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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Common types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phrases_and_expressions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phrases_and_expressions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phrases and expressions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phrases_and_expressions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recitation_of_Quran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recitation_of_Quran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Recitation of Quran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recitation_of_Quran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quranic_ayat_and_hadiths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quranic_ayat_and_hadiths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Quranic ayat and hadiths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Quranic_ayat_and_hadiths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Quranic ayat and hadiths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Quranic_ayat_and_hadiths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quranic_ayat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quranic_ayat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Quranic ayat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quranic_ayat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadiths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadiths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Hadiths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadiths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tasbih_of_Fatimah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tasbih_of_Fatimah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Tasbih of Fatimah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tasbih_of_Fatimah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prayer_beads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prayer_beads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Prayer beads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prayer_beads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dhakir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dhakir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Dhakir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dhakir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sufi_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sufi_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sufi practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sufi_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revelations_and_prophetic_messages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revelations_and_prophetic_messages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Revelations and prophetic messages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revelations_and_prophetic_messages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Dhikr</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="ذكر (إسلام) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذكر (إسلام)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0" title="জিকিৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জিকিৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0" title="জিকির – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিকির" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Зекер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Зекер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81" title="Ντικρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντικρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="ذکر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ذکر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%ED%81%AC%EB%A5%B4" title="디크르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디크르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zikiri" title="Zikiri – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zikiri" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="ज़िक्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़िक्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zi%C4%87ir" title="Zićir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zićir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zikir" title="Zikir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zikir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A8" title="זיכר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיכר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80" title="Зикр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зикр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zikir" title="Zikir – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zikir" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zikras" title="Zikras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zikras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzikr" title="Dzikr – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dzikr" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B5%BC" title="ദിക്ർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദിക്ർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1" title="الذكر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الذكر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zikir" title="Zikir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zikir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80" title="Зикр – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Зикр" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zikr" title="Zikr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zikr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zikr" title="Zikr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zikr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80" title="Зикр – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Зикр" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80" title="Зикр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зикр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱡᱤᱠᱤᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱤᱠᱤᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digri" title="Digri – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Digri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ویرد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dhikr" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zikir" title="Zikir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zikir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80" title="Зікр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зікр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%DA%A9%D8%B1_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="ذکر (اسلام) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ذکر (اسلام)" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Remembrance of God in Islam</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Zekr" redirects here. For the Quranic software, see <a href="/wiki/Zekr_(software)" title="Zekr (software)">Zekr (software)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dhikr" title="Special:EditPage/Dhikr">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dhikr%22">"Dhikr"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dhikr%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dhikr%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dhikr%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dhikr%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dhikr%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isma_allah_zat-new.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Isma_allah_zat-new.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="360" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>The Arabic word for God (Allāh) depicted as being written on the rememberer's <a href="/wiki/Qalb" title="Qalb">heart</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Dhikr</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ذِكْر</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ð/: 'th' in 'this'">ð</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">remembrance, reminder,<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mention<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is a form of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ibadah" title="Ibadah">worship</a> in which phrases or prayers are repeatedly recited for the purpose of remembering <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It plays a central role in <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and each Sufi <a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">order</a> typically adopts a specific <i>dhikr</i>, accompanied by specific posture, breathing, and movement.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sufism, <i>dhikr</i> refers to both the act of this remembrance as well as the prayers used in these acts of remembrance.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Dhikr</i> usually includes the <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">names of God</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">supplication</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>. It may be counted with either one's fingers or <a href="/wiki/Misbaha" title="Misbaha">prayer beads</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may be performed alone or with a collective group.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A person who recites <i>dhikr</i> is called a <i>dhākir</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ذَاكِر</span></span>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[ðaːkɪr]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">rememberer</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Quran frequently refers to itself and other <a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">scriptures</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_legends_in_the_Quran" title="List of legends in the Quran">prophetic messages</a> as "reminders" (<i>dhikrah</i>, <i>tadhkīrah</i>), which is understood as a call to "remember" (<i>dhikr</i>) an <a href="/wiki/Fitra" title="Fitra">innate knowledge of God</a> humans already possess. The Quran uses the term <i>dhikr</i> to denote the reminder from God conveyed through the <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">prophets and messengers</a>, as well as the human response to that reminder, signifying a reciprocal interaction between the divine and human. <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> believe the prophets deliver God's message as a reminder to humans, who, in turn, should remember and acknowledge it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200063_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick200063-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance">Importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several verses in the Quran emphasize the importance of remembering the will of God by saying phrases such as "God willing" "God knows best," and "If it is your will.' This is the basis for dhikr. <a href="/wiki/Al-Kahf" title="Al-Kahf">Surah al-Kahf</a> (18), <a href="/wiki/Ayah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayah">Ayah</a> 24 states a person who forgets to say, "God willing", should immediately remember God by saying, "Maybe my Lord will guide me to [something] more akin to rectitude than this."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other verses include <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahzab" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ahzab">Surah al-Ahzab</a> (33), Ayah 41, "O you who have faith! Remember Allah with frequent remembrance",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ar-Ra%27d" title="Ar-Ra'd">Surah ar-Ra'd</a> (13), Ayah 28, "those who have faith, and whose hearts find rest in the remembrance of Allah. Look! The hearts find rest in Allah's remembrance!"<sup id="cite_ref-quran1328_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quran1328-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sufi dhikr most commonly involves the repetition of the Names of Allah. This practice is central to Sufi spiritual exercises and is intended to foster a deeper connection with the Divine. The <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names of Allah</a>, also known as Asma'ul Husna, represent various attributes of God, such as "<a href="/wiki/Rahman_(name)" title="Rahman (name)">Ar-Rahman</a>" (The Most Merciful) and "Al-Karim" (The Generous). By invoking these names, practitioners aim to internalize the qualities they represent, cultivate a state of spiritual purity, and draw closer to God. The repetitive nature of dhikr helps to quiet the mind, focus the heart, and create a sense of inner peace and presence. To Sufis, dhikr is seen as a way to gain spiritual enlightenment and achieve annihilation of self (<i>fana</i>) to seek permanence in God.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Muslim sects endorse individual rosaries as a method dhikr and meditation, the goal of which is to obtain a feeling of peace, separation from worldly values (<a href="/wiki/Dunya" title="Dunya">dunya</a>), and, in general, strengthen <a href="/wiki/Iman_(concept)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iman (concept)">Iman</a> (faith). The main purpose of dhikr is to fill the heart with spiritual meaning and not simply chant the invocations with an empty heart and absent mind. When performed with awareness, the heart then becomes receptive to the activity of the tongue and is aware of God's presence.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_types">Common types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Common types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:33%;">Arabic <hr /> Qurʾanic spelling</th> <th style="width:30%;">Transliteration <hr /> <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th style="width:33%;">Phrase </th></tr> <tr> <td>بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basmala" title="Basmala">bismi -llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> <hr /> /bis.mi‿l.laː.hi‌‿r.raħ.maː.ni ‿r.ra.ħiː.mi/</td> <td>In the name of God, the All-Merciful, the Especially-Merciful. </td></tr> <tr> <td>أَعُوذُ بِٱللَّٰهِ مِنَ ٱلشَّيْطَانِ ٱلرَّجِيمِ</td> <td>ʾaʿūḏu bi-llāhi mina š-šayṭāni r-rajīm<sup><small>i</small></sup> <hr /> /ʔa.ʕuː.ðu bil.laː.hi mi.na‿ʃ.ʃaj.tˤaː.ni‿r.ra.d͡ʒiː.mi/</td> <td>I seek refuge in God from the exiled Satan. </td></tr> <tr> <td>أَعُوذُ بِٱللَّٰهِ ٱلسَّمِيعِ ٱلْعَلِيمِ مِنَ ٱلشَّيْطَانِ ٱلرَّجِيمِ</td> <td>ʾaʿūḏu bi-llāhi s-samīʿi l-ʿalīmi mina š-šayṭāni r-rajīm<sup><small>i</small></sup> <hr /> /ʔa.ʕuː.ðu bil.laː.hi‿s.sa.miː.ʕi‿l.ʕa.liː.mi mi.na‿ʃ.ʃaj.tˤaː.ni‿r.ra.d͡ʒiː.mi/</td> <td>I seek refuge in God, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from the exiled Satan. </td></tr> <tr> <td>سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّٰهِ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">subḥāna -llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> <hr /> /sub.ħaː.na‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi/</td> <td>Glorified is God. </td></tr> <tr> <td>ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">ʾalḥamdu lillāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> <hr /> /ʔal.ħam.du lil.laː.hi/</td> <td>Praise is due to God. </td></tr> <tr> <td>لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tahlil" title="Tahlil">lā ʾilāha ʾillā -llāh<sup><small>u</small></sup></a> <hr /> /laː ʔi.laː.ha ʔil.la‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu/</td> <td>There is no deity but God. </td></tr> <tr> <td>ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">ʾallāhu ʾakbar<sup><small>u</small></sup></a> <hr /> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hu ʔak.ba.ru/</td> <td>God is greater [than everything]. </td></tr> <tr> <td>أَسْتَغْفِرُ ٱللَّٰهَ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Istighfar" title="Istighfar">ʾastaḡfiru -llāh<sup><small>a</small></sup></a> <hr /> /ʔas.taɣ.fi.ru‿ɫ.ɫaː.ha/</td> <td>I seek the forgiveness of God. </td></tr> <tr> <td>أَسْتَغْفِرُ ٱللَّٰهَ رَبِّي وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Istighfar" title="Istighfar">ʾastaḡfiru -llāha rabbī wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayh<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> <hr /> /ʔas.taɣ.fi.ru‿ɫ.ɫaː.ha rab.biː wa.ʔa.tuː.bu ʔi.laj.hi/</td> <td>I seek the forgiveness of God, my Lord, and repent to Him. </td></tr> <tr> <td>سُبْحَانَكَ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">subḥānaka -llāhumm<sup><small>a</small></sup></a> <hr /> /sub.ħaː.na.ka‿ɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma/</td> <td>Glorified are you, O God. </td></tr> <tr> <td>سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ</td> <td>subḥāna -llāhi wa-bi-ḥamdih<sup><small>ī</small></sup> <hr /> /sub.ħaː.na‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi wa.bi.ħam.di.hiː/</td> <td>Glorified is God and with His praise. </td></tr> <tr> <td>سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ ٱلْعَظِيمِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ</td> <td>subḥāna rabbiya l-ʿaẓīmi wa-bi-ḥamdih<sup><small>ī</small></sup> <hr /> /sub.ħaː.na rab.bi.ja‿l.ʕa.ðˤiː.mi wa.bi.ħam.di.hiː/</td> <td>Glorified is my God, the Great, and with His praise. </td></tr> <tr> <td>سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ وَبِحَمْدِهِ</td> <td>subḥāna rabbiya l-ʾaʿlā wa-bi-ḥamdih<sup><small>ī</small></sup> <hr /> /sub.ħaː.na rab.bi.ja‿l.ʔaʕ.laː wa.bi.ħam.di.hiː/</td> <td>Glorified is my God, the Most High, and with His praise. </td></tr> <tr> <td>لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِٱللَّٰهِ ٱلْعَلِيِّ ٱلْعَظِيمِ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawqala" title="Hawqala">lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi l-ʿalīyi l-ʿaẓīm<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> <hr /> /laː ħaw.la wa.laː quw.wa.ta ʔil.laː bil.laː.hi‿l.ʕa.liː.ji‿l.ʕa.ðˤiː.mi/</td> <td>There is no power no strength except from God, the Exalted, the Great. </td></tr> <tr> <td>لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ ٱلظَّالِمِينَ</td> <td>lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta subḥānaka ʾinnī kuntu mina ẓ-ẓālimīn<sup><small>a</small></sup> <hr /> /laː ʔi.laː.ha ʔil.laː ʔan.ta sub.ħaː.na.ka ʔin.niː kun.tu mi.na‿ðˤ.ðˤaː.li.miː.na/</td> <td>There is no god except You, glorified are you! I have indeed been among the wrongdoers. </td></tr> <tr> <td>حَسْبُنَا ٱللَّٰهُ وَنِعْمَ ٱلْوَكِيلُ</td> <td>ḥasbunā -llāhu wa-niʿma l-wakīl<sup><small>u</small></sup> <hr /> /ħas.bu.na‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu wa.niʕ.ma‿l.wa.kiː.lu/</td> <td>God is sufficient for us, and He is an excellent Trustee. </td></tr> <tr> <td>إِنَّا لِلَّٰهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inna_Lillahi_wa_inna_ilayhi_raji%27un" title="Inna Lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un">ʾinnā lillāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilayhi rājiʿūn<sup><small>a</small></sup></a> <hr /> /ʔin.naː lil.laː.hi wa.ʔin.naː ʔi.laj.hi raː.d͡ʒi.ʕuː.na/</td> <td>Verily we belong to God, and verily to Him do we return. </td></tr> <tr> <td>مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ كَانَ وَمَا لَمْ يَشَأْ لَمْ يَكُنْ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mashallah" title="Mashallah">mā šāʾa -llāhu kāna wa-mā lam yašaʾ lam yakun</a> <hr /> /maː ʃaː.