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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Classical Logic</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">2,635 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Classical Logic</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Classical_Logic">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75593685" data-work_id="75593685" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75593685/Embedding_Classical_Logic_in_S4">Embedding Classical Logic in S4</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this thesis, we will study the * embedding of classical first-order logic in first-order S4, which is based on the * translation, originally introduced in Fitting (1970). The initial, main part is dedicated to a detailed modeltheoretic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75593685" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this thesis, we will study the * embedding of classical first-order logic in first-order S4, which is based on the * translation, originally introduced in Fitting (1970). The initial, main part is dedicated to a detailed modeltheoretic proof of the soundness of the embedding. This will follow the proof sketch in Fitting (1970). We will then outline a proof procedure for a proof-theoretic replication of the soundness result. Afterwards, a potential proof of faithfulness of the * embedding, read in terms of soundness and completeness, will be discussed. We will particularly highlight the many difficulties coming with it. In the final section, we will relate this discussion to the debate on notational variance in French (2019). We will do this by showing how a weaker version of French's notion of 'expressive equivalence' conforms to the model-theoretic soundness result. We will then conclude that the soundness result without completeness might contain rather little overall insight by relating it to the extensibility of classical logic to S4.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75593685" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e85a52cc314ca8cb0a82d6459248407" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83300602,"asset_id":75593685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83300602/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="117491292" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/SophieNagler">Sophie Nagler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="117491292" type="text/json">{"id":117491292,"first_name":"Sophie","last_name":"Nagler","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"SophieNagler","display_name":"Sophie Nagler","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/SophieNagler?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/117491292/28738163/117678166/s65_sophie.nagler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75593685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75593685"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75593685, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75593685", }); 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The initial, main part is dedicated to a detailed modeltheoretic proof of the soundness of the embedding. This will follow the proof sketch in Fitting (1970). We will then outline a proof procedure for a proof-theoretic replication of the soundness result. Afterwards, a potential proof of faithfulness of the * embedding, read in terms of soundness and completeness, will be discussed. We will particularly highlight the many difficulties coming with it. In the final section, we will relate this discussion to the debate on notational variance in French (2019). We will do this by showing how a weaker version of French's notion of 'expressive equivalence' conforms to the model-theoretic soundness result. We will then conclude that the soundness result without completeness might contain rather little overall insight by relating it to the extensibility of classical logic to S4.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83300602,"asset_id":75593685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":117491292,"first_name":"Sophie","last_name":"Nagler","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"SophieNagler","display_name":"Sophie Nagler","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/SophieNagler?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/117491292/28738163/117678166/s65_sophie.nagler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":361,"name":"Modal Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modal_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2392,"name":"Proof Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proof_Theory?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":17442,"name":"Mathematical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35159333" data-work_id="35159333" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35159333/%C4%B0DEALAR_TEOR%C4%B0S%C4%B0_BA%C4%9ELAMINDA_PLATONDA_AKIL_%C4%B0LKELER%C4%B0N%C4%B0N_ANAL%C4%B0Z%C4%B0_ANALYSIS_OF_LOGICAL_PRINCIPLES_IN_PLATO_IN_CONJECTION_WITH_THE_THEORY_OF_IDEAS">İDEALAR TEORİSİ BAĞLAMINDA PLATON'DA AKIL İLKELERİNİN ANALİZİ / ANALYSIS OF LOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN PLATO IN CONJECTION WITH THE THEORY OF IDEAS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ÖZET Bu makalede, klasik mantığın dayandığı temel sayılan ve akıl ilkeleri olarak bilinen özdeşlik, çelişmezlik ve üçüncü halin imkânsızlığının Platon'un eserlerindeki anlamı ve kullanımı analiz edilmektedir. Platon, özcü varlık... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35159333" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ÖZET Bu makalede, klasik mantığın dayandığı temel sayılan ve akıl ilkeleri olarak bilinen özdeşlik, çelişmezlik ve üçüncü halin imkânsızlığının Platon'un eserlerindeki anlamı ve kullanımı analiz edilmektedir. Platon, özcü varlık anlayışından hareket eden, bu sayede doğru bilginin imkânını savunan bir filozof olarak, öğrencisi ve mantığın kurucusu Aristoteles'ten önce bu ilkeleri tanımlamış ve kullanmıştır. İdealar ve görüngüler âlemi olarak ayırdığı varlıkta, hakikati ideaların bir özelliği kabul eden Platon, özdeşliği bu aşkın varlıklardan hareketle temellendirmiş, sonrasında çelişmezlik ve üçüncü halin imkânsızlığı ilkeleriyle görüngüler âleminde var olan değişim problemine çözüm üretmeye çalışmıştır. Filozofun sisteminde idealar ve görüngüler arasındaki ontik ayrılık, yeniden hatırlama teorisiyle birleştirilerek, akıl ilkelerinin elde edilmesini ve uygulanmasını içine alan bütün epistemik süreçler tutarlı bir şekilde temellendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle bu ilkelerin mahiyeti ve tanımı, Aristoteles ile kıyaslamalar yapılarak, ontolojik ve epistemik açıdan incelenmekte, sonrasında ise Platon'un eserlerindeki uygulamalarıyla örneklendirilerek ele alınmaktadır. ABSTRACT In this article, the principles of logic, identity, non-contradiction and the excluded middle, regarded as the grounds of classical logic, are analysed in the philosophy of Plato. As a philosopher, Plato, accepting the possibility of true knowledge from an essentialist ontology, both identified and used these principles before his student, Aristotle, namely the founder of classical logic. </div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35159333" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d240700e7354665361914d5545ec5c16" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55021501,"asset_id":35159333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55021501/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65201391" href="https://suleyman-demirel.academia.edu/YunusEmreAKBAY">Yunus Emre AKBAY</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65201391" type="text/json">{"id":65201391,"first_name":"Yunus Emre","last_name":"AKBAY","domain_name":"suleyman-demirel","page_name":"YunusEmreAKBAY","display_name":"Yunus Emre AKBAY","profile_url":"https://suleyman-demirel.academia.edu/YunusEmreAKBAY?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65201391/16966933/17523532/s65_yunus_emre.akbay.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35159333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35159333"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35159333, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35159333", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35159333]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35159333").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35159333").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35159333"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="924" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic">Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="924" type="text/json">{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2018" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato">Plato</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2018" type="text/json">{"id":2018,"name":"Plato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="110613" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Felsefe">Felsefe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="110613" type="text/json">{"id":110613,"name":"Felsefe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Felsefe?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic">Classical Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123226" type="text/json">{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35159333]'), work: {"id":35159333,"title":"İDEALAR TEORİSİ BAĞLAMINDA PLATON'DA AKIL İLKELERİNİN ANALİZİ / ANALYSIS OF LOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN PLATO IN CONJECTION WITH THE THEORY OF IDEAS","created_at":"2017-11-16T00:41:50.526-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35159333/%C4%B0DEALAR_TEOR%C4%B0S%C4%B0_BA%C4%9ELAMINDA_PLATONDA_AKIL_%C4%B0LKELER%C4%B0N%C4%B0N_ANAL%C4%B0Z%C4%B0_ANALYSIS_OF_LOGICAL_PRINCIPLES_IN_PLATO_IN_CONJECTION_WITH_THE_THEORY_OF_IDEAS?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_35159333","summary":"ÖZET Bu makalede, klasik mantığın dayandığı temel sayılan ve akıl ilkeleri olarak bilinen özdeşlik, çelişmezlik ve üçüncü halin imkânsızlığının Platon'un eserlerindeki anlamı ve kullanımı analiz edilmektedir. Platon, özcü varlık anlayışından hareket eden, bu sayede doğru bilginin imkânını savunan bir filozof olarak, öğrencisi ve mantığın kurucusu Aristoteles'ten önce bu ilkeleri tanımlamış ve kullanmıştır. İdealar ve görüngüler âlemi olarak ayırdığı varlıkta, hakikati ideaların bir özelliği kabul eden Platon, özdeşliği bu aşkın varlıklardan hareketle temellendirmiş, sonrasında çelişmezlik ve üçüncü halin imkânsızlığı ilkeleriyle görüngüler âleminde var olan değişim problemine çözüm üretmeye çalışmıştır. Filozofun sisteminde idealar ve görüngüler arasındaki ontik ayrılık, yeniden hatırlama teorisiyle birleştirilerek, akıl ilkelerinin elde edilmesini ve uygulanmasını içine alan bütün epistemik süreçler tutarlı bir şekilde temellendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle bu ilkelerin mahiyeti ve tanımı, Aristoteles ile kıyaslamalar yapılarak, ontolojik ve epistemik açıdan incelenmekte, sonrasında ise Platon'un eserlerindeki uygulamalarıyla örneklendirilerek ele alınmaktadır. ABSTRACT In this article, the principles of logic, identity, non-contradiction and the excluded middle, regarded as the grounds of classical logic, are analysed in the philosophy of Plato. As a philosopher, Plato, accepting the possibility of true knowledge from an essentialist ontology, both identified and used these principles before his student, Aristotle, namely the founder of classical logic. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55021501,"asset_id":35159333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65201391,"first_name":"Yunus Emre","last_name":"AKBAY","domain_name":"suleyman-demirel","page_name":"YunusEmreAKBAY","display_name":"Yunus Emre AKBAY","profile_url":"https://suleyman-demirel.academia.edu/YunusEmreAKBAY?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65201391/16966933/17523532/s65_yunus_emre.akbay.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2018,"name":"Plato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":110613,"name":"Felsefe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Felsefe?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":428109,"name":"Mantık","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mant%C4%B1k?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1200412,"name":"Klasik Mantık","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Klasik_Mantik?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4323040 coauthored" data-work_id="4323040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4323040/The_acquisition_of_disjunction_Evidence_for_a_grammatical_view_of_scalar_implicatures">The acquisition of disjunction: Evidence for a grammatical view of scalar implicatures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4323040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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work_29731617" data-work_id="29731617" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29731617/Preference_Modelling">Preference Modelling</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper provides the reader with a presentation of preference modelling fundamental notions as well as some recent results in this field. Preference modelling is an inevitable step in a variety of fields: economy, sociology,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29731617" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper provides the reader with a presentation of preference modelling fundamental notions as well as some recent results in this field. Preference modelling is an inevitable step in a variety of fields: economy, sociology, psychology, mathematical programming, even medicine, archaeology, and obviously decision analysis. Our notation and some basic definitions, such as those of binary relation, properties and</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29731617" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d866aa3d3c830c74022e1cfcbd70912a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50187432,"asset_id":29731617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50187432/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56319534" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/PhilippeVincke">Philippe Vincke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56319534" type="text/json">{"id":56319534,"first_name":"Philippe","last_name":"Vincke","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"PhilippeVincke","display_name":"Philippe Vincke","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/PhilippeVincke?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29731617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29731617"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29731617, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29731617", }); 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Classical and modern logic of frame outline commit relationship between language concept exiting. The entry that consist of relationship classical logic and language, in history of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33302346" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Work consist of one entry, two part and one end. Classical and modern logic of frame outline commit relationship between language concept exiting. The entry that consist of relationship classical logic and language, in history of philosophy. First part consist of relationship between concept exiting, second part consist of relationship between language concept. 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Tümdengelim çıkarımlarında çıkarımlar aşkınsal değildir; yani sonuç önermesi öncüllerden daha fazla bilgi barındırmaz. Tümevarım(indüksiyon) ve... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37050740" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Klasik mantıkta tek geçerli ve zorunlu çıkarım türü “Tümdengelim(Dedüksiyon,syllogism)”dir. Tümdengelim çıkarımlarında çıkarımlar aşkınsal<br />değildir; yani sonuç önermesi öncüllerden daha fazla bilgi barındırmaz.<br />Tümevarım(indüksiyon) ve geriçıkarım(abduction) türleri ise aşkınsal olup, zorunlu sonuç<br />barındırmaz. Ayrıca mantık, önermelerin içeriğinin doğru olup olmadığı ile kesinlikle<br />ilgilenmez. Sadece biçimi(formu) ile ilgilenir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37050740" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac6b673328a3e0d7f1b8b84120771c2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57001476,"asset_id":37050740,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57001476/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54589479" href="https://29mayis.academia.edu/masumgokyuz">Masum Gökyüz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54589479" type="text/json">{"id":54589479,"first_name":"Masum","last_name":"Gökyüz","domain_name":"29mayis","page_name":"masumgokyuz","display_name":"Masum Gökyüz","profile_url":"https://29mayis.academia.edu/masumgokyuz?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54589479/14397340/159453876/s65_masum.g_ky_z.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37050740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37050740"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37050740, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37050740", }); 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Tümdengelim çıkarımlarında çıkarımlar aşkınsal\ndeğildir; yani sonuç önermesi öncüllerden daha fazla bilgi barındırmaz.\nTümevarım(indüksiyon) ve geriçıkarım(abduction) türleri ise aşkınsal olup, zorunlu sonuç\nbarındırmaz. Ayrıca mantık, önermelerin içeriğinin doğru olup olmadığı ile kesinlikle\nilgilenmez. Sadece biçimi(formu) ile ilgilenir.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57001476,"asset_id":37050740,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54589479,"first_name":"Masum","last_name":"Gökyüz","domain_name":"29mayis","page_name":"masumgokyuz","display_name":"Masum Gökyüz","profile_url":"https://29mayis.academia.edu/masumgokyuz?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54589479/14397340/159453876/s65_masum.g_ky_z.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":13279,"name":"Philosophy of Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":18775,"name":"Aristotelian Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotelian_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5146443" data-work_id="5146443" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5146443/J_Doomen_The_Problems_of_Scepticism">J. Doomen, The Problems of Scepticism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article is focused on answering the question to what extent one can be a sceptic. Sextus Empiricus’s Outlines of Scepticism serves as a guide. In section 1, it is investigated whether three logical laws have a certain foundation or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5146443" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article is focused on answering the question to what extent one can be a sceptic. Sextus Empiricus’s Outlines of Scepticism serves as a guide. In section 1, it is investigated whether three logical laws have a certain foundation or are subject to doubt. In section 2, Sextus’s way to deal with these laws is examined; the question arises how dogmatic his approach is. After that, a possible ‘reply’ by Sextus to the criticism receives attention. Section 3 is concentrated on a possible alternative to Sextus’s approach. Besides logical laws, some important methods are concerned.