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interferon alpha-2b</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: human interferon alpha-2b"> <meta name="keywords" content="human interferon alpha-2b"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="human interferon alpha-2b"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8385</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: human interferon alpha-2b</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8385</span> Cloning, Expression and N-Terminal Pegylation of Human Interferon Alpha-2b Analogs and Their Cytotoxic Evaluation against Cancer Cell Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syeda%20Kiran%20Shahzadi">Syeda Kiran Shahzadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasir%20Mahmood"> Nasir Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdul%20Qadir"> Muhammad Abdul Qadir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current research, three recombinant human interferon alpha-2b proteins (two modified and one normal form) were produced and Pegylated with an aim to produce more effective drugs against viral infections and cancers. The modified recombinant human interferon alpha-2b proteins were produced by site-directed modifications of interferon alpha 2b gene, targeting the amino acids at positions ‘R23’ and ‘H34’. The resulting chemically modified and unmodified forms of human interferon alpha 2b were conjugated with methoxy-polyethylene glycol propanealdehyde (400 KDa) and methoxy-polyethylene glycol succinimidyl succinate (400 KDa). Pegylation of normal and modified forms of Interferon alpha-2b prolong their release time and enhance their efficacy. The conjugation of PEG with modified and unmodified human interferon alpha 2b protein drugs was also characterized with 1H-NMR, HPLC, and SDS-PAGE. Antiproliferative assays of modified and unmodified forms of drugs were performed in cell based bioassays using MDBK cell lines. The results indicated that experimentally produced recombinant human interferon alpha-2b proteins were biologically active and resulted in significant inhibition of cell growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20refolding" title="protein refolding">protein refolding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiproliferative%20activities" title=" antiproliferative activities"> antiproliferative activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20applications" title=" biomedical applications"> biomedical applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20interferon%20alpha-2b" title=" human interferon alpha-2b"> human interferon alpha-2b</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pegylation" title=" pegylation"> pegylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mPEG-propionaldehyde" title=" mPEG-propionaldehyde"> mPEG-propionaldehyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20directed%20mutagenesis" title=" site directed mutagenesis"> site directed mutagenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli%20expression" title=" E. coli expression"> E. coli expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83956/cloning-expression-and-n-terminal-pegylation-of-human-interferon-alpha-2b-analogs-and-their-cytotoxic-evaluation-against-cancer-cell-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8384</span> Statistical Analysis of Interferon-γ for the Effectiveness of an Anti-Tuberculous Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shishen%20Xie">Shishen Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingda%20L.%20Xie"> Yingda L. Xie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that remains a health concern. The Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is a blood test to find out if an individual is tuberculous positive or negative. This study applies statistical analysis to the clinical data of interferon-gamma levels of seventy-three subjects who diagnosed pulmonary TB in an anti-tuberculous treatment. Data analysis is performed to determine if there is a significant decline in interferon-gamma levels for the subjects during a period of six months, and to infer if the anti-tuberculous treatment is effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analysis" title="data analysis">data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon%20gamma%20release%20assay" title=" interferon gamma release assay"> interferon gamma release assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20methods" title=" statistical methods"> statistical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis%20infection" title=" tuberculosis infection"> tuberculosis infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49709/statistical-analysis-of-interferon-gh-for-the-effectiveness-of-an-anti-tuberculous-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8383</span> Pegylated Interferon in HCV Genotype 3 Relapser to Conventional Interferon in Pakistani Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Khalid%20Niaz">Saad Khalid Niaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20Mahmood%20Siddiqui"> Arif Mahmood Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afzal%20Haqi"> Afzal Haqi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Estimated prevalence of Hepatitis C in Pakistan is 5% of which 78 % are Genotype 3, in which Response to conventional interferon is reported to be 70%. Objective: To determine the efficacy of pegylated interferon 20 kDa (Unipeg) plus ribavirin (Ribazole) in HCV genotype 3 patients who relapsed to conventional interferon. Methods: This is an ongoing study of 20 enrolled patients. Pegylated interferon alfa-2a 20 kDa 180 mcg weekly with ribavirin, were administered for a period of 24 weeks. Virological Responses were measured by Qualitative HCV RNA at weeks 4, 12, 24 and 48 to determine Rapid Virological Response (RVR), Early Virological Response (EVR), End of Treatment (ETR) and Sustained Virological Response (SVR), respectively. EVR was done for those who didn’t achieve RVR. Results: Males were 12 (60%) and mean age was 38.5 ±7.62 years. Out of 20 recruited patients, all completed 4 weeks therapy; RVR was achieved in 8 (40%) patients. One patient was lost to follow up and one yet to visit at 12 weeks. From 10 patients, 8 (80%) patients achieved EVR. Out of intent-to-treat patients, 15 completed 24 weeks therapy, ETR was achieved in 14 (93%) patients and 9 patients completed post therapy follow-up, of which, 8 (89%) patients achieved SVR. Conclusion: Our interim data demonstrates that Pegylated Interferon alfa-2a 20 kDa 180 mcg (Unipeg) in combination with Ribavirin (Ribazole) has shown promising results in treating HCV Genotype 3 patients who relapsed to conventional interferon. We recommend use of Pegylated Interferon in Relapsers with Genotype 3 when financial constraints limit the use of oral antivirals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pegylated%20interferon%20%28unipeg%29" title="pegylated interferon (unipeg)">pegylated interferon (unipeg)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20c" title=" hepatitis c"> hepatitis c</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relapsers" title=" relapsers"> relapsers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42845/pegylated-interferon-in-hcv-genotype-3-relapser-to-conventional-interferon-in-pakistani-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8382</span> Evaluation of the Synergistic Inhibition of Enterovirus 71 Infection by Interferon-α Coupled with Pleconaril in RD Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Yu%20Lin">Wen-Yu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Ching%20Chung"> Yi-Ching Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzyy-Rong%20Jinn"> Tzyy-Rong Jinn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes recurring outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and encephalitis leading to complications or death in young children. And, several HFMD of EV71 with high mortalities occurred in Asia countries, such as Malaysia (1997), Taiwan (1998) and China (2008). Thus, more effective antiviral drugs are needed to prevent or reduce EV71-related complications. As reported, interferon-α protects mice from lethal EV71 challenge by the modulation of innate immunity and then degrade enterovirus protease 3Cᵖʳᵒ. On the other side, pleconaril by targeting enterovirus VP1 protein and then block virus entry and attachment. