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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Methyl_cation,_anion,_and_radical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methyl_cation,_anion,_and_radical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Methyl cation, anion, and radical</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Methyl_cation,_anion,_and_radical-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Methyl cation, anion, and radical subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Methyl_cation,_anion,_and_radical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Methyl_cation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methyl_cation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Methyl cation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methyl_cation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methyl_anion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methyl_anion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Methyl anion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methyl_anion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methyl_radical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methyl_radical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Methyl radical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methyl_radical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reactivity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactivity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reactivity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reactivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oxidation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxidation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Oxidation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxidation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methylation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methylation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Methylation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methylation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deprotonation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deprotonation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Deprotonation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deprotonation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_radical_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_radical_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Free radical reactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_radical_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chiral_methyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chiral_methyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chiral methyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chiral_methyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rotation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Methyl group</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%84" title="مجموعة ميثيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة ميثيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil" title="Metil – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Metil" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2" title="মিথাইল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিথাইল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil_grupa" title="Metil grupa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Metil grupa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil" title="Metil – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl" title="Methyl – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Methyl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl" title="Methyl – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Methyl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylgruppe" title="Methylgruppe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Methylgruppe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C3%BC%C3%BClr%C3%BChm" title="Metüülrühm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metüülrühm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Μεθυλομάδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεθυλομάδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metilo" title="Metilo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metilo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metila_grupo" title="Metila grupo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metila grupo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metilo" title="Metilo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metilo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84" title="گروه متیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه متیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9thyle" title="Méthyle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Méthyle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metilo" title="Metilo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metilo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%8B%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="메틸기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메틸기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil" title="Metil – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Metil" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metilo" title="Metilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Metilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gugus_metil" title="Gugus metil – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gugus metil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metile" title="Metile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9C" title="קבוצת מתיל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבוצת מתיל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Метил – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Метил" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Метил група – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Метил група" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylgroep" title="Methylgroep – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Methylgroep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%81%E3%83%AB%E5%9F%BA" title="メチル基 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メチル基" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metyl" title="Metyl – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Metyl" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil" title="Metil – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metil" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil_guruhi" title="Metil guruhi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Metil guruhi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil" title="Metil – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil" title="Metil – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metil" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Метил – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Метил" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl" title="Methyl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Methyl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metylov%C3%A1_skupina" title="Metylová skupina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Metylová skupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil_grupa" title="Metil grupa – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Metil grupa" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil_grupa" title="Metil grupa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metil grupa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metyyli" title="Metyyli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metyyli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metylgrupp" title="Metylgrupp – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metylgrupp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metil_grubu" title="Metil grubu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metil grubu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Метильна група – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Метильна група" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_methyl" title="Nhóm methyl – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm methyl" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA" title="甲基 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="甲基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4407#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_group" title="Ethyl group">Ethyl group</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical group (–CH₃) derived from methane</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Methyl_Group_General_Formulae_V.1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Methyl_Group_General_Formulae_V.1.png/110px-Methyl_Group_General_Formulae_V.1.