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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" 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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decès" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decès"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decès</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decès-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sègle VII</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 132 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/7de_eeu" title="7de eeu - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="7de eeu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._Jahrhundert" title="7. Jahrhundert - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="7. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%95%E1%89%B0_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5" title="7ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="7ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglo_VII" title="Sieglo VII - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sieglo VII" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_7" title="القرن 7 - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القرن 7" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="القرن السابع - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القرن السابع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglu_VII" title="Sieglu VII - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sieglu VII" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D1%83" title="VII гӀасру - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="VII гӀасру" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-eafa_decemda" title="7-eafa decemda - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="7-eafa decemda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%C9%99sr" title="VII əsr - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="VII əsr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B7._%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="۷. یوز ایل - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۷. یوز ایل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-7" title="Abad ka-7 - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abad ka-7" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._Joarhundad" title="7. Joarhundad - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="7. Joarhundad" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_om%C5%BEios" title="VII omžios - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="VII omžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="VII стагоддзе - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="VII стагоддзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="VII стагодзьдзе - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="VII стагодзьдзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="7 век - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="7 век" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIIvet_kantved" title="VIIvet kantved - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="VIIvet kantved" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._vijek" title="7. vijek - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="7. vijek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_VII" title="Segle VII - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segle VII" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_si%C3%A9-g%C4%AB" title="7 sié-gī - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="7 sié-gī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D0%B1%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BE" title="VII бӀешо - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="VII бӀешо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85" title="سەدەی حەوتەم - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەدەی حەوتەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._stolet%C3%AD" title="7. století - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="7. století" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="VII ĕмĕр - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="VII ĕмĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/7fed_ganrif" title="7fed ganrif - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="7fed ganrif" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._%C3%A5rhundrede" title="7. århundrede - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="7. århundrede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._Jahrhundert" title="7. Jahrhundert - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="7. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seserra_7ine" title="Seserra 7ine - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Seserra 7ine" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="7ος αιώνας - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="7ος αιώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_s%C3%A9col" title="VII sécol - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="VII sécol" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_century" title="7th century - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="7th century" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-a_jarcento" title="7-a jarcento - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="7-a jarcento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_VII" title="Siglo VII - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siglo VII" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._sajand" title="7. sajand - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="7. sajand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII._mendea" title="VII. mendea - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="VII. mendea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigru_VII" title="Sigru VII - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sigru VII" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سده هفتم میلادی - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سده هفتم میلادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-luku" title="600-luku - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="600-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._aastagasada" title="7. aastagasada - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="7. aastagasada" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._%C3%B8ld" title="7. øld - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="7. øld" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="VIIe siècle - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="VIIe siècle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._juarhunert" title="7. juarhunert - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="7. juarhunert" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/7e_iuw" title="7e iuw - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="7e iuw" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%C3%BA_haois" title="7ú haois - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="7ú haois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="7世紀 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="7世紀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/7mh_Linn" title="7mh Linn - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="7mh Linn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_VII" title="Século VII - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Século VII" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-7" title="המאה ה-7 - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המאה ה-7" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सातवीं शताब्दी - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सातवीं शताब्दी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._stolje%C4%87e" title="7. stoljeće - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="7. stoljeće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._sz%C3%A1zad" title="7. század - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="7. század" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="7-րդ դար - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="7-րդ դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seculo_7" title="Seculo 7 - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Seculo 7" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-7" title="Abad ke-7 - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abad ke-7" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/7ma_yarcento" title="7ma yarcento - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="7ma yarcento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._%C3%B6ldin" title="7. öldin - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="7. öldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_secolo" title="VII secolo - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="VII secolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="7世紀 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="7世紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ping_7" title="Abad ping 7 - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abad ping 7" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="VII საუკუნე - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="VII საუკუნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="VII ғасыр - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="VII ғасыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="7세기 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="7세기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedsala_7an" title="Sedsala 7an - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sedsala 7an" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/7ves_kansblydhen" title="7ves kansblydhen - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="7ves kansblydhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_7" title="Saeculum 7 - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saeculum 7" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._Joerhonnert" title="7. Joerhonnert - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="7. Joerhonnert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="VII виш йис - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="VII виш йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentenio_7" title="Sentenio 7 - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sentenio 7" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zevende_iew" title="Zevende iew - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zevende iew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_secolo" title="VII secolo - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="VII secolo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9cul_VII" title="Sécul VII - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sécul VII" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_am%C5%BEius" title="VII amžius - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="VII amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._gadsimts" title="7. gadsimts - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="7. gadsimts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_kaping-7" title="Abad kaping-7 - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Abad kaping-7" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="VII курым - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="VII курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautau_7" title="Rautau 7 - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rautau 7" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="7 век - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="7 век" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%AD_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे ७ वे शतक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे ७ वे शतक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-7" title="Abad ke-7 - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abad ke-7" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%87_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="၇ ရာစုနှစ် - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၇ ရာစုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="VII пинге - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="VII пинге" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuilpohualxihuitl_VII" title="Macuilpohualxihuitl VII - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Macuilpohualxihuitl VII" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_seculo" title="VII seculo - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="VII seculo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._Johrhunnert" title="7. Johrhunnert - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="7. Johrhunnert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/7e_eeuw" title="7e eeuw - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="7e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/7e_eeuw" title="7e eeuw - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="7e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-talet" title="600-talet - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="600-talet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._%C3%A5rhundre" title="7. århundre - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="7. århundre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIIe_s." title="VIIe s. - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="VIIe s." data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwagakgolo_7" title="Ngwagakgolo 7 - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ngwagakgolo 7" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_wiek" title="VII wiek - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="VII wiek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ستويں صدی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ستويں صدی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_VII" title="Século VII - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Século VII" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_%C3%B1iqin_pachakwata" title="7 ñiqin pachakwata - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="7 ñiqin pachakwata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secolul_al_VII-lea" title="Secolul al VII-lea - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secolul al VII-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="VII век - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="VII век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII._%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="VII. стороча - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="VII. стороча" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="VII үйэ - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="VII үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8culu_VII" title="Sèculu VII - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sèculu VII" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._vijek" title="7. vijek - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="7. vijek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_7" title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 7 - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 7" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83" title="7 වන සියවස - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="7 වන සියවස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_century" title="7th century - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="7th century" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._storo%C4%8Die" title="7. storočie - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="7. storočie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._stoletje" title="7. stoletje - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="7. stoletje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekulli_VII" title="Shekulli VII - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shekulli VII" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="7. век - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="7. век" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._Jierhunnert" title="7. Jierhunnert - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="7. Jierhunnert" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-7" title="Abad ka-7 - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abad ka-7" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/600-talet" title="600-talet - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="600-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karne_ya_7" title="Karne ya 7 - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karne ya 7" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="7-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="7-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_VII" title="Садаи VII - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаи VII" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_7" title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 7 - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 7" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-nji_asyr" title="7-nji asyr - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="7-nji asyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-7_dantaon" title="Ika-7 dantaon - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-7 dantaon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="7. yüzyıl - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="7. yüzyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="VII гасыр - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="VII гасыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="VII століття - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="VII століття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ساتویں صدی - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ساتویں صدی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_asr" title="VII asr - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="VII asr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_seco%C5%82o" title="VII secoło - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="VII secoło" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_7" title="Thế kỷ 7 - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế kỷ 7" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/7inme_sieke" title="7inme sieke - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="7inme sieke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-7_nga_gatostuig" title="Ika-7 nga gatostuig - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-7 nga gatostuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="7世纪 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="7世纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="VII ოშწანურა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="VII ოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%22%D7%94" title="7טער י"ה - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="7טער י"ה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="7世纪 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="7世纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_s%C3%A8-k%C3%AD" title="7 sè-kí - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="7 sè-kí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="7世紀 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="7世紀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8089#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VII" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:S%C3%A8gle_VII&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VII"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <center> <p><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IV_apC" title="Sègle IV apC">../..</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_V_apC" title="Sègle V apC">sègle V apC</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VI" title="Sègle VI">sègle VI</a> | <b>sègle VII</b> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VIII" title="Sègle VIII">sègle VIII</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IX" title="Sègle IX">sègle IX</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_X" title="Sègle X">../..</a> </p> </center> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rra_persobizantina_de_602-628&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrra persobizantina de 602-628 (la pagina existís pas)">Guèrra persobizantina de 602-628</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Orient_Mejan_(premiera_mitat_dau_s%C3%A8gle_VII).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Orient_Mejan_%28premiera_mitat_dau_s%C3%A8gle_VII%29.png/220px-Orient_Mejan_%28premiera_mitat_dau_s%C3%A8gle_VII%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Orient_Mejan_%28premiera_mitat_dau_s%C3%A8gle_VII%29.png/330px-Orient_Mejan_%28premiera_mitat_dau_s%C3%A8gle_VII%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Orient_Mejan_%28premiera_mitat_dau_s%C3%A8gle_VII%29.png/440px-Orient_Mejan_%28premiera_mitat_dau_s%C3%A8gle_VII%29.png 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>Esquèma generau de la situacion politica e militara en Orient Mejan durant la premiera mitat dau sègle VII.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>599-602</b> : ataca fòrça violenta dei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_d%27Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman d'Orient">Romans</a> còntra lo territòri avar. Menaçats d'exterminacion, leis Avars foguèron sauvats per l'assassinat de l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurici_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurici Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Maurici</a> e de sei fius per un <a href="/wiki/Oficier" title="Oficier">oficier</a> dich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Focas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Focas (la pagina existís pas)">Focas</a>. Aqueu darrier venguèt emperaire mai deguèt faciar una insureccion militara. Pus grèu, lo rèi sassanida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosrau_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosrau II (la pagina existís pas)">Cosrau II</a> – que deviá son tròne a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurici_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurici Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Maurici</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/591" class="mw-redirect" title="591">591</a>) – li declarèt la guèrra (→ <a href="/wiki/604" class="mw-redirect" title="604">604</a>). <br /> <b>604-607</b> : conquista d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Edessa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edessa (la pagina existís pas)">Edessa</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dara (la pagina existís pas)">Dara</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Sassanida" title="Empèri Sassanida">Sassanidas</a> gràcias ai divisions intèrnas de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_d%27Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman d'Orient">Empèri Roman d'Orient</a>. Puei, lei tropas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosrau_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosrau II (la pagina existís pas)">Cosrau II</a> expulsèron lei tropas fidèlas a l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Focas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Focas (la pagina existís pas)">Focas</a> de la riba orientala d'<a href="/wiki/Eufrates" title="Eufrates">Eufrates</a>. <br /> <b>605</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">Republica Populara de China</a>, l'emperaire <a href="/wiki/Sui_Yangdi" title="Sui Yangdi">Sui Yangdi</a> decidèt de transferir la capitala de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chang'an (la pagina existís pas)">Chang'an</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luoyang (la pagina existís pas)">Luoyang</a> e de començar lo cavament d'un canau entre <a href="/wiki/Pequin" title="Pequin">Pequin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>. <br /> <b>608-610</b> : revòuta d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraclius_l%27Ancian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraclius l'Ancian (la pagina existís pas)">Heraclius l'Ancian</a>, cap de l'<a