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5146443" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22cb54e1941ca8bbbd55b7e05b7ec5d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54508673,"asset_id":5146443,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54508673/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2261419" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JasperDoomen">Jasper Doomen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2261419" type="text/json">{"id":2261419,"first_name":"Jasper","last_name":"Doomen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JasperDoomen","display_name":"Jasper Doomen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JasperDoomen?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5146443 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5146443"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5146443, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5146443", }); 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Doomen, The Problems of Scepticism","created_at":"2013-11-18T19:58:37.351-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5146443/J_Doomen_The_Problems_of_Scepticism?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_5146443","summary":"This article is focused on answering the question to what extent one can be a sceptic. Sextus Empiricus’s Outlines of Scepticism serves as a guide. In section 1, it is investigated whether three logical laws have a certain foundation or are subject to doubt. In section 2, Sextus’s way to deal with these laws is examined; the question arises how dogmatic his approach is. After that, a possible ‘reply’ by Sextus to the criticism receives attention. Section 3 is concentrated on a possible alternative to Sextus’s approach. Besides logical laws, some important methods are concerned.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54508673,"asset_id":5146443,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2261419,"first_name":"Jasper","last_name":"Doomen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JasperDoomen","display_name":"Jasper Doomen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JasperDoomen?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":360,"name":"Logic And Foundations Of 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systems that may be said to characterize classical propositional logic indirectly (and non-standardly): refutation systems, which prove sound and complete with respect to classical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45594983" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We offer a critical overview of two sorts of proof systems that may be said to characterize classical propositional logic indirectly (and non-standardly): refutation systems, which prove sound and complete with respect to classical contradictions, and rejection systems, which prove sound and complete with respect to the larger set of all classical non-tautologies. Systems of the latter sort are especially interesting, as they show that classical propositional logic can be given a paraconsistent characterization. In both cases, we consider Hilbert-style systems as well as Gentzen-style sequent calculi and natural-deduction formalisms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45594983" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11cee77420e93f93430a5e9242113d6d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":93450528,"asset_id":45594983,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93450528/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2554639" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/AchilleVarzi">Achille C . 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Varzi","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/AchilleVarzi?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2554639/5007517/50629209/s65_achille.varzi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45594983 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45594983"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45594983, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45594983", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45594983 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45594983; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45594983"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45594983 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45594983"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45594983; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45594983]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45594983").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45594983").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45594983"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="924" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic">Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="924" type="text/json">{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proof_Theory">Proof Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2392" type="text/json">{"id":2392,"name":"Proof Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proof_Theory?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11104" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Logic">Philosophical Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11104" type="text/json">{"id":11104,"name":"Philosophical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13279" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Logic">Philosophy of Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13279" type="text/json">{"id":13279,"name":"Philosophy of Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45594983]'), work: {"id":45594983,"title":"Classical Logic through Refutation and Rejection","created_at":"2021-03-22T07:42:02.795-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45594983/Classical_Logic_through_Refutation_and_Rejection?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_45594983","summary":"We offer a critical overview of two sorts of proof systems that may be said to characterize classical propositional logic indirectly (and non-standardly): refutation systems, which prove sound and complete with respect to classical contradictions, and rejection systems, which prove sound and complete with respect to the larger set of all classical non-tautologies. Systems of the latter sort are especially interesting, as they show that classical propositional logic can be given a paraconsistent characterization. In both cases, we consider Hilbert-style systems as well as Gentzen-style sequent calculi and natural-deduction formalisms.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":93450528,"asset_id":45594983,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2554639,"first_name":"Achille","last_name":"Varzi","domain_name":"columbia","page_name":"AchilleVarzi","display_name":"Achille C . Varzi","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/AchilleVarzi?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2554639/5007517/50629209/s65_achille.varzi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2392,"name":"Proof Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proof_Theory?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":11104,"name":"Philosophical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":13279,"name":"Philosophy of Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":14023,"name":"Wittgenstein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wittgenstein?f_ri=123226"},{"id":21335,"name":"Jan Lukasiewicz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jan_Lukasiewicz?f_ri=123226"},{"id":31711,"name":"Non-Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":144833,"name":"Validity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Validity?f_ri=123226"},{"id":152278,"name":"Lógica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/L%C3%B3gica?f_ri=123226"},{"id":201559,"name":"Contradictions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contradictions?f_ri=123226"},{"id":341965,"name":"Logic (Classical and Non-standard)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic_Classical_and_Non-standard_?f_ri=123226"},{"id":467895,"name":"Logica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logica?f_ri=123226"},{"id":592102,"name":"Truth and Falsehood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Truth_and_Falsehood?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1243543,"name":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ludwig_Wittgenstein?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13299964" data-work_id="13299964" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13299964/The_Completion_of_the_Emergence_of_Modern_Logic_from_Boole_s_The_Mathematical_Analysis_of_Logic_to_Frege_s_Begriffsschrift">The Completion of the Emergence of Modern Logic from Boole’s The Mathematical Analysis of Logic to Frege’s Begriffsschrift</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13299964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="086baa689542e9a874babe865433d85a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38008942,"asset_id":13299964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38008942/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1287564" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PriyedarshiJetli">Priyedarshi Jetli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1287564" type="text/json">{"id":1287564,"first_name":"Priyedarshi","last_name":"Jetli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PriyedarshiJetli","display_name":"Priyedarshi Jetli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PriyedarshiJetli?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1287564/10629725/20349089/s65_priyedarshi.jetli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13299964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13299964"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13299964, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13299964", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13299964]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13299964").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13299964").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13299964"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modus_Ponens">Modus Ponens</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42015" type="text/json">{"id":42015,"name":"Modus Ponens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modus_Ponens?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="86034" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Analysis">Mathematical Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="86034" type="text/json">{"id":86034,"name":"Mathematical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Analysis?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic">Classical Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123226" type="text/json">{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="368005" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propositional_Calculus">Propositional Calculus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="368005" type="text/json">{"id":368005,"name":"Propositional Calculus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propositional_Calculus?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13299964]'), work: {"id":13299964,"title":"The Completion of the Emergence of Modern Logic from Boole’s The Mathematical Analysis of Logic to Frege’s Begriffsschrift","created_at":"2015-06-25T22:46:38.553-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13299964/The_Completion_of_the_Emergence_of_Modern_Logic_from_Boole_s_The_Mathematical_Analysis_of_Logic_to_Frege_s_Begriffsschrift?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_13299964","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38008942,"asset_id":13299964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1287564,"first_name":"Priyedarshi","last_name":"Jetli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PriyedarshiJetli","display_name":"Priyedarshi Jetli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PriyedarshiJetli?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1287564/10629725/20349089/s65_priyedarshi.jetli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":42015,"name":"Modus Ponens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modus_Ponens?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":86034,"name":"Mathematical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Analysis?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":368005,"name":"Propositional Calculus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propositional_Calculus?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":999059,"name":"Axioms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axioms?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35997557" data-work_id="35997557" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35997557/Alternative_Logics_and_Applied_Mathematics">Alternative Logics and Applied Mathematics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The hardest test of deviant logic is mathematics, which constitutes by far the most sustained and successful deductive enterprise in human history. With only minor exceptions, mathematicians have freely relied on classical logic,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35997557" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The hardest test of deviant logic is mathematics, which constitutes by far the most sustained and successful deductive enterprise in human history. With only minor exceptions, mathematicians have freely relied on classical logic, including principles such as the law of excluded middle, A or ¬A. They unquestioningly accept classical reasoning in proofs. When deviant logicians reject a classical principle, they face an obvious challenge: what does that mean for mathematics? Where does it leave theorems whose proofs rely on the principle?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35997557" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="16ac7cb907e26c575171ceb69b241853" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55883310,"asset_id":35997557,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55883310/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80879" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/TimothyWilliamson">Timothy Williamson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80879" type="text/json">{"id":80879,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Williamson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"TimothyWilliamson","display_name":"Timothy Williamson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/TimothyWilliamson?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80879/4931387/5667068/s65_timothy.williamson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35997557 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35997557"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35997557, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35997557", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35997557]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35997557").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35997557").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35997557"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Philosophy Of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="807" type="text/json">{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="924" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic">Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="924" type="text/json">{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35997557]'), work: {"id":35997557,"title":"Alternative Logics and Applied Mathematics","created_at":"2018-02-23T11:52:48.574-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35997557/Alternative_Logics_and_Applied_Mathematics?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_35997557","summary":"The hardest test of deviant logic is mathematics, which constitutes by far the most sustained and successful deductive enterprise in human history. With only minor exceptions, mathematicians have freely relied on classical logic, including principles such as the law of excluded middle, A or ¬A. They unquestioningly accept classical reasoning in proofs. When deviant logicians reject a classical principle, they face an obvious challenge: what does that mean for mathematics? Where does it leave theorems whose proofs rely on the principle?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55883310,"asset_id":35997557,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80879,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Williamson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"TimothyWilliamson","display_name":"Timothy Williamson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/TimothyWilliamson?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80879/4931387/5667068/s65_timothy.williamson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2509,"name":"Philosophy Of Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Mathematics?f_ri=123226"},{"id":11104,"name":"Philosophical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":31711,"name":"Non-Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9715240" data-work_id="9715240" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9715240/Semantic_Paradoxes_and_Abductive_Methodology">Semantic Paradoxes and Abductive Methodology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Understandably absorbed in technical details, discussion of the semantic paradoxes risks losing sight of broad methodological principles. This essay sketches a general approach to the comparison of rival logics, and applies it to argue... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9715240" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Understandably absorbed in technical details, discussion of the semantic paradoxes risks losing sight of broad methodological principles. This essay sketches a general approach to the comparison of rival logics, and applies it to argue that revision of classical propositional logic has much higher costs than its proponents typically recognize.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9715240" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47d5f4d5999aaa255cb5a7c9c9d15df6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35902835,"asset_id":9715240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35902835/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80879" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/TimothyWilliamson">Timothy Williamson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80879" type="text/json">{"id":80879,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Williamson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"TimothyWilliamson","display_name":"Timothy Williamson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/TimothyWilliamson?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80879/4931387/5667068/s65_timothy.williamson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9715240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9715240"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9715240, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9715240", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9715240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9715240").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9715240").