ʔa‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu kaː.na wa.maː lam ja.ʃaʔ lam ja.kun/</td> <td>What God wills will be, and what God does not will, will not be. </td></tr> <tr> <td>إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inshallah" title="Inshallah">ʾin šāʾa -llāh<sup><small>u</small></sup></a> <hr /> /ʔin ʃaː.ʔa‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu/</td> <td>If God wills. </td></tr> <tr> <td>مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mashallah" title="Mashallah">mā šāʾa -llāh<sup><small>u</small></sup></a> <hr /> /maː ʃaː.ʔa‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu/</td> <td>What God wills. </td></tr> <tr> <td>بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّٰهِ</td> <td>bi-ʾiḏni -llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup> <hr /> /bi.ʔið.ni‿l.laː.hi/</td> <td>With the permission of God. </td></tr> <tr> <td>جَزَاكَ ٱللَّٰهُ خَيْرًا</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jazakallah" title="Jazakallah">jazāka -llāhu khayrā<sup><small>n</small></sup></a> <hr /> /d͡ʒa.zaː.ka‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu xaj.ran/</td> <td>God reward you [with] goodness. </td></tr> <tr> <td>بَارَكَ ٱللَّٰهُ فِيكَ</td> <td>bāraka -llāhu fīk<sup><small>a</small></sup> <hr /> /baː.ra.ka‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu fiː.ka/</td> <td>God bless you. </td></tr> <tr> <td>فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّٰهِ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fi_sabilillah" title="Fi sabilillah">fī sabīli -llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> <hr /> /fiː sa.biː.li‿l.laː.hi/</td> <td>On the path of God. </td></tr> <tr> <td>لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ</td> <td>lā ʾilāha ʾillā -llāhu muḥammadun rasūlu -llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup> <hr /> /laː ʔi.laː.ha ʔil.la‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu mu.ħam.ma.dun ra.suː.lu‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi/</td> <td>There is no deity but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God. </td></tr> <tr> <td>لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلِيٌّ وَلِيُّ ٱللَّٰهِ</td> <td>lā ʾilāha ʾillā -llāhu muḥammadun rasūlu -llāhi ʿalīyun walīyu -llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup> <hr /> /laː ʔi.laː.ha ʔil.la‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu mu.ħam.ma.dun ra.suː.lu‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi ʕa.liː.jun wa.liː.ju‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi/</td> <td>There is no deity but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God, Ali is the vicegerent of God. <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Usually recited by <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Muslims</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahada#The_testimonies" title="Shahada">ʾašhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā -llāhu wa-ʾašhadu ʾanna muḥammadan rasūlu -llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> <hr /> /ʔaʃ.ha.du ʔan laː ʔi.laː.ha ʔil.la‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu wa.ʔaʃ.ha.du ʔan.na mu.ħam.ma.dan ra.suː.lu‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi/</td> <td>I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of God. </td></tr> <tr> <td>أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا وَلِيُّ ٱللَّٰهِ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahada#The_testimonies" title="Shahada">ʾašhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā -llāhu wa-ʾašhadu ʾanna muḥammadan rasūlu -llāhi wa-ʾašhadu ʾanna ʿalīyan walīyu -llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> <hr /> /ʔaʃ.ha.du ʔan laː ʔi.laː.ha ʔil.la‿ɫ.ɫaː.hu wa.ʔaʃ.ha.du ʔan.na mu.ħam.ma.dan ra.suː.lu‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi wa.ʔaʃ.ha.du ʔan.na ʕa.liː.jan wa.liː.ju‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi/</td> <td>I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of God, and I bear witness that Ali is the vicegerent of God. <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Usually recited by Shia Muslims)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammad<sup><small>in</small></sup></a> <hr /> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/</td> <td>O God, bless Muhammad and the <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Progeny of Muhammad</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ وَٱلْعَنْ أَعْدَاءَهُمْ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin wa-ʿajjil farajahum wa-lʿan ʾaʿdāʾahum</a> <hr /> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil fa.ra.d͡ʒa.hum wal.ʕan ʔaʕ.daː.ʔa.hum/</td> <td>O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation and curse their enemies. <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Usually recited by Shia Muslims)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِيِّكَ ٱلْفَرَجَ وَٱلْعَافِيَةَ وَٱلنَّصْرَ</td> <td>ʾallāhumma ʿajjil li-walīyika l-faraja wa-l-ʿāfiyata wa-n-naṣr<sup><small>a</small></sup> <hr /> /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil li.wa.liː.ji.ka‿l.fa.ra.d͡ʒa wal.ʕaː.fi.ja.ta wan.nasˤ.ra/</td> <td>O God, hasten the <a href="/wiki/Major_Occultation" title="Major Occultation">alleviation</a> of your vicegerent (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Hujjat-Allah_al-Mahdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi">Imam Mahdi</a>), and grant him vitality and victory. <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Usually recited by Shia Muslims)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phrases_and_expressions">Phrases and expressions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phrases and expressions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are numerous conventional phrases and expressions invoking God. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th style="width:50%;">Phrase</th> <th style="width:30%;">Citation <br />(Quran or <i>Sunnah</i>) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbir</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَكْبِير</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>allāhu ʾakbar<sup><small>u</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">9:72, 29:45, 40:10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>God is greater [than all things] </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Subhan_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhan Allah">Tasbih</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَسْبِيح</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>subḥāna llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">23:91, 28:68, 37:159, 52:43, 59:23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّٰهِ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Glory to God </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Tahmid</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَحْمِيد</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>al-ḥamdu li-llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">1:2, 6:1, 6:45, 7:43, 10:10, 14:39, 16:75, 17:111, 18:1, 23:28, 27:15, 27:59, 27:93, 29:63, 31:25, 34:1, 35:1, 35:34, 37:182, 39:29, 39:74, 39:75, 40:65 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Praise be to God </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Tahlil" title="Tahlil">Tahlil</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَهْلِيل</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh<sup><small>u</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">37:38, 47:19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>There is no deity but God </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahadatayn</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شَهَادَتَيْن</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>muḥammadun rasūlu llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">48:29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muhammad is the messenger of God </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Basmala" title="Basmala">Tasmiyah</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَسْمِيَّة</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>bi-smi llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm<sup><small>i</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">1:1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ</span></span> <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Inshallah" title="Inshallah">Inshallah</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ʾin shāʾa llāh<sup><small>u</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">2:70, 12:99, 18:69, 28:27, 48:27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>If God wills </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Mashallah" title="Mashallah">Mashallah</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>mā shāʾa llāh<sup><small>u</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">6:128, 7:188, 10:49, 18:39, 87:7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>What God wills </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Peace_be_upon_him_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace be upon him (Islam)">Alayhi as-Salam</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>salāmu -llāhi ʿalayh<sup><small>ī</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ</span></span> <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blessing of God be upon him </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">Salawat</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صَلَوَات</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-ʾālihī wa-sallam<sup><small>a</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ</span></span> <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>God bless him and give him salvation </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Rahimahullah" title="Rahimahullah">Rahimahullah</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>raḥimahu llāh<sup><small>u</small></sup></i> / <i>raḥimaka llāh<sup><small>u</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ / رَحِمَكَ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>God have mercy upon him / God have mercy upon you </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Istighfar" title="Istighfar">Istighfar</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱسْتِغْفَار</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ʾastaġfiru llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">12:98, 19:47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أَسْتَغْفِرُ ٱللَّٰهَ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I seek forgiveness from God </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Hawqala" title="Hawqala">Hawqalah</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حَوْقَلَة</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ʾlā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunnah.com/riyadussaliheen/16/36">Riyad as-Salihin 16:36</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِٱللَّٰهِ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>There is no might nor power except in God </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Inna_Lillahi_wa_inna_ilaihi_raji%27un" class="mw-redirect" title="Inna Lillahi wa inna ilaihi raji'un">Istirja</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱسْتِرْجَاع</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ʾinnā li-llāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilayhi rājiʿūn<sup><small>a</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">2:156, 2:46, 2:156 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إِنَّا لِلَّٰهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indeed, (we belong) to God and indeed to Him we shall return </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Jazakallah" title="Jazakallah">Jazakallah</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جَزَاكَ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>jazāka llāhu ḫayran</i></td> <td rowspan="3"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunnah.com/riyadussaliheen/17/32">Riyad as-Salihin 17:32</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/27/141">Tirmidhi 27:141</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunnah.com/bukhari/7/3">Bukhari 7:3</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جَزَاكَ ٱللَّٰهُ خَيْرًا</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>May God reward you well </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Karram-Allah-u_Wajhahu" title="Karram-Allah-u Wajhahu">Karram-Allah-u Wajhahu</a>]<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كرم الله وجهه</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كرم الله وجهه</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>May God exalt his face </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Ta%27awwudh" title="Ta'awwudh">Ta'awwudh</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَعَوُّذ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ʾaʿūḏu bi-llāhi mina š-šayṭāni r-rajīm<sup><small>i</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunnah.com/riyadussaliheen/1/46">Riyad as-Salihin 1:46</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أَعُوذُ بِٱللَّٰهِ مِنَ ٱلشَّيْطَانِ ٱلرَّجِيمِ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I seek refuge with God from the pelted <a href="/wiki/Devil_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Devil (Islam)">Satan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Fi_sabilillah" title="Fi sabilillah">Fi sabilillah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>fī sabīli llāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3">2:154, 2:190, 2:195, 2:218, 2:244, 2:246, etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّٰهِ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>in the cause (way) of God </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Islam#Y" title="Glossary of Islam">Yarhamuka-llah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>yarḥamuka llāh<sup><small>u</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunnah.com/">Bukhari 78:248</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunnah.com/riyadussaliheen/6/35">Riyad as-Salihin 6:35</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">يَرْحَمُكَ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>May God have mercy on you </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:Ivory;" colspan="3"><span class="anchor" id="Honorifics"></span>Honorifics often said or written alongside <i>Allah</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><i>Subhanahu wa-Ta'ala</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>subḥānahu wa-taʿālā</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="3">6:100, 10:18, 16:1, 17:43, 30:40, 39:67 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Praised and exalted<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><i>Tabaraka wa-Ta'ala</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tabāraka wa-taʿālā</i></td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَىٰ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blessed and exalted </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><i>Jalla Jalalah</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>jalla jalālah<sup><small>u</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جَلَّ جَلَالَهُ</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>May His glory be glorified </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><i>Azza wa Jall</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ʿazza wa-jall<sup><small>a</small></sup></i></td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَزَّ وَجَلَّ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prestigious and Majestic </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recitation_of_Quran">Recitation of Quran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Recitation of Quran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reciting the Quran sincerely is also considered a kind of Dhikr. For example: </p> <ul><li>Reciting <a href="/wiki/Al-Ikhlas" title="Al-Ikhlas">Surah al-Ikhlas</a> (112) is equal to one-third of the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reciting Surah al-Ikhlas (112) 10 times gives a palace in Heaven, and 20 times grants two palaces.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reciting <a href="/wiki/Al-Kafirun" title="Al-Kafirun">Surah al-Kafirun</a> (109) is equal to one-fourth of the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reciting <a href="/wiki/An-Nasr" title="An-Nasr">Surah an-Nasr</a> (110) is equal to one-fourth of the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reciting <a href="/wiki/Al-Zalzalah" title="Al-Zalzalah">Surah az-Zalzalah</a> (99) is equal to half of the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quranic_ayat_and_hadiths">Quranic ayat and hadiths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Quranic ayat and hadiths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Dua</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quranic_ayat">Quranic ayat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Quranic ayat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"It is truly I. I am Allah! There is no god [worthy of worship] except Me. So worship Me [alone], and establish prayer for My remembrance" — <a href="/wiki/Ta-Ha" title="Ta-Ha">Surah Taha</a>, Ayah 14<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"O believers! Always remember Allah often" — Surah Al- Ahzab, Ayah 41<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the day and night there are signs for people of reason. [They are] those who remember Allah while standing, sitting, and lying on their sides, and reflect on the creation of the heavens and the earth [and pray], 'Our Lord! You have not created [all of] this without purpose. Glory be to You! Protect us from the torment of the Fire'" — <a href="/wiki/Al_Imran" title="Al Imran">Surah Al 'Imran</a>, Ayat 190-191<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadiths">Hadiths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hadiths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Narrated by <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Darda" title="Abu al-Darda">Abu Al-Darda</a> that the Messenger of Allah said:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:lavender;;background:none;font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Quran" title="History of the Quran">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wa%E1%B8%A5y" title="Waḥy">Waḥy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_first_revelation" title="Muhammad's first revelation">First revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbab_al-Nuzul" title="Asbab al-Nuzul">Asbab al-Nuzul</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Quran" title="Historical reliability of the Quran">Historicity</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Manuscripts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samarkand_Kufic_Quran" title="Samarkand Kufic Quran">Samarkand Kufic Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaa_manuscript" title="Sanaa manuscript">Sanaa manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topkapi_manuscript" title="Topkapi manuscript">Topkapi manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Quran_manuscript" title="Birmingham Quran manuscript">Birmingham manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Mashhad" title="Codex Mashhad">Codex