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the synergistic antiviral activity of interferon-α and pleconaril against enterovirus 71 infection. In a preliminary study showed that pleconaril at concentrations of 50, 100 and 300 µg/mL reduced EV71-induced CPE to 52.0 ± 2.5%, 40.2 ± 3.5% and 26.5 ± 1.5%, respectively, of that of the EV71-infected RD control cells (taken as 100%). Notably, 1000 IU/mL of interferon-α in combination with pleconaril at concentrations of 50, 100 and 300µg/mL suppressed EV71-induced CPE by 30.2 ± 3.8%, 16.5 ± 1.3% and 2.8 ± 2.0%, respectively, of that of the pleconaril alone treated with the infected RD cells. These results indicated that interferon-α 1000 IU/mL combination with pleconaril (50, 100 and 300µg/mL) inhibited EV71-induced CPE more effectively than treated with pleconaril alone in the infected RD cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterovirus%2071" title="enterovirus 71">enterovirus 71</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon-%CE%B1" title=" interferon-α"> interferon-α</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pleconaril" title=" pleconaril"> pleconaril</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RD%20cells" title=" RD cells"> RD cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102058/evaluation-of-the-synergistic-inhibition-of-enterovirus-71-infection-by-interferon-a-coupled-with-pleconaril-in-rd-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8381</span> Hepatocyte-Intrinsic NF-κB Signaling Is Essential to Control a Systemic Viral Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukumar%20Namineni">Sukumar Namineni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tracy%20O%27Connor"> Tracy O'Connor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrich%20Kalinke"> Ulrich Kalinke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Percy%20Knolle"> Percy Knolle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathias%20Heikenwaelder"> Mathias Heikenwaelder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The liver is one of the pivotal organs in vertebrate animals, serving a multitude of functions such as metabolism, detoxification and protein synthesis and including a predominant role in innate immunity. The innate immune mechanisms pertaining to liver in controlling viral infections have largely been attributed to the Kupffer cells, the locally resident macrophages. However, all the cells of liver are equipped with innate immune functions including, in particular, the hepatocytes. Hence, our aim in this study was to elucidate the innate immune contribution of hepatocytes in viral clearance using mice lacking Ikkβ specifically in the hepatocytes, termed IkkβΔᴴᵉᵖ mice. Blockade of Ikkβ activation in IkkβΔᴴᵉᵖ mice affects the downstream signaling of canonical NF-κB signaling by preventing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, an important step required for the initiation of innate immune responses. Interestingly, infection of IkkβΔᴴᵉᵖ mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) led to strongly increased hepatic viral titers – mainly confined in clusters of infected hepatocytes. This was due to reduced interferon stimulated gene (ISG) expression during the onset of infection and a reduced CD8+ T-cell-mediated response. Decreased ISG production correlated with increased liver LCMV protein and LCMV in isolated hepatocytes from IkkβΔᴴᵉᵖ mice. A similar phenotype was found in LCMV-infected mice lacking interferon signaling in hepatocytes (IFNARΔᴴᵉᵖ) suggesting a link between NFkB and interferon signaling in hepatocytes. We also observed a failure of interferon-mediated inhibition of HBV replication in HepaRG cells treated with NF-kB inhibitors corroborating our initial findings with LCMV infections. Collectively, these results clearly highlight a previously unknown and influential role of hepatocytes in the induction of innate immune responses leading to viral clearance during a systemic viral infection with LCMV-WE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CD8%2B%20T%20cell%20responses" title="CD8+ T cell responses">CD8+ T cell responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innate%20immune%20mechanisms%20in%20the%20liver" title=" innate immune mechanisms in the liver"> innate immune mechanisms in the liver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon%20signaling" title=" interferon signaling"> interferon signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon%20stimulated%20genes" title=" interferon stimulated genes"> interferon stimulated genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NF-kB%20signaling" title=" NF-kB signaling"> NF-kB signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20clearance" title=" viral clearance"> viral clearance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85132/hepatocyte-intrinsic-nf-kb-signaling-is-essential-to-control-a-systemic-viral-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8380</span> Early Transcriptome Responses to Piscine orthoreovirus-1 in Atlantic salmon Erythrocytes Compared to Salmonid Kidney Cell Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomais%20Tsoulia">Thomais Tsoulia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Y.%20M.%20Sundaram"> Arvind Y. M. Sundaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stine%20Braaen"> Stine Braaen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%98yvind%20Haugland"> Øyvind Haugland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Espen%20Rimstad"> Espen Rimstad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%98ystein%20%20Wessel"> Øystein Wessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20K.%20Dahle"> Maria K. Dahle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fish red blood cells (RBC) are nucleated, and in addition to their function in gas exchange, they have been characterized as mediators of immune responses. Salmonid RBC are the major target cells of Piscineorthoreovirus (PRV), a virus associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon. The activation of antiviral response genesin RBChas previously been described in ex vivo and in vivo PRV-infection models, but not explored in the initial virus encounter phase. In the present study, mRNA transcriptome responses were explored in erythrocytes from individual fish, kept ex vivo, and exposed to purified PRV for 24 hours. The responses were compared to responses in macrophage-like salmon head kidney (SHK-1) and endothelial-like Atlantic salmon kidney (ASK) cells, none of which support PRV replication. The comparative analysis showed that the antiviral response to PRV was strongest in the SHK-1 cells, with a set of 80 significantly induced genes (≥ 2-fold upregulation). In RBC, 46 genes were significantly upregulated, while ASK cells were not significantly responsive. In particular, the transcriptome analysis of RBC revealed that PRV significantly induced interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5-like (IFIT9). However, several interferon-regulated antiviral genes which have previously been reported upregulated in PRV infected RBC in vivo (myxovirus resistance (Mx), interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)), were not significantly induced after 24h of virus stimulation. In contrast to RBC, these antiviral response genes were significantly upregulated in SHK-1. These results confirm that RBC are involved in the innate immune response to viruses, but with a delayed antiviral response compared to SHK-1. A notable difference is that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is the most strongly induced gene in RBC, but not among the significantly induced genes in SHK-1. Putative differences in the binding, recognition, and response to PRV, and any link to effects on the ability of PRV to replicate remains to be explored. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiviral%20responses" title="antiviral responses">antiviral responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atlantic%20salmon" title=" atlantic salmon"> atlantic salmon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piscine%20%20orthoreovirus-1" title=" piscine orthoreovirus-1"> piscine orthoreovirus-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20blood%20cells" title=" red blood cells"> red blood cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNA-seq" title=" RNA-seq"> RNA-seq</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144712/early-transcriptome-responses-to-piscine-orthoreovirus-1-in-atlantic-salmon-erythrocytes-compared-to-salmonid-kidney-cell-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8379</span> Effect of Probiotics and Vitamin B on Plasma Interferon-Gamma and Interleukin-6 Levels in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulistiani%20Yulistiani">Yulistiani Yulistiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zamrotul%20Izzah"> Zamrotul Izzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lintang%20Bismantara"> Lintang Bismantara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenny%20Putri%20Nilamsari"> Wenny Putri Nilamsari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20Bachtiar"> Arif Bachtiar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20Suprapti"> Budi Suprapti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have the protective immune response against Tuberculosis (TB). Indeed, pro-inflammatory cytokines Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells increase the level of production of IFN-γ, a cytokine critical for augmenting the microbicidal activity of phagocytes. On the other hand, M. tuberculosis reduces the effects of IFN-γ by inhibiting the transcription of IFN-γ- responsive genes and by inducing the secretion of IL-6, which inhibits IFN-γ signaling. Probiotics Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. were known to increase IFN-γ production in vivo, while vitamin B1, B6, and B12 worked on macrophages and releasing cytokines. Therefore, the present study was to evaluate the effect of probiotics and vitamin B supplement on changes of plasma cytokine levels in active pulmonary TB. From October to November 2016, twelve M. tuberculosis-infected patients starting anti-TB drugs were recruited, then divided into two groups. Seven patients were given a combination of probiotics and vitamin B, while five patients were in the control group. Plasma IFN-γ and IL-6 levels were measured by the ELISA kit before and a month after treatment. IFN-γ levels raised in four patients receiving the supplement (P = 0.743), while IL-6 increased