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9715240"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Philosophy Of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="807" type="text/json">{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="924" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic">Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="924" type="text/json">{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2349" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics">Semantics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2349" type="text/json">{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9715240]'), work: {"id":9715240,"title":"Semantic Paradoxes and Abductive Methodology","created_at":"2014-12-10T14:01:08.623-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9715240/Semantic_Paradoxes_and_Abductive_Methodology?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_9715240","summary":"Understandably absorbed in technical details, discussion of the semantic paradoxes risks losing sight of broad methodological principles. This essay sketches a general approach to the comparison of rival logics, and applies it to argue that revision of classical propositional logic has much higher costs than its proponents typically recognize.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35902835,"asset_id":9715240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80879,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Williamson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"TimothyWilliamson","display_name":"Timothy Williamson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/TimothyWilliamson?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80879/4931387/5667068/s65_timothy.williamson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":11104,"name":"Philosophical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":13279,"name":"Philosophy of Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":40098,"name":"Liar Paradox","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liar_Paradox?f_ri=123226"},{"id":42165,"name":"Semantic Paradoxes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Paradoxes?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37726546" data-work_id="37726546" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37726546/KAR%C5%9EITLIK_KARES%C4%B0N%C4%B0N_EVR%C4%B0M%C4%B0_VII_Mant%C4%B1k_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Ftay%C4%B1_Kitab%C4%B1_s_629_645_">KARŞITLIK KARESİNİN EVRİMİ ("VII. Mantık Çalıştayı Kitabı" s.629-645.)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Square of opposition is one of the most important problems of philosophy of logic that it has been discussed, specially, in classical logic issues. Propositions which represent the corners of square and relations between these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37726546" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Square of opposition is one of the most important problems of philosophy of logic that it has been discussed, specially, in classical logic issues. Propositions which represent the corners of square and relations between these propositions have been constantly argued. Furthermore, these relations have been studied not only in terms of categorical propositions but also modal, temporal statements, quantifiers, propositionals and so on. These discussions have not been emphasized from Medieval Age to 19th Century. Through the late 19th Century, however, the remarkable criticisms about square has been begun especially about relations between propositions. These criticisims provided to turn into firstly hexagon, then octagon, finally three-dimensional tetrahexahedron of the square. In our studying we will examine how square of opposition has turn into expanding from a square to a tetrahexahedron in point of categorical propositions and modal propositions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37726546" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95d62f2bca7ec012154522fa65edd641" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57720119,"asset_id":37726546,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57720119/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43420943" href="https://istanbul.academia.edu/HaliseTar%C4%B1mc%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu">Halise Avşar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43420943" type="text/json">{"id":43420943,"first_name":"Halise","last_name":"Avşar","domain_name":"istanbul","page_name":"HaliseTarımcıoğlu","display_name":"Halise Avşar","profile_url":"https://istanbul.academia.edu/HaliseTar%C4%B1mc%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43420943/24261350/152183992/s65_halise.av_ar.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37726546 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37726546"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37726546, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37726546", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37726546]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37726546").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37726546").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37726546"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40099" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propositions">Propositions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40099" type="text/json">{"id":40099,"name":"Propositions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propositions?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic">Classical Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123226" type="text/json">{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="683129" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Square_of_Opposition">Square of Opposition</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="683129" type="text/json">{"id":683129,"name":"Square of Opposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Square_of_Opposition?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37726546]'), work: {"id":37726546,"title":"KARŞITLIK KARESİNİN EVRİMİ (\"VII. Mantık Çalıştayı Kitabı\" s.629-645.)","created_at":"2018-11-08T05:02:06.583-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37726546/KAR%C5%9EITLIK_KARES%C4%B0N%C4%B0N_EVR%C4%B0M%C4%B0_VII_Mant%C4%B1k_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Ftay%C4%B1_Kitab%C4%B1_s_629_645_?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_37726546","summary":"Square of opposition is one of the most important problems of philosophy of logic that it has been discussed, specially, in classical logic issues. Propositions which represent the corners of square and relations between these propositions have been constantly argued. Furthermore, these relations have been studied not only in terms of categorical propositions but also modal, temporal statements, quantifiers, propositionals and so on. These discussions have not been emphasized from Medieval Age to 19th Century. Through the late 19th Century, however, the remarkable criticisms about square has been begun especially about relations between propositions. These criticisims provided to turn into firstly hexagon, then octagon, finally three-dimensional tetrahexahedron of the square. In our studying we will examine how square of opposition has turn into expanding from a square to a tetrahexahedron in point of categorical propositions and modal propositions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57720119,"asset_id":37726546,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43420943,"first_name":"Halise","last_name":"Avşar","domain_name":"istanbul","page_name":"HaliseTarımcıoğlu","display_name":"Halise Avşar","profile_url":"https://istanbul.academia.edu/HaliseTar%C4%B1mc%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43420943/24261350/152183992/s65_halise.av_ar.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":40099,"name":"Propositions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propositions?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":683129,"name":"Square of Opposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Square_of_Opposition?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75100344 coauthored" data-work_id="75100344" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75100344/The_Forms_of_Categorical_Proposition">The Forms of Categorical Proposition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An exhaustive survey of categorical propositions is proposed in the present paper, both with respect to their nature and the logical problems raised by them. Through a comparative analysis of Term Logic and First-Order Logic, it is shown... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75100344" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An exhaustive survey of categorical propositions is proposed in the present paper, both with respect to their nature and the logical problems raised by them. Through a comparative analysis of Term Logic and First-Order Logic, it is shown that the famous problem of existential import may be solved in two ways: with a model-adaptive strategy, in which the square of opposition is validated by restricting the models; with a language-adaptive strategy, in which the logical form of categorical propositions is extended in order to validate the square in every model. The latter strategy is advocated in the name of logic, which means truth in every model. Finally, the present paper needs some automatic process in order to determine the nature of logical relations between any pair of the available 256 categorical propositions. This requires the implementation of a programming machine in the style of Prolog.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75100344" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4269aa6e87a332041bbc411261184b08" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83005841,"asset_id":75100344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83005841/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3126092" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FabienSchang">Fabien Schang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3126092" type="text/json">{"id":3126092,"first_name":"Fabien","last_name":"Schang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FabienSchang","display_name":"Fabien Schang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FabienSchang?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3126092/1070332/1335875/s65_fabien.schang.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-75100344">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-75100344"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ubishops.academia.edu/GeorgeEnglebretsen">George Englebretsen</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-75100344'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-75100344').html(); 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Through a comparative analysis of Term Logic and First-Order Logic, it is shown that the famous problem of existential import may be solved in two ways: with a model-adaptive strategy, in which the square of opposition is validated by restricting the models; with a language-adaptive strategy, in which the logical form of categorical propositions is extended in order to validate the square in every model. The latter strategy is advocated in the name of logic, which means truth in every model. Finally, the present paper needs some automatic process in order to determine the nature of logical relations between any pair of the available 256 categorical propositions. This requires the implementation of a programming machine in the style of Prolog.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83005841,"asset_id":75100344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3126092,"first_name":"Fabien","last_name":"Schang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FabienSchang","display_name":"Fabien Schang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FabienSchang?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3126092/1070332/1335875/s65_fabien.schang.jpg"},{"id":3154679,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Englebretsen","domain_name":"ubishops","page_name":"GeorgeEnglebretsen","display_name":"George Englebretsen","profile_url":"https://ubishops.academia.edu/GeorgeEnglebretsen?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3154679/1036894/11414349/s65_george.englebretsen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28991,"name":"Formal Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formal_Semantics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":60143,"name":"Venn diagrams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venn_diagrams?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":683129,"name":"Square of Opposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Square_of_Opposition?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":705484,"name":"Bitstrings Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bitstrings_Theory?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1631081,"name":"Categorical Proposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Categorical_Proposition?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1633953,"name":"Existential import","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Existential_import?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4156811" data-work_id="4156811" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4156811/Quines_challenge_and_Logical_Pluralism">Quine's challenge and Logical Pluralism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4156811" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="59f595c8d90705181c377e92973d9123" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31664217,"asset_id":4156811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31664217/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5021721" href="https://unisi.academia.edu/AntonioNegro">Antonio Negro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5021721" type="text/json">{"id":5021721,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Negro","domain_name":"unisi","page_name":"AntonioNegro","display_name":"Antonio Negro","profile_url":"https://unisi.academia.edu/AntonioNegro?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5021721/2182453/9308405/s65_antonio.negro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4156811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4156811"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4156811, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4156811", }); 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Quine accused him of making a silly mistake in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41989353" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Russell’s role in the controversy about the paradoxes of material implication is usually presented as a tale of how even the greatest minds can fall prey to basic conceptual confusions. Quine accused him of making a silly mistake in Principia Mathematica. He interpreted “if-then” as a version of “implies” and called it material implication. Quine’s accusation is that this decision involved a use-mention fallacy because the antecedent and consequent of “if-then” are used instead of being mentioned as the premise and the conclusion of an implication relation. It was his opinion that the criticisms and alternatives to the material implication presented by C. I. Lewis and others would never be made in the first place if Russell simply called the Philonian construction “material conditional” instead of “material implication”. Quine’s interpretation of the topic became hugely influential if not universally accepted. This paper will present the following criticisms against this interpretation: (1) the notion of material implication does not involve a use-mention fallacy, since the components of “if-then” are mentioned and not used; (2) Quine’s belief that the components of “if-then” are used was motivated by a conditional-assertion view of conditionals that is widely controversial and faces numerous difficulties; (3) if anything, it was Quine who could be accused of fallacious reasoning: he ignored that in the assertion of a conditional is the whole proposition that is asserted and not its constituents; (4) the Philonian construction remains counter-intuitive even if it is called “material conditional”; (5) the Philonian construction is more plausible when it is interpreted as a material implication.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41989353" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c348c6390e02ce2570cd32e736feb6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":100194300,"asset_id":41989353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100194300/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4663839" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatheusSilva1319">Matheus Silva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4663839" type="text/json">{"id":4663839,"first_name":"Matheus","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatheusSilva1319","display_name":"Matheus Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatheusSilva1319?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41989353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41989353"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41989353, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41989353", }); 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Quine accused him of making a silly mistake in Principia Mathematica. He interpreted “if-then” as a version of “implies” and called it material implication. Quine’s accusation is that this decision involved a use-mention fallacy because the antecedent and consequent of “if-then” are used instead of being mentioned as the premise and the conclusion of an implication relation. It was his opinion that the criticisms and alternatives to the material implication presented by C. I. Lewis and others would never be made in the first place if Russell simply called the Philonian construction “material conditional” instead of “material implication”. Quine’s interpretation of the topic became hugely influential if not universally accepted. This paper will present the following criticisms against this interpretation: (1) the notion of material implication does not involve a use-mention fallacy, since the components of “if-then” are mentioned and not used; (2) Quine’s belief that the components of “if-then” are used was motivated by a conditional-assertion view of conditionals that is widely controversial and faces numerous difficulties; (3) if anything, it was Quine who could be accused of fallacious reasoning: he ignored that in the assertion of a conditional is the whole proposition that is asserted and not its constituents; (4) the Philonian construction remains counter-intuitive even if it is called “material conditional”; (5) the Philonian construction is more plausible when it is interpreted as a material implication.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":100194300,"asset_id":41989353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4663839,"first_name":"Matheus","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatheusSilva1319","display_name":"Matheus Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatheusSilva1319?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":936,"name":"History of Analytic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Analytic_Philosophy?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":5972,"name":"History of Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":10985,"name":"Conditionals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditionals?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":13279,"name":"Philosophy of Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":13743,"name":"Logical Consequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logical_Consequence?f_ri=123226"},{"id":17441,"name":"Bertrand Russell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bertrand_Russell?f_ri=123226"},{"id":25729,"name":"Willard Van Orman Quine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Willard_Van_Orman_Quine?f_ri=123226"},{"id":39522,"name":"Conditionals (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditionals_Philosophy_?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":136480,"name":"Material 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39921743" data-work_id="39921743" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39921743/%C5%81ukasiewicz_Jan_2015_Sobre_el_principio_de_contradicci%C3%B3n_en_Arist%C3%B3teles">Łukasiewicz, Jan (2015). Sobre el principio de contradicción en Aristóteles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En aquesta ressenya, intentaré presentar la traducció de l'Über den Satz des Wi-derspruchs bei Aristoteles, de Jan Łukasi-ewicz, publicat per primera vegada l'any 1910 al Bulletin International de l'Acadé-mie des Sciences de Cracovie.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39921743" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En aquesta ressenya, intentaré presentar la traducció de l'Über den Satz des Wi-derspruchs bei Aristoteles, de Jan Łukasi-ewicz, publicat per primera vegada l'any 1910 al Bulletin International de l'Acadé-mie des Sciences de Cracovie. Malgrat que es tracta d'un text breu, les poques pà-gines de què consta mostren un to con-tundent. Això no obstant, el lector no ha d'oblidar que això és degut al fet que es troba amb un escrit sobre lògica i que, per tant, hi manca tot l'entramat argu-mentatiu, típic de la majoria de textos filosòfics, a la vegada que hi conserva tota la força. Aquesta circumstància, a la vegada, dificulta força tot intent de resu-mir-lo o d'explicar-lo, i és per aquest motiu que he decidit presentar-lo d'una manera no lineal, això és, d'una manera que n'expliqui la potència. Podríem dir que el llibre, desglossat en vint punts, es divideix en dues parts. A la primera, del punt 1 al 17 (p. 23-48), Łukasiewicz s'enfronta directament amb el principi de contradicció d'Aris-tòtil, mentre que, a la segona, del punt 18 al 20 (p. 48-53), pretén mostrar que les motivacions que empenyen l'Estagi-rita a realitzar una formulació d'aquest tipus són ètiques i que, per tant, l'apa-rent logicitat no és sinó una disfressa. Així doncs, com veurem, el que s'inten-ta mostrar és que el principi no és lògic, és a dir, axiològic, sinó dogmàtic, amb la qual cosa criteris com ara els de neces-sitat o possibilitat se situen en una altra dimensió. La meva intenció és començar per aquesta segona part, a la vegada que in-tento contextualitzar la problemàtica que, d'altra banda, Łukasiewicz ja es-menta al text, però sempre ho faré d'una manera secundària, com d'escenari, en altres paraules, de fons. El primer de tot és ressaltar que l'autor parteix de dos pressupòsits, a saber, el primer, que la lògica del seu moment implica una revo-lució enfront de l'antiga, equiparable a la que va implicar la nova geometria en-front de l'euclidiana, i, el segon, que l'obra d'Aristòtil és la compilació més important de l'antiga lògica i que, per tant, ajuntant ara aquests dos pressupò-sits, és menester revisar-la a partir de totes les innovacions. El llibre que ens ocupa tracta el Principi de contradicció d'Aristòtil, centrat en el llibre iv de la «Metafísica», però que també apareix al «De Interpretatione», als «Analítics pri-mers» i als «Analítics segons». Aquest pro-tagonisme és degut al fet que aquest prin-cipi se situa com a últim i, al final, com a suprem. Dit en altres paraules, que és punt d'inici de tot. Com se sap, en un sentit molt general, el principi de con-tradicció afirma el següent: «un objecte no pot tenir i no tenir a la vegada alguna propietat». Per Łukasiewicz, això implica un error lògic a dos nivells. El primer té a veure amb l'extensió a tres nivells que Aristòtil fa del principi de contradicció i el segon que, malgrat que podria ser-ne un de lògic, igualment no acompleix la prioritat desitjada. Comencem sobre el darrer esmentat, ja que, tal com he dit quan donava compte de l'ordre que seguirà aquest es-crit, correspondria a la segona part. Łukasiewicz fa notar que l'atribució de principi últim al principi de contradicció prové de la creença que aquest és autoe-vident. Això es pot entendre de moltes maneres, però, principalment, vol dir que no requereix demostració ni en ne-cessita, en un sentit lògic; però també, en un sentit epistemològic, i seguint la classificació que s'explicarà després, també en un sentit psicològic, això és, que accep-Łukasiewicz, Jan (2015) Sobre el principio de contradicción en Aristóteles Madrid: Encuentro (Opuscula Philosophica, 55), 64 p.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39921743" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b1adadf8459efe56c1adb22c68fe61bb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60110498,"asset_id":39921743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60110498/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="95501037" href="https://bsc-es.academia.edu/AlgerSansPinillos">Alger Sans Pinillos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="95501037" type="text/json">{"id":95501037,"first_name":"Alger","last_name":"Sans Pinillos","domain_name":"bsc-es","page_name":"AlgerSansPinillos","display_name":"Alger Sans Pinillos","profile_url":"https://bsc-es.academia.edu/AlgerSansPinillos?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/95501037/20880490/154526995/s65_alger.sans_pinillos.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39921743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39921743"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39921743, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39921743", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39921743]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39921743").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39921743").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39921743"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2019" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2019" type="text/json">{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21335" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jan_Lukasiewicz">Jan Lukasiewicz</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21335" type="text/json">{"id":21335,"name":"Jan Lukasiewicz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jan_Lukasiewicz?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Classical_Logic">Non-Classical Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31711" type="text/json">{"id":31711,"name":"Non-Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic">Classical Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123226" type="text/json">{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39921743]'), work: {"id":39921743,"title":"Łukasiewicz, Jan (2015). Sobre el principio de contradicción en Aristóteles","created_at":"2019-07-25T01:07:56.672-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39921743/%C5%81ukasiewicz_Jan_2015_Sobre_el_principio_de_contradicci%C3%B3n_en_Arist%C3%B3teles?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_39921743","summary":"En aquesta ressenya, intentaré presentar la traducció de l'Über den Satz des Wi-derspruchs bei Aristoteles, de Jan Łukasi-ewicz, publicat per primera vegada l'any 1910 al Bulletin International de l'Acadé-mie des Sciences de Cracovie. Malgrat que es tracta d'un text breu, les poques pà-gines de què consta mostren un to con-tundent. Això no obstant, el lector no ha d'oblidar que això és degut al fet que es troba amb un escrit sobre lògica i que, per tant, hi manca tot l'entramat argu-mentatiu, típic de la majoria de textos filosòfics, a la vegada que hi conserva tota la força. Aquesta circumstància, a la vegada, dificulta força tot intent de resu-mir-lo o d'explicar-lo, i és per aquest motiu que he decidit presentar-lo d'una manera no lineal, això és, d'una manera que n'expliqui la potència. Podríem dir que el llibre, desglossat en vint punts, es divideix en dues parts. A la primera, del punt 1 al 17 (p. 23-48), Łukasiewicz s'enfronta directament amb el principi de contradicció d'Aris-tòtil, mentre que, a la segona, del punt 18 al 20 (p. 48-53), pretén mostrar que les motivacions que empenyen l'Estagi-rita a realitzar una formulació d'aquest tipus són ètiques i que, per tant, l'apa-rent logicitat no és sinó una disfressa. Així doncs, com veurem, el que s'inten-ta mostrar és que el principi no és lògic, és a dir, axiològic, sinó dogmàtic, amb la qual cosa criteris com ara els de neces-sitat o possibilitat se situen en una altra dimensió. La meva intenció és començar per aquesta segona part, a la vegada que in-tento contextualitzar la problemàtica que, d'altra banda, Łukasiewicz ja es-menta al text, però sempre ho faré d'una manera secundària, com d'escenari, en altres paraules, de fons. El primer de tot és ressaltar que l'autor parteix de dos pressupòsits, a saber, el primer, que la lògica del seu moment implica una revo-lució enfront de l'antiga, equiparable a la que va implicar la nova geometria en-front de l'euclidiana, i, el segon, que l'obra d'Aristòtil és la compilació més important de l'antiga lògica i que, per tant, ajuntant ara aquests dos pressupò-sits, és menester revisar-la a partir de totes les innovacions. El llibre que ens ocupa tracta el Principi de contradicció d'Aristòtil, centrat en el llibre iv de la «Metafísica», però que també apareix al «De Interpretatione», als «Analítics pri-mers» i als «Analítics segons». Aquest pro-tagonisme és degut al fet que aquest prin-cipi se situa com a últim i, al final, com a suprem. Dit en altres paraules, que és punt d'inici de tot. Com se sap, en un sentit molt general, el principi de con-tradicció afirma el següent: «un objecte no pot tenir i no tenir a la vegada alguna propietat». Per Łukasiewicz, això implica un error lògic a dos nivells. El primer té a veure amb l'extensió a tres nivells que Aristòtil fa del principi de contradicció i el segon que, malgrat que podria ser-ne un de lògic, igualment no acompleix la prioritat desitjada. Comencem sobre el darrer esmentat, ja que, tal com he dit quan donava compte de l'ordre que seguirà aquest es-crit, correspondria a la segona part. Łukasiewicz fa notar que l'atribució de principi últim al principi de contradicció prové de la creença que aquest és autoe-vident. Això es pot entendre de moltes maneres, però, principalment, vol dir que no requereix demostració ni en ne-cessita, en un sentit lògic; però també, en un sentit epistemològic, i seguint la classificació que s'explicarà després, també en un sentit psicològic, això és, que accep-Łukasiewicz, Jan (2015) Sobre el principio de contradicción en Aristóteles Madrid: Encuentro (Opuscula Philosophica, 55), 64 p.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60110498,"asset_id":39921743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":95501037,"first_name":"Alger","last_name":"Sans Pinillos","domain_name":"bsc-es","page_name":"AlgerSansPinillos","display_name":"Alger Sans Pinillos","profile_url":"https://bsc-es.academia.edu/AlgerSansPinillos?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/95501037/20880490/154526995/s65_alger.sans_pinillos.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":21335,"name":"Jan Lukasiewicz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jan_Lukasiewicz?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":31711,"name":"Non-Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":137711,"name":"Principle of Non-Contradiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principle_of_Non-Contradiction?f_ri=123226"},{"id":341965,"name":"Logic (Classical and Non-standard)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic_Classical_and_Non-standard_?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30492496" data-work_id="30492496" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30492496/Address_generator_realization_using_completely_specified_Boolean_functions">Address generator realization using completely-specified Boolean functions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We are proposing a cost-efficient realization scheme for completely-specified logic functions characterized by a huge disproportion. The functions described contain millions of input words but only few of them can give us information. An... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30492496" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We are proposing a cost-efficient realization scheme for completely-specified logic functions characterized by a huge disproportion. The functions described contain millions of input words but only few of them can give us information. An appropriate method of logic synthesis for identifying mentioned vectors (registered vectors) has been developed. In this method logic functions are implemented using both embedded memory blocks</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30492496" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5c67c5615f9fbace135072f7b9120723" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50931626,"asset_id":30492496,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50931626/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58070793" href="https://pw.academia.edu/GrzegorzBorowik">Grzegorz Borowik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58070793" type="text/json">{"id":58070793,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Borowik","domain_name":"pw","page_name":"GrzegorzBorowik","display_name":"Grzegorz Borowik","profile_url":"https://pw.academia.edu/GrzegorzBorowik?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58070793/15213140/15892324/s65_grzegorz.borowik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30492496 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30492496"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30492496, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30492496", }); 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The functions described contain millions of input words but only few of them can give us information. An appropriate method of logic synthesis for identifying mentioned vectors (registered vectors) has been developed. In this method logic functions are implemented using both embedded memory blocks","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50931626,"asset_id":30492496,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58070793,"first_name":"Grzegorz","last_name":"Borowik","domain_name":"pw","page_name":"GrzegorzBorowik","display_name":"Grzegorz Borowik","profile_url":"https://pw.academia.edu/GrzegorzBorowik?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58070793/15213140/15892324/s65_grzegorz.borowik.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5697,"name":"FPGA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FPGA?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":6414,"name":"Decomposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decomposition?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":17194,"name":"Field-Programmable Gate Arrays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field-Programmable_Gate_Arrays?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":256048,"name":"Circuits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circuits?f_ri=123226"},{"id":339552,"name":"Cost Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Efficiency?f_ri=123226"},{"id":609191,"name":"Logic Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic_Design?f_ri=123226"},{"id":609192,"name":"Logic Synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic_Synthesis?f_ri=123226"},{"id":851962,"name":"Programmable Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Programmable_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":968856,"name":"Programmable Logic Devices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Programmable_Logic_Devices?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1191356,"name":"Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1430261,"name":"Boolean Functions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boolean_Functions?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1735830,"name":"Boolean function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boolean_function?f_ri=123226"},{"id":2069390,"name":"Finite State Machine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_State_Machine?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3523821" data-work_id="3523821" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3523821/Hilberts_epsilon_as_an_Operator_of_Indefinite_Committed_Choice">Hilbert's epsilon as an Operator of Indefinite Committed Choice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Paul Bernays and David Hilbert carefully avoided overspecification of Hilbert's epsilon-operator and axiomatized only what was relevant for their proof-theoretic investigations. Semantically, this left the epsilon-operator underspecified.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3523821" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Paul Bernays and David Hilbert carefully avoided overspecification of Hilbert's epsilon-operator and axiomatized only what was relevant for their proof-theoretic investigations. Semantically, this left the epsilon-operator underspecified. In the meanwhile, there have been several suggestions for semantics of the epsilon as a choice operator. After reviewing the literature on semantics of Hilbert's epsilon operator, we propose a new semantics with the following features: We avoid overspecification (such as right-uniqueness), but admit indefinite choice, committed choice, and classical logics. Moreover, our semantics for the epsilon supports proof search optimally and is natural in the sense that it does not only mirror some cases of referential interpretation of indefinite articles in natural language, but may also contribute to philosophy of language. Finally, we ask the question whether our epsilon within our free-variable framework can serve as a paradigm useful in the specification and computation of semantics of discourses in natural language.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3523821" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cbd2af450d735ba006ca22faeee32977" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31251681,"asset_id":3523821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31251681/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4159245" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClausPeterWirth">Claus-Peter Wirth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4159245" type="text/json">{"id":4159245,"first_name":"Claus-Peter","last_name":"Wirth","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClausPeterWirth","display_name":"Claus-Peter Wirth","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClausPeterWirth?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4159245/1622058/1957256/s65_claus-peter.wirth.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3523821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3523821"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3523821, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3523821", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3523821]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3523821").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3523821").