href="/wiki/Exarcat_de_Cartage" title="Exarcat de Cartage">Exarcat de Cartage</a>. Mandèt son fiu <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius lo Jove</a> atacar lei posicions de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Focas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Focas (la pagina existís pas)">Focas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">Mediterranèa</a> Orientala. Lei rebèls capitèron de conquistar <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> e lei Sassanidas <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> e <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>. Puei, <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius lo Jove</a> prenguèt lo contraròtle de <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a> e reversèt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Focas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Focas (la pagina existís pas)">Focas</a>. <br /> <b>611</b> : premier rèi de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wessex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wessex (la pagina existís pas)">Wessex</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynegils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynegils (la pagina existís pas)">Cynegils</a>, que son rèine es clarament atestat per d'elements istorics. <br /> <b>611</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>, invasion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palenque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palenque (la pagina existís pas)">Palenque</a> per <a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a> que mantenguèt ansin son primat sus lei regions <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion_maia" title="Civilizacion maia">maias</a>. <br /> <b>613-619</b> : perseguida de la guèrra entre <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_d%27Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman d'Orient">Romans</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emp%C3%A8ri_Sassanidas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empèri Sassanidas (la pagina existís pas)">Empèri Sassanidas</a> amb una tiera de victòrias pèrsas (conquista de <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> e de la màger part d'<a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>). <br /> <b>614</b> : dins lei <a href="/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans">Balcans</a>, incursion deis <a href="/wiki/Avars" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars">Avars</a> que pilhèron plusors vilas importantas. <br /> <b>615</b> : menaçats per divèrsei faccions de <a href="/wiki/La_M%C3%A8ca" title="La Mèca">La Mèca</a>, lo profèta <a href="/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet">Maomet</a> e de sei companhons deguèron s'enfugir en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_d%27Aksum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume d'Aksum (la pagina existís pas)">Aksum</a>. <br /> <b>620</b> : per simplificar l'administracion de l'Empèri, l'emperaire <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> decidèt de remplaçar lo <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> per lo <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8c" class="mw-redirect" title="Grèc">grèc</a>. Aquela decision es sovent considerat coma l'etapa decisiu de la transformacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_d%27Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman d'Orient">Empèri Roman d'Orient</a> en <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a>. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Egira" title="Egira">Egira</a>.</div> <p><b>622</b> : tornarmai menaçat en causa de sei tèsis religiosas, <a href="/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet">Maomet</a> decidèt de s'exiliar dins la vila de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medina (la pagina existís pas)">Medina</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/623" class="mw-redirect" title="623">623</a>). Aquel eveniment marca lo començament de sa presa dau poder dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Ar%C3%A0bia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsula Aràbia">Peninsula Aràbia</a>. Es tanben utilizat coma començament dau <a href="/wiki/Calendier_musulman" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendier musulman">calendier musulman</a>. <br /> <b>623-628</b> : a l'iniciativa de <a href="/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet">Maomet</a>, adopcion de la « constitucion de Medina ». Aqueu tèxte es lo premier còdi que definiguèt lei drechs e lei deures de la comunautat <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmana</a>. Après aqueu succès, <a href="/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet">Maomet</a> ataquèt <a href="/wiki/La_M%C3%A8ca" title="La Mèca">La Mèca</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/630" class="mw-redirect" title="630">630</a>). <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:42-manasses-chronicle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/42-manasses-chronicle.jpg/220px-42-manasses-chronicle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/42-manasses-chronicle.jpg/330px-42-manasses-chronicle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/42-manasses-chronicle.jpg/440px-42-manasses-chronicle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2148" data-file-height="1038" /></a><figcaption>Representacion bizantina dau sètge de Constantinòble de 626.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8tge_de_Constantin%C3%B2ble_(626)" title="Sètge de Constantinòble (626)">Sètge de Constantinòble (626)</a>.</div> <p><b>626-627</b> : <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8tge_de_Constantin%C3%B2ble_(626)" title="Sètge de Constantinòble (626)">sètge de Constantinòble</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Sassanida" title="Empèri Sassanida">Sassanidas</a> e leis <a href="/wiki/Avars" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars">Avars</a>. Leis asalhidors subiguèron de pèrdas grèvas e deguèron se retirar. En parallèl, l'emperaire <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> menèt una ataca dirècta en <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8rsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèrsia">Pèrsia</a>. En <a href="/wiki/627" class="mw-redirect" title="627">627</a>, lei Bizantins, aliats amb lei <a href="/wiki/Cazars" title="Cazars">Cazars</a>, i anientèron lei tropas sassanidas (→ <a href="/wiki/630" class="mw-redirect" title="630">630</a>). <br /> <b>628-632</b> : guèrra civila en <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8rsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèrsia">Pèrsia</a> après la mòrt dau rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosrau_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosrau II (la pagina existís pas)">Cosrau II</a>. Afebliguèt grèvament l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Sassanida" title="Empèri Sassanida">Empèri Sassanida</a> que deguèt faciar una invasion araba. <br /> <b>629</b> : premiera incursion araba còntra lo territòri <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">bizantin</a>. <br /> <b>629</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>, fondacion de la vila de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dos_Pilas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dos Pilas (la pagina existís pas)">Dos Pilas</a> a l'iniciativa de <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a>. Permetent de protegir de rotas comercialas importantas, favorizèt lo redreiçament de <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/650" class="mw-redirect" title="650">650</a>). <br /> <b>630</b> : negociacions entre <a href="/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet">Maomet</a> e <a href="/wiki/La_M%C3%A8ca" title="La Mèca">La Mèca</a>. En cambi dau mantenement dau romavatge anuau dins la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> – fònt de revenguts importanta dei marchands locaus – leis abitants acceptèron de se sometre e d'adoptar l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> coma <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a>. <br /> <b>630</b> : afeblits per sa desfacha còntra lei Bizantins en <a href="/wiki/626" class="mw-redirect" title="626">626</a>, leis <a href="/wiki/Avars" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars">Avars</a> deguèron faciar la revòuta de divèrsei pòbles eslaus vassalizats (→ <a href="/wiki/632" class="mw-redirect" title="632">632</a> e <a href="/wiki/658" class="mw-redirect" title="658">658</a>). <br /> <b>631</b> : en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_d%27Aksum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume d'Aksum (la pagina existís pas)">Aksum</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> dau rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armah (la pagina existís pas)">Armah</a>. Aquò marquèt lo començament dau declin dau reiaume que poguèt plus batre de monedas d'<a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">aur</a>. Lo procès de sa disparicion es mau conegut e s'acabèt au sègle X. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rras_de_Ridda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrras de Ridda (la pagina existís pas)">Guèrras de Ridda</a>.</div> <p><b>632-633</b> : en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C3%A0bia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aràbia (la pagina existís pas)">Aràbia</a>, acabament de la premiera definicion dei rites <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmans</a> per <a href="/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet">Maomet</a> que moriguèt dins lo corrent de l'annada. Foguèt remplaçat per lo <a href="/wiki/Califa" title="Califa">califa</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> que deguèt reprimir una revòuta generala dei tribüs arabas desirosas de tornar establir son <a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a>. Lo califa novèu inicièt lo trabalh de fixacion escricha dau dògma – encara relativament fluctuant – fixat per <a href="/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet">Maomet</a>. <br /> <b>632</b> : premiera ataca araba còntra l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Sassanida" title="Empèri Sassanida">Empèri Sassanida</a>. <br /> <b>632</b> : après dos ans de guèrra còntra leis <a href="/wiki/Avars" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars">Avars</a>, independéncia dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanat_Bulgar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khanat Bulgar (la pagina existís pas)">Khanat Bulgar</a> situat au nòrd de la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Roja" title="Mar Roja">Mar Roja</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/668" class="mw-redirect" title="668">668</a>). <br /> <b>634</b> : premiera predicacion <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestiana</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wessex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wessex (la pagina existís pas)">Wessex</a>. Entraïnèt la conversion rapida de l'<a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracia</a>. <br /> <b>634</b> : acabament de la redaccion de la premiera version de l'<a href="/wiki/Alcoran" title="Alcoran">Alcoran</a> e mòrt dau califa d'<a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>. Foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> que decidèt de se concentrar sus l'expansion militara de la religion novèla. <br /> <b>634-637</b> : invasion araba de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Sassanida" title="Empèri Sassanida">Empèri Sassanida</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a>. Afeblida per sa lònga guèrra còntra <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8rsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèrsia">Pèrsia</a> subiguèt plusors desfachas qu'entraïnèron la pèrda e lo pilhatge de <a href="/wiki/Ctesifont" title="Ctesifont">Ctesifont</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/642" class="mw-redirect" title="642">642</a>). De son caire, lei Bizantins foguèron durament batuts a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Yarmok" title="Batalha de Yarmok">batalha de Yarmok</a>. L'avançada araba foguèt pasmens blocada per una epidemia de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8sta" title="Pèsta">pèsta</a> dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Ar%C3%A0bia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsula Aràbia">Peninsula Aràbia</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> que tuèt au mens 25 000 combatents. <br /> <b>635-638</b> : guèrra entre <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> e <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>. S'acabèt per una victòria tibetana e un maridatge entre lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Songtsen_Gampo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Songtsen Gampo (la pagina existís pas)">Songtsen Gampo</a> e una princessa segondària de l'ostau imperiau. Aquò permetèt de difusar la cultura chinesa en <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>. <br /> <b>640</b> : conquista d'una partida de <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> per <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Reiaumes_nubians_de_l%27Edat_Mejana_Auta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Reiaumes_nubians_de_l%27Edat_Mejana_Auta.png/220px-Reiaumes_nubians_de_l%27Edat_Mejana_Auta.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Reiaumes_nubians_de_l%27Edat_Mejana_Auta.png/330px-Reiaumes_nubians_de_l%27Edat_Mejana_Auta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Reiaumes_nubians_de_l%27Edat_Mejana_Auta.png/440px-Reiaumes_nubians_de_l%27Edat_Mejana_Auta.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption>Reiaumes nubians durant l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> Auta.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>640-642</b> : conquista de l'<a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> Bizantina per leis armadas arabas (→ <a href="/wiki/645" class="mw-redirect" title="645">645</a>). Avancèron vèrs l'<a href="/wiki/O%C3%A8st" title="Oèst">oèst</a> en direccion de <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a>. En revènge, vèrs lo sud, leis envaïsseires foguèron batuts per lei reiaumes nubians e per lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_d%27Aksum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume d'Aksum (la pagina existís pas)">reiaume d'Aksum</a>. <br /> <b>641</b> : mòrt de l'emperaire bizantin <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a>. Foguèt remplaçat per son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin III (la pagina existís pas)">Constantin III</a> rapidament assassinat au profiech d'una regéncia. <br /> <b>642-651</b> : conquista dau plan <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">iranian</a> per leis armadas arabas. Aquò entraïnèt la disparicion de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Sassanida" title="Empèri Sassanida">Empèri Sassanida</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Mohammad_adil_rais-Caliph_Umar%27s_empire_at_its_peak_644.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mohammad_adil_rais-Caliph_Umar%27s_empire_at_its_peak_644.PNG/220px-Mohammad_adil_rais-Caliph_Umar%27s_empire_at_its_peak_644.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mohammad_adil_rais-Caliph_Umar%27s_empire_at_its_peak_644.PNG/330px-Mohammad_adil_rais-Caliph_Umar%27s_empire_at_its_peak_644.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mohammad_adil_rais-Caliph_Umar%27s_empire_at_its_peak_644.PNG/440px-Mohammad_adil_rais-Caliph_Umar%27s_empire_at_its_peak_644.