CINXE.COM

1900 — Wikipédia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1900 — Wikipédia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )frwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janvier","février","mars","avril","mai","juin","juillet","août","septembre","octobre","novembre","décembre"],"wgRequestId":"157a6aed-d32a-4d76-865b-cd2cb49724e2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1900","wgTitle":"1900","wgCurRevisionId":217182776,"wgRevisionId":217182776,"wgArticleId":3399,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Article utilisant une Infobox","Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais","Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata","Portail:Époque contemporaine/Articles liés","Portail:Histoire/Articles liés","Portail:XIXe siècle/Articles liés","Portail:Années 1900/Articles liés","Portail:XXe siècle/Articles liés","1900"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1900", "wgRelevantArticleId":3399,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"fr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"fr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2034","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.gadget.Wdsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1416"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="944"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg/640px-Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="755"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1900 — Wikipédia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifier" href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (fr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//fr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1900 rootpage-1900 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Aller au contenu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" title="Accueil général [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Accueil</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Accueil"><span>Portails thématiques</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Page_au_hasard" title="Affiche un article au hasard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article au hasard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contact"><span>Contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuer" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:D%C3%A9buter"><span>Débuter sur Wikipédia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Accueil" title="Accès à l’aide"><span>Aide</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_de_la_communaut%C3%A9" title="À propos du projet, ce que vous pouvez faire, où trouver les informations"><span>Communauté</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes" title="Liste des modifications récentes sur le wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Modifications récentes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l&#039;encyclopédie libre" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-fr.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Recherche" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rechercher</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Outils personnels"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l&#039;apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apparence" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apparence</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=1900" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=1900" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connecter</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plus d’options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils personnels" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils personnels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utilisateur" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr"><span>Faire un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=1900" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Créer un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=1900" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-En_bref" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_bref"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>En bref</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-En_bref-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Événements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Événements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Événements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Événements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Événements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Événements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afrique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afrique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Afrique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afrique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afrique_australe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afrique_australe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Afrique australe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afrique_australe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amérique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amérique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Amérique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amérique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asie_et_Pacifique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asie_et_Pacifique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Asie et Pacifique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asie_et_Pacifique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Chine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naissances_en_1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naissances_en_1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naissances en 1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naissances_en_1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Décès_en_1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Décès_en_1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Décès en 1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Décès_en_1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1900</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 196 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-196" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">196 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D1%98%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1900 јыл – altaï du Sud" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="1900 јыл" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altaï du Sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1900 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1900 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1900 сон – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1900 сон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۰۰ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۰۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1900 йыл – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1900 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A6" title="১৯০০ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯০০" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A6" title="মারি ১৯০০ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯০০" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900." title="1900. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1900." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1900 он – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="1900 он" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1900 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1900 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1900 шо – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1900 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A0%D9%A0" title="١٩٠٠ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٠٠" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A9%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A0" title="༡༩༠༠ – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="༡༩༠༠" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۰۰ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۰۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4" title="1900年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1900年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1900-ngièn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1900-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="१९०० – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९००" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900." title="1900. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1900." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1900 (almanak gregoryen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1900 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1900 թուական – arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1900 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1900 шу – ingouche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1900 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingouche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4" title="1900年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1900年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1900 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1900 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%A6%E0%B3%A6" title="೧೯೦೦ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೦೦" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%EB%85%84" title="1900년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1900년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1900 джыл – karatchaï balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1900 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatchaï balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1900" title="Joohr 1900 – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1900" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1900-ӧд во – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1900-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1900 йис – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1900 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_m." title="1900 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1900 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900._gads" title="1900. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1900. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="१९०० – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९००" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1900 он – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1900 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="इ.स. १९०० – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९००" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B8" title="1900 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1900 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%80%E1%81%80" title="၁၉၀၀ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၀၀" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1900 ие – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1900 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B0" title="۱۹۰۰ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۰۰" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="ई सं १९०० – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९००" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%A6%E0%AD%A6" title="୧୯୦୦ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୦୦" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1900-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1900-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – pampangan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="१९०० – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९००" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – aroumain" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1900 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1900 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="१९०० – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१९००" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%D8%B9" title="1900ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1900ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1900" title="Соли 1900 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1900" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2443" title="พ.