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Methyl_Group_General_Formulae_V.1.png/165px-Methyl_Group_General_Formulae_V.1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Methyl_Group_General_Formulae_V.1.png/220px-Methyl_Group_General_Formulae_V.1.png 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="3723" /></a><figcaption>Different ways of representing a methyl group (highlighted in <span style="color:blue;"><b>blue</b></span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemistry</a>, a <b>methyl group</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Alkyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkyl">alkyl</a> derived from <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>, containing one <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> atom <a href="/wiki/Chemical_bond" title="Chemical bond">bonded</a> to three <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> atoms, having chemical formula <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span> (whereas normal methane has the formula <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span>). In <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">formulas</a>, the group is often <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_formula#Pseudoelement_symbols" title="Skeletal formula">abbreviated</a> as <b>Me</b>. This <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> group occurs in many <a href="/wiki/Organic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic compounds">organic compounds</a>. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecule</a>, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">−CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span>), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span>), methylium <a href="/wiki/Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cation</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>+</span><span>3</span></span></span>) or methyl <a href="/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)" title="Radical (chemistry)">radical</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">CH<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">•</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>). The anion has eight <a href="/wiki/Valence_electron" title="Valence electron">valence electrons</a>, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methyl_cation,_anion,_and_radical"><span id="Methyl_cation.2C_anion.2C_and_radical"></span>Methyl cation, anion, and radical</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Methyl cation, anion, and radical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methyl_cation">Methyl cation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Methyl cation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Methenium" title="Methenium">Methenium</a></div> <p>The methylium cation (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>+</span><span>3</span></span></span>) exists in the <a href="/wiki/Gas_phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas phase">gas phase</a>, but is otherwise not encountered. Some compounds are considered to be sources of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>+</span><span>3</span></span></span> cation, and this simplification is used pervasively in organic chemistry. For example, <a href="/wiki/Protonation" title="Protonation">protonation</a> of methanol gives an electrophilic methylating reagent that reacts by the S<sub>N</sub>2 pathway: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>OH + H<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup> → [CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>OH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>]<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span></dd></dl> <p>Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Methyl_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl iodide">methyl iodide</a> and methyl <a href="/wiki/Triflate" title="Triflate">triflate</a> are viewed as the equivalent of the methyl cation because they readily undergo S<sub>N</sub>2 reactions by weak <a href="/wiki/Nucleophile" title="Nucleophile">nucleophiles</a>. </p><p>The methyl cation has been detected in <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstellar space">interstellar space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MSH-20230627_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSH-20230627-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAT-20230626_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAT-20230626-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methyl_anion">Methyl anion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Methyl anion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The methanide anion (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span>) exists only in rarefied gas phase or under exotic conditions. It can be produced by electrical discharge in <a href="/wiki/Ketene" title="Ketene">ketene</a> at low pressure (less than one <a href="/wiki/Torr" title="Torr">torr</a>) and its <a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Enthalpy of reaction">enthalpy of reaction</a> is determined to be about 252.2 ± 3.3 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mol (unit)">mol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellison78_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellison78-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a powerful <a href="/wiki/Superbase" title="Superbase">superbase</a>; only the <a href="/wiki/Lithium_monoxide_anion" title="Lithium monoxide anion">lithium monoxide anion</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">LiO<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span>) and the <a href="/wiki/Diethynylbenzene_dianion" title="Diethynylbenzene dianion">diethynylbenzene dianions</a> are known to be stronger.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In discussing mechanisms of organic reactions, <a href="/wiki/Methyl_lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl lithium">methyl lithium</a> and related <a href="/wiki/Grignard_reagents" class="mw-redirect" title="Grignard reagents">Grignard reagents</a> are often considered to be salts of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span>; and though the model may be useful for description and analysis, it is only a useful fiction. Such reagents are generally prepared from the <a href="/wiki/Methyl_halide" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl halide">methyl halides</a>: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">2 M + CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>X → MCH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub> + MX</span></dd></dl> <p>where M is an <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methyl_radical">Methyl radical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Methyl radical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Methyl_radical" title="Methyl radical">Methyl radical</a></div> <p>The methyl <a href="/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)" title="Radical (chemistry)">radical</a> has the formula <span class="chemf nowrap">CH<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">•</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>. It exists in dilute gases, but in more concentrated form it readily <a href="/wiki/Dimer_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimer (chemistry)">dimerizes</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a>. It is