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class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>We the Living</i> (film)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">We the Living</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Noivivi_promozion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Noivivi_promozion.jpg/220px-Noivivi_promozion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Noivivi_promozion.jpg/330px-Noivivi_promozion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Noivivi_promozion.jpg/440px-Noivivi_promozion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1363" data-file-height="1884" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Original film poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Alessandrini" title="Goffredo Alessandrini">Goffredo Alessandrini</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrado_Alvaro" title="Corrado Alvaro">Corrado Alvaro</a></li> <li>Orio Vergani</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Giulio_Majano" title="Anton Giulio Majano">Anton Giulio Majano</a></li> <li>Goffredo Alessandrini</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oreste_Biancoli" title="Oreste Biancoli">Oreste Biancoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/We_the_Living" title="We the Living">We the Living</a></i><br />by <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alida_Valli" title="Alida Valli">Alida Valli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossano_Brazzi" title="Rossano Brazzi">Rossano Brazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosco_Giachetti" title="Fosco Giachetti">Fosco Giachetti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Caracciolo" title="Giuseppe Caracciolo">Giuseppe Caracciolo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eraldo_Da_Roma" title="Eraldo Da Roma">Eraldo Da Roma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renzo_Rossellini_(composer)" title="Renzo Rossellini (composer)">Renzo Rossellini</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Scalera_Film" title="Scalera Film">Scalera Film</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>14 September 1942<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1942-09-14</span>)</span> (Italy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">172 minutes (re-release)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Italian</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>We the Living</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_split_into_multiple_parts" title="List of films split into multiple parts">two-part</a> 1942 Italian <a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">romantic</a> <a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">war</a> <a href="/wiki/Drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama film">drama film</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a>'s 1936 <a href="/wiki/We_the_Living" title="We the Living">novel of the same name</a>. It was originally released as two films, <i><b>Noi vivi</b></i> (literally "We the living") and <i><b>Addio Kira</b></i> ("Goodbye Kira"). It was directed by <a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Alessandrini" title="Goffredo Alessandrini">Goffredo Alessandrini</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Scalera_Film" title="Scalera Film">Scalera Film</a>, and stars <a href="/wiki/Alida_Valli" title="Alida Valli">Alida Valli</a> as Kira Argounova, <a href="/wiki/Rossano_Brazzi" title="Rossano Brazzi">Rossano Brazzi</a> as Leo Kovalensky, and <a href="/wiki/Fosco_Giachetti" title="Fosco Giachetti">Fosco Giachetti</a> as Andrei Taganov. </p><p>The nominally anti-communist, but <i>de facto</i> anti-authoritarian film was made and released in Italy during World War II, before being banned by the <a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">Fascist</a> government and pulled from theaters. The film was lost and forgotten for decades, then found and restored with Rand's involvement. It was released for the first time in the United States in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-McConnell_2010_427_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McConnell_2010_427-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;min-width: min(25em, 100%);"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alida_Valli" title="Alida Valli">Alida Valli</a> as Kira Argounova</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossano_Brazzi" title="Rossano Brazzi">Rossano Brazzi</a> as Leo Kovalensky</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosco_Giachetti" title="Fosco Giachetti">Fosco Giachetti</a> as Andrei Taganov</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Grasso" title="Giovanni Grasso">Giovanni Grasso</a> as Tishenko</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Cigoli" title="Emilio Cigoli">Emilio Cigoli</a> as Pavel Syerov</li> <li>Cesarina Gheraldi as Comrade Sonia</li> <li>Mario Pisu as Victor Dunaev</li> <li>Guglielmo Sinaz as Morozov</li> <li>Gero Zambuto as Alexei Argounov</li> <li>Annibale Betrone as Vassili Dunaev</li> <li>Elvira Betrone as Maria Petrovna Dunaev</li> <li>Sylvia Manto as Marisha</li> <li>Claudia Marti as Lydia Argounova</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelina_Paoli" title="Evelina Paoli">Evelina Paoli</a> as Galina Petrovna Argounova</li> <li>Gina Sammarco as Tonia</li> <li>Lamberto Picasso as GPU Captain</li> <li>Sennuccio Benelli as Sasha</li> <li>Gioia Collei as Ada Dunaev</li> <li>Bianca Doria as Irina Dunaev</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goffredo_Alessandrini_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Goffredo_Alessandrini_1939.jpg/170px-Goffredo_Alessandrini_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Goffredo_Alessandrini_1939.jpg/255px-Goffredo_Alessandrini_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Goffredo_Alessandrini_1939.jpg/340px-Goffredo_Alessandrini_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>Director Goffredo Alessandrini</figcaption></figure> <p>The film version of <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/We_the_Living" title="We the Living">We the Living</a></i> was made in Italy by Scalera Films in 1942. Rand's novel was considered a political hot potato by Fascist authorities in Rome, but was approved for filming due to the intervention of dictator Benito Mussolini's son.