ศ. 2443 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2443" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1900 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1900 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – tahitien" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1900 ар – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1900 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1900 - يىلى – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1900 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%D8%A1" title="1900ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1900ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4" title="1900年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1900年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="1900 җил – kalmouk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="1900 җил" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmouk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_nienz" title="1900 nienz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1900 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4" title="1900年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1900年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%87%E3%80%87%E5%B9%B4" title="一九〇〇年 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九〇〇年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_n%C3%AE" title="1900 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1900 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4" title="1900年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1900年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2034#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1900" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:1900" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1900"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1900"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/1900" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/1900" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;oldid=217182776" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&amp;page=1900&amp;id=217182776&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1900"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1900"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=1900"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=1900&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/1900" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2034" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Redirection" title="Aide:Redirection"><img alt="Page d’aide sur les redirections" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/20px-Arrows-move.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/30px-Arrows-move.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/40px-Arrows-move.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1900</b> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">calendrier grégorien</a>. Pour l'année 1900 av. J.-C., voir <a href="/wiki/1900_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="1900 av. J.-C.">1900 av. J.-C.</a> Pour le nombre 1900, voir <a href="/wiki/1900_(nombre)" class="mw-redirect" title="1900 (nombre)">1900 (nombre)</a>. Pour les autres significations, voir <a href="/wiki/1900_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="1900 (homonymie)">1900 (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg/220px-Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg/330px-Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg/440px-Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="760" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"><a href="/wiki/22_avril" title="22 avril">22 avril</a>&#160;: mort du commandant Lamy à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Kouss%C3%A9ri" title="Bataille de Kousséri">bataille de Kousséri</a>.</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a> <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a> <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a> <b>&#160;<a class="mw-selflink selflink">1900</a>&#160;</b> <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a> <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a><br /><small><b>Décennies&#160;:</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1870" title="Années 1870">1870</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1880" title="Années 1880">1880</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1890" title="Années 1890">1890</a> <b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1900" title="Années 1900">1900</a>&#160;</b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1910" title="Années 1910">1910</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1920" title="Années 1920">1920</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1930" title="Années 1930">1930</a><br /><small><b>Siècles&#160;:</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIe siècle">XVII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIIe siècle">XVIII<sup>e</sup></a> <b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIXe siècle">XIX<sup>e</sup></a>&#160;</b> <a href="/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXe siècle">XX<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XXIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXIe siècle">XXI<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires&#160;:</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a>&#160;</b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_par_zone_g%C3%A9ographique" title="Liste des chronologies par zone géographique">Chronologies géographiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Afrique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Afrique (page inexistante)">Afrique</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Afrique_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Afrique du Sud (page inexistante)">Afrique du Sud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Alg%C3%A9rie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Algérie (page inexistante)">Algérie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Angola&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Angola (page inexistante)">Angola</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_B%C3%A9nin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Bénin (page inexistante)">Bénin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Botswana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Botswana (page inexistante)">Botswana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Burkina_Faso&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Burkina Faso (page inexistante)">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Burundi (page inexistante)">Burundi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Cameroun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Cameroun (page inexistante)">Cameroun</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Cap-Vert&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Cap-Vert (page inexistante)">Cap-Vert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_R%C3%A9publique_centrafricaine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en République centrafricaine (page inexistante)">République centrafricaine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Comores&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Comores (page inexistante)">Comores</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_R%C3%A9publique_du_Congo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en République du Congo (page inexistante)">République du Congo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en République démocratique du Congo (page inexistante)">République démocratique du Congo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Côte d&#39;Ivoire (page inexistante)">Côte d'Ivoire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Djibouti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Djibouti (page inexistante)">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_%C3%89gypte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Égypte (page inexistante)">Égypte</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_%C3%89rythr%C3%A9e&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Érythrée (page inexistante)">Érythrée</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_%C3%89thiopie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Éthiopie (page inexistante)">Éthiopie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Gabon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Gabon (page inexistante)">Gabon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Gambie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Gambie (page inexistante)">Gambie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Ghana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Ghana (page inexistante)">Ghana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Guin%C3%A9e&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Guinée (page inexistante)">Guinée</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Guin%C3%A9e-Bissau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Guinée-Bissau (page inexistante)">Guinée-Bissau</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Guin%C3%A9e_%C3%A9quatoriale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Guinée équatoriale (page inexistante)">Guinée équatoriale</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Kenya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Kenya (page inexistante)">Kenya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Lesotho&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Lesotho (page inexistante)">Lesotho</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Liberia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Liberia (page inexistante)">Liberia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Libye&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Libye (page inexistante)">Libye</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Madagascar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Madagascar (page inexistante)">Madagascar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Malawi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Malawi (page inexistante)">Malawi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Mali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Mali (page inexistante)">Mali</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Mauritanie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Mauritanie (page inexistante)">Mauritanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Maurice_(pays)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Maurice (pays) (page inexistante)">Maurice</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Maroc&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Maroc (page inexistante)">Maroc</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Mozambique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Mozambique (page inexistante)">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Namibie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Namibie (page inexistante)">Namibie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Niger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Niger (page inexistante)">Niger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Nigeria (page inexistante)">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Ouganda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Ouganda (page inexistante)">Ouganda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Rwanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Rwanda (page inexistante)">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Sahara_occidental&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Sahara occidental (page inexistante)">Sahara occidental</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Sao_Tom%C3%A9-et-Principe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Sao Tomé-et-Principe (page inexistante)">Sao Tomé-et-Principe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Sénégal (page inexistante)">Sénégal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Seychelles&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Seychelles (page inexistante)">Seychelles</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Sierra_Leone&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Sierra Leone (page inexistante)">Sierra Leone</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Somalie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Somalie (page inexistante)">Somalie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Soudan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Soudan (page inexistante)">Soudan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Soudan_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Soudan du Sud (page inexistante)">Soudan du Sud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Swaziland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Swaziland (page inexistante)">Swaziland</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Tanzanie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Tanzanie (page inexistante)">Tanzanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Tchad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Tchad (page inexistante)">Tchad</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Togo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Togo (page inexistante)">Togo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Tunisie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Tunisie (page inexistante)">Tunisie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Zambie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Zambie (page inexistante)">Zambie</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Zimbabwe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Zimbabwe (page inexistante)">Zimbabwe</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_par_pays_en_Am%C3%A9rique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 par pays en Amérique (page inexistante)">Amérique</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Antigua-et-Barbuda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Antigua-et-Barbuda (page inexistante)">Antigua-et-Barbuda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Argentine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Argentine (page inexistante)">Argentine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Bahamas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Bahamas (page inexistante)">Bahamas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_la_Barbade&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à la Barbade (page inexistante)">Barbade</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Belize&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Belize (page inexistante)">Belize</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Bolivie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Bolivie (page inexistante)">Bolivie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Br%C3%A9sil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Brésil (page inexistante)">Brésil</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_au_Canada" title="1900 au Canada">Canada</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1900_en_Colombie-Britannique" title="1900 en Colombie-Britannique">Colombie-Britannique</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_au_Manitoba" title="1900 au Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Nouvelle-%C3%89cosse" title="1900 en Nouvelle-Écosse">Nouvelle-Écosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_au_Nouveau-Brunswick" title="1900 au Nouveau-Brunswick">Nouveau-Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Ontario" title="1900 en Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_au_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="1900 au Québec">Québec</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_aux_Territoires_du_Nord-Ouest" title="1900 aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest">Territoires du Nord-Ouest</a> et <a href="/wiki/1900_au_Yukon" title="1900 au Yukon">Yukon</a>)</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Chili&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Chili (page inexistante)">Chili</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Colombie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Colombie (page inexistante)">Colombie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Costa_Rica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Costa Rica (page inexistante)">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Cuba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Cuba (page inexistante)">Cuba</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_R%C3%A9publique_dominicaine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en République dominicaine (page inexistante)">République dominicaine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_la_Dominique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à la Dominique (page inexistante)">Dominique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_%C3%89quateur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Équateur (page inexistante)">Équateur</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="1900 aux États-Unis">États-Unis</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_la_Grenade&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à la Grenade (page inexistante)">Grenade</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Guatemala&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Guatemala (page inexistante)">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Guyana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Guyana (page inexistante)">Guyana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Ha%C3%AFti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Haïti (page inexistante)">Haïti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Honduras&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Honduras (page inexistante)">Honduras</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Jama%C3%AFque&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Jamaïque (page inexistante)">Jamaïque</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Mexique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Mexique (page inexistante)">Mexique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Nicaragua&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Nicaragua (page inexistante)">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Panama (page inexistante)">Panama</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Paraguay&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Paraguay (page inexistante)">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_P%C3%A9rou&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Pérou (page inexistante)">Pérou</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Saint-Christophe-et-Ni%C3%A9v%C3%A8s&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès (page inexistante)">Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines (page inexistante)">Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Sainte-Lucie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Sainte-Lucie (page inexistante)">Sainte-Lucie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Salvador&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Salvador (page inexistante)">Salvador</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Suriname&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Suriname (page inexistante)">Suriname</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Trinit%C3%A9-et-Tobago&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Trinité-et-Tobago (page inexistante)">Trinité-et-Tobago</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Uruguay&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Uruguay (page inexistante)">Uruguay</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Venezuela&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Venezuela (page inexistante)">Venezuela</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_par_pays_en_Asie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 par pays en Asie (page inexistante)">Asie</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Abkhazie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Abkhazie (page inexistante)">Abkhazie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Afghanistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Afghanistan (page inexistante)">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Arabie_saoudite&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Arabie saoudite (page inexistante)">Arabie saoudite</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Arm%C3%A9nie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Arménie (page inexistante)">Arménie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Azerbaïdjan (page inexistante)">Azerbaïdjan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Bahre%C3%AFn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Bahreïn (page inexistante)">Bahreïn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Bangladesh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Bangladesh (page inexistante)">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Bhoutan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Bhoutan (page inexistante)">Bhoutan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Birmanie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Birmanie (page inexistante)">Birmanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Brunei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Brunei (page inexistante)">Brunei</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Cambodge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Cambodge (page inexistante)">Cambodge</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_le_Caucase&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans le Caucase (page inexistante)">Caucase</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Chine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Chine (page inexistante)">Chine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Chypre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Chypre (page inexistante)">Chypre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Corée du Nord (page inexistante)">Corée du Nord</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Corée du Sud (page inexistante)">Corée du Sud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_%C3%89mirats_arabes_unis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Émirats arabes unis (page inexistante)">Émirats arabes unis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_G%C3%A9orgie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Géorgie (page inexistante)">Géorgie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Inde" title="1900 en Inde">Inde</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Indon%C3%A9sie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Indonésie (page inexistante)">Indonésie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Irak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Irak (page inexistante)">Irak</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Iran&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Iran (page inexistante)">Iran</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Isra%C3%ABl&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Israël (page inexistante)">Israël</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Japon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Japon (page inexistante)">Japon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Jordanie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Jordanie (page inexistante)">Jordanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Kazakhstan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Kirghizistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Kirghizistan (page inexistante)">Kirghizistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Kurdistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Kurdistan (page inexistante)">Kurdistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Kowe%C3%AFt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Koweït (page inexistante)">Koweït</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Laos&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Laos (page inexistante)">Laos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Liban&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Liban (page inexistante)">Liban</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Malaisie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Malaisie (page inexistante)">Malaisie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Maldives&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Maldives (page inexistante)">Maldives</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Mongolie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Mongolie (page inexistante)">Mongolie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_N%C3%A9pal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Népal (page inexistante)">Népal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Oman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Oman (page inexistante)">Oman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Oss%C3%A9tie_du_Sud-Alanie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Ossétie du Sud-Alanie (page inexistante)">Ossétie du Sud-Alanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Ouzb%C3%A9kistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Ouzbékistan (page inexistante)">Ouzbékistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Pakistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Pakistan (page inexistante)">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Palestine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Palestine (page inexistante)">Palestine</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Philippines&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Philippines (page inexistante)">Philippines</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_par_pays_au_Proche-Orient&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 par pays au Proche-Orient (page inexistante)">Proche-Orient</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Qatar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Qatar (page inexistante)">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Russie" title="1900 en Russie">Russie</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Singapour&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Singapour (page inexistante)">Singapour</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Sri_Lanka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Sri Lanka (page inexistante)">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Syrie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Syrie (page inexistante)">Syrie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Tadjikistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Tadjikistan (page inexistante)">Tadjikistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Ta%C3%AFwan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Taïwan (page inexistante)">Taïwan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Tha%C3%AFlande&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Thaïlande (page inexistante)">Thaïlande</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Timor_oriental&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Timor oriental (page inexistante)">Timor oriental</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Turkm%C3%A9nistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Turkménistan (page inexistante)">Turkménistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Turquie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Turquie (page inexistante)">Turquie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Viêt Nam (page inexistante)">Viêt Nam</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Y%C3%A9men&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Yémen (page inexistante)">Yémen</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Europe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Europe (page inexistante)">Europe</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Abkhazie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Abkhazie (page inexistante)">Abkhazie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Allemagne" title="1900 en Allemagne">Allemagne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Albanie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Albanie (page inexistante)">Albanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Andorre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Andorre (page inexistante)">Andorre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Arm%C3%A9nie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Arménie (page inexistante)">Arménie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Autriche&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Autriche (page inexistante)">Autriche</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Azerbaïdjan (page inexistante)">Azerbaïdjan</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Belgique" title="1900 en Belgique">Belgique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Bi%C3%A9lorussie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Biélorussie (page inexistante)">Biélorussie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Bosnie-Herz%C3%A9govine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Bosnie-Herzégovine (page inexistante)">Bosnie-Herzégovine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Bulgarie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Bulgarie (page inexistante)">Bulgarie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_le_Caucase&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans le Caucase (page inexistante)">Caucase</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Chypre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Chypre (page inexistante)">Chypre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Croatie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Croatie (page inexistante)">Croatie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Danemark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Danemark (page inexistante)">Danemark</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Espagne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Espagne (page inexistante)">Espagne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Estonie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Estonie (page inexistante)">Estonie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Finlande&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Finlande (page inexistante)">Finlande</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_France" title="1900 en France">France</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1900_en_Bretagne" title="1900 en Bretagne">Bretagne</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Lorraine" title="1900 en Lorraine">Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_%C3%A0_Paris" title="1900 à Paris">Paris</a> et )</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_G%C3%A9orgie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Géorgie (page inexistante)">Géorgie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Gr%C3%A8ce" title="1900 en Grèce">Grèce</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Hongrie" title="1900 en Hongrie">Hongrie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Irlande&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Irlande (page inexistante)">Irlande</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Islande&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Islande (page inexistante)">Islande</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Italie" title="1900 en Italie">Italie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Kazakhstan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Kosovo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Kosovo (page inexistante)">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Lettonie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Lettonie (page inexistante)">Lettonie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Liechtenstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Liechtenstein (page inexistante)">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Lituanie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Lituanie (page inexistante)">Lituanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Luxembourg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Luxembourg (page inexistante)">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Mac%C3%A9doine_du_Nord&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Macédoine du Nord (page inexistante)">Macédoine du Nord</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Malte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Malte (page inexistante)">Malte</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Moldavie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Moldavie (page inexistante)">Moldavie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Monaco&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Monaco (page inexistante)">Monaco</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Monténégro (page inexistante)">Monténégro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Norv%C3%A8ge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Norvège (page inexistante)">Norvège</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Oss%C3%A9tie_du_Sud-Alanie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Ossétie du Sud-Alanie (page inexistante)">Ossétie du Sud-Alanie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_aux_Pays-Bas" title="1900 aux Pays-Bas">Pays-Bas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Pologne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Pologne (page inexistante)">Pologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_au_Portugal" title="1900 au Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Roumanie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Roumanie (page inexistante)">Roumanie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_au_Royaume-Uni" title="1900 au Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Russie" title="1900 en Russie">Russie</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Saint-Marin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Saint-Marin (page inexistante)">Saint-Marin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Serbie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Serbie (page inexistante)">Serbie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Slovaquie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Slovaquie (page inexistante)">Slovaquie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Slov%C3%A9nie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Slovénie (page inexistante)">Slovénie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Su%C3%A8de&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Suède (page inexistante)">Suède</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_Suisse" title="1900 en Suisse">Suisse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Tch%C3%A9quie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Tchéquie (page inexistante)">Tchéquie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Turquie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Turquie (page inexistante)">Turquie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Ukraine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Ukraine (page inexistante)">Ukraine</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Vatican&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Vatican (page inexistante)">Vatican</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_par_pays_en_Oc%C3%A9anie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 par pays en Océanie (page inexistante)">Océanie</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/wiki/1900_en_Australie" title="1900 en Australie">Australie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_%C3%8Eles_Cook&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Îles Cook (page inexistante)">Îles Cook</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_%C3%89tats_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Micron%C3%A9sie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux États fédérés de Micronésie (page inexistante)">États fédérés de Micronésie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Fidji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Fidji (page inexistante)">Fidji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Indon%C3%A9sie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Indonésie (page inexistante)">Indonésie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_%C3%8Eles_Marshall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Îles Marshall (page inexistante)">Îles Marshall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Nauru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Nauru (page inexistante)">Nauru</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_%C3%A0_Niue&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 à Niue (page inexistante)">Niue</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Nouvelle-Zélande (page inexistante)">Nouvelle-Zélande</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Palaos&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Palaos (page inexistante)">Palaos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin%C3%A9e&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée (page inexistante)">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Kiribati&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Kiribati (page inexistante)">Kiribati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_%C3%8Eles_Salomon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Îles Salomon (page inexistante)">Îles Salomon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Samoa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Samoa (page inexistante)">Samoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Samoa_am%C3%A9ricaines&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Samoa américaines (page inexistante)">Samoa américaines</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Timor_oriental&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Timor oriental (page inexistante)">Timor oriental</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Tonga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Tonga (page inexistante)">Tonga</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_aux_Tuvalu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 aux Tuvalu (page inexistante)">Tuvalu</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_au_Vanuatu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 au Vanuatu (page inexistante)">Vanuatu</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_les_mers_et_oc%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans les mers et océans (page inexistante)">Mers et océans</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_la_Manche&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans la Manche (page inexistante)">Manche</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_mer_Baltique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en mer Baltique (page inexistante)">Mer Baltique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_mer_des_Cara%C3%AFbes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en mer des Caraïbes (page inexistante)">Mer des Caraïbes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_mer_Caspienne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en mer Caspienne (page inexistante)">Mer Caspienne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_mer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en mer Méditerranée (page inexistante)">Mer Méditerranée</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_mer_du_Nord&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en mer du Nord (page inexistante)">Mer du Nord</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_mer_Noire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en mer Noire (page inexistante)">Mer Noire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_mer_Rouge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en mer Rouge (page inexistante)">Mer Rouge</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_l%27oc%C3%A9an_Arctique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans l&#39;océan Arctique (page inexistante)">Océan Arctique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_l%27oc%C3%A9an_Atlantique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans l&#39;océan Atlantique (page inexistante)">Océan Atlantique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_l%27oc%C3%A9an_Austral&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans l&#39;océan Austral (page inexistante)">Océan Austral</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_l%27oc%C3%A9an_Indien&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans l&#39;océan Indien (page inexistante)">Océan Indien</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_l%27oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans l&#39;océan Pacifique (page inexistante)">Océan Pacifique</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_Antarctique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en Antarctique (page inexistante)">Antarctique</a></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_art&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en art (page inexistante)">Art</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/wiki/1900_en_architecture" title="1900 en architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_arts_plastiques" title="1900 en arts plastiques">Arts plastiques</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_dessin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en dessin (page inexistante)">Dessin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_gravure&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en gravure (page inexistante)">Gravure</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_lithographie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en lithographie (page inexistante)">Lithographie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_peinture&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en peinture (page inexistante)">Peinture</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_sculpture&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en sculpture (page inexistante)">Sculpture</a>)</small>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_bande_dessin%C3%A9e" title="1900 en bande dessinée">Bande dessinée</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_au_cin%C3%A9ma" title="1900 au cinéma">Cinéma</a> <small>()</small>, Genres <small>(<a href="/wiki/1900_en_science-fiction" title="1900 en science-fiction">Science-fiction</a>)</small>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_litt%C3%A9rature" title="1900 en littérature">Littérature</a> <small>()</small>, Musique <small>(<a href="/wiki/1900_en_musique" title="1900 en musique">Populaire</a> et <a href="/wiki/1900_en_musique_classique" title="1900 en musique classique">Classique</a>)</small>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_photographie" title="1900 en photographie">Photographie</a> et <a href="/wiki/1900_au_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre" title="1900 au théâtre">Théâtre</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div><div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_ing%C3%A9nierie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en ingénierie (page inexistante)">Ingénierie</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/wiki/1900_en_a%C3%A9ronautique" title="1900 en aéronautique">Aéronautique</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_architecture" title="1900 en architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_dans_les_chemins_de_fer" title="1900 dans les chemins de fer">Chemins de fer</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Liste_des_accidents_ferroviaires_en_France_en_1900" title="Liste des accidents ferroviaires en France en 1900">Accidents ferroviaires en France</a>)</small>, <small>()</small> et <a href="/wiki/1900_dans_les_parcs_de_loisirs" title="1900 dans les parcs de loisirs">Parcs de loisirs</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div><div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_politique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en politique (page inexistante)">Politique</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/wiki/1900_en_droit" title="1900 en droit">Droit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liste_d%27%C3%A9lections_en_1900" title="Liste d&#39;élections en 1900">Élections</a> et <small>()</small> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div><div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_religion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_le_bouddhisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans le bouddhisme (page inexistante)">Bouddhisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_le_christianisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans le christianisme (page inexistante)">Christianisme</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1900_dans_le_catholicisme" title="1900 dans le catholicisme">Catholicisme</a>, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_le_protestantisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans le protestantisme (page inexistante)">Protestantisme</a>)</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_l%27hindouisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans l&#39;hindouisme (page inexistante)">Hindouisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_l%27islam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans l&#39;islam (page inexistante)">Islam</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_dans_le_juda%C3%AFsme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 dans le judaïsme (page inexistante)">Judaïsme</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div><div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/wiki/1900_en_science" title="1900 en science">Science</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_arch%C3%A9ologie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en archéologie (page inexistante)">Archéologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_astronomie" title="1900 en astronomie">Astronomie</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_biologie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en biologie (page inexistante)">Biologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_chimie" title="1900 en chimie">Chimie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_climatologie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en