routinely produced by various enzymes of the <a href="/wiki/Radical_SAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical SAM">radical SAM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methylcobalamin" title="Methylcobalamin">methylcobalamin</a> varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactivity">Reactivity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reactivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reactivity of a methyl group depends on the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Substituent" title="Substituent">substituents</a>. Methyl groups can be quite unreactive. For example, in organic compounds, the methyl group resists attack by even the strongest <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acids</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxidation">Oxidation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Oxidation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidation</a> of a methyl group occurs widely in nature and industry. The oxidation products derived from methyl are <a href="/wiki/Hydroxymethyl_group" title="Hydroxymethyl group">hydroxymethyl group</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">−CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>OH</span>, <a href="/wiki/Formyl_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Formyl group">formyl group</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">−CHO</span>, and <a href="/wiki/Carboxyl_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboxyl group">carboxyl group</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">−COOH</span>. For example, <a href="/wiki/Permanganate" title="Permanganate">permanganate</a> often converts a methyl group to a carboxyl (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">−COOH</span>) group, e.g. the conversion of <a href="/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene">toluene</a> to <a href="/wiki/Benzoic_acid" title="Benzoic acid">benzoic acid</a>. Ultimately oxidation of methyl groups gives <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, as seen in combustion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methylation">Methylation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Methylation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Methylation" title="Methylation">Methylation</a></div> <p>Demethylation (the transfer of the methyl group to another compound) is a common process, and <a href="/wiki/Reagent" title="Reagent">reagents</a> that undergo this reaction are called methylating agents. Common methylating agents are <a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfate" title="Dimethyl sulfate">dimethyl sulfate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methyl_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl iodide">methyl iodide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Methyl_triflate" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl triflate">methyl triflate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Methanogenesis" title="Methanogenesis">Methanogenesis</a>, the source of natural gas, arises via a demethylation reaction.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with ubiquitin and phosphorylation, methylation is a major biochemical process for modifying protein function.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The field of <a href="/wiki/Epigenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Epigenetic">epigenetics</a> focuses on the influence of methylation on gene expression.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deprotonation">Deprotonation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deprotonation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain methyl groups can be deprotonated. For example, the acidity of the methyl groups in <a href="/wiki/Acetone" title="Acetone">acetone</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CO</span>) is about 10<sup>20</sup> times more acidic than methane. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Carbanion" title="Carbanion">carbanions</a> are key intermediates in many reactions in <a href="/wiki/Organic_synthesis" title="Organic synthesis">organic synthesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biosynthesis" title="Biosynthesis">biosynthesis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">Fatty acids</a> are produced in this way. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_radical_reactions">Free radical reactions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Free radical reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When placed in <a href="/wiki/Benzylic" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzylic">benzylic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Allylic" class="mw-redirect" title="Allylic">allylic</a> positions, the strength of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">C−H</span> bond is decreased, and the reactivity of the methyl group increases. One manifestation of this enhanced reactivity is the <a href="/wiki/Photochemistry" title="Photochemistry">photochemical</a> <a href="/wiki/Halogenation" title="Halogenation">chlorination</a> of the methyl group in <a href="/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene">toluene</a> to give <a href="/wiki/Benzyl_chloride" title="Benzyl chloride">benzyl chloride</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chiral_methyl">Chiral methyl</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chiral methyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the special case where one hydrogen is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> (D) and another hydrogen by <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a> (T), the methyl substituent becomes <a href="/wiki/Chiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiral">chiral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Methods exist to produce optically pure methyl compounds, e.g., chiral <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> (deuterotritoacetic acid <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CHDTCO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>H</span>). Through the use of chiral methyl groups, the <a href="/wiki/Stereochemistry" title="Stereochemistry">stereochemical</a> course of several <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemical</a> transformations have been analyzed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rotation">Rotation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rotation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rotamer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotamer">Rotamer</a></div> <p>A methyl group may rotate around the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">R−C</span> axis. This is a free rotation only in the simplest cases like gaseous <a href="/wiki/Methyl_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl chloride">methyl chloride</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Cl</span>. In most molecules, the remainder R breaks the <i>C</i><sub>∞</sub> symmetry of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">R−C</span> axis and creates a potential <i>V</i>(<i>φ</i>) that restricts the free motion of the three protons. For the model case of <a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span>, this is discussed under the name <a href="/wiki/Ethane_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethane barrier">ethane barrier</a>. In condensed phases, neighbour molecules also contribute to the potential. Methyl group rotation can be experimentally studied using <a href="/wiki/Quasielastic_neutron_scattering" title="Quasielastic neutron scattering">quasielastic neutron scattering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French chemists <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Dumas" title="Jean-Baptiste Dumas">Jean-Baptiste Dumas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Peligot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Peligot">Eugene Peligot</a>, after determining methanol's chemical structure, introduced "<a href="/wiki/Methylene_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Methylene (disambiguation)">methylene</a>" from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%B8%CF%85#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:μέθυ">μέθυ</a></span> (<i>methy</i>) "wine" and <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%95%CE%BB%CE%B7#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ὕλη">ὕλη</a></span> (<i>hȳlē</i>) "wood, patch of trees" with the intention of highlighting its origins, "alcohol made from wood (substance)".