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Extension dau Califat a la mòrt d'<a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> en <a href="/wiki/644" class="mw-redirect" title="644">644</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>644</b> : assassinat dau califa <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> per un esclau desirós de venjar la conquista de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8rsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèrsia">Pèrsia</a>. Foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/wiki/Uthman" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman">Uthman</a>. <br /> <b>645-646</b> : revirada d'una temptativa <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">bizantina</a> de reconquistar <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, region agricòla majora de l'Empèri. <br /> <b>v. 650</b> : illustracion dau lent declin de <a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a>, la populacion de la vila deguèt venir inferiora a 100 000 abitants (còntra 250 000 a son apogèu). Per de rasons desconegudas, aquela crisi s'agravèt durant lo sègle seguent (→ <a href="/wiki/750" class="mw-redirect" title="750">750</a>). <br /> <b>v. 650</b> : formacion de l'Empèri Cazar, un empèri nomada, entre <a href="/wiki/Cauc%C3%A0s" title="Caucàs">Caucàs</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B2lga" title="Vòlga">Vòlga</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Caspiana" title="Mar Caspiana">Mar Caspiana</a>. Aliat amb lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a>, lei <a href="/wiki/Cazars" title="Cazars">Cazars</a> venguèron una poissança majora de la region. <br /> <b>650</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>, guèrra novèla entre <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a> e <a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a>. La segonda capitèt de mantenir sa dominacion amb la conquista de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dos_Pilas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dos Pilas (la pagina existís pas)">Dos Pilas</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/657" class="mw-redirect" title="657">657</a>). <br /> <b>650</b> : mòrt dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">tibetan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Songtsen_Gampo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Songtsen Gampo (la pagina existís pas)">Songtsen Gampo</a>. Durant son rèine, aviá transformat <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> qu'èra vengut una poissança importanta en <a href="/wiki/Asia_Centrala" title="Asia Centrala">Asia Centrala</a>. <br /> <b>651</b> : après plusors desfachas en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> Orientala, lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a> obtenguèron una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%C3%A8va&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trèva (la pagina existís pas)">trèva</a>. Aquò permetèt a l'armada imperiala de se reorganizar. <br /> <b>652</b> : <a href="/wiki/Segonda_batalha_de_Dongola" title="Segonda batalha de Dongola">segonda batalha de Dongola</a> entre una armada araba e lei fòrças dei reiaumes nubians. S'acabèt per una victòria nubiana que bloquèt l'expansion <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmana</a> vèrs lo sud de la vau de <a href="/wiki/Nil" title="Nil">Nil</a> durant plusors sègles. <br /> <b>653</b> : crisi religiosa dins l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a> a prepaus dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monotelisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monotelisme (la pagina existís pas)">monotelisme</a>. Condamnat per lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concili_de_Latran_de_649&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concili de Latran de 649 (la pagina existís pas)">concili de Latran de 649</a>, èra estat adoptat per l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constant_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constant II (la pagina existís pas)">Constant II</a> qu'arrestèt plusors figuras de l'<a href="/wiki/Ortodoxia" title="Ortodoxia">ortodoxia</a> crestiana. <br /> <b>656-657</b> : <a href="/wiki/Assassinat" title="Assassinat">assassinat</a> dau califa <a href="/wiki/Uthman" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman">Uthman</a> per de rebèls <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">egipcians</a>. Sa succession entraïnèt una guèrra civila dins lo Califat car son successor, <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>, foguèt pas acceptat per certanei senhors <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmans</a>. Lei rebèls capitèron de se gropar a l'entorn de <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I%C3%A8r" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah Ièr">Muawiyah</a>, governador de <a href="/wiki/Damasc" title="Damasc">Damasc</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/658" class="mw-redirect" title="658">658</a>). <br /> <b>657</b> : ocupacion de <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a> per <a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a>. Pasmens, lo sobeiran de la vila capitèt de s'enfugir. <br /> <b>658</b> : restabliment de la dominacion deis <a href="/wiki/Avars" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars">Avars</a> sus una partida dei territòris en revòuta dempuei <a href="/wiki/630" class="mw-redirect" title="630">630</a>. Pasmens, après aquela guèrra, leis Avars se contentèron de nomadizar en <a href="/wiki/Pan%C3%B2nia" title="Panònia">Panònia</a> e arrestèron leis <a href="/wiki/Incursion" class="mw-redirect" title="Incursion">incursions</a> còntra sei vesins sedentaris. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharidjisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kharidjisme (la pagina existís pas)">Kharidjisme</a>.</div> <p><b>658-659</b> : dins lo Califat, de temptativas d'arbitratge entraïnèron la destitucion d'<a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> e l'exclusion de <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I%C3%A8r" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah Ièr">Muawiyah</a> de la succession d'<a href="/wiki/Uthman" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman">Uthman</a>. Aquel arbritratge mau contentèt totei lei camps, especialament lei partisans d'<a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> qu'èran maucontentats de sa decision de sometre a un arbitratge uman la volontat divina de lo nomar <a href="/wiki/Califa" title="Califa">califa</a>. De combats aguèron luòc entre lei fidèus d'Ali e aquelei dissidents que foguèron batuts e obligats de se retirar vèrs lo sud de <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>. I fondèron un ensems de corrents rigoristas, formant una branca de l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> qu'es dicha <a href="/wiki/Kharijisme" title="Kharijisme">kharijisme</a>, e venguèron d'adversaris acarnats deis autrei <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmans</a> durant plusors sègles. <br /> <b>659</b> : trèva entre <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a> e <a href="/wiki/Califat_Omeia" title="Califat Omeia">Omeias</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/664" class="mw-redirect" title="664">664</a>). Permetèt ai dos camps de reglar sei problemas intèrnes. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Chiisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiisme">Chiisme</a>.