climatologie (page inexistante)">Climatologie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_exploration&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en exploration (page inexistante)">Exploration</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_g%C3%A9ologie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en géologie (page inexistante)">Géologie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_histoire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en histoire (page inexistante)">Histoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_math%C3%A9matiques" title="1900 en mathématiques">Mathématiques</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_numismatique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en numismatique (page inexistante)">Numismatique</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_pal%C3%A9ontologie" class="mw-redirect" title="1900 en paléontologie">Paléontologie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_physique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en physique (page inexistante)">Physique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_psychologie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en psychologie (page inexistante)">Psychologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine" title="1900 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> et <a href="/wiki/1900_en_sociologie" class="mw-redirect" title="1900 en sociologie">Sociologie</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div><div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/wiki/1900_en_sport" title="1900 en sport">Sport</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_athl%C3%A9tisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en athlétisme (page inexistante)">Athlétisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_aviron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en aviron (page inexistante)">Aviron</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_baseball&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en baseball (page inexistante)">Baseball</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_basket-ball&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en basket-ball (page inexistante)">Basket-ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_combin%C3%A9_nordique" title="1900 en combiné nordique">Combiné nordique</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_cyclisme" title="1900 en cyclisme">Cyclisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_escrime&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en escrime (page inexistante)">Escrime</a>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_football" title="1900 en football">Football</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_golf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en golf (page inexistante)">Golf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_halt%C3%A9rophilie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en haltérophilie (page inexistante)">Haltérophilie</a>, Hockey <small>(<a href="/wiki/1900_en_hockey_sur_glace" title="1900 en hockey sur glace">Sur glace</a>)</small>, <small>()</small>, Rugby <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_rugby_%C3%A0_XIII&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en rugby à XIII (page inexistante)">À XIII</a> et <a href="/wiki/1900_en_rugby_%C3%A0_XV" title="1900 en rugby à XV">À XV</a>)</small>, <a href="/wiki/1900_en_sport_automobile" title="1900 en sport automobile">Sport automobile</a>, <small>()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_tennis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en tennis (page inexistante)">Tennis</a> <small>()</small>, Tir <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_tir_%C3%A0_l%27arc&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en tir à l&#39;arc (page inexistante)">À l'arc</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_tir_sportif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en tir sportif (page inexistante)">Sportif</a>)</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_voile&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en voile (page inexistante)">Voile</a>, <small>()</small> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_water-polo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en water-polo (page inexistante)">Water-polo</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1900" title="Décès en 1900">Décès</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_en_journalisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 en journalisme (page inexistante)">Journalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1900" title="Naissance en 1900">Naissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_en_philosophie" title="1900 en philosophie">Philosophie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>1900</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_s%C3%A9culaire" title="Année séculaire">année séculaire</a> et une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_lundi" title="Année commune commençant un lundi">commence un lundi</a>. C'est la dernière année du <a href="/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle</a> et une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_bissextile_commen%C3%A7ant_un_samedi" title="Année bissextile commençant un samedi">année bissextile commençant un samedi</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a> alors en usage en Russie. En conséquence, le calendrier julien a 12 jours de retard sur le calendrier grégorien jusqu'au mercredi <a href="/wiki/28_f%C3%A9vrier" title="28 février">28 février</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="02-16" data-sort-value="02-16">16 février</time> julien) et 13 jours de retard depuis le jeudi <a href="/wiki/1er_mars" title="1er mars"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>&#160;mars</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="02-17" data-sort-value="02-17">17 février</time> julien). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="En_bref">En bref</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : En bref" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : En bref"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15_avril" title="15 avril">15 avril</a> - <a href="/wiki/12_novembre" title="12 novembre">12 novembre</a>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Exposition_universelle_de_1900" title="Exposition universelle de 1900">exposition universelle de Paris</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_avril" title="22 avril">22 avril</a>&#160;: défaite et mort de Rabah à la bataille de Kousséri.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_juin" title="20 juin">20 juin</a> - <a href="/wiki/14_ao%C3%BBt" title="14 août">14 août</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a>&#160;: siège des légations à Pékin pendant la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_des_Boxers" title="Révolte des Boxers">révolte des Boxers</a><sup id="cite_ref-Milza_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milza-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Poursuite de la <a href="/wiki/Seconde_guerre_des_Boers" title="Seconde guerre des Boers">seconde guerre des Boers</a> en <a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27Afrique_du_Sud" title="Histoire de l&#39;Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afrique">Afrique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Afrique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Afrique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1er_janvier" title="1er janvier"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>&#160;janvier</a>&#160;: le <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> devient un protectorat britannique. La <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Niger_Company" title="Royal Niger Company">Royal Niger Company</a></i> remet ses privilèges au gouvernement britannique<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le haut-commissaire <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lugard" title="Frederick Lugard">Frederick Lugard</a> annexe les émirats septentrionaux, placés sous administration indirecte (<i><a href="/wiki/Indirect_rule" title="Indirect rule">indirect rule</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;; les Britanniques proclament l’abolition de l’<a href="/wiki/Esclavage" title="Esclavage">esclavage</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_janvier" title="5 janvier">5 janvier</a>&#160;: l’expédition de Flamand et Pein s’empare de l’oasis d’<a href="/wiki/In_Salah" title="In Salah">In Salah</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Sahara_alg%C3%A9rien" title="Sahara algérien">Sahara algérien</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_mars" title="10 mars">10 mars</a>&#160;: <i>Buganda Agreement</i> négocié par les Britanniques<sup id="cite_ref-Low_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Low-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;: la terre est divisée en <i>square miles</i> et distribué à l’aristocratie bougandaise (1&#160;000 personnes en 1900, puis 4&#160;000 à la suite des protestations des chefs qui n’ont pas eu droit au partage).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_mars" title="23 mars">23 mars</a>&#160;: inauguration par le <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Pennequin" title="Théophile Pennequin">général Pennequin</a> à <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Tananarive</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_Pasteur_de_Madagascar" title="Institut Pasteur de Madagascar">Institut Pasteur de Madagascar</a>, chargé d'étudier les pathologies locales, de mettre au point de nouvelles techniques médicales et de diffuser des vaccins<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_mars" title="28 mars">28 mars</a>&#160;: <i>War of the Golden Stool</i>. Rébellion <a href="/wiki/Ashanti_(peuple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti (peuple)">Ashanti</a> en <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_de_l%27Or" title="Côte de l&#39;Or">Côte de l'Or</a>. Le gouverneur <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Mitchell_Hodgson" title="Frederic Mitchell Hodgson">Frederic Mitchell Hodgson</a> est assiégé dans <a href="/wiki/Kumasi" title="Kumasi">Kumasi</a> (fin le <a href="/wiki/30_septembre" title="30 septembre">30 septembre</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_avril" title="16 avril">16 avril</a>&#160;: début d’une épidémie de <a href="/wiki/Fi%C3%A8vre_jaune" title="Fièvre jaune">fièvre jaune</a> au <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal" title="Sénégal">Sénégal</a> (fin le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1901-02-28" data-sort-value="1901-02-28">28 février 1901</time><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_avril" title="22 avril">22 avril</a>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Rabah" title="Rabah">Rabah</a> est vaincu et tué à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Kouss%C3%A9ri" title="Bataille de Kousséri">bataille de Kousséri</a> par les forces réunies des trois missions françaises au <a href="/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad">Tchad</a> et son empire est détruit. Le <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Lamy" class="mw-redirect" title="François Joseph Amédée Lamy">Commandant Lamy</a> est tué dans la bataille. Le <a href="/wiki/Ouada%C3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouadaï">Ouadaï</a> est occupé. Fadl Allah, fils de <a href="/wiki/Rabah" title="Rabah">Rabah</a>, tente de poursuivre la lutte, mais pourchassé par les colonnes françaises, il est tué en <a href="/wiki/Ao%C3%BBt_1901" title="Août 1901">août 1901</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nemo_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nemo-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_mai" title="13 mai">13 mai</a>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Ben_Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdelaziz Ben Hassan">Abd al-‘Aziz</a> monte sur le trône du <a href="/wiki/Maroc" title="Maroc">Maroc</a> à la mort du régent <a href="/wiki/Ba_Ahmed" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba Ahmed">Ba Ahmed</a>. Son manque de personnalité fait penser à l’opinion publique et aux observateurs étrangers que le Maroc s’achemine vers la perte de son indépendance<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Sa mère lui impose comme grand vizir El Hadj el-Moktar qui ne gouverne que quelques mois.