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Alessandrini" title="Goffredo Alessandrini">Goffredo Alessandrini</a>, one of Italy's leading directors, and his young associate director, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Giulio_Majano" title="Anton Giulio Majano">Anton Giulio Majano</a>, knew that <i>We the Living</i> touched on volatile political issues, but they hoped they would be safe from repercussions because of the story's negative portrayal of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, Italy's wartime enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-treasure_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasure-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alessandrini was a very successful director during <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s regime. His films are noted for their extreme realism, and have been lauded as anticipating the <a href="/wiki/Neorealist_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Neorealist film">Neo-Realist</a> movement that was to follow the end of the war. Although, initially, his films were influenced by his brief stay in Hollywood in the early 1930s for MGM Studios, he successfully made the transition from musical comedies to historical dramas and ideological propaganda films when the tide of war changed the focus of filmmaking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rights_and_writing">Rights and writing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rights and writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The studio never secured the movie rights from Rand, who at the time lived in the United States. Europe was at war, and the Fascist Ministry of Culture set up special laws with regards to negotiations for rights and copyrights with enemy countries, making it impossible to buy the rights.<sup id="cite_ref-banned_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banned-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was made without the novelist's consent or knowledge, and no attempt was later made to compensate her.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first script was adapted from the book by two Italian novelists, but director Alessandrini abandoned their script. He and his assistant decided to make the picture without a finished script. The script was often written the day before filming or pulled directly from the novel, resulting in an adaptation that was more faithful to the novel than is typical in film adaptations. </p><p>Working without a complete script, they were inadvertently shooting more material than could be edited down to one film, so it was decided that the film would be released as two separate movies entitled, <i>Noi Vivi</i> (<i>We the Living</i>) and <i>Addio Kira</i> (<i>Goodbye Kira</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-banned_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banned-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting_and_shooting">Casting and shooting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Casting and shooting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cast in the leading roles were three of Italy's top box-offices attractions: 38-year-old <a href="/wiki/Fosco_Giachetti" title="Fosco Giachetti">Fosco Giachetti</a>, a star of such magnitude that his casting was unquestioned, in the role of Andrei; <a href="/wiki/Alida_Valli" title="Alida Valli">Alida Valli</a>, already a major star in Italy, played the role of Kira; and <a href="/wiki/Rossano_Brazzi" title="Rossano Brazzi">Rossano Brazzi</a> played Leo. When <i>We the Living</i> was made in 1942, Brazzi was already among the highest paid Italian film stars, and at age 21, Alida Valli was also one of Italy's highest paid actresses. Many of the extras were <a href="/wiki/White_emigres" class="mw-redirect" title="White emigres">White emigres</a> from Russia living in Rome, and production designers were also born in Russia. Due to the difficulty in securing location permits during the war, the film was shot on Scalera sound stages.<sup id="cite_ref-banned_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banned-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Future leading man <a href="/wiki/Raf_Vallone" title="Raf Vallone">Raf Vallone</a> appeared in the film as an extra. Ironically, in spite of the film's anti-Communist subject matter, Vallone was actually an ardent leftist and member of the banned <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a>. Prior to World War II, he worked as culture editor for the Party's official newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Unit%C3%A0" title="L'Unità">L'Unità</a></i>. At the same time the film was being shot, Vallone was a secret agent for the anti-fascist <a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italian resistance</a>, as a member of the Communist-affiliated '<a href="/wiki/Brigate_Garibaldi" title="Brigate Garibaldi">Brigate Garibaldi</a>' partisans.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opening_and_reception">Opening and reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Opening and reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:We_the_Living_DVD_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/We_the_Living_DVD_cover.jpg/220px-We_the_Living_DVD_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/We_the_Living_DVD_cover.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>DVD cover</figcaption></figure> <p>On September 14, 1942, the film premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a>. When the movie opened in Rome, it was a box-office success. The portrayal of an intelligent, sexually independent heroine was viewed as controversial. Shortly after its theatrical release, the Italian Government banned the film for reasons mentioned below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Censorship">Censorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Censorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the films' release, they were nearly censored by Mussolini's government. Government officials demanded to see the film <a href="/wiki/Dailies" title="Dailies">dailies</a>, but the editors hid any sensitive material. The release of the films was permitted because the story itself was set in <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Soviet Russia</a> and was directly critical of that regime. Rand was later told that the films were "released in Italy, played for two months with great success - and then the Italian newspapers began objecting to it and saying that it was anti-Fascist, which it was, essentially."