</div> <p><b>661</b> : assassinat dau <a href="/wiki/Califa" title="Califa">califa</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> per un partisan dau <a href="/wiki/Kharijisme" title="Kharijisme">kharijisme</a>. Son fiu li succediguèt brèvament avans de laissar lo poder a <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I%C3%A8r" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah Ièr">Muawiyah</a>. Aqueu darrier fondèt lo <a href="/wiki/Califat_Omeia" title="Califat Omeia">Califat Omeia</a>. Una partida dei partisans d'<a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> refusèt de reconoisser son poder, çò que foguèt a l'origina de l'emergéncia dau <a href="/wiki/Chiisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiisme">chiisme</a>, autra branca importanta de l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>. <br /> <b>664</b> : represa de la guèrra entre <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a> e <a href="/wiki/Califat_Omeia" title="Califat Omeia">Omeias</a>. Pasmens, leis <a href="/wiki/Califat_Omeia" title="Califat Omeia">Omeias</a> deguèron mandar de fòrças per reprimir de trèbols en <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8rsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèrsia">Pèrsia</a>. D'efiech, en causa de son relèu malaisat, la region venguèt una basa persistenta de trèbols. <br /> <b>665</b> : arribada d'una expedicion aràbia en <a href="/wiki/Bactriana" title="Bactriana">Bactriana</a>. <br /> <b>668</b> : somesa a una pression militara importanta de part d'autrei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ris_nomadas" title="Empèris nomadas">pòbles nomadas</a>, la « Granda Bulgaria » se fragmentèt. Una partida dei subrevivents migrèt vèrs <a href="/wiki/Danubi" title="Danubi">Danubi</a> onte foguèron a l'origina de la <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> actuala. Lo rèsta s'installèt lòng de <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B2lga" title="Vòlga">Vòlga</a> e i fondèron lo <a href="/wiki/Khanat_Bulgar_de_V%C3%B2lga" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanat Bulgar de Vòlga">Khanat Bulgar de Vòlga</a>. <br /> <b>670</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Pan%C3%B2nia" title="Panònia">Panònia</a>, leis <a href="/wiki/Avars" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars">Avars</a> aculhiguèron divèrsei pòbles nomadas en fugida vèrs l'<a href="/wiki/O%C3%A8st" title="Oèst">oèst</a> après l'avançada dei <a href="/wiki/Cazars" title="Cazars">Cazars</a> dins l'<a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A8pa" title="Estèpa">estèpa</a>. Aqueleis arribadas permetèron ais <a href="/wiki/Avars" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars">Avars</a> de mantenir sa poissança dins lo bacin occidentau de <a href="/wiki/Danubi" title="Danubi">Danubi</a>. <br /> <b>671</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Insul%C3%ADndia" title="Insulíndia">Insulíndia</a>, formacion d'una dinastia poderosa dins la vila de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Srivijaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srivijaya (la pagina existís pas)">Srivijaya</a>. Eissida d'una aliança entre de pòbles nomadas maritims e d'abitants de l'illa de <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, venguèt una <a href="/wiki/Talassocracia" title="Talassocracia">talassocracia</a> importanta dins lo Sud-Èst Asiatic. <br /> <b>680</b> : mòrt dau califa omeia <a href="/wiki/Muawiya" title="Muawiya">Muawiya</a> (<a href="/wiki/661" class="mw-redirect" title="661">661</a>-<a href="/wiki/680" class="mw-redirect" title="680">680</a>) que foguèt remplaçat per son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yazid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yazid (la pagina existís pas)">Yazid</a> (<a href="/wiki/680" class="mw-redirect" title="680">680</a>-<a href="/wiki/683" class="mw-redirect" title="683">683</a>). Aquò illustra la capitada de la politica de construccion d'un Estat modèrne per lo poder omeia per remplaçar la <a href="/wiki/Teocracia" title="Teocracia">teocracia</a> eissida dau periòde de <a href="/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet">Maomet</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquela succession foguèt unicament contestada per lei partisans de la <a href="/wiki/Familha" class="mw-disambig" title="Familha">familha</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>. Dins aquò, poguèron pas recampar una armada importanta. Foguèron chaplats a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Kerbala_(680)" title="Batalha de Kerbala (680)">batalha de Kerbala</a> que s'acabèt per la mòrt d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hussayn_ibn_Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hussayn ibn Ali (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Hussayn ibn Ali</a>, fiu d'<a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>. Aquò marquèt una etapa importanta dins la formacion dau <a href="/wiki/Chiisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiisme">chiisme</a> e renforcèt tanben mai lo poder omeia amb l'eliminacion de l'eiretier principau d'<a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>. <br /> <b>683-685</b> : importanta <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Fitna" title="Segonda Fitna">guèrra civila</a> dins lo <a href="/wiki/Califat_Omeia" title="Califat Omeia">Califat Omeia</a> amb la proclamacion d'un califa rivau, <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_az-Zubayr" title="Abd Allah ibn az-Zubayr">Abd Allah ibn az-Zubayr</a>, a <a href="/wiki/La_M%C3%A8ca" title="La Mèca">La Mèca</a>. L'armada omeia prenguèt l'avantatge a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Marj_Rahit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Marj Rahit (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Marj Rahit</a> en <a href="/wiki/684" class="mw-redirect" title="684">684</a> mai deguèt faciar d'atacas importantas fins a <a href="/wiki/685" class="mw-redirect" title="685">685</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En mai d'aquò, <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_az-Zubayr" title="Abd Allah ibn az-Zubayr">Ibn az-Zubayr</a> gardèt lo contraròtle de <a href="/wiki/La_M%C3%A8ca" title="La Mèca">La Mèca</a> fins a <a href="/wiki/692" class="mw-redirect" title="692">692</a>. <br /> <b>685-687</b> : combats importants entre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wessex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wessex (la pagina existís pas)">Wessex</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. S'acabèron per de negociacions que permetèron de compilar leis <a href="/wiki/Lei" title="Lei">lèis</a> en vigor e de publicar lo premier còdi juridic anglosaxon en <a href="/wiki/694" class="mw-redirect" title="694">694</a>. <br /> <b>695</b> : importanta victòria de <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a> còntra <a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a>. S'acabèt per la mòrt probabla dau rèi de <a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a> que perdiguèt sa posicion dominanta dins lei regions maias<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>695-698</b> : presa de <a href="/wiki/Cartage" title="Cartage">Cartage</a> per leis Arabes. Lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a> la reconquistèron en <a href="/wiki/697" class="mw-redirect" title="697">697</a> mai mau capitèron de la gardar. Lei venceires chausiguèron de desmantelar la vila au profiech de <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>. Aquela desfacha entraïnèt de trèbols grèus dins l'Empèri amb lo reversament de l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonci_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonci II (la pagina existís pas)">Leonci II</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tib%C3%A8ri_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibèri III (la pagina existís pas)">Tibèri III</a>. <br /> <b>700</b> : importanta ataca araba en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> Orientala onte lei defensas bizantinas foguèron submergidas (→ <a href="/wiki/701" class="mw-redirect" title="701">701</a>). <br /> <b>700</b> : arribada d'una armada araba en <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Jerusalem_DomeoftheRock_J65.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jerusalem_DomeoftheRock_J65.JPG/220px-Jerusalem_DomeoftheRock_J65.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jerusalem_DomeoftheRock_J65.JPG/330px-Jerusalem_DomeoftheRock_J65.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jerusalem_DomeoftheRock_J65.JPG/440px-Jerusalem_DomeoftheRock_J65.