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3523821"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19997" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pure_Mathematics">Pure Mathematics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19997" type="text/json">{"id":19997,"name":"Pure Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pure_Mathematics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_language">Natural language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97618" type="text/json">{"id":97618,"name":"Natural language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="110961" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Logic">Applied Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="110961" type="text/json">{"id":110961,"name":"Applied Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3523821]'), work: {"id":3523821,"title":"Hilbert's epsilon as an Operator of Indefinite Committed Choice","created_at":"2013-05-13T03:32:16.193-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3523821/Hilberts_epsilon_as_an_Operator_of_Indefinite_Committed_Choice?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_3523821","summary":"Paul Bernays and David Hilbert carefully avoided overspecification of Hilbert's epsilon-operator and axiomatized only what was relevant for their proof-theoretic investigations. Semantically, this left the epsilon-operator underspecified. In the meanwhile, there have been several suggestions for semantics of the epsilon as a choice operator. After reviewing the literature on semantics of Hilbert's epsilon operator, we propose a new semantics with the following features: We avoid overspecification (such as right-uniqueness), but admit indefinite choice, committed choice, and classical logics. Moreover, our semantics for the epsilon supports proof search optimally and is natural in the sense that it does not only mirror some cases of referential interpretation of indefinite articles in natural language, but may also contribute to philosophy of language. Finally, we ask the question whether our epsilon within our free-variable framework can serve as a paradigm useful in the specification and computation of semantics of discourses in natural language.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31251681,"asset_id":3523821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4159245,"first_name":"Claus-Peter","last_name":"Wirth","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClausPeterWirth","display_name":"Claus-Peter Wirth","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClausPeterWirth?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4159245/1622058/1957256/s65_claus-peter.wirth.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":19997,"name":"Pure Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pure_Mathematics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":97618,"name":"Natural language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":110961,"name":"Applied Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":166122,"name":"Automated Theorem Proving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automated_Theorem_Proving?f_ri=123226"},{"id":271156,"name":"Interactive Theorem Proving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interactive_Theorem_Proving?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39978172" data-work_id="39978172" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39978172/Indicative_Conditionals_are_Material_Expanding_the_Survey">Indicative Conditionals are Material - Expanding the Survey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Adam Rieger (2013) has carried out a survey of arguments in favour of the material account of indicative conditionals. These arguments involve simple and direct demonstrations of the material account. I extend the survey with new... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39978172" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Adam Rieger (2013) has carried out a survey of arguments in favour of the material account of indicative conditionals. These arguments involve simple and direct demonstrations of the material account. I extend the survey with new arguments and clarify the logical connections among them. I also show that the main counterexamples against these arguments are not successful either because their premises are just as counter-intuitive as the conclusions, or because they depend on contextual fallacies. The conclusion is that the unpopularity of the material account is unjustified and that a more systematic approach in the analysis of arguments is long overdue in our attempts to understand the nature of conditionals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39978172" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2a8eeab4c758b8220147c61aad607f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80962846,"asset_id":39978172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80962846/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4663839" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatheusSilva1319">Matheus Silva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4663839" type="text/json">{"id":4663839,"first_name":"Matheus","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatheusSilva1319","display_name":"Matheus Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatheusSilva1319?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39978172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39978172"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39978172, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39978172", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39978172]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39978172").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39978172").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39978172"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Philosophy Of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="807" type="text/json">{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="924" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic">Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="924" type="text/json">{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2238" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics">Pragmatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2238" type="text/json">{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditionals">Conditionals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10985" type="text/json">{"id":10985,"name":"Conditionals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditionals?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39978172]'), work: {"id":39978172,"title":"Indicative Conditionals are Material - Expanding the Survey","created_at":"2019-07-31T05:28:25.670-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39978172/Indicative_Conditionals_are_Material_Expanding_the_Survey?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_39978172","summary":"Adam Rieger (2013) has carried out a survey of arguments in favour of the material account of indicative conditionals. These arguments involve simple and direct demonstrations of the material account. I extend the survey with new arguments and clarify the logical connections among them. I also show that the main counterexamples against these arguments are not successful either because their premises are just as counter-intuitive as the conclusions, or because they depend on contextual fallacies. The conclusion is that the unpopularity of the material account is unjustified and that a more systematic approach in the analysis of arguments is long overdue in our attempts to understand the nature of conditionals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80962846,"asset_id":39978172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4663839,"first_name":"Matheus","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatheusSilva1319","display_name":"Matheus Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatheusSilva1319?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":10985,"name":"Conditionals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditionals?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":13279,"name":"Philosophy of Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":13743,"name":"Logical Consequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logical_Consequence?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":136480,"name":"Material Implication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Implication?f_ri=123226"},{"id":987732,"name":"Indicative Conditionals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indicative_Conditionals?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4280340 coauthored" data-work_id="4280340" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4280340/Quantum_Structure_in_Cognition_Fundamentals_and_Applications">Quantum Structure in Cognition: Fundamentals and Applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4280340" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5196631" href="https://utem-cl.academia.edu/TomasVeloz">Tomas Veloz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5196631" type="text/json">{"id":5196631,"first_name":"Tomas","last_name":"Veloz","domain_name":"utem-cl","page_name":"TomasVeloz","display_name":"Tomas Veloz","profile_url":"https://utem-cl.academia.edu/TomasVeloz?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5196631/2289628/117660324/s65_tomas.veloz.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-4280340">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-4280340"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://vub.academia.edu/DiederikAerts">Diederik Aerts</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leicester.academia.edu/SandroSozzo">Sandro Sozzo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-4280340'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-4280340').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4280340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4280340"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4280340, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4280340", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4280340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: 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$(".js-view-count-work_4280340").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4280340").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4280340"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="344" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probability_Theory">Probability Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="344" type="text/json">{"id":344,"name":"Probability Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probability_Theory?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="464" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Retrieval">Information Retrieval</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="464" type="text/json">{"id":464,"name":"Information Retrieval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Retrieval?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="518" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics">Quantum Physics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="518" type="text/json">{"id":518,"name":"Quantum Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4280340]'), work: {"id":4280340,"title":"Quantum Structure in Cognition: Fundamentals and Applications","created_at":"2013-08-20T03:44:52.786-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4280340/Quantum_Structure_in_Cognition_Fundamentals_and_Applications?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_4280340","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31750046,"asset_id":4280340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5196631,"first_name":"Tomas","last_name":"Veloz","domain_name":"utem-cl","page_name":"TomasVeloz","display_name":"Tomas Veloz","profile_url":"https://utem-cl.academia.edu/TomasVeloz?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5196631/2289628/117660324/s65_tomas.veloz.jpg"},{"id":139677,"first_name":"Diederik","last_name":"Aerts","domain_name":"vub","page_name":"DiederikAerts","display_name":"Diederik 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logic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50219995" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: This paper summarizes the different characteristics of web data, the basic components of web mining and its different types, and importance of fuzzy logic its representation and the use of soft computing (comprising fuzzy logic (FL)) is discussed with the present web mining techniques. 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50219995]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50219995").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50219995").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50219995"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="146" type="text/json">{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2009" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Mining">Data Mining</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2009" type="text/json">{"id":2009,"name":"Data Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Mining?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Database_Systems">Database Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2482" type="text/json">{"id":2482,"name":"Database Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Database_Systems?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4233" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology">Computational Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4233" type="text/json">{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50219995]'), work: {"id":50219995,"title":"Application of Fuzzy Logic in Web Mining Domain: A Survey","created_at":"2021-07-24T07:51:55.966-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50219995/Application_of_Fuzzy_Logic_in_Web_Mining_Domain_A_Survey?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_50219995","summary":"Abstract: This paper summarizes the different characteristics of web data, the basic components of web mining and its different types, and importance of fuzzy logic its representation and the use of soft computing (comprising fuzzy logic (FL)) is discussed with the present web mining techniques. Fuzzy logic is used with one of the web mining technique ie","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68287622,"asset_id":50219995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":179902093,"first_name":"kirti","last_name":"singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"kirtisingh201","display_name":"kirti singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/kirtisingh201?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/179902093/100652789/89800659/s65_kirti.singh.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2009,"name":"Data Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Mining?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2482,"name":"Database Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Database_Systems?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":4278,"name":"Web Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Mining?f_ri=123226"},{"id":27360,"name":"Databases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Databases?f_ri=123226"},{"id":38511,"name":"Fuzzy Clustering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Clustering?f_ri=123226"},{"id":84990,"name":"Clustering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clustering?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44757441" data-work_id="44757441" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44757441/Logikai_l%C3%A9gv%C3%A1r">Logikai légvár</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A klasszikus logika rendszere hasonlóan a jogi norma rendszeréhez bináris modellben írható le. A klasszikus logika rendszere ugyanis egy állítás igaz és hamis fogalompárjával határozza meg az adott rendszert, míg a jogi rendszer a norma... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44757441" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A klasszikus logika rendszere hasonlóan a jogi norma rendszeréhez bináris modellben írható le. A klasszikus logika rendszere ugyanis egy állítás igaz és hamis fogalompárjával határozza meg az adott rendszert, míg a jogi rendszer a norma érvényes és érvénytelen mivoltával. A logika jogra való alkalmazásának lehetőségét-és annak a problémáját már-Kelsen Tiszta jogtan című művében kifejtette. Itt ugyanis Kelsen azt mondja, hogy a logikát azért nem lehet a jogi normákra alkalmazni, mert a jogi norma az nem igaz vagy hamis, hanem érvényes vagy érvénytelen-azaz nem rendelkezik kijelentéstartalommal. Ebből következik, hogy a (klasszikus) logikát nem lehet ebben a meghatározásban a jogra alkalmazni, mert azt csak a logikára tudjuk ilyen formában alkalmazni -továbbá úgynevezett igaz vagy hamis logikai igazságról pedig csak akkor tudunk beszélni, ha a kijelentésnek az igazságtartalmát annak logikai formája is biztosítja.  Mindezek alapján a klasszikus logika rendszerében használt fogalompárt nem lehet a jogi normákra alkalmazni. További problémaként merül fel az is, hogy az érvénytelen norma nem jogszabály (és nem egy non-norma), tehát ez a két érték nem a normák világán belül jelenik meg.  A formális logika feladata pedig nem más, mint: "… [a] fogalmak és az állítások azon törvényszerű összefüggéseinek feltárása, amelyek kizárólag logikai struktúrája és a bennük előforduló logikai szavak jelentésére alapozódnak."  Ennek okán szükséges egy olyan modellt alkalmazni, amelyben a legegyszerűbben lehet megállapítani a logikai végkövetkeztetéseket. Ugyanis a modellben nem lehet kiküszöbölni a matematikai és más tudományokhoz való kötődését a logikának, mert csak általuk kaphatjuk meg a konkrét konklúziót-pontosabban azt a megállapítást, hogy (a logika ezen rendszere) alkalmas a gondolkodás a jogi folyamatának leírására. Az anyagi világ minden része (mint logikai) hat az összes többi részére, minden konfigurációja minden más konfigurációra, de a hatások intenzitása nagyon különböző lehet, és ennek következtében a változások is nagyon különböző mértékűek. A végtelen sok kölcsönhatás legnagyobb része egy kiragadott konfiguráció változására csak elenyésző 1 KRE ÁJK doktoranduszhallgató (PhD), tudományos s. munkatárs (KRE), kodifikációs szakjogász (LL.M.)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44757441" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf24d0bc7846315af175f6f86968841b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65246787,"asset_id":44757441,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65246787/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72323134" href="https://kre.academia.edu/Bal%C3%A1ssy%C3%81d%C3%A1mMikl%C3%B3s">Balássy Ádám Miklós</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72323134" type="text/json">{"id":72323134,"first_name":"Balássy","last_name":"Ádám Miklós","domain_name":"kre","page_name":"BalássyÁdámMiklós","display_name":"Balássy Ádám Miklós","profile_url":"https://kre.academia.edu/Bal%C3%A1ssy%C3%81d%C3%A1mMikl%C3%B3s?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72323134/19788207/123491189/s65_bal_ssy._d_m_mikl_s.