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERand1995370_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERand1995370-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the Fascist government demanded the films be pulled from theaters and withdrawn from circulation. Furthermore, the films were ordered to be destroyed. In an attempt to save the films, Massimo Ferrara, the studio chief for Scalera Films, hid the original negatives with a trusted friend, then sent the negatives of another Scalera production to authorities to be destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-treasure_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasure-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revision_and_re-release">Revision and re-release</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Revision and re-release"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rand learned about the unauthorized adaptation of her novel in 1946. She saw the adaptation for the first time in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERand1995368_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERand1995368-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritting2004174_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritting2004174-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rand liked and was impressed by the films, but she resented the use of her story for Fascist propaganda and the addition of pro-Fascist and <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic">antisemitic</a> dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERand1995281_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERand1995281-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritting2004173–174_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritting2004173–174-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initial efforts to re-release the film with Rand's approval were ended when she declined to grant the literary rights.<sup id="cite_ref-treasure_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasure-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961, Rand settled her legal claims for damages from the adaptation and received a payment of 14 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_lire" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian lire">Italian lire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritting2004176_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritting2004176-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the settlement, Rand's lawyers, <a href="/wiki/Erika_Holzer" title="Erika Holzer">Erika Holzer</a> and Henry Mark Holzer, went to Italy to find negatives for the films. The search ended in the summer of 1968 when it was discovered that a business entity that owned dozens of vintage Italian films had obtained the original films. The Holzers brought a copy back to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-treasure_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasure-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritting2004176_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritting2004176-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly thereafter, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Scott_(director)" title="Duncan Scott (director)">Duncan Scott</a> began working with Rand on re-editing the films <i>Noi Vivi</i> and <i>Addio Kira</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, the two Italian films were combined into a single film with English subtitles. Certain subplots were cut to get the films down from four hours to a more manageable three-hour run-time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was edited to be more faithful to Rand's original novel, and during this time, they also rid the films of Fascist propaganda, which was a distortion of Rand's message.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new version produced by the Holzers and Duncan Scott and was approved by Rand and her estate. It was re-released as <i>We the Living</i> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McConnell_2010_427_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McConnell_2010_427-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new version of <i>We the Living</i> premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Telluride_Film_Festival" title="Telluride Film Festival">Telluride Film Festival</a> in Colorado in 1986 — the first public showing of the film outside of Italy since World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, it was released in theaters throughout the US, Canada, and overseas. Today, a two-disc DVD of the film is sold by Duncan Scott Productions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McConnell_2010_427-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McConnell_2010_427_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McConnell_2010_427_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell2010">McConnell 2010</a>, p. 427</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHauptman" class="citation web cs1">Hauptman, Don. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatlasphere.com/columns/120926-hauptman-we-the-living-70th.php">"We The Living, The Film: 70 Years Later"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+The+Living%2C+The+Film%3A+70+Years+Later&rft.aulast=Hauptman&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlasphere.com%2Fcolumns%2F120926-hauptman-we-the-living-70th.