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "methyl" was derived in about 1840 by <a href="/wiki/Back-formation" title="Back-formation">back-formation</a> from "methylene", and was then applied to describe "methyl alcohol" (which since 1892 is called "<a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>"). </p><p><i>Methyl</i> is the <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry">IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry</a> term for an <a href="/wiki/Alkane" title="Alkane">alkane</a> (or alkyl) molecule, using the prefix "meth-" to indicate the presence of a single carbon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdoMet" class="mw-redirect" title="AdoMet">AdoMet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylation" title="Methylation">Methylation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_group&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarch1992" class="citation book cs1">March, Jerry (1992). <i>Advanced organic chemistry: reactions, mechanisms, and structure</i>. 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K., "Biochemistry of Methanogenesis: a Tribute to Marjory Stephenson", Microbiology, 1998, volume 144, pages 2377–2406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2018" class="citation journal cs1">Clarke, Steven G. 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Rossberg et al. “Chlorinated Hydrocarbons” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a06_233.pub2">10.1002/14356007.a06_233.pub2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100714113055/http://www2.lsdiv.harvard.edu/labs/evans/pdf/smnr_2000-2001_Burch_Jason.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lsdiv.harvard.edu/labs/evans/pdf/smnr_2000-2001_Burch_Jason.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.lsdiv.harvard.edu%2Flabs%2Fevans%2Fpdf%2Fsmnr_2000-2001_Burch_Jason.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMethyl+group" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinz G. Floss, Sungsook Lee "Chiral methyl groups: small is beautiful" Acc. Chem. Res., 1993, volume 26, pp 116–122. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Far00027a007">10.1021/ar00027a007</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Press,W: Single-particle rotation in molecular crystals (Springer tracts in modern physics 92), Springer: Berlin (1981).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Dumas and E. Péligot (1835) "Mémoire sur l'espirit de bois et sur les divers composés ethérés qui en proviennent" (Memoir on spirit of wood and on the various ethereal compounds that derive therefrom), <i>Annales de chimie et de physique</i>, <b>58</b> : 5-74; from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=94c5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA9">page 9</a>: <i>Nous donnerons le nom de méthylène (1) à un radical … (1) μεθυ, vin, et υλη, bois; c'est-à-dire vin ou liqueur spiritueuse du bois.</i> (We will give the name "methylene" (1) to a radical … (1) methy, wine, and hulē, wood; that is, wine or spirit of wood.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note that the correct Greek word for the substance "wood" is <i>xylo-</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Functional_group" title="Functional group">Functional groups</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">Hydrocarbons</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(only C and H)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkyl">Alkyl</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_group" title="Ethyl group">Ethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyl_group" title="Propyl group">Propyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopropyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopropyl">Cyclopropyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyl_group" title="Butyl group">Butyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentyl_group" title="Pentyl group">Pentyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_group" title="Methylene group">Methylene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_bridge" title="Methylene bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methine_group" title="Methine group">Methine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkene" title="Alkene">Alkene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_group" title="Vinyl group">Vinyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_group" title="Allyl group">Allyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propenyl" title="Propenyl">1-Propenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotyl_group" title="Crotyl group">Crotyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenes" title="Allenes">Allene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumulene" title="Cumulene">Cumulene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryl" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryl">Aryl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phenyl_group" title="Phenyl group">Phenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzyl_group" title="Benzyl group">Benzyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkyne" title="Alkyne">Alkyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbene" title="Carbene">Carbene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Only <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <br />and <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(only C, H and O)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R-O-R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetal" title="Acetal">Acetal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)" title="Alcohol (chemistry)">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkoxy_group" title="Alkoxy group">Alkoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_group" title="Methoxy group">Methoxy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ether" title="Ether">Ether</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enol_ether" title="Enol ether">Enol ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxide" title="Epoxide">Epoxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_peroxides" title="Organic peroxides">Peroxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydroperoxide" title="Hydroperoxide">Hydroperoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxirane" title="Dioxirane">Dioxiranes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylenedioxy" title="Ethylenedioxy">Ethylenedioxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxy" title="Methylenedioxy">Methylenedioxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carbonyl_group" title="Carbonyl group">carbonyl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acyl_group" title="Acyl group">Acyl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetyl_group" title="Acetyl group">Acetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acryloyl_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Acryloyl group">Acryloyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoyl_group" title="Benzoyl group">Benzoyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldehyde" title="Aldehyde">Aldehyde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketene" title="Ketene">Ketene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketone" title="Ketone">Ketone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ynone" title="Ynone">Ynone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reductone" title="Reductone">Reductone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">carboxy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_acid" title="Carboxylic acid">Carboxyl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetoxy_group" title="Acetoxy group">Acetoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_anhydride" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboxylic anhydride">Anhydride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">Ester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthoester" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthoester">Orthoester</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Only one <br />element, <br />not being <br />carbon, <br />hydrogen, <br />or oxygen <br /><span class="nobold">(one element, <br />not C, H or O)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">Amine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enamine" title="Enamine">Enamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaternary_ammonium_cation" title="Quaternary ammonium cation">Ammonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazines" title="Hydrazines">Hydrazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrene" title="Nitrene">Nitrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imine" title="Imine">Imine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxime" title="Oxime">Oxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazone" title="Hydrazone">Hydrazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azo_compound" title="Azo compound">Azo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amide_(functional_group)" title="Amide (functional group)">Amide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidate" class="mw-redirect" title="Imidate">Imidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidine" title="Amidine">Amidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">Carbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imide" title="Imide">Imide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrile" title="Nitrile">Nitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanide" title="Isocyanide">Isonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanate_ester" title="Cyanate ester">Cyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanate" title="Isocyanate">Isocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_ester" title="Nitrate ester">Nitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrite_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrite ester">Nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound">Nitro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso">Nitroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NONOate" title="NONOate">NONOate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organophosphate" title="Organophosphate">Phosphate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphodiester" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphodiester">Phosphodiester</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphonate" title="Phosphonate">Phosphonate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphite_ester" title="Phosphite ester">Phosphite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphonite" title="Phosphonite">Phosphonous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphinate" title="Phosphinate">Phosphinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphine_oxide" title="Phosphine oxide">Phosphine oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organophosphine" title="Organophosphine">Phosphine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphonium" title="Phosphonium">Phosphonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphaalkene" title="Phosphaalkene">Phosphaalkene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphaalkyne" title="Phosphaalkyne">Phosphaalkyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Phosphaallenes" title="1-Phosphaallenes">Phosphaallene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiol" title="Thiol">Thiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfide_(organic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfide (organic)">Sulfide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonium" title="Sulfonium">Sulfonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persulfide" title="Persulfide">Persulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfide" title="Disulfide">Disulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfenic_acid" title="Sulfenic acid">Sulfenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiosulfinate" title="Thiosulfinate">Thiosulfinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfoxide" title="Sulfoxide">Sulfoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiosulfonate" title="Thiosulfonate">Thiosulfonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfinic_acid" title="Sulfinic acid">Sulfinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfone" title="Sulfone">Sulfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid" title="Sulfonic acid">Sulfonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioketone" title="Thioketone">Thioketone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thial" title="Thial">Thial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioester" title="Thioester">Thioester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thionoester" class="mw-redirect" title="Thionoester">Thionoester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioxanthate" title="Thioxanthate">Thioxanthate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthate" title="Xanthate">Xanthate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boronic_acid" title="Boronic acid">Boronic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borinic_acid" title="Borinic acid">Borinic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selenol" title="Selenol">Selenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenonic_acid" title="Selenonic acid">Selenonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleninic_acid" title="Seleninic acid">Seleninic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenenic_acid" title="Selenenic acid">Selenenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selone" title="Selone">Selone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tellurol" title="Tellurol">Tellurol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluroketone" title="Telluroketone">Telluroketone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Halocarbon" title="Halocarbon">Halo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haloalkane" title="Haloalkane">Haloalkane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroethyl" title="Fluoroethyl">Fluoroethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoromethyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Trifluoromethyl">Trifluoromethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichloromethyl_group" title="Trichloromethyl group">Trichloromethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoromethoxy_group" title="Trifluoromethoxy group">Trifluoromethoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodane" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodane">Hypervalent iodine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_halide" title="Vinyl halide">Vinyl halide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_iodide_functional_group" title="Vinyl iodide functional group">Iodide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acyl_halide" title="Acyl halide">Acyl halide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acyl_chloride" title="Acyl chloride">Chloride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchlorate_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Perchlorate ester">Perchlorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isothiocyanate" title="Isothiocyanate">Isothiocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphoramides" title="Phosphoramides">Phosphoramides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfenyl_chloride" title="Sulfenyl chloride">Sulfenyl chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide" title="Sulfonamide">Sulfonamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_thiocyanates" title="Organic thiocyanates">Thiocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfinylamine" title="Sulfinylamine">Sulfinylamines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical classification">chemical classification</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">chemical