in three patients in this group until day 30 of treatment (P = 0.298). Taken together, these results show the promising effect of probiotics and vitamin B on stimulation of IFN-γ and IL-6 production during intensive therapy of TB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon-gamma" title="interferon-gamma">interferon-gamma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleukin-6" title=" interleukin-6"> interleukin-6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title=" probiotic"> probiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title=" tuberculosis"> tuberculosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62781/effect-of-probiotics-and-vitamin-b-on-plasma-interferon-gamma-and-interleukin-6-levels-in-active-pulmonary-tuberculosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8378</span> Preparation of Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b with High Antiviral Activity Using Linear 20 KDa Polyethylene Glycol Derivative</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehab%20El-Dabaa">Ehab El-Dabaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omnia%20Ali"> Omnia Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abd%20El-Hady"> Mohamed Abd El-Hady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Osman"> Ahmed Osman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recombinant human interferon alpha 2 (rhIFN-α2) is FDA approved for treatment of some viral and malignant diseases. Approved pegylated rhIFN-α2 drugs have highly improved pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and therapeutic efficiency compared to native protein. In this work, we studied the pegylation of purified properly refolded rhIFN-α2b using linear 20kDa PEG-NHS (polyethylene glycol- N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester) to prepare pegylated rhIFN-α2b with high stability and activity. The effect of different parameters like rhIFN-α2b final concentration, pH, rhIFN-α2b/PEG molar ratios and reaction time on the efficiency of pegylation (high percentage of monopegylated rhIFN-α2b) have been studied in small scale (100µl) pegylation reaction trials. Study of the percentages of different components of these reactions (mono, di, polypegylated rhIFN-α2b and unpegylated rhIFN-α2b) indicated that 2h is optimum time to complete the reaction. The pegylation efficiency increased at pH 8 (57.9%) by reducing the protein concentration to 1mg/ml and reducing the rhIFN-α2b/PEG ratio to 1:2. Using larger scale pegylation reaction (65% pegylation efficiency), ion exchange chromatography method has been optimized to prepare and purify the monopegylated rhIFN-α2b with high purity (96%). The prepared monopegylated rhIFN-α2b had apparent Mwt of approximately 65 kDa and high in vitro antiviral activity (2.1x10⁷ ± 0.8 x10⁷ IU/mg). Although it retained approximately 8.4 % of the antiviral activity of the unpegylated rhIFN-α2b, its activity is high compared to other pegylated rhIFN-α2 developed by using similar approach or higher molecular weight branched PEG. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiviral%20activity" title="antiviral activity">antiviral activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhIFN-%CE%B12b" title=" rhIFN-α2b"> rhIFN-α2b</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pegylation" title=" pegylation"> pegylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pegylation%20efficiency" title=" pegylation efficiency"> pegylation efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82826/preparation-of-pegylated-interferon-alpha-2b-with-high-antiviral-activity-using-linear-20-kda-polyethylene-glycol-derivative" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8377</span> Transcriptional Differences in B cell Subpopulations over the Course of Preclinical Autoimmunity Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandra%20Bylinska">Aleksandra Bylinska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samantha%20Slight-Webb"> Samantha Slight-Webb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Thomas"> Kevin Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miles%20Smith"> Miles Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Macwana"> Susan Macwana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Dominguez"> Nicolas Dominguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eliza%20Chakravarty"> Eliza Chakravarty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joan%20T.%20Merrill"> Joan T. Merrill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Judith%20A.%20James"> Judith A. James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20M.%20Guthridge"> Joel M. Guthridge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an interferon-related autoimmune disease characterized by B cell dysfunction. One of the main hallmarks is a loss of tolerance to self-antigens leading to increased levels of autoantibodies against nuclear components (ANAs). However, up to 20% of healthy ANA+ individuals will not develop clinical illness. SLE is more prevalent among women and minority populations (African, Asian American and Hispanics). Moreover, African Americans have a stronger interferon (IFN) signature and develop more severe symptoms. The exact mechanisms involved in ethnicity-dependent B cell dysregulation and the progression of autoimmune disease from ANA+ healthy individuals to clinical disease remains unclear. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from African (AA) and European American (EA) ANA- (n=12), ANA+ (n=12) and SLE (n=12) individuals were assessed by multimodal scRNA-Seq/CITE-Seq methods to examine differential gene signatures in specific B cell subsets. Library preparation was done with a 10X Genomics Chromium according to established protocols and sequenced on Illumina NextSeq. The data were further analyzed for distinct cluster identification and differential gene signatures in the Seurat package in R and pathways analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). Results: Comparing all subjects, 14 distinct B cell clusters were identified using a community detection algorithm and visualized with Uniform Manifold Approximation Projection (UMAP). The proportion of each of those clusters varied by disease status and ethnicity. Transitional B cells trended higher in ANA+ healthy individuals, especially in AA. Ribonucleoprotein high population (HNRNPH1 elevated, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein, RNP-Hi) of proliferating Naïve B cells were more prevalent in SLE patients, specifically in EA. Interferon-induced protein high population (IFIT-Hi) of Naive B cells are increased in EA ANA- individuals. The proportion of memory B cells and plasma cells clusters tend to be expanded in SLE patients. As anticipated, we observed a higher signature of cytokine-related pathways, especially interferon, in SLE individuals. Pathway analysis among AA individuals revealed an NRF2-mediated Oxidative Stress response signature in the transitional B cell cluster, not seen in EA individuals. TNFR1/2 and Sirtuin Signaling pathway genes were higher in AA IFIT-Hi Naive B cells, whereas they were not detected in EA individuals. Interferon signaling was observed in B cells in both ethnicities. Oxidative phosphorylation was found in age-related B cells (ABCs) for both ethnicities, whereas Death Receptor Signaling was found only in EA patients in these cells. Interferon-related transcription factors were elevated in ABCs and IFIT-Hi Naive B cells in SLE subjects of both ethnicities. Conclusions: ANA+ healthy individuals have altered gene expression pathways in B cells that might drive apoptosis and subsequent clinical autoimmune pathogenesis. Increases in certain regulatory pathways may delay progression to SLE. Further, AA individuals have more elevated activation pathways that may make them more susceptible to SLE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139567/transcriptional-differences-in-b-cell-subpopulations-over-the-course-of-preclinical-autoimmunity-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8376</span> Expression of Interferon-Lambda Receptor-(IFN-λRα) in Mononuclear Phagocyte Cells (MPCs) Is Influenced by the Levels of Newly Discovered Type III IFN-λ4 in Vitro</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashaam%20Akhtar">Hashaam Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> IFNλR1 and IL10R2 collectively construct a heterodimer, which is an acknowledged functional receptor for all type III interferons (IFNs). Expression of IFNλR1 is highly tissue specific, which can help in making type III IFNs a drug of choice as comparable to its analogue, type I IFNs, for treating hepatitis C in the near future. Although, expression of IFNλR1 also varies with the concentration of type I IFNs, but in this study it was shown that the expression of IFNλR1 varies with the protein titers of IFN-α, IFN-λ3 and the newly discovered IFN-λ4. High dosage of IFN-α reduces the expression of IFNλR1 in HepG2 cells, which can affect the antiviral activity of type III IFNs in vivo. We premeditated an experimental strategy to differentiate monocytes into dendritic cells (DCs), type I and type II macrophages in vitro and quantified the expression of the IFNλR1 by qPCR. The exposure of newly discovered IFN-λ4 to macrophages and DCs also raised the expression of its own receptor, which shows that expression of IFN-λ4 protein in hepatitis C patient may augment type I treatment and help ease off viral titers. The results of this study may