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWe+the+Living+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-treasure-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-treasure_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasure_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasure_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasure_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">We the Living DVD, Bonus Feature "Lost Treasure"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-banned-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-banned_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-banned_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-banned_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wethelivingmovie.com/history.php">"The Banned, Lost, Rediscovered: Ayn Rand's We the Living Lives On"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Banned%2C+Lost%2C+Rediscovered%3A+Ayn+Rand%27s+We+the+Living+Lives+On&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wethelivingmovie.com%2Fhistory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWe+the+Living+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRand1995">Rand 1995</a>, p. 383</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/nov/01/guardianobituaries.filmnews">"Obituary: Raf Vallone"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 2002-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Raf+Vallone&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2002%2Fnov%2F01%2Fguardianobituaries.filmnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWe+the+Living+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2002" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (2002-11-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/02/movies/raf-vallone-rugged-star-of-italian-films-dies-at-86.html">"Raf Vallone, Rugged Star Of Italian Films, Dies at 86"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Raf+Vallone%2C+Rugged+Star+Of+Italian+Films%2C+Dies+at+86&rft.date=2002-11-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F11%2F02%2Fmovies%2Fraf-vallone-rugged-star-of-italian-films-dies-at-86.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWe+the+Living+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERand1995370-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERand1995370_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRand1995">Rand 1995</a>, p. 370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERand1995368-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERand1995368_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRand1995">Rand 1995</a>, p. 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritting2004174-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritting2004174_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritting2004">Britting 2004</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERand1995281-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERand1995281_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRand1995">Rand 1995</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritting2004173–174-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritting2004173–174_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritting2004">Britting 2004</a>, pp. 173–174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritting2004176-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritting2004176_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritting2004176_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritting2004">Britting 2004</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell2010">McConnell 2010</a>, p. 422</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell2010">McConnell 2010</a>, pp. 422, 428</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRand1995">Rand 1995</a>, pp. 196, 281</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell2010">McConnell 2010</a>, pp. 424, 426</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPaxton1998">Paxton 1998</a>, p. 104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell2010">McConnell 2010</a>, p. 428</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranden1986" class="citation book cs1">Branden, Barbara (1986). <i>The Passion of Ayn Rand</i>. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-19171-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-19171-5"><bdi>0-385-19171-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Passion+of+Ayn+Rand&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday+%26+Company&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-385-19171-5&rft.aulast=Branden&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWe+the+Living+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritting2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Britting" title="Jeff Britting">Britting, Jeff</a> (2004). "Adapting <i>We the Living</i>". In Mayhew, Robert (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_073910697"><i>Essays on Ayn Rand's We the Living</i></a></span>. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7391-0697-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7391-0697-X"><bdi>0-7391-0697-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adapting+We+the+Living&rft.btitle=Essays+on+Ayn+Rand%27s+We+the+Living&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7391-0697-X&rft.aulast=Britting&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_073910697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWe+the+Living+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcConnell2010" class="citation book cs1">McConnell, Scott (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/100voicesoralhis0000mcco"><i>100 Voices: An Oral History of Ayn Rand</i></a></span>. New York: New American Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-23130-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-23130-7"><bdi>978-0-451-23130-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Voices%3A+An+Oral+History+of+Ayn+Rand&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=New+American+Library&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-451-23130-7&rft.aulast=McConnell&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F100voicesoralhis0000mcco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWe+the+Living+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaxton1998" class="citation book cs1">Paxton, Michael (1998). <i>Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life</i>. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87905-845-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87905-845-5"><bdi>0-87905-845-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ayn+Rand%3A+A+Sense+of+Life&rft.place=Layton%2C+Utah&rft.pub=Gibbs+Smith&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-87905-845-5&rft.aulast=Paxton&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWe+the+Living+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRand1995" class="citation book cs1">Rand, Ayn (1995). Berliner, Michael S. (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lettersofaynrand00rand_0"><i>Letters of Ayn Rand</i></a></span>. New York: Dutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-525-93946-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-525-93946-6"><bdi>0-525-93946-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+of+Ayn+Rand&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-525-93946-6&rft.aulast=Rand&rft.aufirst=Ayn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flettersofaynrand00rand_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWe+the+Living+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>We the Living</i>. Dir. Goffredo Alessandrini. Perf. Alida Valli, Rosanno Brassi, Fosco Giachetti. Scalera, 1942. Restoration producers Erika and Henry Holzer, Duncan Scott, 1986. Film.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ayn_Rand" title="Template:Ayn Rand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ayn_Rand" title="Template talk:Ayn Rand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ayn_Rand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ayn Rand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ayn_Rand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ayn_Rand_and_Objectivism" title="Bibliography of Ayn Rand and Objectivism">Bibliography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/We_the_Living" title="We the Living">We the Living</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthem_(novella)" title="Anthem (novella)">Anthem</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead" title="The Fountainhead">The Fountainhead</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideal_(novel)" title="Ideal (novel)">Ideal</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonfiction books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_New_Intellectual" title="For the New Intellectual">For the New Intellectual</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Objectivist_Epistemology" title="Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology">Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Fiction:_A_Guide_for_Writers_and_Readers" title="The Art of Fiction: A Guide for Writers and Readers">The Art of Fiction</a></i> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collected essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Virtue_of_Selfishness" title="The Virtue of Selfishness">The Virtue of Selfishness</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitalism:_The_Unknown_Ideal" title="Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal">Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Romantic_Manifesto" title="The Romantic Manifesto">The Romantic Manifesto</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Left:_The_Anti-Industrial_Revolution" title="The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution">The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philosophy:_Who_Needs_It" title="Philosophy: Who Needs It">Philosophy: Who Needs It</a></i> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Pawn" title="Red Pawn">Red Pawn</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Letters_(1945_film)" title="Love Letters (1945 film)">Love Letters</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Came_Along" title="You Came Along">You Came Along</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead_(film)" title="The Fountainhead (film)"><i>The Fountainhead</i></a> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_January_16th" title="Night of January 16th">Night of January 16th</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideal_(play)" title="Ideal (play)">Ideal</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unconquered_(1940_play)" title="The Unconquered (1940 play)">The Unconquered</a></i> (1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Ayn_Rand" title="The Early Ayn Rand">The Early Ayn Rand</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_of_Ayn_Rand" title="Letters of Ayn Rand">Letters of Ayn Rand</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_Ayn_Rand" title="Journals of Ayn Rand">Journals of Ayn Rand</a></i> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_5-3000" title="Liberty 5-3000">Liberty 5-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_Shrugged_characters" title="List of Atlas Shrugged characters">List of <i>Atlas Shrugged</i> characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Galt" title="John Galt">John Galt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Night_of_January_16th_(film)" title="The Night of January 16th (film)"><i>The Night of January 16th</i></a> (1941)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>We the Living</i></a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead_(film)" title="The Fountainhead (film)"><i>The Fountainhead</i></a> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gawaahi" title="Gawaahi">Gawaahi</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged_(film_series)" title="Atlas Shrugged (film series)"><i>Atlas Shrugged</i> (film series)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged:_Part_I" title="Atlas Shrugged: Part I"><i>Part I</i></a> (2011), <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged:_Part_II" title="Atlas Shrugged: Part II"><i>Part II</i></a> (2012), <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged_Part_III:_Who_Is_John_Galt%3F" title="Atlas Shrugged Part III: Who Is John Galt?"><i>Part III</i></a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unconquered_(1940_play)" title="The Unconquered (1940 play)">The Unconquered</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead_(play)" title="The Fountainhead (play)">The Fountainhead</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_homosexuality" title="Objectivism and homosexuality">Objectivism and homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randian_hero" title="Randian hero">Randian hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Ayn_Rand_Studies" title="The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies">The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivist_movement" title="Objectivist movement">Objectivist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivist_periodicals" title="Objectivist periodicals">Objectivist periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand_and_the_World_She_Made" title="Ayn Rand and the World She Made">Ayn Rand and the World She