Mashhad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Divisions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surah" title="Surah">Surah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chapters_in_the_Quran" title="List of chapters in the Quran">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meccan_surah" title="Meccan surah">Meccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medinan_surah" title="Medinan surah">Medinan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80yah" title="Āyah">Āyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juz%27" title="Juz'">Juz'</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muqatta%CA%BFat" title="Muqattaʿat">Muqatta'at</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Content</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quranic_counter-discourse" title="Quranic counter-discourse">Quranic counter-discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-referential_discourse_of_the_Quran" title="Self-referential discourse of the Quran">Self-referential discourse of the Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranic_cosmology" title="Quranic cosmology">Quranic cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punishment_narratives_in_the_Quran" title="Punishment narratives in the Quran">Punishment narratives in the Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara_256" title="Al-Baqara 256">No compulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Quran" title="Women in the Quran">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam#Qur'an" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran_and_miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran and miracles">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranic_parables" title="Quranic parables">Parables</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science#Science_and_the_Quran" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Quran_reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran reading">Reading</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%81ri%CA%BE" title="Qāriʾ">Qāriʾ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_(Quran)" title="Hafiz (Quran)">Hifz</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajwid" title="Tajwid">Tajwid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarteel" title="Tarteel">Tarteel</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahruf" title="Ahruf">Ahruf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qira%27at" title="Qira'at">Qira'at</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Quran_translations" title="Quran translations">Translations</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translations_of_the_Quran" title="List of translations of the Quran">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_translations_of_the_Quran" title="Ahmadiyya translations of the Quran">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran_translations_into_Bengali" title="Quran translations into Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_translations_of_the_Quran" title="English translations of the Quran">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran_translations_into_Hebrew" title="Quran translations into Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Exegesis</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tafsir_works" title="List of tafsir works">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranic_hermeneutics" title="Quranic hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_interpretation_of_the_Quran" title="Esoteric interpretation of the Quran">Esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naskh_(tafsir)" title="Naskh (tafsir)">Abrogation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical parallels</a></li></ul> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_related_to_Quranic_verses" title="List of people related to Quranic verses">Related persons</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Mentioned by name</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Characteristics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I%27jaz" title="I'jaz">I'jaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranic_inerrancy" title="Quranic inerrancy">Inerrancy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding-top:0.15em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.1em 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_imitations_of_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Attempted imitations of the Quran">Attempted imitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith_of_the_Quran_and_Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadith of the Quran and Sunnah">Quran and Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_view_of_the_Quran" title="Shia view of the Quran">Shi’a view</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Quran" 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>"Shall I tell you about the best of deeds, the most pure in the Sight of your Lord, about the one that is of the highest order and is far better for you than spending gold and silver, even better for you than meeting your enemies in the battlefield where you strike at their necks and they at yours?" The companions replied, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah!" He replied, 'Remembrance of Allah." </p><p>—<a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Tirmidhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih al-Tirmidhi">Jami Al-Tirmidhi</a> 3337<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narrated by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hurayra" title="Abu Hurayra">Abu Hurairah</a> that the Messenger of Allah said: </p><p>"People will not sit in an assembly in which they remember Allah without the angels surrounding them, mercy covering them, and Allah mentioning them among those who are with Him." </p><p>— <a href="/wiki/Bulugh_al-Maram" title="Bulugh al-Maram">Bulugh Al-Maram</a>: Book 16, Hadith 1540<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narrated by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hurayra" title="Abu Hurayra">Abu Hurairah</a> that the Messenger of Allah said: </p><p>"Lo! Indeed the world is cursed. What is in it is cursed, except for remembrance of Allah, what is conducive to that, the knowledgeable person and the learning person." </p><p>—Jami Al-Tirmidhi 2322<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narrated by Abdullah bin Busr that the Messenger of Allah said: </p><p>"'Always keep your tongue moist with the remembrance of Allah, the Mighty and Sublime.'" </p><p>—<a href="/wiki/Sunan_ibn_Majah" title="Sunan ibn Majah">Sunan Ibn Majah</a> 3793<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narrated by Mu'adh ibn Jabal that the Messenger of Allah said: </p><p>"The People of Paradise will not regret except one thing alone: the house that passed them by and in which they made no remembrance of Allah." </p><p>—Shu'ab al-Iman: Book 1, Hadith 392<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tasbih_of_Fatimah">Tasbih of Fatimah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tasbih of Fatimah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> is reported to have taught his daughter <a href="/wiki/Fatimah_bint_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimah bint Muhammad">Fatimah bint Rasul Allah</a> a special manner of Dhikr which is known as the "<a href="/wiki/Tasbih_of_Fatimah" title="Tasbih of Fatimah">Tasbih of Fatimah</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:12_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This consists of: </p> <ol><li>33 repetitions of <a href="/wiki/Subhan_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhan Allah">subḥāna -llah<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّٰهِ</span></span>), meaning "Glorified is God". This saying is known as <b><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbih</a></b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَسْبِيح</span></span>).</li> <li>33 repetitions of <a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">al-ḥamdu lillāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ</span></span>), meaning "All Praise belongs to God". This saying is known as <b><a href="/wiki/Tahmid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahmid">Tahmid</a></b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَحْمِيد</span></span>).</li> <li>34 repetitions of <a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">ʾallāhu ʾakbar<sup><small>u</small></sup></a> (ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ), meaning "God is Greater [than everything]". This saying is known as <b><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbir</a></b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَكْبِير</span></span>).</li></ol> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> way</b> of doing the <i>Tasbih of Fatimah</i><sup id="cite_ref-:12_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is: </p> <ol><li>34 repetitions of <a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">ʾallāhu ʾakbar<sup><small>u</small></sup></a> (ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ), meaning "God is Greater [than everything]". This saying is known as <b><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbir</a></b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَكْبِير</span></span>).</li> <li>33 repetitions of <a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">al-ḥamdu lillāh<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ</span></span>), meaning "All Praise belongs to God". This saying is known as <b><a href="/wiki/Tahmid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahmid">Tahmid</a></b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَحْمِيد</span></span>).</li> <li>33 repetitions of <a href="/wiki/Subhan_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhan Allah">subḥāna -llah<sup><small>i</small></sup></a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّٰهِ</span></span>), meaning "Glorified is God". This saying is known as <b><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbih</a></b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَسْبِيح</span></span>).</li> <li>Saying one time at the end: La ilaha il Allah (There is no god but Allah).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prayer_beads">Prayer beads</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Prayer beads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Tasbih.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/White_Tasbih.jpg/220px-White_Tasbih.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/White_Tasbih.jpg/330px-White_Tasbih.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/White_Tasbih.jpg/440px-White_Tasbih.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>An example of a <a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbih</a> that Muslims use to track their count for dhikr.</figcaption></figure> <p>Like many other religions, the use of rosaries is also recommended when remembering God. Since it can get difficult to keep track of the counting of the prayers, the beads are used to keep track so that the person reciting the prayer can turn all of their focus on what is actually being said - as it can become difficult to concentrate simultaneously on the number and phrasing when one is doing so a substantial number of times.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, as dhikr involves the repetition of particular phrases a specific number of times, prayer beads are used to keep track of the count. </p><p>Known also as <i><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbih</a></i>, these are usually <i><a href="/wiki/Misbaha" title="Misbaha">Misbaha</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Prayer_beads" title="Prayer beads">prayer beads</a>) upon a string, 33, 99, or 100 in number, which correspond to the names of God in Islam and other recitations. The beads are used to keep track of the number of recitations that make up the dhikr.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, Muslim inmates are allowed to utilize <a href="/wiki/Prayer_beads" title="Prayer beads">prayer beads</a> for therapeutic effects.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Alameen v. Coughlin, 892 F. Supp. 440 (E.D.N.Y 1995), Imam Hamzah S. Alameen, a/k/a Gilbert Henry, and Robert Golden brought suit against Thomas A. Coughlin III, etc., et alia (Head of the Department of Corrections) in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">State of New York</a> pursuant to 42 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">USC</a> Section 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plaintiffs argued that prisoners have a <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_right" title="Constitutional right">Constitutional right</a> to pursue Islamic healing therapy called KASM (قاسَمَهُ | qaasama | taking an oath ) which uses <a href="/wiki/Prayer_beads" title="Prayer beads">prayer beads</a>. The rosary of oaths, which Alameen developed, was used to successfully rehabilitate inmates suffering from co-occurring mental health challenges and substance abuse issues during the 1990s. All people, including Muslims and Catholics, were allowed to use <a href="/wiki/Prayer_beads" title="Prayer beads">prayer beads</a> inside prisons, lest their freedom of religion be violated when the prison administration forbade their possession as contraband in the penal system. The practice of carrying <a href="/wiki/Prayer_beads" title="Prayer beads">prayer beads</a> became controversial when gang members began carrying specific colors of <a href="/wiki/Prayer_beads" title="Prayer beads">prayer beads</a> to identify themselves<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dhakir">Dhakir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dhakir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maddahs_meeting_Ali_Khamenei_(13951229_6736010).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Maddahs_meeting_Ali_Khamenei_%2813951229_6736010%29.jpg/220px-Maddahs_meeting_Ali_Khamenei_%2813951229_6736010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Maddahs_meeting_Ali_Khamenei_%2813951229_6736010%29.jpg/330px-Maddahs_meeting_Ali_Khamenei_%2813951229_6736010%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Maddahs_meeting_Ali_Khamenei_%2813951229_6736010%29.jpg/440px-Maddahs_meeting_Ali_Khamenei_%2813951229_6736010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A group of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Maddah_(religious_singer)" title="Maddah (religious singer)">Maddahs</a>/Dhakirs, in a gathering</figcaption></figure> <p>A "dhakir" (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ذَاكِر</span></span>) or "Zaker" (literally "mentioner"' a speaker who refers to something briefly/incidentally),<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or reminder,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is considered a maddah who reminds the remembering of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> (and His Dhikr) for people, and he himself should also be reciter of dhikhr; namely, not only he ought to be a recital of Dhikr, but also he should put the audience in the situation of dhikr reminding (of Allah and likewise <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Idiomatically, the term means "praiser of God" or "professional narrator of the tragedies of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">Karbala</a> (and Ahl al-Bayt)". To some extent, it can mean Maddah/panegyrist too.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The root of the word "Dhakir" (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ذَاكِر</span></span>) is "Dhikr" (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ذِكْر</span></span>) which means remembering/praising; and the word "Dhakiri" (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ذَاكِرِيّ</span></span>) is the act which is done by Dhakir, i.e. mentioning the Dhikr (of Allah, the Ahl al-Bayt, etc.) by observing its specific principles/manners.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sufi_practice">Sufi practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sufi practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Followers of <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> have two main ways of engaging in dhikr: silent and vocal dhikr. Silent dhikr has been considered by many Sufi practitioners to be the best form of dhikr, where dhikr is done silently and in one position without moving the body.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method of dhikr allowed it to be done whenever one could, and it avoided showing off as it was privately done. Among the biggest advocates for silent dhikr was <a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha' al-Dïn Naqshband</a>, and his form of dhikr "...required the practitioners to force internal energy into different parts within the body through concentrating the mind and regulating the breath. This was to be undertaken while repeating the verbal formula that constitutes the Islamic profession of faith: 'there is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God'".<sup id="cite_ref-:23_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each word in the verbal statement was for a specific part of the body, such as the navel or the upper chest. </p><p>The other form of Sufi dhikr is vocal dhikr performed using the tongue and body, where showing off is not considered a primary concern. This dhikr could be done privately or within a group, and like the Naqshband dhikr, it emphasized having the verbal invocations ripple throughout the body.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to the Naqshband practice of dhikr, where specific words were for specific locations of the body, exists the 'four-beat' (chahar iarb) dhikr that is attributed the <a href="/wiki/Kubravi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubravi">Kubravï</a> master <a href="/wiki/Mir_Sayyid_Ali_Hamadani" title="Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani">'Alï Hamadanï</a>. </p><p>Sufis often engage in ritualized dhikr ceremonies that have stemmed from these two types of dhikr, the details of which vary between Sufi orders or <i><a href="/wiki/Tariqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariqah">tariqah</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of this is the initiation of an applicant, where the repetition of dhikr is a necessary component in the ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each order, or lineage within an order, has one or more forms for group dhikr, the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a> of which may include <a href="/wiki/Quran_reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran reading">recitation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">singing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_and_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam and clothing">costumes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense" title="Religious use of incense">incense</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Muraqaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Muraqaba">muraqaba</a></i> (meditation), <a href="/wiki/Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">ecstasy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Altered_state_of_consciousness" title="Altered state of consciousness">trance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common terms for the forms of litany employed include "hizb" (<i>pl.