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_juin" title="2 juin">2 juin</a>&#160;: mort en captivité au Gabon de l’almami <a href="/wiki/Samori_Tour%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Samori Touré">Samori Touré</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_juin" title="19 juin">19 juin</a>&#160;: création du Comité spécial du <a href="/wiki/Katanga" title="Katanga">Katanga</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_juin" title="27 juin">27 juin</a>&#160;: transfert de la <a href="/wiki/Guin%C3%A9e_%C3%A9quatoriale" title="Guinée équatoriale">Guinée équatoriale</a> à l’<a href="/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne">Espagne</a> au <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Paris_(1900)" title="Traité de Paris (1900)">traité de Paris</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_juillet" title="23 juillet">23</a> - <a href="/wiki/25_juillet" title="25 juillet">25 juillet</a>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Panafricanisme#La_Première_Conférence_panafricaine_(1900)" title="Panafricanisme">première Conférence panafricaine</a> réunie au <i><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a> par <a href="/wiki/W.E.B._DuBois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. DuBois">W.E.B. DuBois</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_septembre" title="5 septembre">5 septembre</a>&#160;: création du territoire militaire des pays et protectorats du <a href="/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad">Tchad</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_d%C3%A9cembre" title="19 décembre">19 décembre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A9rie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Algérie française">Algérie</a>&#160;: la colonie est dotée d’un budget propre<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce nouveau statut favorisera la constitution de grands domaines agricoles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">Famine</a> «&#160;Ize-Neere&#160;» (vente des enfants) au <a href="/wiki/Sahel_africain" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahel africain">Sahel</a> (1900-1903)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Création de l'<i>Indian Association of <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Afrique_australe">Afrique australe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Afrique australe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Afrique australe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Seconde_guerre_des_Boers" title="Seconde guerre des Boers">Seconde guerre des Boers</a>.</div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_janvier" title="10 janvier">10 janvier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrique_du_Sud" title="Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a>&#160;: à la suite de l’échec d’une contre-offensive contre les Boers, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts">lord Roberts</a> et <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Kitchener">Herbert Kitchener</a> prennent le commandement des forces britanniques<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. le <a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> mobilise 450&#160;000 soldats en Afrique du Sud<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, dont la majorité sont venus de la métropole, le reste étant pris sur place parmi les Blancs d’origine britannique.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Boers_at_Spion_Kop,_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg/220px-Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg/330px-Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg/440px-Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/24_janvier" title="24 janvier">24 janvier</a>&#160;: Boers à <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Spion_Kop" title="Bataille de Spion Kop">Spion Kop</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23_janvier" title="23 janvier">23</a> - <a href="/wiki/24_janvier" title="24 janvier">24 janvier</a>&#160;: sanglant échec des troupes britanniques de <a href="/wiki/Redvers_Buller" title="Redvers Buller">Redvers Buller</a> lors de la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Spion_Kop" title="Bataille de Spion Kop">bataille de Spion Kop</a>, dans la <a href="/wiki/Seconde_guerre_des_Boers" title="Seconde guerre des Boers">seconde guerre des Boers</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_f%C3%A9vrier" title="11 février">11 février</a>&#160;: début de la troisième phase de la <a href="/wiki/Seconde_guerre_des_Boers" title="Seconde guerre des Boers">seconde guerre des Boers</a>&#160;; contre-offensive britannique victorieuse menée par <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts">Frederick Roberts</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_f%C3%A9vrier" title="15 février">15 février</a>&#160;: les Boers lèvent le <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Kimberley" title="Siège de Kimberley">siège de Kimberley</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_f%C3%A9vrier" title="27 février">27 février</a>&#160;: les troupes britanniques remportent à <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Paardeberg" title="Bataille de Paardeberg">Paardeberg</a> une victoire décisive sur les Boers<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_f%C3%A9vrier" title="28 février">28 février</a>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_de_Ladysmith" title="Libération de Ladysmith">libération de Ladysmith</a> par les troupes britanniques<sup id="cite_ref-Kersaudy_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kersaudy-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_mars" title="13 mars">13 mars</a>&#160;: les troupes britanniques occupent <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> après leurs victoires à <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Poplar_Grove" title="Bataille de Poplar Grove">Poplar Grove</a> (<a href="/wiki/7_mars" title="7 mars">7 mars</a>) et à <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Driefontein" title="Bataille de Driefontein">Driefontein</a> (<a href="/wiki/10_mars" title="10 mars">10 mars</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_mars" title="31 mars">31 mars</a>&#160;: début de la phase des guérillas de la <a href="/wiki/Seconde_guerre_des_Boers" title="Seconde guerre des Boers">seconde guerre des Boers</a>&#160;; victoire des Boers à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Sanna%27s_Post" title="Bataille de Sanna&#39;s Post">bataille de Sanna’s Post</a> et à <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Mostertshoek" title="Bataille de Mostertshoek">Mostertshoek</a> (<a href="/wiki/3_avril" title="3 avril">3</a> au <a href="/wiki/4_avril" title="4 avril">4 avril</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_avril" title="9 avril">9</a> au <a href="/wiki/25_avril" title="25 avril">25 avril</a>&#160;: échec du <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Jammerbergdrift" title="Siège de Jammerbergdrift">siège de Jammerbergdrift</a> par les Boers<sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_mai" title="3 mai">3</a>-<a href="/wiki/10_mai" title="10 mai">10 mai</a>&#160;: les Boers de <a href="/wiki/Louis_Botha" title="Louis Botha">Louis Botha</a> tentent en vain d'arrêter l'avance britannique à Brandfort (<a href="/wiki/3_mai" title="3 mai">3 mai</a>), à Vet River (<a href="/wiki/5_mai" title="5 mai">5 mai</a>) et à <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Sand_River" title="Bataille de Sand River">Sand River</a> (<a href="/wiki/7_mai" title="7 mai">7</a> et <a href="/wiki/10_mai" title="10 mai">10 mai</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_mai" title="17 mai">17 mai</a>&#160;: fin du <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Mafeking" title="Siège de Mafeking">siège de Mafeking</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_mai" title="28 mai">28 mai</a>&#160;: l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_libre_d%27Orange" title="État libre d&#39;Orange">État libre d’Orange</a> devient <a href="/wiki/Colonie_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_Orange" title="Colonie de la rivière Orange">colonie de la couronne</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_mai" title="29 mai">29 mai</a>&#160;: victoire des Boers à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Biddulphsberg" title="Bataille de Biddulphsberg">bataille de Biddulphsberg</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_mai" title="31 mai">31 mai</a>&#160;: les troupes britanniques occupent <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_juin" title="7 juin">7 juin</a>&#160;: victoire des Boers à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Roodewal" title="Bataille de Roodewal">bataille de Roodewal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_juin" title="5 juin">5 juin</a>&#160;: défaite des Boers et occupation de <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> par les Britanniques de <a href="/wiki/Lord_Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Roberts">lord Roberts</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_juin" title="11 juin">11</a> - <a href="/wiki/12_juin" title="12 juin">12 juin</a>&#160;: victoire britannique à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Diamond_Hill" title="Bataille de Diamond Hill">bataille de Diamond Hill</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kersaudy_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kersaudy-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_ao%C3%BBt" title="21 août">21</a> - <a href="/wiki/27_ao%C3%BBt" title="27 août">27 août</a>&#160;: victoire britannique à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Bergendal" title="Bataille de Bergendal">bataille de Bergendal</a>, au Transvaal<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1er_septembre" title="1er septembre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>&#160;septembre</a>&#160;: le <a href="/wiki/Transvaal" title="Transvaal">Transvaal</a> devient colonie britannique<sup id="cite_ref-Wessels_22-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La résistance des Boers se poursuit pendant deux ans.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg/220px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg/330px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg/440px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-215-94-Derivative01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>Le camp de concentration de Bloemfontein.