_su_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P2234 differente su Wikidata">P2234 differente su Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P2547_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P2547 letta da Wikidata">P2547 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P4511_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P4511 letta da Wikidata">P4511 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_modulo_citazione_e_parametro_pagine" title="Categoria:Voci con modulo citazione e parametro pagine">Voci con modulo citazione e parametro pagine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P3365_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P3365 letta da Wikidata">P3365 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P6706_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P6706 letta da Wikidata">P6706 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P3021_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P3021 letta da Wikidata">P3021 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_VIAF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice VIAF">Voci con codice VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_NDL" title="Categoria:Voci con codice NDL">Voci con codice NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pagine_che_utilizzano_l%27estensione_Kartographer" title="Categoria:Pagine che utilizzano l'estensione Kartographer">Pagine che utilizzano l'estensione Kartographer</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 23 nov 2024 alle 15:24.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; possono applicarsi condizioni ulteriori. 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