CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html lang="en"> <head>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KGJZMMX');</script>  <script type="text/javascript"> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-29277122-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <META content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <META http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> <META http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript"> <meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="jazg3njqarvwzb6hugexme0l9n56sj3bz6oz2jbv9whid98y65iude81ix7gopuf3i6gdfaikvo35e58tlb6-oumux22ocwohj3owmvvszf3kx8d-oordn0c6w3x41wj"> <META NAME="ROBOTS" CONTENT="INDEX, FOLLOW"> <META name="keywords" content="Ruin, ruina, reference work, Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Інтернетова Енциклопедія України (ІЕУ), Ukraine, Ukraina, Україна"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg?v=Km2wkp7okQ" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/mstile-144x144.png?v=Km2wkp7okQ"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/allMD.css" type="text/css" media="screen, projection">  <title>Ruin</title> </head> <body>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KGJZMMX" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="main" class="main marginZero" role="main"> <div class="hp bg8 tc " > <div > <div class="clear"></div> <div class=" bannerBack marginZero" > <div id="MobileOneLineMenu1" class="Link_Buttons"> <a href="#" type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('MobileOneLineMenu1').style.cssText = ' font-size: 0; height: 0;'; document.getElementById('MobileOneLineMenu2').style.cssText = ' font-size: 1.8em; height: 2.6em;';showMe()">Menu</a> </div> <div id="MobileOneLineMenu2" class="Link_Buttons"> <a href="#" type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('MobileOneLineMenu2').style.cssText = 'font-size: 0; height: 0;'; document.getElementById('MobileOneLineMenu1').style.cssText = ' font-size: 1.8em; height: 2.6em; margin-right: .74em;';notDisplay()">Menu</a> </div> <div class="lower "> <a href="#main"> <img src="images/DBHFill.gif" width="1" height="1" alt="Skip Navigation"></a> <div id="MobileFullMenu" class="mattblacktabs marginZero"> <ul> <li><a href="default.asp" class="buttonHeight buttonWidth marginZero" title=" Go to Home Page ">Home</a></li> <li><a href="info.asp" class="buttonHeight buttonWidth marginZero" title=" View information about IEU ">About IEU</a></li> <li><a href="help.asp" class=" buttonHeight buttonWidth marginZero" title=" View user's instructions, tips and editorial information ">User Info</a></li> <li><a href="contact.asp" class=" buttonHeight buttonWidth marginZero" title=" Contact IEU staff ">Contact Address</a></li> <li><a href="donor.asp" class=" buttonHeight buttonWidth marginZero" title="Donate to Encyclopedia">Donate to IEU</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="largeMenu" class="mattblacktabs marginZero"> <ul role="navigaton"> <li ><a href="default.asp" title=" Go to Home Page " >Home</a></li> <li><a href="info.asp" title=" View information about IEU ">About IEU</a></li> <li><a href="help.asp" title=" View user's instructions, tips and editorial information ">User Info</a></li> <li><a href="main-index.asp" title=" Use IEU Index to search for entry titles ">Index Search</a></li> <li><a href="contact.asp" title=" Contact IEU staff ">Contact Address</a></li> <li><a href="donor.asp" title="Donate to Encyclopedia">Donate to IEU</a></li> </ul> </div> <form name="FormMain" id="Blockkk" method="post" action="alphasearch.asp" class="SearchFloat SearchPosition"> <input id="submit1" type="submit" class="inputButton buttonHeightSub" title=" Search Titles in Encyclopedia " value=" Title " onClick="document.FormMain.action='alphasearch.asp' + '?q=' + document.getElementById('email').value;"> <input id="submit2" type="submit" class="inputButton buttonHeightSub" title=" Full Text Search " value="Text " onClick="document.FormMain.action='query.asp' +'?q=' + document.getElementById('email').value; method='post'" > <input id="submit3" type="submit" class="inputButton buttonHeightSub" title=" Use advanced search functions to search IEU database " value="ADV " onClick="document.FormMain.action='advanced.asp' + '?q=' + document.getElementById('email').value;" > <div id="SearchFieldMobile" class="mattblacktabs" > <label for="email" class="visuallyhidden">Search: </label> <input id="email" type="text" name="Textalpha" value="Search" onfocus="this.value=''"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bg9 tc float90 marginZero" > <div class="clear"></div> <BR> <H1>Ruin</H1>   <div> <div class="marginZero"> <ul class="fl NoListStyle"> <li class="NoListStyle"> <form name="MyFormPrevious" method="post" Action="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/previous.asp?bottomMenuDisplay=pages%5CR%5CU%5CRuin.htm&KidNumer=12957"> <input type="hidden" name="Previous entry" value="pages\R\U\Ruin.htm"> <a href="javascript:document.MyFormPrevious.submit()" TITLE="Previous Entry" class="inlineBlockDisplay"><Strong><<<</Strong></a> </form> </li> </ul> <ul class=" fr NoListStyle" role="navigaton"> <li > <form name="MyFormNext" method="post" Action="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/next.asp?bottomMenuDisplay=pages%5CR%5CU%5CRuin.htm&KidNumer=12957"> <input type="hidden" name="Next entry" value="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages\R\U\Ruin.htm"> <a href="javascript:document.MyFormNext.submit()" TITLE="Next Entry" class="inlineBlockDisplay"><Strong>>>></Strong></a> </form> </li> </ul> <ul class="NoListStyle" role="navigaton"> <li class="NoListStyle" > <A href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages%5CR%5CU%5CRuin.htm" title="View black-on-white text, print, copy-and-paste" class="NoListStyle" rel="nofollow">print</A> </li> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </div>   <div class="clear"></div> <div id="picturesColumnRight">   </div> <div class="bg9 tc marginZero">  <div class="fl">  </div> <A name="TopPosition"> </A> <a name="main"></a> <P class="padingHistoryLand"><STRONG>Ruin</STRONG> (<I>ruina</I>). A period in the late 17th century in the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CI%5CHistoryofUkraine.htm">history of Ukraine</a>, characterized by the disintegration of Ukrainian statehood and general decline. Some historians (eg, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CO%5CKostomarovMykola.htm">Mykola