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44757441 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44757441"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44757441, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44757441", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44757441 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44757441; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44757441"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44757441 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44757441"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44757441; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44757441]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44757441").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44757441").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44757441"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="924" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic">Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="924" type="text/json">{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic">Classical Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123226" type="text/json">{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44757441]'), work: {"id":44757441,"title":"Logikai légvár","created_at":"2020-12-22T12:05:24.738-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44757441/Logikai_l%C3%A9gv%C3%A1r?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_44757441","summary":" A klasszikus logika rendszere hasonlóan a jogi norma rendszeréhez bináris modellben írható le. A klasszikus logika rendszere ugyanis egy állítás igaz és hamis fogalompárjával határozza meg az adott rendszert, míg a jogi rendszer a norma érvényes és érvénytelen mivoltával. A logika jogra való alkalmazásának lehetőségét-és annak a problémáját már-Kelsen Tiszta jogtan című művében kifejtette. Itt ugyanis Kelsen azt mondja, hogy a logikát azért nem lehet a jogi normákra alkalmazni, mert a jogi norma az nem igaz vagy hamis, hanem érvényes vagy érvénytelen-azaz nem rendelkezik kijelentéstartalommal. Ebből következik, hogy a (klasszikus) logikát nem lehet ebben a meghatározásban a jogra alkalmazni, mert azt csak a logikára tudjuk ilyen formában alkalmazni -továbbá úgynevezett igaz vagy hamis logikai igazságról pedig csak akkor tudunk beszélni, ha a kijelentésnek az igazságtartalmát annak logikai formája is biztosítja. Mindezek alapján a klasszikus logika rendszerében használt fogalompárt nem lehet a jogi normákra alkalmazni. További problémaként merül fel az is, hogy az érvénytelen norma nem jogszabály (és nem egy non-norma), tehát ez a két érték nem a normák világán belül jelenik meg. A formális logika feladata pedig nem más, mint: \"… [a] fogalmak és az állítások azon törvényszerű összefüggéseinek feltárása, amelyek kizárólag logikai struktúrája és a bennük előforduló logikai szavak jelentésére alapozódnak.\" Ennek okán szükséges egy olyan modellt alkalmazni, amelyben a legegyszerűbben lehet megállapítani a logikai végkövetkeztetéseket. Ugyanis a modellben nem lehet kiküszöbölni a matematikai és más tudományokhoz való kötődését a logikának, mert csak általuk kaphatjuk meg a konkrét konklúziót-pontosabban azt a megállapítást, hogy (a logika ezen rendszere) alkalmas a gondolkodás a jogi folyamatának leírására. Az anyagi világ minden része (mint logikai) hat az összes többi részére, minden konfigurációja minden más konfigurációra, de a hatások intenzitása nagyon különböző lehet, és ennek következtében a változások is nagyon különböző mértékűek. A végtelen sok kölcsönhatás legnagyobb része egy kiragadott konfiguráció változására csak elenyésző 1 KRE ÁJK doktoranduszhallgató (PhD), tudományos s. munkatárs (KRE), kodifikációs szakjogász (LL.M.)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65246787,"asset_id":44757441,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72323134,"first_name":"Balássy","last_name":"Ádám Miklós","domain_name":"kre","page_name":"BalássyÁdámMiklós","display_name":"Balássy Ádám Miklós","profile_url":"https://kre.academia.edu/Bal%C3%A1ssy%C3%81d%C3%A1mMikl%C3%B3s?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72323134/19788207/123491189/s65_bal_ssy._d_m_mikl_s.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39978149" data-work_id="39978149" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39978149/Directional_Bias">Directional Bias</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is almost a consensus among conditional experts that indicative conditionals are not material. Their thought hinges on the idea that if indicative conditionals were material, A → B could be vacuously true when A is false, even if B... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39978149" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is almost a consensus among conditional experts that indicative conditionals are not material. Their thought hinges on the idea that if indicative conditionals were material, A → B could be vacuously true when A is false, even if B would be false in a context where A is true. But since this consequence is implausible, the material account is usually regarded as false. It is argued that this point of view is motivated by the grammatical form of conditional sentences and the symbols used to represent their logical form, which misleadingly suggest a one-way inferential direction from A to B. That conditional sentences mislead us into a directionality bias is a phenomenon that is well-documented in the literature about conditional reasoning. It is argued that this directional appearance is deceptive and does not reflect the underlying truth conditions of conditional sentences. This directional bias is responsible for both the unpopularity of the material account of conditionals and some of the main alternative principles and themes in conditional theory, including the Ramsey’s test, the Equation, Adams’ thesis, conditional-assertion and possible world theories. The directional mindset forgets a hard- earned lesson that made classical logic possible in the first place, namely, that grammatical form of sentences can mislead us about its truth conditions. There is a case to be made for a material account of indicative conditionals when we break the domination of words over the human mind.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39978149" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9fd9d53efea5e52cc7cbaaf57238f38c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":90706039,"asset_id":39978149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90706039/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4663839" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatheusSilva1319">Matheus Silva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4663839" type="text/json">{"id":4663839,"first_name":"Matheus","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatheusSilva1319","display_name":"Matheus Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatheusSilva1319?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39978149 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39978149"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39978149, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39978149", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39978149]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39978149").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39978149").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39978149"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Philosophy Of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="807" type="text/json">{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2238" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics">Pragmatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2238" type="text/json">{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6087" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deductive_reasoning">Deductive reasoning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6087" type="text/json">{"id":6087,"name":"Deductive reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deductive_reasoning?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditionals">Conditionals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10985" type="text/json">{"id":10985,"name":"Conditionals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditionals?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39978149]'), work: {"id":39978149,"title":"Directional Bias","created_at":"2019-07-31T05:24:24.346-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39978149/Directional_Bias?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_39978149","summary":"There is almost a consensus among conditional experts that indicative conditionals are not material. Their thought hinges on the idea that if indicative conditionals were material, A → B could be vacuously true when A is false, even if B would be false in a context where A is true. But since this consequence is implausible, the material account is usually regarded as false. It is argued that this point of view is motivated by the grammatical form of conditional sentences and the symbols used to represent their logical form, which misleadingly suggest a one-way inferential direction from A to B. That conditional sentences mislead us into a directionality bias is a phenomenon that is well-documented in the literature about conditional reasoning. It is argued that this directional appearance is deceptive and does not reflect the underlying truth conditions of conditional sentences. This directional bias is responsible for both the unpopularity of the material account of conditionals and some of the main alternative principles and themes in conditional theory, including the Ramsey’s test, the Equation, Adams’ thesis, conditional-assertion and possible world theories. The directional mindset forgets a hard- earned lesson that made classical logic possible in the first place, namely, that grammatical form of sentences can mislead us about its truth conditions. There is a case to be made for a material account of indicative conditionals when we break the domination of words over the human mind.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":90706039,"asset_id":39978149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4663839,"first_name":"Matheus","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatheusSilva1319","display_name":"Matheus Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatheusSilva1319?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":6087,"name":"Deductive reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deductive_reasoning?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":10985,"name":"Conditionals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditionals?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":13279,"name":"Philosophy of Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":136480,"name":"Material Implication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Implication?f_ri=123226"},{"id":245753,"name":"Logical Form","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logical_Form?f_ri=123226"},{"id":465881,"name":"Conditional Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditional_Reasoning?f_ri=123226"},{"id":987732,"name":"Indicative Conditionals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indicative_Conditionals?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1130749,"name":"Psychological Biases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Biases?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29338293" data-work_id="29338293" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29338293/Dijkstra_Scholten_predicate_calculus_concepts_and_misconceptions">Dijkstra-Scholten predicate calculus: concepts and misconceptions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29338293" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c0957a35c34ed6b02d5a5b179ab6bcf2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49779679,"asset_id":29338293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49779679/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43110" href="https://ou-nl.academia.edu/LexBijlsma">Lex Bijlsma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43110" type="text/json">{"id":43110,"first_name":"Lex","last_name":"Bijlsma","domain_name":"ou-nl","page_name":"LexBijlsma","display_name":"Lex Bijlsma","profile_url":"https://ou-nl.academia.edu/LexBijlsma?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43110/13918/13022/s65_lex.bijlsma.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29338293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29338293"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29338293, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29338293", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29338293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29338293").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29338293").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29338293"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64561" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Software">Computer Software</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64561" type="text/json">{"id":64561,"name":"Computer Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Software?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic">Classical Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123226" type="text/json">{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="181847" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First-Order_Logic">First-Order Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="181847" type="text/json">{"id":181847,"name":"First-Order Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First-Order_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="405178" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_Order_Logic">First Order Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="405178" type="text/json">{"id":405178,"name":"First Order Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_Order_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29338293]'), work: {"id":29338293,"title":"Dijkstra-Scholten predicate calculus: concepts and misconceptions","created_at":"2016-10-21T23:28:13.378-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29338293/Dijkstra_Scholten_predicate_calculus_concepts_and_misconceptions?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_29338293","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49779679,"asset_id":29338293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43110,"first_name":"Lex","last_name":"Bijlsma","domain_name":"ou-nl","page_name":"LexBijlsma","display_name":"Lex Bijlsma","profile_url":"https://ou-nl.academia.edu/LexBijlsma?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43110/13918/13022/s65_lex.bijlsma.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":64561,"name":"Computer Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Software?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":181847,"name":"First-Order Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First-Order_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":405178,"name":"First Order Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_Order_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":679783,"name":"Boolean Satisfiability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boolean_Satisfiability?f_ri=123226"},{"id":2070034,"name":"Data Format","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Format?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13407506 coauthored" data-work_id="13407506" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13407506/Realization_of_the_Cirac_Zoller_controlled_NOT_quantum_gate">Realization of the Cirac-Zoller controlled-NOT quantum gate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quantum computers have the potential to perform certain computational tasks more efficiently than their classical counterparts. The Cirac-Zoller proposal for a scalable quantum computer is based on a string of trapped ions whose... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13407506" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quantum computers have the potential to perform certain computational tasks more efficiently than their classical counterparts. The Cirac-Zoller proposal for a scalable quantum computer is based on a string of trapped ions whose electronic states represent the quantum bits of information (or qubits). In this scheme, quantum logical gates involving any subset of ions are realized by coupling the ions</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13407506" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4387704465cbd7656dfd8bd454e58bd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45376372,"asset_id":13407506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45376372/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32629704" href="https://uni-saarland.academia.edu/ChristophBecher">Christoph Becher</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32629704" type="text/json">{"id":32629704,"first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Becher","domain_name":"uni-saarland","page_name":"ChristophBecher","display_name":"Christoph Becher","profile_url":"https://uni-saarland.academia.edu/ChristophBecher?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13407506">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13407506"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RBlatt">R. Blatt</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13407506'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13407506').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13407506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13407506"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13407506, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13407506", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13407506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13407506; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13407506"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13407506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13407506"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13407506; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13407506]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13407506").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13407506").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13407506"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7333" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance">Nuclear Magnetic Resonance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7333" type="text/json">{"id":7333,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature">Nature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33319" type="text/json">{"id":33319,"name":"Nature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44285" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Logic">Quantum Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44285" type="text/json">{"id":44285,"name":"Quantum Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13407506]'), work: {"id":13407506,"title":"Realization of the Cirac-Zoller controlled-NOT quantum gate","created_at":"2015-06-29T01:40:00.957-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13407506/Realization_of_the_Cirac_Zoller_controlled_NOT_quantum_gate?