nomenclature</a></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_inorganic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry">inorganic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry">organic</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Molecules_detected_in_outer_space" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Molecules_detected_in_outer_space" title="Template:Molecules detected in outer space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Molecules_detected_in_outer_space" title="Template talk:Molecules detected in outer space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Molecules_detected_in_outer_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Molecules detected in outer space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Molecules_detected_in_outer_space" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Molecules detected in outer space</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">Molecules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diatomic_molecule" title="Diatomic molecule">Diatomic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_monochloride" title="Aluminium monochloride">Aluminium monochloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_monofluoride" title="Aluminium monofluoride">Aluminium monofluoride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium(II)_oxide" title="Aluminium(II) oxide">Aluminium(II) oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonium" title="Argonium">Argonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon cation">Carbon cation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monophosphide" title="Carbon monophosphide">Carbon monophosphide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monosulfide" title="Carbon monosulfide">Carbon monosulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">Carbon monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyano_radical" title="Cyano radical">Cyano radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatomic_carbon" title="Diatomic carbon">Diatomic carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoromethylidynium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluoromethylidynium (page does not exist)">Fluoromethylidynium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_hydride_ion" title="Helium hydride ion">Helium hydride ion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">Hydrogen chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">Hydrogen fluoride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> (molecular)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl_radical" title="Hydroxyl radical">Hydroxyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_oxide" title="Iron(II) oxide">Iron(II) oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_monohydride" title="Magnesium monohydride">Magnesium monohydride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylidyne_radical" title="Methylidyne radical">Methylidyne radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> (molecular)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidogen" title="Imidogen">Imidogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_mononitride" title="Sulfur mononitride">Sulfur mononitride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> (molecular)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_monoxide" title="Phosphorus monoxide">Phosphorus monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_mononitride" title="Phosphorus mononitride">Phosphorus mononitride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chloride" title="Potassium chloride">Potassium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_carbide" title="Silicon carbide">Silicon carbide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_monoxide" title="Silicon monoxide">Silicon monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_monosulfide" title="Silicon monosulfide">Silicon monosulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">Sodium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">Sodium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfanyl" title="Sulfanyl">Sulfanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_monoxide" title="Sulfur monoxide">Sulfur monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium(II)_oxide" title="Titanium(II) oxide">Titanium(II) oxide</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png/60px-Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png/90px-Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png/120px-Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="441" /></a></span> <br /><br /><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ethanol-3D-balls.png/60px-Ethanol-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ethanol-3D-balls.png/90px-Ethanol-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ethanol-3D-balls.png/120px-Ethanol-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="754" /></a></span> <br /><br /><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene" title="Buckminsterfullerene"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Buckminsterfullerene-perspective-3D-balls.png/60px-Buckminsterfullerene-perspective-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Buckminsterfullerene-perspective-3D-balls.png/90px-Buckminsterfullerene-perspective-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Buckminsterfullerene-perspective-3D-balls.png/120px-Buckminsterfullerene-perspective-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triatomic_molecule" title="Triatomic molecule">Triatomic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium(I)_hydroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminium(I) hydroxide">Aluminium(I) hydroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_isocyanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminium isocyanide (page does not exist)">Aluminium isocyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amino_radical" title="Amino radical">Amino radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">Carbon dioxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonyl_sulfide" title="Carbonyl sulfide">Carbonyl sulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCP_radical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCP radical (page does not exist)">CCP radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halonium_ion" title="Halonium ion">Chloronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazenylium" title="Diazenylium">Diazenylium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicarbon_monoxide" title="Dicarbon monoxide">Dicarbon monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disilicon_carbide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disilicon carbide (page does not exist)">Disilicon carbide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethynyl_radical" title="Ethynyl radical">Ethynyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formyl_radical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formyl radical (page does not exist)">Formyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">Hydrogen cyanide</a> (HCN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_isocyanide" title="Hydrogen isocyanide">Hydrogen isocyanide</a> (HNC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">Hydrogen sulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroperoxyl" title="Hydroperoxyl">Hydroperoxyl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_cyanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iron cyanide (page does not exist)">Iron cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoformyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoformyl (page does not exist)">Isoformyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_cyanide" title="Magnesium cyanide">Magnesium cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnesium_isocyanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnesium isocyanide (page does not exist)">Magnesium isocyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_(compound)" title="Methylene (compound)">Methylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazenylium" title="Diazenylium">N<sub>2</sub>H<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">Nitroxyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">Ozone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylidynephosphane" title="Methylidynephosphane">Methylidynephosphane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_cyanide" title="Potassium