contribute in some understanding towards the mechanisms involved in the selective expression of IFNLR1 and exceptionalities associated with the receptor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IFNLR1" title="IFNLR1">IFNLR1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Interferon%20Lambda%204%20%28IFN-%CE%BB4%29" title=" Interferon Lambda 4 (IFN-λ4)"> Interferon Lambda 4 (IFN-λ4)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mononuclear%20Phagocyte%20Cells%20%28MPCs%29" title=" Mononuclear Phagocyte Cells (MPCs)"> Mononuclear Phagocyte Cells (MPCs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expression" title=" expression"> expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17385/expression-of-interferon-lambda-receptor-ifn-lra-in-mononuclear-phagocyte-cells-mpcs-is-influenced-by-the-levels-of-newly-discovered-type-iii-ifn-l4-in-vitro" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8375</span> Effects of α-IFN –SingleWalled Carbon NanoTube and α-IFN-PLGA Encapsulated on Breast Cancer in Rats Induced by DMBA by Using CA15-3 Tumor Marker</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anoosh%20Eghdami">Anoosh Eghdami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and aim: Conventional anticancer drugs display significant shortcomings which limit their use in cancer therapy. For this reason, important progress has been achieved in the field of nanotechnology to solve these problems and offer a promising and effective alternative for cancer treatment. Tumor markers may also be measured periodically during cancer therapy. Tumor markers may also be measured after treatment has ended to check for recurrence the return of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nano drug delivery in induced breast cancer with DMBA by using CA15-3 tumor marker. Material and method: the rats were divided into five groups. The first group (control n=15) were fed only sesame oil as a gavage. In the second group n=15,10 mg DMBA was dissolved in 5ml of sesame oil and were fed as a gavage. In addition to DMBA treatment as the second group, in the 3,4and 5 groups after cancer creation, respectively affected by alpha interferon (α-IFN),alpha interferon conjugated with single walled carbon nano tube (α-IFN-SWNT) and encapsulated in poly lactic poly glycolic acid (α-IFN-PLGA). Tumor marker was measured in recent three groups. Results: The ANOVA test was used to determine the differences among the groups. Cancer inducing in rats (group 2) caused a significant increase in blood levels of CA15-3 (P<0.05). Administration of α-IFN, α-IFN –SWNT and α-IFN-PLGA in 3 groups of cancerous rats caused a significant decrease in blood levels of CA15-3 only the group that treated with α-IFN-PLGA (p<0.05). Conclusion: the results of this study indicate that nano drugs more effective than traditional drug in cancer treatment, although further work is needed to elucidate the safety and side effect of these compound in human. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20drug" title=" nano drug"> nano drug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20markers" title=" tumor markers"> tumor markers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CA15-3" title=" CA15-3"> CA15-3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-IFN-PLGA" title=" α-IFN-PLGA"> α-IFN-PLGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=-IFN%20%E2%80%93SWNT" title=" -IFN –SWNT"> -IFN –SWNT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42105/effects-of-a-ifn-singlewalled-carbon-nanotube-and-a-ifn-plga-encapsulated-on-breast-cancer-in-rats-induced-by-dmba-by-using-ca15-3-tumor-marker" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8374</span> Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein-3 rs12252-CC Associated with the Progress of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Up-Regulating the Expression of Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuli%20Hou">Yuli Hou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianping%20Sun"> Jianping Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengdan%20Gao"> Mengdan Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Liu"> Hui Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20Qin"> Ling Qin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ang%20Li"> Ang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongfu%20Li"> Dongfu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yonghong%20Zhang"> Yonghong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Zhao"> Yan Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a component of ISG (Interferon-Stimulated Gene) family. IFITM3 has been recognized as a key signal molecule regulating cell growth in some tumors. However, the function of IFITM3 rs12252-CC genotype in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown to author’s best knowledge. A cohort study was employed to clarify the relationship between IFITM3 rs12252-CC genotype and HCC progression, and cellular experiments were used to investigate the correlation of function of IFITM3 and the progress of HCC. Methods: 336 candidates were enrolled in study, including 156 with HBV related HCC and 180 with chronic Hepatitis B infections or liver cirrhosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to determine the gene polymorphism of IFITM3. The functions of IFITM3 were detected in PLC/PRF/5 cell with different treated:LV-IFITM3 transfected with lentivirus to knockdown the expression of IFITM3 and LV-NC transfected with empty lentivirus as negative control. The IFITM3 expression, proliferation and migration were detected by Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), QuantiGene Plex 2.0 assay, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, Cell Counting Kit(CCK)-8 and wound healing respectively. Six samples (three infected with empty lentiviral as control; three infected with LV-IFITM3 vector lentiviral as experimental group ) of PLC/PRF/5 were sequenced at BGI (Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen,China) using RNA-seq technology to identify the IFITM3-related signaling pathways and chose PI3K/AKT pathway as related signaling to verify. Results: The patients with HCC had a significantly higher proportion of IFITM3 rs12252-CC compared with the patients with chronic HBV infection or liver cirrhosis. The distribution of CC genotype in HCC patients with low differentiation was significantly higher than that in those with high differentiation. Patients with CC genotype found with bigger tumor size, higher percentage of vascular thrombosis, higher distribution of low differentiation and higher 5-year relapse rate than those with CT/TT genotypes. The expression of IFITM3 was higher in HCC tissues than adjacent normal tissues, and the level of IFITM3 was higher in HCC tissues with low differentiation and metastatic than high/medium differentiation and without metastatic. Higher RNA level of IFITM3 was found in CC genotype than TT genotype. In PLC/PRF/5 cell with knockdown, the ability of cell proliferation and migration was inhibited. Analysis RNA sequencing and verification of RT-PCR found out the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway was associated with knockdown IFITM3.With the inhibition of IFITM3, the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was blocked and the expression of vimentin was decreased. Conclusions: IFITM3 rs12252-CC with the higher expression plays a vital role in the progress of HCC by regulating HCC cell proliferation and migration. These effects are associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IFITM3" title="IFITM3">IFITM3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon-induced%20transmembrane%20protein%203" title=" interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3"> interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCC" title=" HCC"> HCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatocellular%20carcinoma" title=" hepatocellular carcinoma"> hepatocellular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI3K%2F%20AKT%2FmTOR" title=" PI3K/ AKT/mTOR"> PI3K/ AKT/mTOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphatidylinositol%203-kinase%2Fprotein%20kinase%20B%2Fmammalian%20target%20of%20rapamycin" title=" phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin"> phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100157/interferon-induced-transmembrane-protein-3-rs12252-cc-associated-with-the-progress-of-hepatocellular-carcinoma-by-up-regulating-the-expression-of-interferon-induced-transmembrane-protein-3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8373</span> Human Security and Human Trafficking Related Corruption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekin%20D.