Kostomarov</a>) correlate it with the tenures of three <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CO%5CMoscow.htm">Moscow</a>-backed <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHetmans.htm">hetmans</a> (<a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CR%5CBriukhovetskyIvan.htm">Ivan Briukhovetsky</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CN%5CMnohohrishnyDemian.htm">Demian Mnohohrishny</a>, and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CA%5CSamoilovychIvan.htm">Ivan Samoilovych</a>) and limit it chronologically to 1663–87 and territorially to <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CL%5CE%5CLeft6BankUkraine.htm">Left-Bank Ukraine</a>. Other historians (eg, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CR%5CKrupnytskyBorys.htm">Borys Krupnytsky</a>) consider the Ruin to apply to both Left- and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CI%5CRight6BankUkraine.htm">Right-Bank Ukraine</a> from the death of <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CH%5CKhmelnytskyBohdan.htm">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a> to the rise of <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CA%5CMazepaIvan.htm">Ivan Mazepa</a> (1657–1687).</P> <P class="padingHistoryLand">During the Ruin Ukraine became divided along the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CN%5CDniproRiver.htm">Dnipro River</a> into <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CL%5CE%5CLeft6BankUkraine.htm">Left-Bank Ukraine</a> and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CI%5CRight6BankUkraine.htm">Right-Bank Ukraine</a>, and the two halves became hostile to each other. Neighboring states (<a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CO%5CPoland.htm">Poland</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CU%5CMuscovy.htm">Muscovy</a>, the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CO%5CT%5COttomanEmpire.htm">Ottoman Empire</a>) interfered in Ukrainian internal affairs, and Ukrainian policies were skewed by efforts to curry favor among the various occupational forces. The <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CU%5CK%5CUkrainianOrthodoxchurch.htm">Ukrainian Orthodox church</a> was subordinated to the Moscow <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CA%5CPatriarchate.htm">patriarchate</a> in 1686. Ukrainian leaders during the period were largely opportunists and men of little vision who could not muster broad popular support for their policies (<a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CR%5CBriukhovetskyIvan.htm">Ivan Briukhovetsky</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CH%5CKhanenkoMykhailo.htm">Mykhailo Khanenko</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CH%5CKhmelnytskyYurii.htm">Yurii Khmelnytsky</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CN%5CMnohohrishnyDemian.htm">Demian Mnohohrishny</a>, Stepan Opara, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CI%5CSirkoIvan.htm">Ivan Sirko</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CO%5CSomkoYakym.htm">Yakym Somko</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CU%5CSukhoviiPetro.htm">Petro Sukhovii</a>, and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CE%5CTeteriaPavlo.htm">Pavlo Teteria</a>). The <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHetmans.htm">hetmans</a> who did their utmost to bring Ukraine out of decline were <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CO%5CDoroshenkoPetro.htm">Petro Doroshenko</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CA%5CSamoilovychIvan.htm">Ivan Samoilovych</a>, and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CV%5CY%5CVyhovskyIvan.htm">Ivan Vyhovsky</a>.</P> <P class="padingHistoryLand">BIBLIOGRAPHY<BR>Kostomarov, N. <I>Ruina: Istoricheskaia monografiia, 1663–1687</I>, vol 15 of <I>Istoricheskiia monografii i izsledovaniia Nikolaia Kostomarova</I> (Saint Petersburg–Moscow 1882)<BR>Levitskii, O. <I>Ocherk narodnoi zhizni Malorossii vo 2-oi polovine XVII v.</I> (Kyiv 1901)<BR>Zerkal’, S. <I>Ruïna kozats’ko-selians’koï Ukraïny</I> (New York 1968)<BR>Iakovleva, T. <I>Het’manshchyna v druhii polovyni 50-kh rokiv XVII stolittia: Prychyny i pochatok Ruïny</I> (Kyiv 1998)</P> <P class="padingHistoryLand" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">A. Zhukovsky</P> <BR> <CENTER> <P class="padingHistoryLand"></P> </CENTER> </div> <div class="clear"></div>  <div class="bg9 marginbottom tc">    <div class="dr20 tc marginZero TotalWidth"> <A name="linksaddress"> </A> <BR> <HR class="marginZero"> <H2 class="tc mb b rozmiar50">List of related links from Encyclopedia of Ukraine pointing to <span class="FontDarkBlue b "> Ruin</span> entry: <BR> </H2> <Div> <label for="groovybtn1" class="visuallyhidden">1 Archives</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn1" name="groovybtn1" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 1 Archives " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CR%5CArchives.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn2" class="visuallyhidden">2 Baturyn</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn2" name="groovybtn2" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 2 Baturyn " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CA%5CBaturyn.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn3" class="visuallyhidden">3 Bratslav regiment</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn3" name="groovybtn3" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 3 Bratslav regiment " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CR%5CBratslavregiment.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn4" class="visuallyhidden">4 Cherkasy regiment</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn4" name="groovybtn4" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 4 Cherkasy regiment " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CH%5CCherkasyregiment.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn5" class="visuallyhidden">5 Communist Party of Ukraine</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn5" name="groovybtn5" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 5 Communist Party of Ukraine " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCommunistPartyofUkraine.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn6" class="visuallyhidden">6 Dnipro River</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn6" name="groovybtn6" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 6 Dnipro River " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CN%5CDniproRiver.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn7" class="visuallyhidden">7 Famine</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn7" name="groovybtn7" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 7 Famine " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CF%5CA%5CFamine.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn8" class="visuallyhidden">8 Hetman state</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn8" name="groovybtn8" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 8 Hetman state " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHetmanstate.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn9" class="visuallyhidden">9 Historiography</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn9" name="groovybtn9" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 9 Historiography " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CI%5CHistoriography.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn10" class="visuallyhidden">10 History of Ukraine</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn10" name="groovybtn10" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 10 History of Ukraine " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CI%5CHistoryofUkraine.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn11" class="visuallyhidden">11 Khmelnytsky, Yurii</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn11" name="groovybtn11" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 11 Khmelnytsky, Yurii " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CH%5CKhmelnytskyYurii.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn12" class="visuallyhidden">12 Korsun regiment</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn12" name="groovybtn12" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 12 Korsun regiment " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CO%5CKorsunregiment.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn13" class="visuallyhidden">13 Kyiv</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn13" name="groovybtn13" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 13 Kyiv " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CY%5CKyiv.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn14" class="visuallyhidden">14 Kyivan Cave Monastery</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn14" name="groovybtn14" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 14 Kyivan Cave Monastery " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CY%5CKyivanCaveMonastery.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn15" class="visuallyhidden">15 Kyivan Mohyla Academy</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn15" name="groovybtn15" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 15 Kyivan Mohyla Academy " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CY%5CKyivanMohylaAcademy.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn16" class="visuallyhidden">16 Landowners</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn16" name="groovybtn16" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 16 Landowners " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CL%5CA%5CLandowners.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn17" class="visuallyhidden">17 Lviv</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn17" name="groovybtn17" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 17 Lviv " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CL%5CV%5CLviv.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn18" class="visuallyhidden">18 Merchants</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn18" name="groovybtn18" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 18 Merchants " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CE%5CMerchants.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn19" class="visuallyhidden">19 Nemyriv</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn19" name="groovybtn19" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 19 Nemyriv " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CN%5CE%5CNemyriv.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn20" class="visuallyhidden">20 Nobility</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn20" name="groovybtn20" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 20 Nobility " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CN%5CO%5CNobility.htm'"> </Div> <BR> <P class="tc"> <form name="bbback" action="self"> <label for="groovybtnN" class="visuallyhidden">Next 20 records</label> <INPUT id="groovybtnN" name="groovybtnN" class="groovybutton marginTenPix" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE="+ 20 Records >>" ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?page=2&ffpath=pages%5CR%5CU%5CRuin.htm#linksaddress'"> </form> <p class="tc b">A referral to this page is found in 33 entries.</p> <BR> </DIV> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" bg8 tc marginZero FontWhite FontVerdana" aria-label="local"> <br> Click Home to get to the IEU Home page; to contact the IEU editors click Contact.<br> To learn more about IEU click About IEU and to view the list of donors and to become an IEU supporter click Donors.  <br>  <br> <ul class="marginZero" role="navigaton"> <li class="queryFontInline"><a class="buttonZ" href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com" title="IEU Home Web Page" target="_blank">Home</a></li> <li class="queryFontInline"><a class="buttonZ" href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/contact.asp" title="Contact IEU Staff" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="queryFontInline"><a class="buttonZ" href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/info.asp" title="Information about IEU" target="_blank">About IEU</a></li> <li class="queryFontInline"><a class="buttonZ" href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/donor.asp" title="Donors web page" target="_blank">Donors</a></li> <li class="queryFontInline"><a class="buttonZ" href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/donate.asp" title="Donors Web page">Donate to IEU</a></li> </ul>  <br> <span class="FontSizeSmall" > ©2001 All Rights Reserved. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. </span>  <br>  <br> </div> <script type="text/javascript">  </script> </body> </html>