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_13407506","summary":"Quantum computers have the potential to perform certain computational tasks more efficiently than their classical counterparts. The Cirac-Zoller proposal for a scalable quantum computer is based on a string of trapped ions whose electronic states represent the quantum bits of information (or qubits). In this scheme, quantum logical gates involving any subset of ions are realized by coupling the ions","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45376372,"asset_id":13407506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32629704,"first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Becher","domain_name":"uni-saarland","page_name":"ChristophBecher","display_name":"Christoph Becher","profile_url":"https://uni-saarland.academia.edu/ChristophBecher?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32565208,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Blatt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RBlatt","display_name":"R. Blatt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RBlatt?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7333,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":33319,"name":"Nature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":44285,"name":"Quantum Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":116193,"name":"Solid State electronic devices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solid_State_electronic_devices?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":202566,"name":"Quantum Computer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Computer?f_ri=123226"},{"id":973159,"name":"Quantum Gate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Gate?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67699144" data-work_id="67699144" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67699144/A_Quantum_Dot_Neural_Network">A Quantum Dot Neural Network</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We present a mathematical implementation of a quantum mechanical artificial neural network, in the quasi-continuu m regime, using the nonlinearity inherent in the real-time propagation of a quantum system coupled to its environment. Our... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67699144" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We present a mathematical implementation of a quantum mechanical artificial neural network, in the quasi-continuu m regime, using the nonlinearity inherent in the real-time propagation of a quantum system coupled to its environment. Our model is that of a quantum dot molecule coupled to the substrate lattice through optical phonons, and subject to a timevarying external field. Using discretized Feynman path integrals, we find that the real time evolution of the system can be put into a form which resembles the equations for the virtual neuron activation levels of an artificial neural network. The timeline discretization points serve as virtual neurons. We then train the network using a simple gradient descent algorithm, and find it is possible in some regions of the phase space to perform any desired classical logic gate. Because the network is quantum mechanical we can also train purely quantum gates such as a phase shift.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67699144" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed0a8dc7b94e11296372bb8111c19716" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78427776,"asset_id":67699144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78427776/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="109254543" href="https://wichita.academia.edu/ElizabethBehrman">Elizabeth Behrman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="109254543" type="text/json">{"id":109254543,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Behrman","domain_name":"wichita","page_name":"ElizabethBehrman","display_name":"Elizabeth Behrman","profile_url":"https://wichita.academia.edu/ElizabethBehrman?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/109254543/52358743/40466077/s65_elizabeth.behrman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67699144 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67699144"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67699144, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67699144", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67699144]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67699144").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67699144").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67699144"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7936" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Mechanics">Quantum Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7936" type="text/json">{"id":7936,"name":"Quantum Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Mechanics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26066" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network">Neural Network</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26066" type="text/json">{"id":26066,"name":"Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic">Classical Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123226" type="text/json">{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67699144]'), work: {"id":67699144,"title":"A Quantum Dot Neural Network","created_at":"2022-01-09T13:12:31.089-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67699144/A_Quantum_Dot_Neural_Network?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_67699144","summary":"We present a mathematical implementation of a quantum mechanical artificial neural network, in the quasi-continuu m regime, using the nonlinearity inherent in the real-time propagation of a quantum system coupled to its environment. Our model is that of a quantum dot molecule coupled to the substrate lattice through optical phonons, and subject to a timevarying external field. Using discretized Feynman path integrals, we find that the real time evolution of the system can be put into a form which resembles the equations for the virtual neuron activation levels of an artificial neural network. The timeline discretization points serve as virtual neurons. We then train the network using a simple gradient descent algorithm, and find it is possible in some regions of the phase space to perform any desired classical logic gate. Because the network is quantum mechanical we can also train purely quantum gates such as a phase shift.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78427776,"asset_id":67699144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":109254543,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Behrman","domain_name":"wichita","page_name":"ElizabethBehrman","display_name":"Elizabeth Behrman","profile_url":"https://wichita.academia.edu/ElizabethBehrman?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/109254543/52358743/40466077/s65_elizabeth.behrman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":7936,"name":"Quantum Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Mechanics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":26066,"name":"Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":229390,"name":"Real Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Time?f_ri=123226"},{"id":290469,"name":"Phase Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phase_Space?f_ri=123226"},{"id":445674,"name":"Quantum Dot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Dot?f_ri=123226"},{"id":473567,"name":"Neuronal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuronal_Activity?f_ri=123226"},{"id":721252,"name":"Gradient Descent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gradient_Descent?f_ri=123226"},{"id":973159,"name":"Quantum Gate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Gate?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1211304,"name":"Artificial Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Neural_Network?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1437495,"name":"Phase Shift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phase_Shift?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1480215,"name":"Time varying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_varying?f_ri=123226"},{"id":2418085,"name":"Feynman path integral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feynman_path_integral?f_ri=123226"},{"id":2886308,"name":"External field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/External_field?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66657758" data-work_id="66657758" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66657758/Application_of_Fuzzy_Logic_in_Web_Mining_Domain_A_Survey">Application of Fuzzy Logic in Web Mining Domain: A Survey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper summarizes the different characteristics of web data, the basic components of web mining and its different types, and importance of fuzzy logic its representation and the use of soft computing (comprising fuzzy logic (FL))is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66657758" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper summarizes the different characteristics of web data, the basic components of web mining and its different types, and importance of fuzzy logic its representation and the use of soft computing (comprising fuzzy logic (FL))is discussed with the present web mining techniques. Fuzzy logic is used with one of the web mining technique i.e Clustering. So clustering is also discussed. Clustering is a widely used technique in data mining application for discovering patterns in underlying data. Most traditional clustering algorithms are limited in handling datasets that contain categorical attributes. Conventional clustering means classifying the given data objects as exclusive subsets (clusters).That means we can discriminate clearly whether an object belongs to a cluster or not. However such a partition is insufficient to represent many real situations. However, in many real situations, there not exists an exact boundary between different clusters. Therefore a fuzzy clustering o...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66657758" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07a4f4102a91ed72455c1f7e2e4ba3f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77763209,"asset_id":66657758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77763209/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41979622" href="https://ymcaust.academia.edu/mamtakathuria">mamta kathuria</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41979622" type="text/json">{"id":41979622,"first_name":"mamta","last_name":"kathuria","domain_name":"ymcaust","page_name":"mamtakathuria","display_name":"mamta kathuria","profile_url":"https://ymcaust.academia.edu/mamtakathuria?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66657758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66657758"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66657758, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66657758", }); 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Fuzzy logic is used with one of the web mining technique i.e Clustering. So clustering is also discussed. Clustering is a widely used technique in data mining application for discovering patterns in underlying data. Most traditional clustering algorithms are limited in handling datasets that contain categorical attributes. Conventional clustering means classifying the given data objects as exclusive subsets (clusters).That means we can discriminate clearly whether an object belongs to a cluster or not. However such a partition is insufficient to represent many real situations. However, in many real situations, there not exists an exact boundary between different clusters. Therefore a fuzzy clustering o...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77763209,"asset_id":66657758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41979622,"first_name":"mamta","last_name":"kathuria","domain_name":"ymcaust","page_name":"mamtakathuria","display_name":"mamta kathuria","profile_url":"https://ymcaust.academia.edu/mamtakathuria?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2009,"name":"Data Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Mining?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2482,"name":"Database Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Database_Systems?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology?f_ri=123226"},{"id":4278,"name":"Web Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Mining?f_ri=123226"},{"id":27360,"name":"Databases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Databases?f_ri=123226"},{"id":38511,"name":"Fuzzy Clustering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Clustering?f_ri=123226"},{"id":84990,"name":"Clustering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clustering?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31166336" data-work_id="31166336" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Logic">Fuzzy Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4165" type="text/json">{"id":4165,"name":"Fuzzy Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1066536]'), work: {"id":1066536,"title":"Fuzzy Description Logics and t-norm based fuzzy logics","created_at":"2011-11-04T21:59:07.251-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1066536/Fuzzy_Description_Logics_and_t_norm_based_fuzzy_logics?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_1066536","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6525942,"asset_id":1066536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":912240,"first_name":"Angel","last_name":"García-Cerdaña","domain_name":"csic","page_name":"AngelGarcíaCerdaña","display_name":"Angel 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Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Analysis_and_Computational_Mathematics?f_ri=123226"},{"id":679783,"name":"Boolean Satisfiability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boolean_Satisfiability?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1978303" data-work_id="1978303" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1978303/A_proof_theoretic_study_of_the_correspondence_of_hybrid_logic_and_classical_logic">A proof-theoretic study of the correspondence of hybrid logic and classical logic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper we show the equivalence between the provability of a proof system of basic hybrid logic and that of translated formulas of the classical predicate logic with equality and explicit substitution by a purely proof-theoretic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1978303" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper we show the equivalence between the provability of a proof system of basic hybrid logic and that of translated formulas of the classical predicate logic with equality and explicit substitution by a purely proof-theoretic method. Then we show the equivalence of two groups of proof systems of hybrid logic: the group of labelled deduction systems and the group of modal logic-based systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1978303" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b9fae9dd5b8c849923e19733ca1f6695" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50800560,"asset_id":1978303,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50800560/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="512336" href="https://mlit.academia.edu/HirohikoKushida%E4%B8%B2%E7%94%B0%E8%A3%95%E5%BD%A6">Hirohiko Kushida　串田裕彦</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="512336" type="text/json">{"id":512336,"first_name":"Hirohiko","last_name":"Kushida　串田裕彦","domain_name":"mlit","page_name":"HirohikoKushida串田裕彦","display_name":"Hirohiko Kushida　串田裕彦","profile_url":"https://mlit.academia.edu/HirohikoKushida%E4%B8%B2%E7%94%B0%E8%A3%95%E5%BD%A6?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/512336/1556075/5411956/s65_hirohiko.kushida.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1978303 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1978303"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1978303, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1978303", }); 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Then we show the equivalence of two groups of proof systems of hybrid logic: the group of labelled deduction systems and the group of modal logic-based systems.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50800560,"asset_id":1978303,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":512336,"first_name":"Hirohiko","last_name":"Kushida　串田裕彦","domain_name":"mlit","page_name":"HirohikoKushida串田裕彦","display_name":"Hirohiko Kushida　串田裕彦","profile_url":"https://mlit.academia.edu/HirohikoKushida%E4%B8%B2%E7%94%B0%E8%A3%95%E5%BD%A6?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/512336/1556075/5411956/s65_hirohiko.kushida.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":361,"name":"Modal 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74988386/On_the_geometry_of_interaction_for_classical_logic">On the geometry of interaction for classical logic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74988386" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="27ad24d53562f8ab267b21d3185ecba9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82940038,"asset_id":74988386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calculus">Calculus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="369" type="text/json">{"id":369,"name":"Calculus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calculus?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74988386]'), work: {"id":74988386,"title":"On the geometry of interaction for classical 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Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometry_of_Interaction?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1430080,"name":"Solid Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solid_Modeling?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1430261,"name":"Boolean Functions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boolean_Functions?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1983387,"name":"Partial Order","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partial_Order?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74603837" data-work_id="74603837" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74603837/Semantic_Paradoxes_and_Abductive_Methodology">Semantic Paradoxes and Abductive Methodology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter provides a methodological case for maintaining classical logic even in the face of the semantic paradoxes. It advocates an abductive methodology for choosing, or adjudicating, logics (or, more specifically, logical theories),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74603837" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter provides a methodological case for maintaining classical logic even in the face of the semantic paradoxes. It advocates an abductive methodology for choosing, or adjudicating, logics (or, more specifically, logical theories), and notes that the semantic paradoxes constitute promising grounds for an abductive critique of classical logic. As the chapter notes, there is a strong prima facie abductive case for classical logic. This is not due to a principle of conservativism. It does not appeal to the benefits of familiarity with classical logic or the costs of changing the logic. It concerns, rather, intrinsic features of classical logic, such as its simplicity and strength. The chapter concludes that classical logic is doing fine by ordinary criteria and has no need for further justification, so we should keep it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74603837" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="56a88f14cfc2b67ea546aec7044a7b44" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":106067184,"asset_id":74603837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106067184/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80879" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/TimothyWilliamson">Timothy Williamson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80879" type="text/json">{"id":80879,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Williamson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"TimothyWilliamson","display_name":"Timothy Williamson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/TimothyWilliamson?