%20Horzum">Ekin D. Horzum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the proposal is to examine the relationship between human trafficking related corruption and human security. The proposal suggests that the human trafficking related corruption is about willingness of the states to turn a blind eye to the human trafficking cases. Therefore, it is important to approach human trafficking related corruption in terms of human security and human rights violation to find an effective way to fight against human trafficking. In this context, the purpose of this proposal is to examine the human trafficking related corruption as a safe haven in which trafficking thrives for perpetrators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title="human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title=" human security"> human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organized%20crime" title=" organized crime"> organized crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5546/human-security-and-human-trafficking-related-corruption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8372</span> The Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Augmenting IFN-γ Production in Response to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Imran%20Hussain">Muhammad Imran Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramisha%20Ibtisam"> Ramisha Ibtisam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayyaba%20Fatima"> Tayyaba Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huba%20Khalid"> Huba Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Aziz"> Ayesha Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khansa"> Khansa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adan%20Sitara"> Adan Sitara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anam%20Shahzad"> Anam Shahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aymen%20Jabeen"> Aymen Jabeen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vitamin D supports the immune system fight TB by inhibiting Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and lowering host inflammation. The purpose of the research was to see if giving the vitamin D supplements to TB patients affected their prognosis. A randomized placebo control study of 200 TB patients was performed among which 106 received 400,000 IU of injectable vitamin D3 and 94 received placebo for 2 doses. Assessment was carried out at the end of every month for 3 months. IFN-γ responses to whole blood stimulation generated by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis sonicate (MTBs) antigen and early secreted and T cell activated 6 kDa (ESAT6) were assessed at 0 and 12 weeks. The statistical analysis used descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Friedman's test and Fisher's test. The vitamin D group gained significantly more weight (+3.90 pounds) and had less persistent lung disease on imaging (1.33 zones vs. 1.84 zones). They also had a 50% decrease in cavity size. Additionally, patients with low baseline serum concentrations of 25-(OH)D had a significant increase in MTB-induced IFN-γ production after taking vitamin D supplements. Vitamin D administration in large amounts can hasten the recovery of TB patients. The findings point is a therapeutically useful activity of Vitamin D's in the management for tuberculosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title="tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D" title=" vitamin D"> vitamin D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon%20gamma" title=" interferon gamma"> interferon gamma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infection" title=" infection"> infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184471/the-role-of-vitamin-d-supplementation-in-augmenting-ifn-gh-production-in-response-to-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-infection-a-randomized-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8371</span> Study of Circulatory MiR-122 and MiR-130a Expression among Chronic Hepatitis C Egyptian Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hend%20K.%20Moosa">Hend K. Moosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20A.%20Rashwan"> Eman A. Rashwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzat%20M.%20Hassan"> Ezzat M. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amany%20A.%20Ghazy"> Amany A. Ghazy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20G.%20Sheredy"> Amel G. Sheredy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stability of microRNA (miR) in the circulation can show a great progress toward the discovery of non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in many diseases. In the present study, circulatory miR-122 and miR-130a were analysed in chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients in predicting the clinical outcome of interferon treatment. In addition, their expression levels were correlated to viral RNA levels, necro-inflammatory markers (AST, ALT) and to each other. This study was conducted on 51 subjects where 36 were chronic HCV patients in which they were divided into naive and interferon treated HCV patients (responders and non-responders) and 15 matched healthy controls. Serum quantification of miR-122 and miR-130a were performed by quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed a significant upregulation of miR-122 in non-responder patients (P=0.049). By receiver operating characteristic analysis curve, miR-122 revealed 65% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity in predicting non-responsiveness of patients to IFN treatment, while miR-130a showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 53.85%. Remarkably, there was a significant positive correlation between miR-122 and miR-130a in naive HCV patients (r=0.714, p=0.003). However, there was no significant correlation between serum miR-122, miR-130a expression levels and necro-inflammatory markers (AST, ALT). To conclude, miR-122 and miR-130a have a significant association with viral RNA levels and accordingly, they may have a synergistic power in promoting viral replication. Interestingly, miR-122 and miR-130a have a predictive power in predicting clinical outcome of IFN treatment which can be further studied in currently used drugs in order to reduce the socio-economic burden of potentially non-responders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20C" title="hepatitis C">hepatitis C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microRNA" title=" microRNA"> microRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miR-122" title=" miR-122"> miR-122</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miR-130a" title=" miR-130a"> miR-130a</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77630/study-of-circulatory-mir-122-and-mir-130a-expression-among-chronic-hepatitis-c-egyptian-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8370</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerols%20Seif%20Said%20Botros">Kerols Seif Said Botros</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between development and human rights has been debated for a long time. Various principles, from the right to development to development-based human rights, are applied to understand the dynamics between these two concepts. Despite the measures calculated, the connection between enhancement and human rights remains vague. Despite, the connection between these two opinions and the need to strengthen human rights have increased in recent years. It will then be examined whether the right to sustainable development is acceptable or not. In various human rights instruments and this is a good vibe to the request cited above. The book then cites domestic and international human rights treaties, as well as jurisprudence and regulations defining human rights institutions, to support this view. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security." title=" security."> security.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185693/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-human-rights-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8369</span> Genetics of Atopic Dermatitis: Role of Cytokine Genes Polymorphisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghaleb%20Bin%20Huraib">Ghaleb Bin Huraib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by severe itching and recurrent, relapsing eczema-like skin lesions, affecting up to 20% of children and 10% of adults in industrialized countries. AD is a complex multifactorial disease, and its exact etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gene polymorphisms of T helper cell subtype Th1 and Th2 cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1on AD susceptibility in a Saudi cohort. One hundred four unrelated patients with AD and 195 healthy controls were genotyped for IFN-γ (874A/T), IL-6 (174G/C) and TGF-β1 (509C/T) polymorphisms using ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP technique. The frequency of genotypes AA and AT of IFN-γ (874A/T) differed significantly among patients and controls (P 0.001). The genotype AT was increased while genotype AA was decreased in AD patients as compared to controls. AD patients also had a higher frequency of T-containing genotypes (AT+TT) than controls (P = 0.001). The frequencies of alleles T and A were statistically different in patients and controls (P = 0.04). The frequencies of genotype GG and allele G of IL-6 (174G/C) were significantly higher, while genotype GC and allele C were lower in AD patients than in controls. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of TGF-β1 (509C/T) polymorphism between the patient and control groups. These results showed that susceptibility to AD is influenced by the presence or absence of genotypes of IFN-γ (874A/T) and IL-6 (174G/C) polymorphisms. It is concluded T-allele and T-containing genotypes (AT+TT) of IFN-γ (874A/T) and G-allele and GG genotype ofIL-6 (174G/C) polymorphisms are susceptible to AD in Saudis. On the other hand, the TGF-β1 (509C/T) polymorphism may not be associated with AD risk in our population; however, further studies with large sample sizes are required to confirm these results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atopic%20dermatitis" title="atopic dermatitis">atopic dermatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polymorphism" title=" Polymorphism"> Polymorphism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Interferon" title=" Interferon"> Interferon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IL-6" title=" IL-6"> IL-6</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160457/genetics-of-atopic-dermatitis-role-of-cytokine-genes-polymorphisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8368</span> A Systematic Review for the Association between Active Smoking and Latent Tuberculosis Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pui%20Hong%20%20Chung">Pui Hong Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wing%20Chi%20Ho"> Wing Chi Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Li"> Jun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyrus%20%20Leung"> Cyrus Leung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ek%20Yeoh"> Ek Yeoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cigarette smoking is associated with poor tuberculosis (TB) outcomes in terms of progression of active TB, relapse of TB and TB-related mortality, but the association with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is unclear. The systematic review conducted aimed at studying the association between active smoking and LTBI, and likelihood of dose-response relationship. Methods: Two independent reviewers searched three electronic databases comprising PudMed, Medline by EBSCOHOST, ExcerptaMedica Database (EMBASE), from inception up to 31st Dec 2015 for studies reporting data on current smoking and the LTBI with tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) results, comparing the odds ratios (ORs) of outcome measure of TST or IGRAs among current smokers with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Seven studies were identified, including six cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal cohort study. The outcome measures from three studies were in TST, three studies in IGRAs and one for both tests. For TST, OR ranging from 1.39 to 3.40 (95% CI) with all studies shown positive association between cigarette smoking and LTBI. For IGRAs, OR ranging from 0.47 to 1.89 (95% CI) with one study shown the negative association that might be related to impaired interferon-gamma production in immunosuppressive persons. One identified study demonstrated positive dose-response relationship in TST result. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is likely to be a risk factor of LTBI. There is the important implication for TB and tobacco control program to halt TB by empowering public health policy. Further study is also needed to provide more evidence of the dose-response model/relationship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latent%20tuberculosis%20infection" title="latent tuberculosis infection">latent tuberculosis infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20smoking" title=" active smoking"> active smoking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59424/a-systematic-review-for-the-association-between-active-smoking-and-latent-tuberculosis-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8367</span> Genetics of Atopic Dermatitis: Role of Cytokines Genes Polymorphisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghaleb%20Bin%20Huraib">Ghaleb Bin Huraib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Al%20Harthi"> Fahad Al Harthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misbahul%20Arfin"> Misbahul Arfin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Al-Asmari"> Abdulrahman Al-Asmari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by severe itching and recurrent relapsing eczema-like skin lesions, affecting up to 20% of children and 10% of adults in industrialized countries. AD is a complex multifactorial disease, and its exact etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gene polymorphisms of T helper cell subtype Th1 and Th2 cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1on AD susceptibility in a Saudi cohort. One hundred four unrelated patients with AD and 195 healthy controls were genotyped for IFN-γ (874A/T), IL-6 (174G/C) and TGF-β1 (509C/T) polymorphisms using ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP technique. The frequency of genotypes AA and AT of IFN-γ (874A/T) differed significantly among patients and controls (P 0.001). The genotype AT was increased while genotype AA was decreased in AD patients as compared to controls. AD patients also had higher frequency of T containing genotypes (AT+TT) than controls (P = 0.001). The frequencies of allele T and A were statistically different in patients and controls (P = 0.04). The frequencies of genotype GG and allele G of IL-6 (174G/C) were significantly higher while genotype GC and allele C were lower in AD patients than controls. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of TGF-β1 (509C/T) polymorphism between patient and control groups. These results showed that susceptibility to AD is influenced by presence or absence of genotypes of IFN-γ (874A/T) and IL-6 (174G/C) polymorphisms. It is concluded that T-allele and T-containing genotypes (AT+TT) of IFN-γ (874A/T) and G-allele and GG genotype ofIL-6 (174G/C) polymorphisms are susceptible to AD in Saudis.On the other hand, the TGF-β1 (509C/T) polymorphism may not be associated with AD risk in Saudi population however further studies with large sample size are required to confirm these findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atopic%20dermatitis" title="atopic dermatitis">atopic dermatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon-%CE%B3" title=" interferon-γ"> interferon-γ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleukin-6" title=" interleukin-6"> interleukin-6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transforming%20growth%20factor-%CE%B21" title=" transforming growth factor-β1"> transforming growth factor-β1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymorphism" title=" polymorphism"> polymorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158922/genetics-of-atopic-dermatitis-role-of-cytokines-genes-polymorphisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8366</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romany%20Wagih%20Farag%20Zaky">Romany Wagih Farag Zaky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between development and human rights has long been the subject of academic debate. To understand the dynamics between these two concepts, various principles are adopted, from the right to development to development-based human rights. Despite the initiatives taken, the relationship between development and human rights remains unclear. However, the overlap between these two views and the idea that efforts should be made in the field of human rights have increased in recent years. It is then evaluated whether the right to sustainable development is acceptable or not. The article concludes that the principles of sustainable development are directly or indirectly recognized in various human rights instruments, which is a good answer to the question posed above. This book therefore cites regional and international human rights agreements such as , as well as the jurisprudence and interpretative guidelines of human rights institutions, to prove this hypothesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185111/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-human-rights-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8365</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Developments Obligations and Theories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seham%20Elia%20Moussa%20Shenouda">Seham Elia Moussa Shenouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between development and human rights has long been the subject of academic debate. To understand the dynamics between these two concepts, various principles are adopted, from the right to development to development-based human rights. Despite the initiatives taken, the relationship between development and human rights remains unclear. However, the overlap between these two views and the idea that efforts should be made in the field of human rights have increased in recent years. It is then evaluated whether the right to sustainable development is acceptable or not. The article concludes that the principles of sustainable development are directly or indirectly recognized in various human rights instruments, which is a good answer to the question posed above. This book therefore cites regional and international human rights agreements such as , as well as the jurisprudence and interpretative guidelines of human rights institutions, to prove this hypothesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187438/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-human-developments-obligations-and-theories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8364</span> The Association between IFNAR2 and Dpp9 Genes Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Frequency with COVID-19 Severity in Iranian Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sima%20Parvizi%20Omran">Sima Parvizi Omran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rezvan%20Tavakoli"> Rezvan Tavakoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahnaz%20Safari"> Mahnaz Safari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Aghasadeghi"> Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abolfazl%20Fateh"> Abolfazl