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4872" data-file-height="3450" /></a><figcaption>Vista generala dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2me_dau_Roc%C3%A0s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dòme dau Rocàs (la pagina existís pas)">Dòme dau Rocàs</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>684</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, acomençament de la bastida dau <a href="/wiki/Sanctuari_d%27Al-Hussayn_ibn_Ali" title="Sanctuari d'Al-Hussayn ibn Ali">Sanctuari d'Al-Hussayn ibn Ali</a> quatre ans après sa <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Kerbala_(680)" title="Batalha de Kerbala (680)">batalha de Kerbala (680)</a>. <br /> <b>685-692</b> : bastida de la <a href="/wiki/Mosqueta" title="Mosqueta">mosqueta</a> dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2me_dau_Roc%C3%A0s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dòme dau Rocàs (la pagina existís pas)">Dòme dau Rocàs</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Illustracion de l'òbra de construccion d'un <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a> secular per lo poder <a href="/wiki/Califat_Omeia" title="Califat Omeia">omeia</a>, foguèt principalament bastida per d'arquitèctes e d'artesans <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">bizantins</a>. Per aquela rason, reprèn lo plan octogonau, lo dòme e lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosa%C3%AFca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosaïca (la pagina existís pas)">mosaïcas</a> caracteristicas de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura_bizantina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arquitectura bizantina (la pagina existís pas)">arquitectura bizantina</a> dau periòde<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Uei, l'endrech es considerat coma lo tresen luòc sant de l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunisme" title="Sunisme">sunita</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"><span id="Sci.C3.A9ncias_e_tecnicas"></span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Sciéncias e tecnicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Sciéncias e tecnicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>605</b> : premiera utilizacion d'un timpan dins l'arquitectura d'un pònt en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>. Dins lo meteis país, acabament de la premiera partida dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Canau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Canau (la pagina existís pas)">Grand Canau</a>. <br /> <b>628</b> : publicacion de l'òbra principala, intitulada <i><a href="/wiki/Brahmasphutasiddhanta" title="Brahmasphutasiddhanta">Brahmasphutasiddhanta</a></i>, dau sabent <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Brahmagupta" title="Brahmagupta">Brahmagupta</a> (<a href="/wiki/598" class="mw-redirect" title="598">598</a>-<a href="/wiki/668" class="mw-redirect" title="668">668</a>). I presentèt de resultats que foguèron d'avançadas importantas regardant la comprenença de la cifra <a href="/wiki/0_(nombre)" title="0 (nombre)">zèro</a>, lei reglas per manipular de <a href="/wiki/Nombre" title="Nombre">nombres</a> negatius e positius, un metòde de calcul dei racinas carradas, un metòde permetent de resòuvre d'<a href="/wiki/Equacion" title="Equacion">eqüacions</a> linearas e quadraticas e dei reglas regardant lei serias. I demostrèt tanben l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Identitat_de_Brahmagupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Identitat de Brahmagupta (la pagina existís pas)">Identitat</a> e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%A8ma_de_Brahmagupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorèma de Brahmagupta (la pagina existís pas)">Teorèma de Brahmagupta</a>. <br /> <b>644</b> : en <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8rsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèrsia">Pèrsia</a>, mencion pus anciana coneguda a l'ora d'ara d'un molin de vent verticau. <br /> <b>v. 695</b> : concepcion dau <a href="/wiki/Fu%C3%B2c_gr%C3%A8c" title="Fuòc grèc">fuòc grèc</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a>. <br /> <b>v. 700</b> : premiera mencion – en <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a> – de l'utilizacion de derivas lateralas e centralas per estabilizar lei <a href="/wiki/Naviri" title="Naviri">naviris</a>. Pasmens, l'invencion sembla ja ben difusada e l'invencion es donc probablament anteriora. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decès"><span id="Dec.C3.A8s"></span>Decès</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Decès" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Decès"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_(m%C3%A8tge_d%27Alex%C3%A0ndria)" title="Aaron (mètge d'Alexàndria)">Aaron d'Alexàndria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">mètge</a> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2ptes" title="Còptes">còpte</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Nu%27man_ibn_Muqrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Nu'man ibn Muqrin (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Nu'man ibn Muqrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generau" title="Generau">generau</a> arabi.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amru_bin_Ma%27adi_Yakrib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amru bin Ma'adi Yakrib (la pagina existís pas)">Amru bin Ma'adi Yakrib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generau" title="Generau">generau</a> arabi.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bh%C4%81skara_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhāskara I (la pagina existís pas)">Bhāskara I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">indian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmagupta" title="Brahmagupta">Brahmagupta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">indian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mardanshah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mardanshah (la pagina existís pas)">Mardanshah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generau" title="Generau">generau</a> <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Sassanida" title="Empèri Sassanida">sassanida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piruzan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piruzan (la pagina existís pas)">Piruzan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generau" title="Generau">generau</a> e ministre <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Sassanida" title="Empèri Sassanida">sassanida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tulayha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tulayha (la pagina existís pas)">Tulayha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generau" title="Generau">generau</a> arabe.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Califat_Omeia" title="Califat Omeia">Califat Omeia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Tang" title="Dinastia Tang">Dinastia Tang</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Sassanida" title="Empèri Sassanida">Empèri Sassanida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet">Maomet</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_VII&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Hugh Nigel Kennedy, <i>The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates : The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century</i>, Routledge, 2004, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Hugh Nigel Kennedy, <i>The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates : The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century</i>, Routledge, 2004, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Simon Martin e Nikolai Grube, <i>Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya</i>, Thames & Hudson,‎ 2008, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Joseph van Ess, « ‘Abd al-Malik and the Dome of the Rock », dins Julian Raby e Jeremy Johns (dir.), <i>Bayt al-Maqdis: `Abd al-Malik's Jerusalem</i>, vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Michel Écochard, <i>Filiation des monuments grecs, byzantins et islamiques : une question de géométrie</i>, Geuthner, 1977.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" 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