CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "arts.mit.edu",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92a24b157b240b9e',cH: '31gTS5foN2xfrdOtAoWkcIetywdZLqP_ehU6VbadYQU-1743617534-1.2.1.1-6qB68qU4ahDfFFoECpoMBgBsjhIJEmCWQUiOHjUWPdHntv1ahTVJNzCSUmnKvOIc',cUPMDTk: "\/news\/articles?__cf_chl_tk=a7viIMDvtHTuOIhlVa5UfdqAeMvcv.NAmajwKxLDXqw-1743617534-1.0.1.1-3B14drD7Kl1Di6NV_pEHBw6xSFL5uMJhG2RNV2VFJYc",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1743617534',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/news\/articles?__cf_chl_f_tk=a7viIMDvtHTuOIhlVa5UfdqAeMvcv.NAmajwKxLDXqw-1743617534-1.0.1.1-3B14drD7Kl1Di6NV_pEHBw6xSFL5uMJhG2RNV2VFJYc",md: "iCxt6PKc0FEzOZPodjF097xXqqDXNDFg9JfEjRk9S0E-1743617534-1.2.1.1-EkkQrABTTwNrAbu9h0z_aAyZbJjkwTaVppF1JywMqvRc4fMX.2d1VA1QGtJU3ipM7WBAthAh_2NWJHnVLECsqdjTBEDEmAHZPAqoHiQnQUdY914cPNRY7CUy1nLiL_0mvg7FLb_8y5IHk_rhlwKomgBmSc5CdbeACRUIFXi527tOduv8PKeNUMTRapkPfZitHL17mLUyKztgNk1bbcDigIMXookLsARY3E8tkpd7PfjsvXdulXXl4uSUtuEk7D55XOXDFNRApCswkSBIyaGCrEPjFFg6H3rCiymJR6KLrT4eFc7.pLYUCN1vHVtHtTYg38M_dWuFnZSrqcWwr8N5JluzXPvF7ac3I1LbJHgMByB5qNDjdINV.mPI8KudCt9mvYTYfcJkB6jdDfMqCF82otofW.PwKVX3Qhzg6rTtqQtkW8DXUmv6mimZKPGJgNk2qQ0tf4K7I9pmcPF.D6aBTo1dOOUU6mZM2dwu4ywQkU8Ga25lAKP5.L0GpayAmb2oumT8Ld7cjutG6SQlBkHOvIRZOUKlZ9gPnHXfRAVJuIDBUKgCN7V2pILp_ny3.J9izwT54sDO2sFkT72rN09orNudoQSssx3h8Eh4qLs26_1NU62NsqCWZBqrKV1PL_PbByZyRFrsKH_5cy5rVCku7BTW4eJZktuhS.A2FwLAJMzo3UObGHfCLvarpvYFT9.2GVyWOjunFZKmLpvquLy6GxS1BJye.C5YpsXFxzh0agSppGgqxCg.Y1gtH7Q2wJZnoB_CcngwOMesm_TJiBiIYACHRqlbd8YzcIqqwwhCaLoaO5XmAUV_eJdGTC7VNvL8TQb00kQs3biQVpREldgeDlAlXMQtMyzsjpmk3OOBii5YuvfIaQuL6AmYxhK27tBiA649qucCtuDmD6a4Y.ywv48KvKT11HTfBk1hID2FeBuzzqJO2nA6IZ15XZZn8zZV_n7mx..QqqLyELW98DDe7ucPL6M3wIAGtvi8jHq.Fk3N9CmnASjDF9mzXPgkFHwrqJKulDnCidK0PPtucRDfKmBpJWtEIHG3co6dULpfnEBD56d.OPYhWQVsp.3fOTyEkkUB4.tTo.Yd_QV8U5CEMaGAD862NSVXkpHlFTHdlAAV5Hv9cuEeM9Uyn118B1qeUaXBm3_ZxD02gNbAo9nIlYMKSlXRWbli8l9Q7jabJwConwWnGFjYhTtaLkHWSKsvcH6IiDs3fGRM9ap693xaFz16edsUHYEQGN0ZQe.tm2ED2ktT7KRuy9WTUvEv4c81",mdrd: "csXQF5FPeMlxjFiUG7_uMSBE9pKIsBd03NOBbjWqnQ0-1743617534-1.2.1.1-pvjKIM6CMHSPVPDJGSAdXWS5qfnLcF2BKExZ.SkTCcn_jyMdasylOQXfCFaB345PGH1WadfBL8nvVxVefzV0bWWSFT.4VFumwoJtD5dRURj_WvVXDjna.wR_ppDySVXbtvKd7IDI8xoOlF7iTZ1T0OPGbmumDsFC_jf3qYT6xG9SOEuh4hF.EoTpjWjl63PWLIMMi8aHGExzqudzCsaZQxMvDMdJspAGMbafJOixIdsD_vguD3nZJOIMKKR11DZgG.zdNASbWrpQ.4g1hVPxprSj70YZkyErQSLu9ke7FJkBAUuCMhTEx_1nknRSK3p_ZN0RgeB_D0d0s3ej7DscuLPhJL7gGnsa8MNTbNvU2t5aHroIBssE3zT52s4KnosbbkaeGsEuL0j4.NV.WsM5PJz75ZJoIEAtzfDRF57LPUqEMeCBiluqb1h97Q4cNdSg8UA0PMx7eobYvfj6LXYC.k8U8ZbKejtaEK_fGAmU4Uj8QP4OrByIptnYZl.jLux2IrkDO50wMp8q60JjpOfXCfYw14A1uW5wAND.hNMwQAlbtRSBHknL.FgZz05uvugo87R6BjBtApw9VnAimg4CGGmDVAMrQejRnG_B7G6rIfts8la0uo87Pj.ftFuEBqVrFa3nlzn9kNrp6NDONDDx.YvdHZyCOkzErz7rYia0S1CsyQmZKZbAnQCRLMy.PiJJ.vy3fuYJ06BgeUCMiNHkNSpBd8UANNqvF0I0koBHOMk.6gT1g6D1ozQK3.71wCkYkDFzSqCa.5GHCSYMwVkTueyZvwMGgceMLHJd2fWmB2f4f8WQidJiqD0K3hhXThWhEbTvJBrJw3wAgrmv2.liCLj8WQgcQAMcLiqF5__mYbkQJjTJCKKTTzfE_j9CUCMrVUlCZAGv5dZuug7HvdLcAEaijpMYXgVRgOKmKcfDEEh6dyV06BlLhLiC4yZ2lFEDZS6Z9UTvbSXlJmldzoeL8NYL8uV3bUKizMxhMQb_rI7y.NJWrjbDydM2qzAvdHSgBL.BHLMx5NpVjaR8Kb3bTNTrebZ7v4OH4nUSL_yHNDViJRkOY9Y0.MtpCHMYs..BUsBff.XpVybRNcLvNz7Fa7ns1tocgydocbMpTMQrfksAczPIKzUlArgQflVKio_jvdVn4kFBqeOUNlVHOAO2xdUyEWZpB1ORSh42DlmWCa1YbaU5kcdreekoGEaLWoph1N9DuaxN3.TSA40hMxadUeYFqCavIN1Eab1fPoUlKXfNIrCM6lWxNV1UHVJMTCZ3v.aAM79DzbBGtsKUtG7u2K7hjSIhfWBQ1.WARMP3P7kcWS_XQ4ePRiSIrXkWzDxjCaiPYpymHv_.5vBGFWcb3D9v8zVnx0uQZL5lhyHH21ST6yE3CJcqED3dafyJVIAz2imBv7d0UspuvARt.bbglLX4JSXJ61UaoxMkIKCB4zythzwxs3qzggB.frtA7GDFuA3Lt0sAJoYotXzC98PdHn1mlDxfFusenLwHOPQvmGFB0n1n4Nf5_mQH2RUHbdWGKHooXwT8nlPdcd43nm3HzUHjQecobVtv9ijV9E5ZTQ63yLjBHBTen3ijj2xPVdlBhGnWKFEASLdZF477DLVH0Yk9U14RZpCxGPjgbBhSQo747g9EbAKpcdW6iIPYW7WvhqTpmGgEvxCh2Wpf9z5MgeI1ET1lwbsxMhJOaUxm82gxTsUWTNWxVMWUbZhmNjvXH4Prwfuw0ukaTUpU9E0QfEwkhi2lDqrWiYWzGXsm4C8KvJCdbwz.aJXeUQ8c0ov5XYafIllT1XDoNilbnjlKgASgBaesczs58D2kwvfV8wacO_xLfqgssahP8vnGpDh6jQJOTVZ.2Q6YS7Ae.6iLMPESzv7N_NccMTVURHobJsojUtj.fg_ww3acDsyGZbJ7un1wdrgVxzVytHczE_ihwjZuDRQwb02OwzL_xTS_TGKpk2Ju8280g2wYHMz99DvCeGow7pBadcgTir.menvVwXpn3LT1cEzHE2p3J_2YbfCApWZVtp23C1VjHBMvuE2_"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92a24b157b240b9e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/news\/articles?__cf_chl_rt_tk=a7viIMDvtHTuOIhlVa5UfdqAeMvcv.NAmajwKxLDXqw-1743617534-1.0.1.1-3B14drD7Kl1Di6NV_pEHBw6xSFL5uMJhG2RNV2VFJYc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>