Fateh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooneh%20Rahimi"> Pooneh Rahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA betacoronavirus causes the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several clinical and scientific concerns are raised by this pandemic. Genetic factors can contribute to pathogenesis and disease susceptibility. There are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in many of the genes in the immune system that affect the expression of specific genes or functions of some proteins related to immune responses against viral infections. In this study, we analyzed the impact of polymorphism in the interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2 (IFNAR2) and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (Dpp9) genes and clinical parameters on the susceptibility and resistance to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods: A total of 330- SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (188 survivors and 142 nonsurvivors) were included in this study. All single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on IFNAR2 (rs2236757) and Dpp9 (rs2109069) were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: In survivor patients, the frequency of the favourable genotypes of IFNAR2 SNP (rs2236757 GC) was significantly higher than in nonsurvivor patients, and also Dpp9 (rs2109069 AT) genotypes were associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the severity of COVID- 19 patients was strongly associated with clinical parameters and unfavourable IFNAR2, Dpp9 SNP genotypes. In order to establish the relationship between host genetic factors and the severity of COVID-19 infection, further studies are needed in multiple parts of the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon%20alpha%20and%20beta%20receptor%20subunit%202" title=" interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2"> interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dipeptidyl%20peptidase%209" title=" dipeptidyl peptidase 9"> dipeptidyl peptidase 9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-nucleotide%20polymorphisms" title=" single-nucleotide polymorphisms"> single-nucleotide polymorphisms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155792/the-association-between-ifnar2-and-dpp9-genes-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-frequency-with-covid-19-severity-in-iranian-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8363</span> Successful Treatment of Multifocal XDR Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20N.%20Alshukairi">Abeer N. Alshukairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20A.%20Alrajhi"> Abdulrahman A. Alrajhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulfattah%20W.%20Alamri"> Abdulfattah W. Alamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20F.%20Alothman"> Adel F. Alothman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We described the nosocomial transmission of a pre-XDR or an MDR case of pulmonary tuberculosis in a HIV negative health care worker in an area endemic for MDR & XDR tuberculosis. With inadequate therapy and non-compliance, his strain developed acquired resistance and he presented with extra-pulmonary XDR tuberculosis in the form of multi-focal osteomyelitis and encysted pleural effusion. He was cured after 2 years of therapy with various anti-tuberculous drugs in addition to interferon gamma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteomyelitis" title="osteomyelitis">osteomyelitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XDR%20tuberculosis" title=" XDR tuberculosis"> XDR tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successful%20treatment" title=" successful treatment"> successful treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23829/successful-treatment-of-multifocal-xdr-tuberculosis-osteomyelitis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8362</span> Studying the Anti-Cancer Effects of Thymoquinone on Tumor Cells Through Natural Killer Cells Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouf%20A.%20Aldarmahi">Nouf A. Aldarmahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesrin%20I.%20Tarbiah"> Nesrin I. Tarbiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuha%20A.%20Alkhattabi"> Nuha A. Alkhattabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huda%20F.%20Alshaibi"> Huda F. Alshaibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nigella sativa which is known as dark cumin is a well-known example for a widely applicable herbal medicine. Nigella sativa can be effective in a variety of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, bronchitis, gastrointestinal upset, and cancer. The anticancer effect of Nigella sativa appeared to be mediated by immune-modulatory effect through stimulating human natural killer (NK) cells. This is a type of lymphocytes which is part of the innate immunity, also known as the first line of defense in the body against pathogens. This study investigated the effect of thymoquinone as a major component of Nigella sativa on the molecular cytotoxic pathway of NK cell and the role of thymoquinone therapeutic effect on NK cells. NK cells were cultured with breast tumor cells in different ways and cultured media was collected and the concentration of perforin, granzyme B and interferon-α were measured by ELISA. The cytotoxic effect of NK cells on breast tumor cells was enhanced in the presence of thymoquinone, with increased activity of perforin in NK cells. This improved anticancer effect of thymoquinone on breast cancer cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20cells" title=" cancer cells"> cancer cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20killer%20cells" title=" natural killer cells"> natural killer cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thymoquinone" title=" thymoquinone"> thymoquinone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149104/studying-the-anti-cancer-effects-of-thymoquinone-on-tumor-cells-through-natural-killer-cells-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8361</span> Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme) on the Level of Ifn Γ (Interferon Gamma), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Caspase 3 Expression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chodidjah">Chodidjah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edi%20Dharmana"> Edi Dharmana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hardhono"> Hardhono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarjadi"> Sarjadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer treatment options including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have not been effective. Besides, they have side effects. Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme) has been shown to improve immune system, suppress tumor growth and induce apoptosis. One of the parameters for immune system, tumor growth and apoptosis is IFNγ (Interferon γ), VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and Caspase 3 respectively. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the administration of Keladi Tikus tuber extract at the dose of 200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/KgBW, and 800 mg/kgBW on the level of IFNγ, VEGF and caspase 3 expression. In this experimental study using post test randomized control group design, 24 CH3 mice with tumor were randomly divided into 4 groups including control group and treated groups: Treated with 0.2 cc extract of Keladi Tikus at the dose of 200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW, 800 mg/kgBW, respectively for 30 days. On day 31 the lymphatic tissue was taken and evaluated for its level of IFNγ, using ELISA. The tumor tissue was taken and subjected to immunohistochemistry staining for VEGF and caspase 3 expression evaluation. The data on IFNγ, VEGF and Caspase 3 expression were analyzed using One Way Anova with significant level of 0.05. One Way Anova resulted in p<0.05. LSD test showed that the level of IFNγ and Caspase 3 for control group was different from that of treated groups. There was no significant different between the treated group of 400 mg/KgBW and 800mg/KgBW. VEGF expressions for all the treated groups were significant. In conclusion, the oral administration of ethanolic extract of Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme) at the dose of 200mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW,800 mg/kgBW increases IFNγ, Caspase 3 and decreases VEGF expression in C3H mice with adenocarsinoma mamma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Typhonium%20flagelliforme" title="Typhonium flagelliforme">Typhonium flagelliforme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IFN%CE%B3" title=" IFNγ"> IFNγ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caspase%203" title=" caspase 3"> caspase 3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VEGF" title=" VEGF "> VEGF </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25601/effect-of-ethanolic-extract-of-keladi-tikus-typhonium-flagelliforme-on-the-level-of-ifn-g-interferon-gamma-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-vegf-and-caspase-3-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8360</span> Allergenic Potential of Airborne Algae Isolated from Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chu%20Wan-Loy">Chu Wan-Loy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kok%20Yih-Yih"> Kok