cyanide">Potassium cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihydrogen_cation" title="Trihydrogen cation">Trihydrogen cation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_cyanide" title="Sodium cyanide">Sodium cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">Sodium hydroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_carbonitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicon carbonitride (page does not exist)">Silicon carbonitride</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C-Silicon_dicarbide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C-Silicon dicarbide (page does not exist)">c-Silicon dicarbide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SiNC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SiNC (page does not exist)">SiNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">Sulfur dioxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thioformyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thioformyl (page does not exist)">Thioformyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioxoethenylidene" title="Thioxoethenylidene">Thioxoethenylidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_dioxide" title="Titanium dioxide">Titanium dioxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricarbon" title="Tricarbon">Tricarbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Four<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetylene" title="Acetylene">Acetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">Ammonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanic_acid" title="Isocyanic acid">Isocyanic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Cyanoethynyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_formaldehyde" title="Interstellar formaldehyde">Formaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulminic_acid" title="Fulminic acid">Fulminic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HCCN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HCCN (page does not exist)">HCCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydromagnesium_isocyanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydromagnesium isocyanide (page does not exist)">Hydromagnesium isocyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanic_acid" title="Isocyanic acid">Isocyanic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocyanic_acid" title="Thiocyanic acid">Isothiocyanic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketenyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketenyl (page does not exist)">Ketenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylene_amidogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylene amidogen (page does not exist)">Methylene amidogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl cation">Methyl cation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_radical" title="Methyl radical">Methyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propynylidyne" title="Propynylidyne">Propynylidyne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protonated_carbon_dioxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protonated carbon dioxide (page does not exist)">Protonated carbon dioxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protonated_hydrogen_cyanide" title="Protonated hydrogen cyanide">Protonated hydrogen cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_tricarbide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicon tricarbide (page does not exist)">Silicon tricarbide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioformaldehyde" title="Thioformaldehyde">Thioformaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricarbon_monoxide" title="Tricarbon monoxide">Tricarbon monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricarbon_monosulfide" title="Tricarbon monosulfide">Tricarbon monosulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocyanic_acid" title="Thiocyanic acid">Thiocyanic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Five<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium" title="Ammonium">Ammonium</a> ion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Butadiynyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbodiimide" title="Carbodiimide">Carbodiimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">Cyanamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanoacetylene" title="Cyanoacetylene">Cyanoacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanoformaldehyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanoformaldehyde (page does not exist)">Cyanoformaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanomethyl" title="Cyanomethyl">Cyanomethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopropenylidene" title="Cyclopropenylidene">Cyclopropenylidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formic_acid" title="Formic acid">Formic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isocyanoacetylene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isocyanoacetylene (page does not exist)">Isocyanoacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketene" title="Ketene">Ketene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">Methane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Methoxy">Methoxy radical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylenimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylenimine (page does not exist)">Methylenimine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propadienylidene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propadienylidene (page does not exist)">Propadienylidene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protonated_formaldehyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protonated formaldehyde (page does not exist)">Protonated formaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silane" title="Silane">Silane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon-carbide_cluster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicon-carbide cluster (page does not exist)">Silicon-carbide cluster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Six<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetonitrile" title="Acetonitrile">Acetonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanobutadiynyl_radical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanobutadiynyl radical (page does not exist)">Cyanobutadiynyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E-Cyanomethanimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E-Cyanomethanimine (page does not exist)">E-Cyanomethanimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopropenone" title="Cyclopropenone">Cyclopropenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacetylene" title="Diacetylene">Diacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">Ethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formamide" title="Formamide">Formamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HC4N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HC4N (page does not exist)">HC<sub>4</sub>N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketenimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketenimine">Ketenimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanethiol" title="Methanethiol">Methanethiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">Methanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_isocyanide" title="Methyl isocyanide">Methyl isocyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Pentynylidyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propynal" class="mw-redirect" title="Propynal">Propynal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protonated_cyanoacetylene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protonated cyanoacetylene (page does not exist)">Protonated cyanoacetylene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Seven<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">Acetaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrylonitrile" title="Acrylonitrile">Acrylonitrile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_cyanide" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl cyanide">Vinyl