</i> "ahzab"), "wird" (<i>pl.</i> "awrad") and <a href="/wiki/Durood" class="mw-redirect" title="Durood">durood</a>. An example of a popular work of litany is <a href="/wiki/Dala%27il_al-Khayrat" title="Dala'il al-Khayrat">Dala'il al-Khayrat</a>. Another type of group dhikr ceremony that is most commonly performed in <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab countries</a> is called the <a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">haḍra</a> (<i>lit</i>. presence).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A haḍra can draw upon secular <a href="/wiki/Arabic_music" title="Arabic music">Arab genres</a> and typically last for hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Touma,_p.165_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Touma,_p.165-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, <a href="/wiki/Sema" class="mw-redirect" title="Sema">sama</a>` (<i>lit</i>. audition) is a type of group ceremony that consists mostly of recited spiritual poetry and Quranic recitation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revelations_and_prophetic_messages">Revelations and prophetic messages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Revelations and prophetic messages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/William_Chittick" title="William Chittick">William Chittick</a>, "The Koran commonly refers to the knowledge brought by the prophets as “remembrance” (dhikr) and “reminder” (dhikra, tadhkir), terms that derive from the root dh-k-r".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200063_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick200063-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These terms appear more than forty times in the Quran to describe the Quran itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200063_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick200063-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the Quran refers to itself as "The Wise Reminder" (al-dhikr al-ḥakīm) in 3:58,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015147_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015147-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "a Reminder for the believers" (dhikra Lil mu'minin) in 7:2,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015407_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015407-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "The reminder for the worlds" (dhikra Lil 'alamin) in 6:90.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015373_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015373-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> himself is described in 88:21 as a "reminder" ("So remind! thou art but a reminder").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard20151508_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard20151508-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same terms are also used to refer to other prophetic messages such as the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200063_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick200063-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that vein, the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> are thus referred to as "the people of the Reminder" (ahl al dhikr) (16:43, 21:7).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015129,_811_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015129,_811-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quran justifies the sending of numerous prophets by God by stating that human beings, similar to their forefather <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, have a <a href="/wiki/Ghaflah" title="Ghaflah">propensity to forget and become heedless</a>. The key to confronting this shortcoming is the remembrance that God conveys through his prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200063_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick200063-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Islamic beliefs, prophets have the function of reminding (dhikr) people of what they already know, while humans only need to remember (dhikr) their <a href="/wiki/Fitra" title="Fitra">innate knowledge of God</a>. This knowledge is said to be present in the <a href="/wiki/Ruh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruh">divine spirit</a> that God breathed into Adam, as the Quran states that God molded Adam's clay with His own hands and blew into him His own spirit (32:9, 15:29, 38:72).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick199897–98_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick199897–98-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick198917_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick198917-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[The message of Islam] is a call for recollection, for the remembrance of a knowledge kneaded into the very substance of our being even before our coming into this world. In a famous verse that defines the relationship between human beings and God, the Quran, in referring to the pre-cosmic existence of man, states, “‘Am I not your Lord?’ They said: ‘Yes, we bear witness’” (7:172). The “they” refers to all the children of Adam, male and female, and the “yes” confirms the affirmation of God’s Oneness by us in our pre-eternal ontological reality. Men and women still bear the echo of this “yes” deep down within their souls, and the call of Islam is precisely to this primordial nature, which uttered the “yes” even before the creation of the heavens and the earth. The call of Islam, therefore, concerns, above all, the remembrance of a knowledge deeply embedded in our being, the confirmation of a knowledge that saves, hence the soteriological function of knowledge in Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrChittick200745_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrChittick200745-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/William_Chittick" title="William Chittick">William Chittick</a>, <i>The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr</i>, 2007</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The Quran also highlights that God called upon all souls to witness His lordship, so that no one can plead ignorance on the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Day of Judgment</a>: ""Lest you say on the Day of Resurrection, "As for us, we were heedless of this," or lest you say, "Our fathers associated others with God before us, and we were their offspring after them. What, wilt Thou destroy us for what the vain-doers did?"" (7:172-73).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurataChittick1996127_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurataChittick1996127-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Quran uses the term "dhikr" to refer to both the reminder that comes from God through the prophets and the response of humans to that reminder. This word reflects a two-way communication process between the Divine and the human. The prophets deliver the message of God, which is intended to serve as a reminder to humans, and humans respond to it by remembering and acknowledging it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200249_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick200249-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the Quran clarifies that "dhikr" as the human response to God's reminder is not limited to merely acknowledging the truth of <a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">tawhid</a> (the oneness of God). Rather, the term "dhikr" also means "to mention." Thus, on the human side, "dhikr" involves not only being aware of God's presence but also expressing that awareness through language, whether spoken or unspoken. Therefore, "dhikr" encompasses both the inner state of being mindful of God and the outer expression of that mindfulness through verbal or nonverbal means.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200249_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick200249-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As-salamu_alaykum" title="As-salamu alaykum">As-salamu alaykum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">Salat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabr_(Islamic_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabr (Islamic term)">Sabr (Islamic term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhan" title="Adhan">Adhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashahhud" title="Tashahhud">Tashahhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also spelled <i><b>thikr</b></i>, <i><b>zikr</b></i>, <i><b>zekr</b></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Modarresi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modarresi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><b>zikar</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dua_and_Adhkar_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dua_and_Adhkar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Modarresi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Modarresi_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Modarresi" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Taqi_al-Modarresi" title="Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi">Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi</a> (26 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802163247/http://almodarresi.com/en/books/pdf/TheLawsofIslam.pdf"><i>The Laws of Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Enlight Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0994240989" title="Special:BookSources/978-0994240989"><bdi>978-0994240989</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://almodarresi.com/en/books/pdf/TheLawsofIslam.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Laws+of+Islam&rft.pub=Enlight+Press&rft.date=2016-03-26&rft.isbn=978-0994240989&rft.au=Mohammad+Taqi+al-Modarresi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falmodarresi.com%2Fen%2Fbooks%2Fpdf%2FTheLawsofIslam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dua_and_Adhkar-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dua_and_Adhkar_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duaandazkar.com/chapter-2-evening-azkar">"Evening Azkar"</a>. <i>Dua and Adhkar</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dua+and+Adhkar&rft.atitle=Evening+Azkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duaandazkar.com%2Fchapter-2-evening-azkar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/mishkat:2264">"Mishkat al-Masabih 2264 - Supplications - كتاب الدعوات - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Mishkat+al-Masabih+2264+-+Supplications+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fmishkat%3A2264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50280143"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Islam</i></a>. John L. Esposito. New York: Oxford University Press. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-512558-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-512558-4"><bdi>0-19-512558-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50280143">50280143</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Islam&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50280143&rft.isbn=0-19-512558-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F50280143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJalal_al-Din_al-Rumi1983" class="citation book cs1">Jalal al-Din al-Rumi (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9196745"><i>The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi</i></a>. William C. Chittick. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87395-723-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87395-723-7"><bdi>0-87395-723-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9196745">9196745</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sufi+Path+of+Love%3A+The+Spiritual+Teachings+of+Rumi&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9196745&rft.isbn=0-87395-723-7&rft.au=Jalal+al-Din+al-Rumi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F9196745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris2014" class="citation journal cs1">Morris, Julia (2014-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162/AFAR_a_00121">"Baay Fall Sufi Da'iras: Voicing Identity Through Acoustic Communities"</a>. <i>African Arts</i>. <b>47</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">42–</span>53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FAFAR_a_00121">10.1162/AFAR_a_00121</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-9933">0001-9933</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57563314">57563314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Arts&rft.atitle=Baay+Fall+Sufi+Da%27iras%3A+Voicing+Identity+Through+Acoustic+Communities&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57563314%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0001-9933&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FAFAR_a_00121&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1162%2FAFAR_a_00121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLe_Gall2005" class="citation book cs1">Le Gall, Dina (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yv-KrpzZYiYC&pg=PA117"><i>A Culture of Sufism: Naqshbandis in the Ottoman World, 1450-1700</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791462454" title="Special:BookSources/9780791462454"><bdi>9780791462454</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Culture+of+Sufism%3A+Naqshbandis+in+the+Ottoman+World%2C+1450-1700&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780791462454&rft.aulast=Le+Gall&rft.aufirst=Dina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyv-KrpzZYiYC%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/399624"><i>The encyclopaedia of Islam</i></a>. H. A. R. Gibb, P. J. Bearman. Leiden: Brill. 1960–2009. pp. <span class="nowrap">223–</span>224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-16121-X" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-16121-X"><bdi>90-04-16121-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/399624">399624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopaedia+of+Islam.&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E223-%3C%2Fspan%3E224&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1960%2F2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F399624&rft.isbn=90-04-16121-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F399624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick200063-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200063_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200063_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200063_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200063_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200063_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChittick2000">Chittick 2000</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D18%3Averse%3D24">18:24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D33%3Averse%3D41">33:41</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quran1328-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quran1328_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D13%3Averse%3D28">13:28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEngineer2021" class="citation journal cs1">Engineer, Irfan (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mu.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/92-107-Sufism-In-the-Spirit-of-the-Eastern-Spiritual-Traditions.-Irfan-Engineer.pdf">"Sufism: In the Spirit of Eastern Spiritual Traditions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sambhāṣaṇ</i>. <b>2</b> (1 and 2) – via Center for the Study of Society & Secularism.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sambh%C4%81%E1%B9%A3a%E1%B9%87&rft.atitle=Sufism%3A+In+the+Spirit+of+Eastern+Spiritual+Traditions&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1+and+2&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Engineer&rft.aufirst=Irfan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmu.ac.in%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F08%2F92-107-Sufism-In-the-Spirit-of-the-Eastern-Spiritual-Traditions.-Irfan-Engineer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAli2017" class="citation journal cs1">Ali, Mukhtar (2017-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/43247510">"The Power of the Spoken Word Prayer, Invocation, and Supplication in Islam"</a>. <i>Spirituality and the Good Life: Philosophical Approaches</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316459461.009">10.1017/9781316459461.009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spirituality+and+the+Good+Life%3A+Philosophical+Approaches&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+the+Spoken+Word+Prayer%2C+Invocation%2C+and+Supplication+in+Islam&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316459461.009&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Mukhtar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F43247510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yaqeeninstitute.org/omar-suleiman/deeper-into-dhikr-a-companion-guide">"Deeper into Dhikr: A Companion Guide"</a>. <i>Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yaqeen+Institute+for+Islamic+Research&rft.atitle=Deeper+into+Dhikr%3A+A+Companion+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyaqeeninstitute.org%2Fomar-suleiman%2Fdeeper-into-dhikr-a-companion-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The phrase is encoded at <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> code point <a href="/wiki/Arabic_Presentation_Forms-A" title="Arabic Presentation Forms-A">U+FDFD</a> ﷽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The phrase is encoded as a <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligature</a> at <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> code point <a href="/wiki/Arabic_Presentation_Forms-A" title="Arabic Presentation Forms-A">FDFA</a> ﷺ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrob2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Grob, Eva Mira (2010). <i>Documentary Arabic private and business letters on papyrus: form and function, content and context</i> (Thesis). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110247046" title="Special:BookSources/9783110247046"><bdi>9783110247046</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Documentary+Arabic+private+and+business+letters+on+papyrus%3A+form+and+function%2C+content+and+context&rft.inst=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9783110247046&rft.aulast=Grob&rft.aufirst=Eva+Mira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Often abbreviated "SWT" or "swt".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrob2010" class="citation book cs1">Grob, Eva Mira (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yTSOUNIHJiwC&pg=PA26"><i>Documentary Arabic private and business letters on papyrus: form and function, content and context</i></a>. New York, N.Y.: De Gruyter. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3110247046" title="Special:BookSources/978-3110247046"><bdi>978-3110247046</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documentary+Arabic+private+and+business+letters+on+papyrus%3A+form+and+function%2C+content+and+context&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3110247046&rft.aulast=Grob&rft.aufirst=Eva+Mira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyTSOUNIHJiwC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2011" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Gabriel Said, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6dqoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA259"><i>New perspectives on the Qur'an: The Qur'an in its historical context 2</i></a>. London: Routledge. p. 259. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136700781" title="Special:BookSources/978-1136700781"><bdi>978-1136700781</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+perspectives+on+the+Qur%27an%3A+The+Qur%27an+in+its+historical+context+2&rft.place=London&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1136700781&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6dqoAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The phrase is encoded as a <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligature</a> at <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> code point <a href="/wiki/Arabic_Presentation_Forms-A" title="Arabic Presentation Forms-A">U+FDFB</a> ﷻ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:5013">"Sahih al-Bukhari 5013 - Virtues of the Qur'an - كتاب فضائل القرآن - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Sahih+al-Bukhari+5013+-+Virtues+of+the+Qur%27an+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fbukhari%3A5013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/mishkat:2185">"Mishkat al-Masabih 2185 - The Excellent Qualities of the Qur'an - كتاب فضائل القرآن - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Mishkat+al-Masabih+2185+-+The+Excellent+Qualities+of+the+Qur%27an+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fmishkat%3A2185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2893">"Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2893 - Chapters on The Virtues of the Qur'an - كتاب ثواب القرآن عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Jami%27+at-Tirmidhi+2893+-+Chapters+on+The+Virtues+of+the+Qur%27an+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Ftirmidhi%3A2893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2895">"Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2895 - Chapters on The Virtues of the Qur'an - كتاب ثواب القرآن عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Jami%27+at-Tirmidhi+2895+-+Chapters+on+The+Virtues+of+the+Qur%27an+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Ftirmidhi%3A2895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Tafsir Ibn Kathir</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tafsir+Ibn+Kathir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/taha">"Surah Taha - 1-135"</a>. <i>Quran.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quran.com&rft.atitle=Surah+Taha+-+1-135&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquran.com%2Ftaha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/al-ahzab/41">"Surah Al-Ahzab - 41"</a>. <i>Quran.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quran.com&rft.atitle=Surah+Ali+%27Imran+-+1-200&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquran.com%2Fali-imran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:3377">"Jami' at-Tirmidhi 3377 - Chapters on Supplication - كتاب الدعوات عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Jami%27+at-Tirmidhi+3377+-+Chapters+on+Supplication+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Ftirmidhi%3A3377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bulugh/16/104#:~:text=Abu%20Hurairah%20(RAA)%20narrated%20that,Him.%E2%80%9D%20Related%20by%20Muslim.">"Hadith - The Comprehensive Book - Bulugh al-Maram - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Hadith+-+The+Comprehensive+Book+-+Bulugh+al-Maram+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fbulugh%2F16%2F104%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAbu%2520Hurairah%2520%28RAA%29%2520narrated%2520that%2CHim.%25E2%2580%259D%2520Related%2520by%2520Muslim.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2322">"Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2322 - Chapters On Zuhd - كتاب الزهد عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Jami%27+at-Tirmidhi+2322+-+Chapters+On+Zuhd+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Ftirmidhi%3A2322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/ibnmajah:3793">"Sunan Ibn Majah 3793 - Etiquette - كتاب الأدب - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Sunan+Ibn+Majah+3793+-+Etiquette+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fibnmajah%3A3793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.org/2008/07/18/dhikr-remembrance-of-god/">"Dhikr, remembrance of God — As-Sunnah Foundation of America"</a>. <i>sunnah.org</i>. 18 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.org&rft.atitle=Dhikr%2C+remembrance+of+God+%E2%80%94+As-Sunnah+Foundation+of+America&rft.date=2008-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.org%2F2008%2F07%2F18%2Fdhikr-remembrance-of-god%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:1459">"Riyad as-Salihin 1459 - The Book of the Remembrance of Allah - كتاب الأذكار - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Riyad+as-Salihin+1459+-+The+Book+of+the+Remembrance+of+Allah+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Friyadussalihin%3A1459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKelly2004" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Elizabeth (2004). <i>The Rosary: A Path into Prayer</i> (1st ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Loyola Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0829420241" title="Special:BookSources/978-0829420241"><bdi>978-0829420241</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rosary%3A+A+Path+into+Prayer&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Loyola+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0829420241&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGibb1960–2009" class="citation book cs1">Gibb, H. A. R. (1960–2009). <i>The encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">223–</span>224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-16121-X" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-16121-X"><bdi>90-04-16121-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E223-%3C%2Fspan%3E224&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1960%2F2009&rft.isbn=90-04-16121-X&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=H.+A.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311210028/http://www.law.buffalo.edu/Academics/courses/704/prisonlaw/readings/9alameen.html">"United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.buffalo.edu/Academics/courses/704/prisonlaw/readings/9alameen.html">the original</a> on March 11, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+District+Court+for+the+Eastern+District+of+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.buffalo.edu%2FAcademics%2Fcourses%2F704%2Fprisonlaw%2Freadings%2F9alameen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/892/440/2294928/">"Alameen v. Coughlin, 892 F. Supp. 440 (E.D.N.Y. 1995)"</a>. <i>Justia Law</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Justia+Law&rft.atitle=Alameen+v.+Coughlin%2C+892+F.+Supp.+440+%28E.D.N.Y.+1995%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fdistrict-courts%2FFSupp%2F892%2F440%2F2294928%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/mentioner">Mentioner (in dictionary)</a> vocabulary.com Retrieved 12 Jan 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.definitions.net/definition/mentioner">Definitions for mentioner</a> definitions.net Retrieved 12 Jan 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vajehyab.com/amid/%D8%B0%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1">Dhakir</a> vajehyab.com Retrieved 12 Jan 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maddahi.com/?p=494">The definition of Dhakiri</a> maddahi.com Retrieved 12 Jan 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vajehyab.com/moein/%D8%B0%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1">(The meaning of) Dhakir</a> vajehyab.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.abadis.ir/fatofa/%D8%B0%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1/">Dhakir (meaning of)</a> dictionary.abadis.ir Retrieved 12 Jan 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estejab.com/contents/168221/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B0%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C">Rules/principles of Dhakiri</a> estejab.com Retrieved 12 Jan 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maddahi.com/?p=91">The rules and principles of Dhakiri</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190409230948/http://www.maddahi.com/?p=91">Archived</a> 2019-04-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> maddahi.com Retrieved 12 Jan 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bayanbox.ir/view/4173018313780975921/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C.%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84.pdf">Rules and principles of Dhakiri</a> bayanbox.ir Retrieved 12 Jan 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:22_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eifring, Halvor, and Shahzad Bashir. “Movement and Stillness: The Practice of Sufi Dhikr in Fourteenth-Century Central Asia.” <i>Meditation in Judaism, Christianity and Islam: Cultural Histories</i>, Bloomsbury Press, New York, NY, 2013, pp. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:23_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eifring, Halvor, and Shahzad Bashir. “Movement and Stillness: The Practice of Sufi Dhikr in Fourteenth-Century Central Asia.” <i>Meditation in Judaism, Christianity and Islam: Cultural Histories</i>, Bloomsbury Press, New York, NY, 2013, pp. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriedlander1975" class="citation book cs1">Friedlander, Ira (1975). <i>The Whirling Dervishes</i>. Albany, NY: Macmillan. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-541540-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-541540-9"><bdi>0-02-541540-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Whirling+Dervishes&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-02-541540-9&rft.aulast=Friedlander&rft.aufirst=Ira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Touma, p.162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In earlier orders, the "presence" referred to was that of God, but since the 18th century it has been considered to be the spiritual presence of Muhammad (John L. Esposito, "Hadrah." The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Web. 3 Apr. 2010.) The shifting focus, however, is not shared by all and is a result of the Sufi reforms, which sought to mitigate the heretical belief of <a href="/wiki/Theopanism" title="Theopanism">theopanism</a> committed by some Sufi claimants through a greater focus on the spirit and active life of Muhammad instead of a metaphorical union with God.(Ira Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies, p. 210)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Touma,_p.165-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Touma,_p.165_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Touma, p.165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015147-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015147_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015">Nasr et al. 2015</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015407-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015407_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015">Nasr et al. 2015</a>, p. 407.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015373-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015373_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015">Nasr et al. 2015</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard20151508-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard20151508_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015">Nasr et al. 2015</a>, p. 1508.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015129,_811-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015129,_811_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015">Nasr et al. 2015</a>, p. 129, 811.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick199897–98-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick199897–98_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChittick1998">Chittick 1998</a>, pp. 97–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick198917-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick198917_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChittick1989">Chittick 1989</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrChittick200745-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrChittick200745_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasrChittick2007">Nasr & Chittick 2007</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurataChittick1996127-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurataChittick1996127_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMurataChittick1996">Murata & Chittick 1996</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittick200249-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200249_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittick200249_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChittick2002">Chittick 2002</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChittick1989" class="citation book cs1">Chittick, W.C. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FUABP0L4LGEC"><i>The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-Arabi's Metaphysics of Imagination</i></a>. G - Reference,Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-885-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-885-0"><bdi>978-0-88706-885-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sufi+Path+of+Knowledge%3A+Ibn+al-Arabi%27s+Metaphysics+of+Imagination&rft.series=G+-+Reference%2CInformation+and+Interdisciplinary+Subjects+Series&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-885-0&rft.aulast=Chittick&rft.aufirst=W.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFUABP0L4LGEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChittick2002" class="citation book cs1">Chittick, William (2002). "On the Cosmology of Dhikr". In Cutsinger, J.S. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6wcEQdkvt3EC"><i>Paths to the Heart: Sufism and the Christian East</i></a>. World Wisdom. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-941532-43-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-941532-43-3"><bdi>978-0-941532-43-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+the+Cosmology+of+Dhikr&rft.btitle=Paths+to+the+Heart%3A+Sufism+and+the+Christian+East&rft.pub=World+Wisdom&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-941532-43-3&rft.aulast=Chittick&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6wcEQdkvt3EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChittick2000" class="citation book cs1">Chittick, W.C. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UCfYAAAAMAAJ"><i>Sufism: A Short Introduction</i></a>. From Buddhism to Sufism Series. Oneworld Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-211-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-211-9"><bdi>978-1-85168-211-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sufism%3A+A+Short+Introduction&rft.series=From+Buddhism+to+Sufism+Series&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-85168-211-9&rft.aulast=Chittick&rft.aufirst=W.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUCfYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChittick1998" class="citation book cs1">Chittick, William (1998). "Between the Yes and the No: Ibn al-'Arabi on Wujud and the Innate Capacity". In Forman, R.K.C. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KZTmCwAAQBAJ"><i>The Innate Capacity: Mysticism, Psychology, and Philosophy</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511697-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511697-7"><bdi>978-0-19-511697-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Between+the+Yes+and+the+No%3A+Ibn+al-%27Arabi+on+Wujud+and+the+Innate+Capacity&rft.btitle=The+Innate+Capacity%3A+Mysticism%2C+Psychology%2C+and+Philosophy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-511697-7&rft.aulast=Chittick&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKZTmCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Eifring, Halvor, and Shahzad Bashir. “Movement and Stillness: The Practice of Sufi Dhikr in Fourteenth-Century Central Asia.” Meditation in Judaism, Christianity and Islam: Cultural Histories, Bloomsbury Press, New York, NY, 2013, pp. 201–211.</li> <li>Engineer, Irfan. “Sufism: In the Spirit of Eastern Spiritual Traditions.” Sambhāṣaṇ, vol. 2, no. 1 and 2, 2021.</li> <li>Engineer, Irfan. “Sufism: In the Spirit of Eastern Spiritual Traditions.” Sambhāṣaṇ, vol. 2, no. 1 and 2, 2021.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriedlander1975" class="citation book cs1">Friedlander, Ira (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whirlingdervishe00frie_0"><i>The Whirling Dervishes</i></a></span>. New York: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-541540-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-541540-9"><bdi>0-02-541540-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Whirling+Dervishes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-02-541540-9&rft.aulast=Friedlander&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhirlingdervishe00frie_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kelly, Elizabeth M. The Rosary: A Path into Prayer. Loyola Press, 2004.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNasrChittick2007" class="citation book cs1">Nasr, S.H.; Chittick, W.C. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0YQhoPEih04C"><i>The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr</i></a>. World Wisdom. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933316-38-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933316-38-3"><bdi>978-1-933316-38-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Seyyed+Hossein+Nasr&rft.pub=World+Wisdom&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-933316-38-3&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=S.H.&rft.au=Chittick%2C+W.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0YQhoPEih04C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcPhersonAli2019" class="citation book cs1">McPherson, David; Ali, Mukhtar (2019). <i>Spirituality and the Good Life: Philosophical Approaches</i>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">136–</span>154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spirituality+and+the+Good+Life%3A+Philosophical+Approaches&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E136-%3C%2Fspan%3E154&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Ali%2C+Mukhtar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Modarresi, Sayed Mahdi. The Laws of Islam. Enlight Press, 2018</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurataChittick1996" class="citation book cs1">Murata, S.; Chittick, W.C. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j2EwAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Vision of Islam: The Foundations of Muslim Faith and Practice</i></a>. Visions of reality. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-022-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-022-3"><bdi>978-1-86064-022-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vision+of+Islam%3A+The+Foundations+of+Muslim+Faith+and+Practice&rft.series=Visions+of+reality&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-022-3&rft.aulast=Murata&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Chittick%2C+W.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj2EwAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNasrDagliDakakeLumbard2015" class="citation book cs1">Nasr, S.H.; Dagli, C.K.; Dakake, M.M.; Lumbard, J.E.B.; Rustom, M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U9DroAEACAAJ"><i>The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary -- Leather Edition</i></a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-112588-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-112588-1"><bdi>978-0-06-112588-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Study+Quran%3A+A+New+Translation+and+Commentary+--+Leather+Edition&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-06-112588-1&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=S.H.&rft.au=Dagli%2C+C.K.&rft.au=Dakake%2C+M.M.&rft.au=Lumbard%2C+J.E.B.&rft.au=Rustom%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU9DroAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Suleiman, Omar, and Yaqeen Copywriting Team. “Deeper into Dhikr: A Companion Guide.” Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research, yaqeeninstitute.org/omar-suleiman/deeper-into-dhikr-a-companion-guide</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Hassan_Touma" title="Habib Hassan Touma">Touma, Habib Hassan</a> (1996). <i>The Music of the Arabs</i>, trans. Laurie Schwartz. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-931340-88-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-931340-88-8">0-931340-88-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Al-Ameen, Hamzah.Dhikr (Islamic Mindfulness): Using Neuro-lingual Programming In Cognitive Spiritual Therapy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040550/http://www.upublish.info/Article/Dhikr--Islamic-Mindfulness---Using-Neuro-lingual-Programming-In-Cognitive-Spiritual-Therapy/954417">Upublish.info</a></li> <li>Brodersen, Angelika. <i>Remembrance,</i> in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. II, pp. 520–523. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1610691776" title="Special:BookSources/1610691776">1610691776</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yaqeeninstitute.org/omar-suleiman/deeper-into-dhikr-a-companion-guide">"Deeper into Dhikr: A Companion Guide"</a>. <i>Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yaqeen+Institute+for+Islamic+Research&rft.atitle=Deeper+into+Dhikr%3A+A+Companion+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyaqeeninstitute.org%2Fomar-suleiman%2Fdeeper-into-dhikr-a-companion-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADhikr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Algar" title="Hamid Algar">Algar, Hamid</a>, trans. <i>The Path of God's Bondsmen: From Origin to Return</i>. North Haledon, NJ: Islamic Publication International, 1980.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Schimmel" title="Annemarie Schimmel">Schimmel, Annemarie</a>. <i>Mystical Dimensions of Islam</i>. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina P, 1975.</li> <li>Gardet, L. <i>Dhikr</i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009.</li> <li>Jawadi Amuli, Abdullah. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://basirat.ca/basirat/dhikr_and_the_wisdom_behind_it/">Dhikr and the Wisdom Behind It</a>.</i></li> <li>Privratsky, Bruce. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sylpxB4YgpcC">Muslim Turkistan: Kazak Religion and Collective Memory</a>.</i>, p. 104.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhikr&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zikr.co.uk/">A brief illustrated guide to Qalbi Zikr</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_and_things_in_the_Quran146" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_and_things_in_the_Quran146" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and things in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Characters66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-humans10" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-humans</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allāh</a> ('The <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names</a> of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> found in the Quran, such as <i>Karīm</i> (Generous)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">baqara</a></i> (cow) of Israelites</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam#The_plot_against_Joseph" title="Joseph in Islam">dhiʾb</a></i> (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">fīl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">elephant</a>) of the Abyssinians</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Domesticated donkey</a>)</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">hud-hud</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i>kalb</i> (dog) of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">sleepers of the cave</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">namlah</a></i> (female ant) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Jonah#The_fish" title="Jonah">nūn</a></i> (fish or whale) of Jonah</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="She-Camel of God">nāqat</a></i> (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAnkabūt</i> (Female <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spider</a>)</li> <li><i>Dābbat al-Arḍ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a>)</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Wild ass</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honey#Ancient_times" title="Honey">Naḥl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qaswarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaswarah">Qaswarah</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Lion</a>', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Malāʾikah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angels of Hell <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaniyya">Zabāniyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_host#Quran" title="Heavenly host">Jundallah</a></li> <li><i>Kirāman Kātibīn</i> (Honourable Scribes) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raqib" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqib">Raqib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atid" title="Atid">Atid</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muqarrabun34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel#Islam" title="Archangel"><i>Muqarrabun</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrīl</a> (Gabriel, chief) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Ar-Rūḥ</a></i> ('The Spirit') <ul><li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn</i> ('The Trustworthy Spirit')</li> <li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus</i> ('The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Angel of the Trumpet (<a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azrael#In_Islam" title="Azrael">Malakul-Mawt</a></i> (Angel of Death, Azrael)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkāil</a> (Michael)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></i> (Genies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-J%C4%81nn" title="Al-Jānn">Jann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifrit#Islamic_scripture" title="Ifrit">ʿIfrīt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Sakhr</a></i> (Asmodeus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qarīn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shaitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaitan">Shayāṭīn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Satan#Islam" title="Satan">ash-Shayṭān</a></i> (the (chief) <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Mārid</a></i> ('Rebellious one')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilmān</a></i> or <i>Wildān</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Ḥūr</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prophets45" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Ādam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a>ʿ (<a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāwūd</a> (<a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhūl-Kifl</a> (Ezekiel?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Hārūn</a> (Aaron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</a> (Eber?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idrīs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">Ilyās</a> (Elijah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">ʿImrān</a> (Joachim the father of Maryam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isḥāq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismāʿīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac#Muslim_views" title="Binding of Isaac">Dhabih Ullah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Ṣāliḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿayb</a> (Jethro, Reuel or <a href="/wiki/Hobab_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobab (biblical figure)">Hobab</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</a> ibn Dāwūd (<a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> son of David)</li> <li>ʿ<a href="/wiki/Uzair" title="Uzair">Uzair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist#Islam" title="John the Baptist">Yaḥyā</a> ibn Zakariyyā (<a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> the son of Zechariah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaʿqūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>) <ul><li>Isrāʾīl (Israel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>) <ul><li><i>Dhūn-Nūn</i> ('He of the <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</a>)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')</li> <li><i>Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt</i> ('Companion of the Whale')</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</a> ibn Ya‘qūb (<a href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</a> son of Jacob)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)#In_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zakariyyā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulu-l-%E2%80%98Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulu-l-‘Azm">Ulul-ʿAzm</a></i><br />('Those of the<br /> Perseverance<br /> and Strong Will')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muḥammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_the_Quran" title="Muhammad in the Quran">Aḥmad</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Muhammad" title="Names and titles of Muhammad">names and titles of Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Masīḥ</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>)</li> <li><i>Ibn Maryam</i> (Son of Mary)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā Kalīmullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> He who spoke to God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> Friend of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debatable ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhūl-Qarnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talut" title="Talut">Ṭālūt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah#Islamic_views" title="Jeremiah">Irmiyā</a> (Jeremiah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel#Islam" title="Samuel">Ṣamūʾīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua#In_Islam" title="Joshua">Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn</a> (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_of_Prophets18" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of Prophets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Good ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adam's immediate relatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Martyred son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve#Islamic_view" title="Eve">Wife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Believer of Ya-Sin</a></li> <li>Family of Noah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Father Lamech</a></li> <li>Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos</li></ul></li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li>People of Abraham <ul><li>Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Ishmael's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Isaac's mother</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Jesus <ul><li>Disciples (including <a href="/wiki/Peter_in_Islam" title="Peter in Islam">Peter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Mary's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#In_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Zechariah's wife</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Solomon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Islamic" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_ibn_Barkhiya" title="Asif ibn Barkhiya">Vizier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Harithah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayd ibn Harithah">Zayd</a> (Muhammad's adopted son)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of<br /> Joseph</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brothers (including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin in Islam">Binyāmin</a> (Benjamin) and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a>)</li> <li>Egyptians <ul><li><i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Potiphar" title="Potiphar">Potiphar</a>, Qatafir or Qittin)</li> <li><i>Malik</i> (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))</li> <li>Wife of <i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Zuleikha_(tradition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuleikha (tradition)">Zulaykhah</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel#In_Islam" title="Rachel">Mother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of <br />Aaron and Moses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Egyptians <ul><li>Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)</li> <li><i>Imraʾat Firʿawn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(Exodus)#In_Muslim_tradition" title="Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)">Wife of Pharaoh</a>, who adopted Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Confrontation_with_sorcerers" title="Moses in Islam">Magicians of the Pharaoh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Wise, pious man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Moses' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Moses' sister-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochebed#The_Islamic_view_of_Jochebed" title="Jochebed">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Sister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evil ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam#Family" title="Abraham in Islam">Āzar</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Terah#Islamic_tradition" title="Terah">Terah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh_in_Islam" title="Pharaoh in Islam">Firʿawn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of Moses' time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haman_(Islam)" title="Haman (Islam)">Hāmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Jālūt</a> (Goliath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korah#Quranic_reference" title="Korah">Qārūn</a> (Korah, cousin of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiri_(Islamic_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiri (Islamic figure)">As-Sāmirī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Lahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Lahab">Abū Lahab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slayers_of_%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5%27s_she-camel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (page does not exist)">Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel</a> (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied or<br />not specified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraha" title="Abraha">Abraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam#Balaam_in_the_Quran" title="Balaam">Bal'am/Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%E1%B9%A3%C4%AB%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Barṣīṣā">Barṣīṣā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb#Quranic_account" title="Caleb">Caleb or Kaleb</a> the companion of Joshua</li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a></li> <li>Rahmah the wife of Ayyub</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Groups6" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Jannah</i> <ul><li>People of Paradise</li> <li>People of the Burnt Garden</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb as-Sabt</i> (Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Jesus' apostles</a> <ul><li><i>Ḥawāriyyūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples of Jesus</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Companions of Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm</i> (<a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">Companions of the Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan#Famous_places_in_Sahab" title="Sahab, Jordan">Al-Raqaim?