Made</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand:_A_Sense_of_Life" title="Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life">Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand:_The_Russian_Radical" title="Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical">Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ayn_Rand_Cult" title="The Ayn Rand Cult">The Ayn Rand Cult</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goddess_of_the_Market" title="Goddess of the Market">Goddess of the Market</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_Day:_My_Years_with_Ayn_Rand" title="Judgment Day: My Years with Ayn Rand"><i>Judgment Day</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Ayn_Rand" title="The Passion of Ayn Rand">The Passion of Ayn Rand</a></i> (book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Ayn_Rand_(film)" title="The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)"><i>The Passion of Ayn Rand</i></a> (film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Is_Ayn_Rand%3F" title="Who Is Ayn Rand?">Who Is Ayn Rand?</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_films_of_Goffredo_Alessandrini" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Goffredo_Alessandrini" title="Template:Goffredo Alessandrini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Goffredo_Alessandrini" title="Template talk:Goffredo Alessandrini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Goffredo_Alessandrini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Goffredo Alessandrini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_films_of_Goffredo_Alessandrini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The films of <a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Alessandrini" title="Goffredo Alessandrini">Goffredo Alessandrini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Secretary_(1931_Italian_film)" title="The Private Secretary (1931 Italian film)">The Private Secretary</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seconda_B" title="Seconda B">Seconda B </a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Bosco_(1935_film)" title="Don Bosco (1935 film)">Don Bosco</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Between_Two_Worlds" title="A Woman Between Two Worlds">A Woman Between Two Worlds</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_(1936_Italian_film)" title="Cavalry (1936 Italian film)">Cavalry</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Serra,_Pilot" title="Luciano Serra, Pilot">Luciano Serra, Pilot </a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Widow_(1939_film)" title="The Widow (1939 film)">The Widow</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Messias" title="Cardinal Messias">Cardinal Messias</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Glass_(film)" title="Bridge of Glass (film)">Bridge of Glass</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caravaggio,_il_pittore_maledetto" title="Caravaggio, il pittore maledetto">Caravaggio, il pittore maledetto</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Wedding_(1941_film)" title="Blood Wedding (1941 film)">Blood Wedding</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giarabub_(film)" title="Giarabub (film)">Giarabub</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">We the Living</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Addio Kira!</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fury_(1947_film)" title="Fury (1947 film)">Fury</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rapture_(1950_film)" title="Rapture (1950 film)">Rapture</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amina_(1951_film)" title="Amina (1951 film)">Amina</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(film)" title="Red Shirts (film)">Red Shirts</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daughter_of_the_Regiment_(1953_film)" title="The Daughter of the Regiment (1953 film)">The Daughter of the Regiment</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Public_Opinion_(1954_film)" title="Public Opinion (1954 film)">Public Opinion</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desert_Warrior_(1957_film)" title="Desert Warrior (1957 film)">Desert Warrior</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i>Mate Cosido</i> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&oldid=1254956279">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=We_the_Living_(film)&oldid=1254956279</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_films" title="Category:1942 films">1942 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_romantic_drama_films" title="Category:1942 romantic drama films">1942 romantic drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_Italian_films" title="Category:1940s Italian films">1940s Italian films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_Italian-language_films" title="Category:1940s Italian-language films">1940s Italian-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_rediscovered_films" title="Category:1940s rediscovered films">1940s rediscovered films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_black-and-white_films" title="Category:Italian black-and-white films">Italian black-and-white films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_based_on_American_novels" title="Category:Films based on American novels">Films based on American novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_based_on_works_by_Ayn_Rand" title="Category:Films based on works by Ayn Rand">Films based on works by Ayn Rand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_romantic_drama_films" title="Category:Italian romantic drama films">Italian romantic drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_Soviet_repression" title="Category:Films about Soviet repression">Films about Soviet repression</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Goffredo_Alessandrini" title="Category:Films directed by Goffredo Alessandrini">Films directed by Goffredo Alessandrini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_Renzo_Rossellini" title="Category:Films scored by Renzo Rossellini">Films scored by Renzo Rossellini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Censored_films" title="Category:Censored films">Censored films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Italy" title="Category:Films shot in Italy">Films shot in Italy</a></li><li><a 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