cyanide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Cyanodiacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene_oxide" title="Ethylene oxide">Ethylene oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycolonitrile" title="Glycolonitrile">Glycolonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexatriynyl_radical" title="Hexatriynyl radical">Hexatriynyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyne" title="Propyne">Propyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylamine" title="Methylamine">Methylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_isocyanate" title="Methyl isocyanate">Methyl isocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_alcohol" title="Vinyl alcohol">Vinyl alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Eight<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">Acetic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoacetonitrile" title="Aminoacetonitrile">Aminoacetonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanoallene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanoallene (page does not exist)">Cyanoallene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanimine" title="Ethanimine">Ethanimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycolaldehyde" title="Glycolaldehyde">Glycolaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Hexapentaenylidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Methylcyanoacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_formate" title="Methyl formate">Methyl formate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrolein" title="Acrolein">Acrolein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Nine<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetamide" title="Acetamide">Acetamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Cyanohexatriyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_ether" title="Dimethyl ether">Dimethyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Methyldiacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octatetraynyl_radical" title="Octatetraynyl radical">Octatetraynyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propene" class="mw-redirect" title="Propene">Propene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanethiol" title="Ethanethiol">Ethanethiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propionitrile" title="Propionitrile">Propionitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methylformamide" title="N-Methylformamide">N-Methylformamide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Ten<br />atoms<br />or more</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetone" title="Acetone">Acetone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">Benzene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzonitrile" title="Benzonitrile">Benzonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene" title="Buckminsterfullerene">Buckminsterfullerene</a> (C<sub>60</sub>, C<sub>60</sub><sup>+</sup>, fullerene, buckyball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C70_fullerene" title="C70 fullerene">C<sub>70</sub> fullerene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Cyanodecapentayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol" title="Ethylene glycol">Ethylene glycol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_formate" title="Ethyl formate">Ethyl formate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_acetate" title="Methyl acetate">Methyl acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Methyl-cyano-diacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Methyltriacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propionaldehyde" title="Propionaldehyde">Propionaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyronitrile" title="Butyronitrile">Butyronitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrimidine" title="Pyrimidine">Pyrimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heptatrienyl_radical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptatrienyl radical (page does not exist)">Heptatrienyl radical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">Deuterated</a><br />molecules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">Ammonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium" title="Ammonium">Ammonium</a> ion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">Formaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_formaldehyde#Interstellar_reactions" title="Interstellar formaldehyde">Formyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_water" title="Heavy water">Heavy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">Hydrogen cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_deuteride" title="Hydrogen deuteride">Hydrogen deuteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_isocyanide" title="Hydrogen isocyanide">Hydrogen isocyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyne" title="Propyne">Propyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazenylium" title="Diazenylium">N<sub>2</sub>D<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihydrogen_cation" title="Trihydrogen cation">Trihydrogen cation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Unconfirmed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthracene" title="Anthracene">Anthracene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroxyacetone" title="Dihydroxyacetone">Dihydroxyacetone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxyethane" title="Methoxyethane">Methoxyethane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">Glycine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphene" title="Graphene">Graphene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemolithin" title="Hemolithin">Hemolithin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H2NCO%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H2NCO+ (page does not exist)">H<sub>2</sub>NCO<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Linear C<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphthalene" title="Naphthalene">Naphthalene cation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphine" title="Phosphine">Phosphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrene" title="Pyrene">Pyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silylidyne" title="Silylidyne">Silylidyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#See_also" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrochemistry" title="Astrochemistry">Astrochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_and_molecular_astrophysics" title="Atomic and molecular astrophysics">Atomic and molecular astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_dust" title="Circumstellar dust">Circumstellar dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_envelope" title="Circumstellar envelope">Circumstellar envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">Cosmic ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmochemistry" title="Cosmochemistry">Cosmochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_interstellar_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Diffuse interstellar band">Diffuse interstellar band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_mechanism" title="Forbidden mechanism">Forbidden mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homochirality" title="Homochirality">Homochirality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_dust" title="Intergalactic dust">Intergalactic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_medium" title="Interplanetary medium">Interplanetary medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">Interstellar medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photodissociation_region" title="Photodissociation region">Photodissociation region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron%E2%80%93sulfur_world_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron–sulfur world theory">Iron–sulfur world theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerogen" title="Kerogen">Kerogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecules_in_stars" title="Molecules in stars">Molecules in stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">Organic compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">Outer 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