Yih-Yih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choong%20Siew-Ling"> Choong Siew-Ling </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The human health risks due to poor air quality caused by a wide array of microorganisms have attracted much interest. Airborne algae have been reported as early as 19th century and they can be found in the air of tropic and warm atmospheres. Airborne algae normally originate from water surfaces, soil, trees, buildings and rock surfaces. It is estimated that at least 2880 algal cells are inhaled per day by human. However, there are relatively little data published on airborne algae and its related adverse health effects except sporadic reports of algae associated clinical allergenicity. A collection of airborne algae cultures has been established following a recent survey on the occurrence of airborne algae in indoor and outdoor environments in Kuala Lumpur. The aim of this study was to investigate the allergenic potential of the isolated airborne green and blue-green algae, namely Scenedesmus sp., Cylindrospermum sp. and Hapalosiphon sp.. The suspensions of freeze-dried airborne algae were adminstered into balb-c mice model through intra-nasal route to determine their allergenic potential. Results showed that Scenedesmus sp. (1 mg/mL) increased the systemic Ig E levels in mice by 3-8 fold compared to pre-treatment. On the other hand, Cylindrospermum sp. and Hapalosiphon sp. at similar concentration caused the Ig E to increase by 2-4 fold. The potential of airborne algae causing Ig E mediated type 1 hypersensitivity was elucidated using other immunological markers such as cytokine interleukin (IL)- 4, 5, 6 and interferon-ɣ. When we compared the amount of interleukins in mouse serum between day 0 and day 53 (day of sacrifice), Hapalosiphon sp. (1mg/mL) increased the expression of IL4 and 6 by 8 fold while the Cylindrospermum sp. (1mg/mL) increased the expression of IL4 and IFɣ by 8 and 2 fold respectively. In conclusion, repeated exposure to the three selected airborne algae may stimulate the immune response and generate Ig E in a mouse model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airborne%20algae" title="airborne algae">airborne algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory" title=" respiratory"> respiratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allergenic" title=" allergenic"> allergenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20response" title=" immune response"> immune response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41701/allergenic-potential-of-airborne-algae-isolated-from-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8359</span> Technology Impact on the Challenge between Human Rights and Cyber Terrorism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abanoub%20Zare%20Zakaria%20Herzalla">Abanoub Zare Zakaria Herzalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The link between terrorism and human rights has become a major challenge in the fight against terrorism around the world. This is based on the fact that terrorism and human rights are so closely linked that when the former starts, the latter are violated. This direct connection was recognized in the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna on June 25, 1993, which recognizes that acts of terrorism in all their forms and manifestations aim to destroy the human rights of people. Terrorism therefore represents an attack on our most basic human rights. To this end, the first part of this article focuses on the connections between terrorism and human rights and seeks to highlight the interdependence between these two concepts. The second part discusses the emerging concept of cyberterrorism and its manifestations. An analysis of the fight against cyberterrorism in the context of human rights is also carried out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security." title=" security."> security.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186036/technology-impact-on-the-challenge-between-human-rights-and-cyber-terrorism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8358</span> Human Rights Impact on Citizens Evolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Marzouk%20Gerais%20Abdelmalak">Joseph Marzouk Gerais Abdelmalak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The interface between development and human rights has long been the subject of academic debate. Therefore, to understand the dynamics between the two concepts, a number of principles have been adopted, ranging from the right to development to a human rights-based approach to development. Despite these attempts, the exact connection between development and human rights is not yet fully understood. However, the inherent interdependence between these two concepts and the idea that development efforts should be undertaken with respect for human rights guarantees have gained momentum in recent years. It will then be examined whether the right to sustainable development is recognized.The article therefore concludes that the principles of sustainable development are recognized, directly or indirectly, in various human rights instruments, which represents a positive answer to the question posed above. Therefore, this work discusses international and regional human rights instruments as well as case law and interpretative guidelines from human rights bodies to demonstrate this hypothesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182476/human-rights-impact-on-citizens-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8357</span> An Interaction between Human and Animal through the Death Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mindaugas%20Kazlauskas">Mindaugas Kazlauskas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, it is presupposed that the description of the relationship between animal and human should begin with a description of the direct experience of the animal and how, in this experience, the human experiences itself (a self awareness mode). A human is concerned first and foremost with himself as a human through the experience of another as an animal. The questionsare: In the encounter with an animal, how is the animal constituted in the acts of human experience? How does human-animal interaction influence human behavioral patterns, and how does the human identifies itself in this interaction? The paper will present the results of interpretative phenomenological descriptions (IPA) of the relationship between human and animal in the face of death phenomenon through the experience of pet owners who lost their beloved companions and hunters, veterinatians, and farmers who face animal death. The results of IPA analysis reveal different relations such as the identification with an animal, the alienation experience, the experience of resistance, and an experience of detachment. Within these themes, IPA qualitative research results will be presented by highlighting patterns of human behavior, following Friedrich Schlachermacher's hermeneutics methodological principles, and reflecting on changes in value and attitude within society during daily interaction with the animal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20human%20interaction" title="animal human interaction">animal human interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenomenology" title=" phenomenology"> phenomenology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy" title=" philosophy"> philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=death%20phenomenon" title=" death phenomenon"> death phenomenon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150335/an-interaction-between-human-and-animal-through-the-death-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8356</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights Legislations and Evolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shenouda%20Farag%20Aziz%20Ibrahim">Shenouda Farag Aziz Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between terrorism and human rights has become an important issue in the fight against terrorism worldwide. This is based on the fact that terrorism and human rights are closely linked, so that when the former begins, the latter suffers. This direct link was recognized in the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action adopted by the International Conference on Human Rights held in Vienna on 25 June 1993, which recognized that terrorist acts aim to violate human rights in all their forms and manifestations. . Therefore, terrorism represents an attack on fundamental human rights. For this purpose, the first part of this article focuses on the relationship between terrorism and human rights and aims to show the relationship between these two concepts. In the second part, the concept of cyber threat and its manifestations are discussed. An analysis of the fight against terrorism in the context of human rights was also made.. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security." title=" security."> security.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186496/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-human-rights-legislations-and-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20interferon%20alpha-2b&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20interferon%20alpha-2b&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20interferon%20alpha-2b&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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