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80879/4931387/5667068/s65_timothy.williamson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74603837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74603837"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74603837, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74603837", }); 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It advocates an abductive methodology for choosing, or adjudicating, logics (or, more specifically, logical theories), and notes that the semantic paradoxes constitute promising grounds for an abductive critique of classical logic. As the chapter notes, there is a strong prima facie abductive case for classical logic. This is not due to a principle of conservativism. It does not appeal to the benefits of familiarity with classical logic or the costs of changing the logic. It concerns, rather, intrinsic features of classical logic, such as its simplicity and strength. The chapter concludes that classical logic is doing fine by ordinary criteria and has no need for further justification, so we should keep it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106067184,"asset_id":74603837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80879,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Williamson","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"TimothyWilliamson","display_name":"Timothy Williamson","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/TimothyWilliamson?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80879/4931387/5667068/s65_timothy.williamson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":11104,"name":"Philosophical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":13279,"name":"Philosophy of Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":40098,"name":"Liar Paradox","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liar_Paradox?f_ri=123226"},{"id":42165,"name":"Semantic Paradoxes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Paradoxes?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73826723 coauthored" data-work_id="73826723" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73826723/AF_41_2_Barrio_and_Pailos_Why_a_Logic_is_not_only_its_Set_of_Valid_Inferences">AF 41-2 Barrio & Pailos: Why a Logic is not only its Set of Valid Inferences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The main idea that we want to defend in this paper is that the question of what a logic is should be addressed differently when structural properties enter the game. In particular, we want to support the idea according to which it is not... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73826723" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The main idea that we want to defend in this paper is that the question of what a logic is should be addressed differently when structural properties enter the game. In particular, we want to support the idea according to which it is not enough to identify the set of valid inferences to characterize a logic. In other words, we will argue that two logical theories could identify the same set of validities (e.g. its logical truths and valid inferences), but not be the same logic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73826723" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d64362da50aef7fed47115024e5b6c46" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82199104,"asset_id":73826723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82199104/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="169512227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnalisisFilosoficoSADAF">Analisis Filosofico SADAF</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="169512227" type="text/json">{"id":169512227,"first_name":"Analisis Filosofico","last_name":"SADAF","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnalisisFilosoficoSADAF","display_name":"Analisis Filosofico SADAF","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnalisisFilosoficoSADAF?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/169512227/47303889/36279689/s65_analisis_filosofico.sadaf.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-73826723">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-73826723"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://conicet.academia.edu/EduardoBarrio">Eduardo Barrio</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-73826723'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-73826723').html(); 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In particular, we want to support the idea according to which it is not enough to identify the set of valid inferences to characterize a logic. In other words, we will argue that two logical theories could identify the same set of validities (e.g. its logical truths and valid inferences), but not be the same logic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82199104,"asset_id":73826723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":169512227,"first_name":"Analisis Filosofico","last_name":"SADAF","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnalisisFilosoficoSADAF","display_name":"Analisis Filosofico SADAF","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnalisisFilosoficoSADAF?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/169512227/47303889/36279689/s65_analisis_filosofico.sadaf.png"},{"id":299636,"first_name":"Eduardo","last_name":"Barrio","domain_name":"conicet","page_name":"EduardoBarrio","display_name":"Eduardo Barrio","profile_url":"https://conicet.academia.edu/EduardoBarrio?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/299636/73941/18223652/s65_eduardo.barrio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38015,"name":"Substructural Logics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substructural_Logics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":91668,"name":"Transitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitivity?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50751838" data-work_id="50751838" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50751838/Intuitionistic_Description_Logic_and_Legal_Reasoning">Intuitionistic Description Logic and Legal Reasoning</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50751838" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32c2342379ff310ee0aa9c9824e07e73" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68622189,"asset_id":50751838,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68622189/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="552800" href="https://di-puc-rio.academia.edu/EdwardHaeusler">Edward H Haeusler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="552800" type="text/json">{"id":552800,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Haeusler","domain_name":"di-puc-rio","page_name":"EdwardHaeusler","display_name":"Edward H Haeusler","profile_url":"https://di-puc-rio.academia.edu/EdwardHaeusler?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/552800/24320514/23250215/s65_edward.haeusler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50751838 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50751838"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50751838, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50751838", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50751838]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50751838").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50751838").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50751838"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="362" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intuitionistic_Logic">Intuitionistic Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="362" type="text/json">{"id":362,"name":"Intuitionistic Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intuitionistic_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20705" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Reasoning">Legal Reasoning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20705" type="text/json">{"id":20705,"name":"Legal Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Reasoning?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22615" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Representation">Knowledge Representation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22615" type="text/json">{"id":22615,"name":"Knowledge Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Representation?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="95683" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formal_Logic">Formal Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="95683" type="text/json">{"id":95683,"name":"Formal Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formal_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50751838]'), work: {"id":50751838,"title":"Intuitionistic Description Logic and Legal Reasoning","created_at":"2021-08-05T09:34:21.048-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50751838/Intuitionistic_Description_Logic_and_Legal_Reasoning?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_50751838","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68622189,"asset_id":50751838,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":552800,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Haeusler","domain_name":"di-puc-rio","page_name":"EdwardHaeusler","display_name":"Edward H Haeusler","profile_url":"https://di-puc-rio.academia.edu/EdwardHaeusler?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/552800/24320514/23250215/s65_edward.haeusler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":362,"name":"Intuitionistic Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intuitionistic_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":20705,"name":"Legal Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Reasoning?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":22615,"name":"Knowledge Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Representation?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":95683,"name":"Formal Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formal_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":287095,"name":"Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Representation_and_Reasoning?f_ri=123226"},{"id":356059,"name":"Description Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Description_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":1878352,"name":"Programmable logic array","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Programmable_logic_array?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25124757" data-work_id="25124757" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25124757/FIRST_DECISION_NATURE_OF_THE_MODELLING_WORK">FIRST DECISION: NATURE OF THE MODELLING WORK</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We here talk about worst mistakes in terms of determining the nature of the modelling work involved in a certain situation. We use our results on a few paradoxes (Sorites, Liar, Hanging, and Russell's) to make a point on the nature of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25124757" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We here talk about worst mistakes in terms of determining the nature of the modelling work involved in a certain situation. We use our results on a few paradoxes (Sorites, Liar, Hanging, and Russell's) to make a point on the nature of the work involved. It is easy to notice that the mentioned paradoxes arise because people have committed mistakes in their analyses. By explaining the mentioned paradoxes and their solutions, we get to understand that better. Understanding that better, we get to learn how to avoid these problems in the future and, with that, we optimize the use of resources in Science.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25124757" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8da9c6f247e77e35550ff4d0b4074b64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45445581,"asset_id":25124757,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45445581/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5711847" href="https://iicseuniversity.academia.edu/MarciaPinheiro">Marcia Pinheiro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5711847" type="text/json">{"id":5711847,"first_name":"Marcia","last_name":"Pinheiro","domain_name":"iicseuniversity","page_name":"MarciaPinheiro","display_name":"Marcia Pinheiro","profile_url":"https://iicseuniversity.academia.edu/MarciaPinheiro?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5711847/3375723/3972248/s65_marcia.pinheiro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25124757 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25124757"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25124757, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25124757", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25124757]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25124757").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25124757").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25124757"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Philosophy Of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="807" type="text/json">{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6177" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling">Modeling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6177" type="text/json">{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16682" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Modelling">Mathematical Modelling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16682" type="text/json">{"id":16682,"name":"Mathematical Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Modelling?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17442" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Logic">Mathematical Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17442" type="text/json">{"id":17442,"name":"Mathematical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25124757]'), work: {"id":25124757,"title":"FIRST DECISION: NATURE OF THE MODELLING WORK","created_at":"2016-05-08T03:29:58.534-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25124757/FIRST_DECISION_NATURE_OF_THE_MODELLING_WORK?f_ri=123226","dom_id":"work_25124757","summary":"We here talk about worst mistakes in terms of determining the nature of the modelling work involved in a certain situation. We use our results on a few paradoxes (Sorites, Liar, Hanging, and Russell's) to make a point on the nature of the work involved. It is easy to notice that the mentioned paradoxes arise because people have committed mistakes in their analyses. By explaining the mentioned paradoxes and their solutions, we get to understand that better. Understanding that better, we get to learn how to avoid these problems in the future and, with that, we optimize the use of resources in Science.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45445581,"asset_id":25124757,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5711847,"first_name":"Marcia","last_name":"Pinheiro","domain_name":"iicseuniversity","page_name":"MarciaPinheiro","display_name":"Marcia Pinheiro","profile_url":"https://iicseuniversity.academia.edu/MarciaPinheiro?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5711847/3375723/3972248/s65_marcia.pinheiro.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":16682,"name":"Mathematical Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Modelling?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":17442,"name":"Mathematical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Logic?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":18021,"name":"Paradoxes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paradoxes?f_ri=123226"},{"id":40098,"name":"Liar Paradox","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liar_Paradox?f_ri=123226"},{"id":123226,"name":"Classical Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Logic?f_ri=123226"},{"id":963580,"name":"Russell's Paradox","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russells_Paradox?f_ri=123226"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7754266 coauthored" data-work_id="7754266" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7754266/Concerning_Peter_Vickers_Recent_Treatment_of_Paraconsistencitis_Review_article_of_Peter_Vickers_Understanding_Inconsistent_Science_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_2013_xii_273_pp">Concerning Peter Vickers’ Recent Treatment of ‘Paraconsistencitis’: Review article of Peter Vickers, Understanding Inconsistent Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. xii + 273 pp.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Review article</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7754266" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d057f9666065bdc4b1caf1c6aa5cf3ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35835155,"asset_id":7754266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35835155/download_file?st=MTczMjk5NzI3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34763" href="https://rub.academia.edu/DunjaSeselja">Dunja Šešelja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34763" type="text/json">{"id":34763,"first_name":"Dunja","last_name":"Šešelja","domain_name":"rub","page_name":"DunjaSeselja","display_name":"Dunja Šešelja","profile_url":"https://rub.academia.edu/DunjaSeselja?f_ri=123226","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34763/11401/73755540/s65_dunja._e_elja.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-7754266">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-7754266"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://rub.academia.edu/ChristianStrasser">Christian Straßer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-7754266'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-7754266').html(); 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Fuzzy logic is used with one of the web mining technique ie","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68127497,"asset_id":49967823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":169057264,"first_name":"kirti","last_name":"singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"kirtisingh185","display_name":"kirti singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/kirtisingh185?f_ri=123226","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2009,"name":"Data Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Mining?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":2482,"name":"Database Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Database_Systems?f_ri=123226","nofollow":false},{"id":4233,"name":"Computational 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48994660/A_Model_for_Spacetime_The_Role_of_Interpretation_in_Some_Grothendieck_Topoi">A Model for Spacetime: The Role of Interpretation in Some Grothendieck Topoi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48994660" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c10540c0ca11466fc7c74725c5f6dab1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67383539,"asset_id":48994660,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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