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">Companions of the Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia#Al-Ukhd.C5.ABd_Archeological_Area" title="Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia">People of al-Ukhdūd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">People of Yathrib</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Lūṭ</i> (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li>Nation of Noah</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tribes,_ethnicitiesor_families39" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes,<br /> ethnicities<br />or families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>‘<a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)"><i>Ar-Rūm</i></a> (literally 'The Romans')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Banī Isrāʾīl</a></i> (Children of Israel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#Islamic" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Muʾtafikāt</a></i> (Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">People of Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">People of Ilyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">People of Nuh</a></li> <li>People of Shuaib <ul><li><i>Ahl Madyan</i> <a href="/wiki/Midian#In_the_Qur'an" title="Midian">People of Madyan</a>)</li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Aykah</i> ('Companions of the Wood')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Qawm <a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a></i> (People of Jonah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">People of Fir'aun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)</a> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb Muḥammad</i> (<a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of Muhammad</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Anṣār</a> (literally 'Helpers')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Jamil" title="Umm Jamil">Wife of Abu Lahab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Children of Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Sons of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wife of Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Wife of Lut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog"><i>Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj</i></a> (Gog and Magog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah#Extrabiblical_sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">Son of Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Aʿrāb</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arabs</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a> (people of Hud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Companions of the Rass</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Tubbaʿ</i> (People of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saba_and_Himyar" title="List of rulers of Saba and Himyar">Tubba</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaeans">People of Sabaʾ or Sheba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamūd</a> (people of Ṣāliḥ) <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr</i> ('Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mada'in Saleh">Stoneland</a>')</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ahl al-Bayt</i><br /> ('People of the<br /> Household')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Household of Abraham <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob#Children_of_Jacob" title="Jacob">Brothers of Yūsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_daughters" title="Lot's daughters">Lot's daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Progeny of Imran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Moses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Household of Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Khadijah%27s_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters">Daughters of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad's wives">Muhammad's wives</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Salih</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implicitly<br />mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a></li> <li><i>Ahl as-Suffa</i> (People of the Verandah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Banu Qaynuqa">Banu Qaynuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Ahl al-Dhimmah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kāfirūn</a></i> <ul><li>disbelievers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Majūs</i> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munafiq" title="Munafiq">Munāfiqūn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrites</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> <ul><li>Believers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ahl al-Kitāb</i> (<a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>) <ul><li><i>Naṣārā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>(s) or People of the Injil) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Ruhban (Christian monks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Christianity" title="Priest">Qissis (Christian priest)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Yahūd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Ahbār (Jewish scholars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbani/Rabbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians#Islamic_reference" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Mecca" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Meccan polytheists</a> at the time of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian polytheists</a> at the time of Abraham and Lot</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Locations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah</a></i> ('The Holy Land') <ul><li>'Blessed' Land'</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>, literally 'The Garden')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Huta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab Huta">Door of Hittah</a></li> <li><i>Madyan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Midian" title="Midian">Midian</a>)</li> <li><i>Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn</i></li> <li><i>Miṣr</i> (Mainland <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li>Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <br />(excluding Madyan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)#Historical_context" title="Hud (prophet)">Al-Aḥqāf</a></i> ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') <ul><li><i>Iram dhāt al-ʿImād</i> (<a href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Madīnah</a></i> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">Yathrib</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">ʿArafāt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah#The_Sacred_Monument" title="Muzdalifah">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hegra_(Mada%27in_Salih)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegra (Mada'in Salih)">Al-Ḥijr</a></i> (Hegra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Badr, Saudi Arabia">Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunayn,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Hunayn, Saudi Arabia">Ḥunayn</a></li> <li><i>Makkah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakkah" title="Bakkah">Bakkah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">Ḥaraman</a> Āminan</i> ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')</li> <li><i>Kaʿbah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maqam_Ibrahim" title="Maqam Ibrahim">Maqām Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Station of Abraham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwa" title="Safa and Marwa">Safa and Marwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaeans">Sabaʾ</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a>) <ul><li><i>ʿArim Sabaʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Marib_Dam" title="Marib Dam">Dam of Sheba</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar_Rass" title="Ar Rass">Rass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Peninsula in Islam">Sinai Region</a><br /> or Tīh Desert</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wād</a> Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan</i> (The Holy <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa">Valley of Tuwa</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Wādil-Ayman</i> (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Buq%E2%80%98ah_Al-Mub%C4%81rakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Buq‘ah Al-Mubārakah">Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah</a></i> ('The Blessed Place')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Al-Jūdiyy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munzal_Al-Mub%C4%81rak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak">Munzalanm-Mubārakan</a></i> ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Bābil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>)</li> <li><i>Qaryat Yūnus</i> ('Township of <a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Jonah</a>,' that is <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Bayʿa</a></i> (Church)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Miḥrāb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a></li> <li><i>Masjid</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a>, literally 'Place of <a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">Prostration</a>') <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mash%27ar_Al-Haram" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></i> ('The Sacred Grove')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Sacred Mosque</a> of Mecca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Masjid_al-Dirar" title="Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar">Masjid al-Dirar</a></li> <li>A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: <ul><li><i>Masjid Qubāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">The Prophet's Mosque</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Salat (Synagogue)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arabia <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Ḥijāz</a></i> (literally 'The Barrier') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Stone" title="Black Stone"><i>Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad</i></a> (Black Stone) & <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Hijr_of_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hijr of Ishmael">Al-Hijr of Isma'il</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Hira">Cave of Hira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr#Cave" title="Jabal Thawr"><i>Ghār ath-Thawr</i></a> (Cave of the Bull)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Hudaybiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</a></li> <li>Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Muqaddas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Muqaddas">Bayt al-Muqaddas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">'Ariha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamia in the Quran">Bilād ar-Rāfidayn</a></i> (Mesopotamia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Location_of_the_cave_and_duration_of_stay" title="Seven Sleepers">Cave of Seven Sleepers</a></li> <li><i>Dār an-Nadwa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> River</li> <li>Palestine River</li> <li>Paradise of <a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Events,_incidents,_occasions_or_times37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events, incidents, occasions or times</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incident of Ifk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Power" title="Night of Power">Laylat al-Qadr</a></i> (Night of Decree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Event of Mubahala</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sayl_al-%27Arim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayl al-'Arim">Sayl al-ʿArim</a></i> (Flood of the Great Dam of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'rib">Ma'rib</a> in Sheba)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Treaty of Hudaybiyyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles or<br />military expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of <i>al-Aḥzāb</i></a> ('the Confederates')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hunayn" title="Battle of Hunayn">Battle of Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khaybar" title="Battle of Khaybar">Battle of Khaybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Tabuk" title="Expedition of Tabuk">Expedition of Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">Conquest of Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumuʿah</a></i> (The Friday)</li> <li><i>As-<a href="/wiki/Sabbath#Islam" title="Sabbath">Sabt</a></i> (The Sabbath or Saturday)</li> <li>Days of battles</li> <li>Days of Hajj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Doomsday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>12 months: Four holy months <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām</a> (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramaḍān</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilgrimages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</a></i> (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)</li> <li><i>Al-ʿ<a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (The Lesser Pilgrimage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Times for prayer<br />or remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Times for <i><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Duʿāʾ</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a>'), <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Ṣalāh</a></i> and <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dhikr</a></i> ('Remembrance', including <i><a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Taḥmīd</a></i> ('Praising'), <i><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbīr</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbīḥ</a></i>): <ul><li><i>Al-ʿAshiyy</i> (The Afternoon or the Night)</li> <li><i>Al-Ghuduww</i> ('The Mornings') <ul><li><i>Al-Bukrah</i> ('The Morning')</li> <li><i>Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ</i> ('The Morning')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-Layl</i> ('The Night') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Isha prayer">ʿIshāʾ</a></i> ('The Late-Night')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aẓ-<a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuhr prayer">Ẓuhr</a></i> ('The Noon')</li> <li><i>Dulūk ash-Shams</i> ('Decline of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghrib prayer">Masāʾ</a></i> ('The Evening')</li> <li><i>Qabl al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghrib prayer">Ghurūb</a></i> ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') <ul><li><i>Al-Aṣīl</i> ('The Afternoon')</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Asr prayer">ʿAṣr</a></i> ('The Afternoon')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams</i> ('Before the rising of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a></i> ('The Dawn')</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pilgrimage" title="First Pilgrimage">First Pilgrimage</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Injīl</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of Jesus)</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʾān</a></i> (The Book of Muhammad)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham" title="Scrolls of Abraham">Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Abraham)</li> <li><i>At-<a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Tawrāt</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Moses" title="Scrolls of Moses">Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Az-<a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabūr</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> of David)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Umm al-Kitāb</a></i> ('Mother of the Book(s)')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects <br />of people<br />or beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_of_Moses" title="Staff of Moses">Staff of Musa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant#Quran" title="Ark of the Covenant">Tābūt as-Sakīnah</a></i> (Casket of Shekhinah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Throne of Bilqis</a></li> <li>Trumpet of Israfil</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mentioned_idols(cult_images)34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned idols<br />(cult images)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>'Ansāb</li> <li><i>Jibt</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Ṭāghūt</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/False_god" title="False god">False god</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Israelites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal#In_Islam" title="Baal">Baʿal</a></li> <li>The <i>ʿijl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a> statue) of Israelites</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Noah's people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(deity)" title="Nasr (deity)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwāʿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Yaʿūq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Quraysh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uzza" title="Al-Uzza">Al-ʿUzzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manat_(goddess)" title="Manat (goddess)">Manāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celestial<br /> bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Maṣābīḥ</i> (literally 'lamps'): <ul><li><i>Al-Qamar</i> (The Moon)</li> <li><i>Kawākib</i> (Planets) <ul><li><i>Al-Arḍ</i> (The Earth)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Nujūm</i> (Stars) <ul><li><i>Ash-Shams</i> (The Sun)</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i>Baṣal</i> (Onion)</li> <li><i>Fūm</i> (Garlic or wheat)</li> <li><i>Shaṭʾ</i> (Shoot)</li> <li><i>Sūq</i> (Plant stem)</li> <li><i>Zarʿ</i> (Seed)</li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAdas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a>)</li> <li><i>Baql</i> (Herb)</li> <li><i>Qith-thāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a>)</li> <li><i>Rummān</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a>)</li> <li><i>Tīn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">Fig</a>)</li> <li><i>Zaytūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a>)</li> <li>In Paradise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Islamic_tradition" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit of Adam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bushes, trees<br />or plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Plants of Sheba <ul><li><i>Athl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">Tamarisk</a>)</li> <li><i>Sidr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Celtis_australis" title="Celtis australis">Lote-tree</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Līnah</i> (Tender <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm tree</a>)</li> <li><i>Nakhl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">Sidrat al-Muntahā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqūm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Māʾ</i> (Water or fluid) <ul><li><i>Nahr</i> (River)</li> <li><i>Yamm</i> (River or sea)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Sharāb</i> (Drink)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note:</b> Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sufism_terminology124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufism_terminology" title="Template:Sufism terminology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sufism_terminology" title="Template talk:Sufism terminology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism_terminology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism terminology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sufism_terminology124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> terminology</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sufis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal" title="Abdal">Abdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Khutwa" title="Ahl al-Khutwa">Ahl al-Khutwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil" title="Al-Insān al-Kāmil">Al-Insān al-Kāmil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash_Hezzab" title="Bash Hezzab">Bash Hezzab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dervish" title="Dervish">Dervish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir" title="Fakir">Fakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_(Quran)" title="Hafiz (Quran)">Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezzab" title="Hezzab">Hezzab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatib" title="Khatib">Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majzoob_(Sufism)" title="Majzoob (Sufism)">Majzoob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabout" title="Marabout">Marabout</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudaqiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mudaqiq (page does not exist)">Mudaqiq</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%82_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:مدقق (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqaddam" title="Muqaddam">Muqaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqarrab_(Sufism)" title="Muqarrab (Sufism)">Muqarrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutahaqiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutahaqiq (page does not exist)">Mutahaqiq</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82" class="extiw" title="ar:متحقق بالحق والخلق">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nass_al-Houdhour" title="Nass al-Houdhour">Nass al-Houdhour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandar_(title)" title="Qalandar (title)">Qalandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%81ri%CA%BE" title="Qāriʾ">Qāriʾ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb" title="Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbani_(Sufism)" title="Rabbani (Sufism)">Rabbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salik" title="Salik">Salik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_(Sufism)" title="Sheikh (Sufism)">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddiq" title="Siddiq">Siddiq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sufis_ranks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufis ranks (page does not exist)">Sufis ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talibe" title="Talibe">Talibe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Seven_ranks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Seven ranks (page does not exist)">The Seven ranks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:المراتب السبعة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasil_(Sufism)" title="Wasil (Sufism)">Wasil</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Raising_hands_in_Dua" title="Raising hands in Dua"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/160px-IslamSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/240px-IslamSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/320px-IslamSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aayane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aayane (page does not exist)">Aayane</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:أعيان (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aayane_Thabita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aayane Thabita (page does not exist)">Aayane Thabita</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الأعيان الثابتة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">Aql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqaa" title="Baqaa">Baqaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawq" title="Dhawq">Dhawq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fana_(Sufism)" title="Fana (Sufism)">Fana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaflah" title="Ghaflah">Ghaflah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_(Sufism)" title="Hal (Sufism)">Hal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijab_(Sufism)" title="Hijab (Sufism)">Hijab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huwa" title="Huwa">Huwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismul_Azam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismul Azam">Ismul Azam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lataif-e-Sitta" title="Lataif-e-Sitta">Lataif-e-Sitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(Sufism)" title="Maqam (Sufism)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafs" title="Nafs">Nafs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalb" title="Qalb">Qalb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ran_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ran (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Ran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Rūḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadr_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadr (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Sadr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqeen" title="Yaqeen">Yaqeen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wird_(Sufism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wird (Sufism)">Awrad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dhikr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djamaa_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djamaa (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Djamaa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83)" class="extiw" title="ar:جمع (سلوك)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoua_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djoua (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Djoua</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:جوع (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Dua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibara_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibara (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Ibara</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:عبارة (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ichara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ichara (page does not exist)">Ichara</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:إشارة (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latifa_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latifa (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Latifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazimi" title="Lazimi">Lazimi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhasabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhasabah (page does not exist)">Muhasabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muraqabah" title="Muraqabah">Muraqabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_hands_in_Dua" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising hands in Dua">Raising hands in Dua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabr" title="Sabr">Sabr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahar_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahar (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Sahar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%B1_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:سهر (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salat_al-Fatih" title="Salat al-Fatih">Salat al-Fatih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">Salawat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samt_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samt (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Samt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%AA_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:صمت (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuhud_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuhud (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Shuhud</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:شهود (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukr" title="Shukr">Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sufism_pillars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufism pillars (page does not exist)">Sufism pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemplation" title="Contemplation">Tafakur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahara_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahara (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Tahara</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:طهارة معنوية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahlia_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahlia (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Tahlia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:تحلية (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takhlia_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takhlia (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Takhlia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:تخلية (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawajud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawajud (page does not exist)">Tawajud</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF" class="extiw" title="ar:تواجد">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkul" title="Tawakkul">Tawakkul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazkiah">Tazkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzla_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzla (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Uzla</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:عزلة (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajd" title="Wajd">Wajd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazifa" title="Wazifa">Wazifa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wazifa_Zarruqiyya" title="Wazifa Zarruqiyya">Zarruqiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wird" title="Wird">Wird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Zuhd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warid_(Sufism)" title="Warid (Sufism)">Waridates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barakah" title="Barakah">Barakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Basirah">Basirah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bast_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bast (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Bast</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%B7_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:بسط (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djadba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djadba (page does not exist)">Djadba</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:جذبة (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fath_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fath (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Fath</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:فتح (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqiqa" title="Haqiqa">Haqiqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidayah" title="Hidayah">Hidayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afflatus" title="Afflatus">Ilham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irfan" title="Irfan">Irfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminationism" title="Illuminationism">Ishrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat" title="Karamat">Karamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">Kashf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatir_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khatir (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Khatir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27rifa" title="Ma'rifa">Ma'rifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qabdh_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qabdh (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Qabdh</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B6_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:قبض (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabita_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabita (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Rabita</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:رابطة (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ru%27ya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ru'ya (page does not exist)">Ru'ya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secret (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajalli" title="Tajalli">Tajalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uns_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uns (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Uns</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3" class="extiw" title="ar:أنس">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walayah" title="Walayah">Walayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warid_(Sufism)" title="Warid (Sufism)">Warid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misconducts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antinomianism#Islamic_antinomianism" title="Antinomianism">Antinomianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Rahbaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shath" title="Shath">Shath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">Taqabbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zandaqa" title="Zandaqa">Zandaqa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashura" title="Ashura">Ashura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">Bay'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Haḍra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_Rateb" title="Hizb Rateb">Hizb Rateb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idjaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Idjaza">Idjaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawsim" title="Mawsim">Mawsim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salka_(Sufism)" title="Salka (Sufism)">Salka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sbooa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sbooa (page does not exist)">Sbooa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sbu%C3%A2" class="extiw" title="fr:Sbuâ">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiba" title="Sebiba">Sebiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsila" title="Silsila">Silsila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_orders" title="List of Sufi orders">Sufi orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweeza" title="Tweeza">Tweeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wezeea" title="Wezeea">Wezeea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashewiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashewiq (page does not exist)">Ashewiq</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%82" class="extiw" title="ar:أشويق">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madih_nabawi" title="Madih nabawi">Madih nabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasheed" title="Nasheed">Nasheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%CA%BDat" title="Naʽat">Naʽat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qawwali" title="Qawwali">Qawwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Sufi cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sufism" title="History of Sufism">Sufism history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_literature" title="Sufi literature">Sufi literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Sufi metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_music" title="Sufi music">Sufi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufis persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Sufi philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_psychology" title="Sufi psychology">Sufi psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_whirling" title="Sufi whirling">Sufi whirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daara" title="Daara">Daara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargah" title="Dargah">Dargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datuk_Keramat" title="Datuk Keramat">Datuk Keramat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidgah" title="Eidgah">Eidgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonbad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonbad">Gonbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongbei_(Islamic_architecture)" title="Gongbei (Islamic architecture)">Gongbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama masjid">Jama masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Khana" title="Jama'at Khana">Jama'at Khana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwa_(Sufism)" title="Khalwa (Sufism)">Khalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwa_(school)" title="Khalwa (school)"> Khalawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">Khanqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BClliye" title="Külliye">Külliye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttab" title="Kuttab">Kuttab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)" title="Maqam (shrine)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqbara" title="Maqbara">Maqbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar_(mausoleum)" title="Mazar (mausoleum)">Mazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musalla" title="Musalla">Musalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubba" title="Qubba">Qubba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauza" title="Rauza">Rauza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribat" title="Ribat">Ribat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surau" title="Surau">Surau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takya" class="mw-redirect" title="Takya">Takya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbah" title="Turbah">Turbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrbe" title="Türbe">Türbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)" title="Zawiya (institution)">Zawiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammama" title="Ammama">Ammama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balgha" title="Balgha">Balgha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnous" title="Burnous">Burnous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djellaba" title="Djellaba">Djellaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandoura" title="Gandoura">Gandoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellabiya" title="Jellabiya">Jellabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirqa" title="Khirqa">Khirqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misbaha" title="Misbaha">Misbaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rug" title="Prayer rug">Prayer rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashabiya" title="Qashabiya">Qashabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagelmust" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagelmust">Tagelmust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)" title="Taqiyah (cap)">Taqiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarboosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarboosh">Tarboosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/40px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/60px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/20px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diploma_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/20px-Diploma_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/40px-Diploma_icon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/20px-Psi2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/40px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Psychology</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948437#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1037" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948437#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1037" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948437#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1137202/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td 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id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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