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/22_septembre" title="22 septembre">22 septembre</a>&#160;: le major-général J. G. Maxwell, gouverneur du Transvaal, annonce la mise en place de deux <a href="/wiki/Camp_de_concentration" title="Camp de concentration">camps de concentration</a> à Pretoria et à Bloemfontein pour y interner les prisonniers boers, en majorité des femmes et des enfants<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;: 25&#160;000 y périssent. Les faits sont rapportés par la presse et réveillent en <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> et en <a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a> les sentiments anglophobes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_novembre" title="6 novembre">6 novembre</a>&#160;: défaites du <i>kommando</i> de <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_de_Wet" title="Christiaan de Wet">Christiaan de Wet</a> à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Bothaville" title="Bataille de Bothaville">bataille de Bothaville</a><sup id="cite_ref-Showalter_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Showalter-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_novembre" title="7 novembre">7 novembre</a>&#160;: victoire des Boers à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Leliefontein" title="Bataille de Leliefontein">bataille de Leliefontein</a><sup id="cite_ref-Showalter_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Showalter-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_d%C3%A9cembre" title="13 décembre">13 décembre</a>&#160;: victoire des Boers à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Nooitgedacht" title="Bataille de Nooitgedacht">bataille de Nooitgedacht</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amérique"><span id="Am.C3.A9rique"></span>Amérique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Amérique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Amérique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5_f%C3%A9vrier" title="5 février">5 février</a>&#160;: signature du premier traité anglo-américain Hay-Pauncefote pour le <a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Panama" title="Canal de Panama">canal de Panama</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le <a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> renonce à ses droits sur le canal qui sera construit par les seuls <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> dans une zone neutre et non fortifiée. Les États-Unis s’engagent à le laisser ouvert à la circulation des navires de commerce et de guerre.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_avril" title="12 avril">12 avril</a>&#160;: le <a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Congrès des États-Unis">Congrès des États-Unis</a> se prononce pour l’établissement d’un gouvernement civil à <a href="/wiki/Porto_Rico" title="Porto Rico">Porto Rico</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>19-<time class="nowrap" datetime="06-21" data-sort-value="06-21">21 juin</time>: la <a href="/wiki/Parti_r%C3%A9publicain_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="Parti républicain (États-Unis)">Convention républicaine</a> se réunit à Philadelphie et désigne <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> comme candidat à la présidence.</li> <li>Juillet: la <a href="/wiki/Parti_d%C3%A9mocrate_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="Parti démocrate (États-Unis)">Convention démocrate</a> se réunit à Kansas City et désigne <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> comme candidat à la présidence.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_juillet" title="31 juillet">31 juillet</a>&#160;: coup d’État en <a href="/wiki/Colombie" title="Colombie">Colombie</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;; <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="José Manuel Marroquín">José Manuel Marroquín</a> prend le pouvoir le <a href="/wiki/7_ao%C3%BBt" title="7 août">7 août</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_novembre" title="5 novembre">5 novembre</a>&#160;: à la suite d’élections tenues le <a href="/wiki/15_septembre" title="15 septembre">15 septembre</a>, ouverture d’une assemblée constituante chargée de rédiger une constitution libérale à <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_novembre" title="6 novembre">6 novembre</a>&#160;: le républicain <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> (R) est <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_des_%C3%89tats-Unis_d%27Am%C3%A9rique_1900" class="mw-redirect" title="Élection présidentielle des États-Unis d&#39;Amérique 1900">réélu</a> président des États-Unis<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1er_d%C3%A9cembre" title="1er décembre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>&#160;décembre</a>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_da_Silva_Paranhos_J%C3%BAnior" title="José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior">Rio Branco</a> obtient le règlement du <a href="/wiki/Contest%C3%A9_franco-br%C3%A9silien" title="Contesté franco-brésilien">litige franco-brésilien</a> sur la <a href="/wiki/Fronti%C3%A8re_entre_le_Br%C3%A9sil_et_la_France" title="Frontière entre le Brésil et la France">frontière</a> avec la <a href="/wiki/Guyane" title="Guyane">Guyane</a> avec l’arbitrage des Suisses au profit du <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9sil" title="Brésil">Brésil</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asie_et_Pacifique">Asie et Pacifique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Asie et Pacifique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Asie et Pacifique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9vrier_1900" title="Février 1900">Février</a>&#160;: <i>Chian Keisatsu Hō</i>. Nouvelles <a href="/wiki/Lois_de_pr%C3%A9servation_de_la_paix" title="Lois de préservation de la paix">lois sur le maintien de l’ordre</a> au <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elles sont essentiellement destinées à réprimer l’agitation ouvrière. Par ailleurs, l’état-major impose ses vues au gouvernement. Désormais, les ministres des armées devront être choisis dans les rangs des officiers d’active.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_avril" title="20 avril">20 avril</a>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> devient un protectorat britannique puis est annexée par la <a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande" title="Nouvelle-Zélande">Nouvelle-Zélande</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1901-06-11" data-sort-value="1901-06-11">11 juin 1901</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Men_of_the_29th_volunteer_infantry_wading_ashore_on_Marinduque_25_April_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Men_of_the_29th_volunteer_infantry_wading_ashore_on_Marinduque_25_April_1900.jpg/220px-Men_of_the_29th_volunteer_infantry_wading_ashore_on_Marinduque_25_April_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Men_of_the_29th_volunteer_infantry_wading_ashore_on_Marinduque_25_April_1900.jpg/330px-Men_of_the_29th_volunteer_infantry_wading_ashore_on_Marinduque_25_April_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Men_of_the_29th_volunteer_infantry_wading_ashore_on_Marinduque_25_April_1900.jpg/440px-Men_of_the_29th_volunteer_infantry_wading_ashore_on_Marinduque_25_April_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/25_avril" title="25 avril">25 avril</a>&#160;: le <abbr class="abbr" title="Vingt-neuvième">29<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;régiment volontaire d’infanterie débarque à <a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>).</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30_avril" title="30 avril">30 avril</a>&#160;: vote du <i>Hawaiian Organic Act</i>, qui entre en vigueur le <a href="/wiki/14_juin" title="14 juin">14 juin</a>. Le <a href="/wiki/Territoire_d%27Hawa%C3%AF" title="Territoire d&#39;Hawaï">territoire d’Hawaï</a> est officiellement intégré aux <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_juin" title="3 juin">3 juin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>&#160;: une seconde commission américaine, nommée le <a href="/wiki/6_f%C3%A9vrier" title="6 février">6 février</a>, débarque à <a href="/wiki/Manille" title="Manille">Manille</a>, sous la direction de <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a><sup id="cite_ref-Beede_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beede-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle prend possession de l’administration de l’archipel et autorise la formation d’un parti fédéral philippin sous réserve qu’il accepte la paix sous contrôle américain le <a href="/wiki/23_d%C3%A9cembre" title="23 décembre">23 décembre</a><sup id="cite_ref-Halili_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halili-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_juillet" title="9 juillet">9 juillet</a>&#160;: à la suite de l’adoption du «&#160;<i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_de_l%27Australie" title="Constitution de l&#39;Australie">Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act</a></i>&#160;», l’<a href="/wiki/Australie" title="Australie">Australie</a> devient un État fédéral<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_ao%C3%BBt" title="11 août">11 août</a>&#160;: nouvelle convention archéologique franco-persane qui confirme le monopole français sur les <a href="/wiki/Relations_entre_la_France_et_l%27Iran#Les_délégations_archéologiques_françaises_(1895_-_1979)" title="Relations entre la France et l&#39;Iran">recherches archéologiques</a> en <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La France obtient l’exclusivité d’acquisition des objets découverts en <a href="/wiki/Susiane" title="Susiane">Susiane</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BBzist%C3%A2n" class="mw-redirect" title="Khûzistân">Khûzistân</a>).</li> <li>À <a href="/wiki/Born%C3%A9o" title="Bornéo">Bornéo</a>, seul le territoire de <a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a> est sous contrôle gouvernemental des <a href="/wiki/Indes_orientales_n%C3%A9erlandaises" title="Indes orientales néerlandaises">Indes orientales néerlandaises</a> en 1900. Les Hollandais étendent leur administration directe à partir de là, mais doivent laisser aux Britanniques la <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_Chartered_Company" title="North Borneo Chartered Company">partie nord-ouest de l’île</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bruhat_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruhat-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>L’épidémie de <a href="/wiki/Peste_bubonique" title="Peste bubonique">peste bubonique</a> qui ravage l'<a href="/wiki/Raj_britannique" title="Raj britannique">empire britannique des Indes</a> depuis quatre ans marque le pas<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>En décembre, fin de la <a href="/wiki/Famine_en_Inde_de_1899%E2%80%931900" class="mw-redirect" title="Famine en Inde de 1899–1900">famine en Inde</a> qui a fait entre 1 et 4,5 millions de morts depuis 1899<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chine">Chine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Chine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Chine"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/27_mai" title="27 mai">27 mai</a>&#160;: une force de plus de 10&#160;000 <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_des_Boxers" title="Révolte des Boxers">Boxers</a> prend <a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Zhili</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dillon_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_mai" title="31 mai">31 mai</a>&#160;: les légations étrangères en Chine sont renforcées par des <a href="/wiki/Alliance_des_huit_nations" title="Alliance des huit nations">troupes européennes, américaines et japonaises</a>&#160;; le <a href="/wiki/6_juin" title="6 juin">6 juin</a>, les Boxers sont battus par les troupes alliées devant <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dillon_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:SeymourTianjin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SeymourTianjin.jpg/220px-SeymourTianjin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SeymourTianjin.jpg/330px-SeymourTianjin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SeymourTianjin.jpg/440px-SeymourTianjin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/10_juin" title="10 juin">10 juin</a>&#160;: l’amiral <a href="/wiki/Edouard_Hobart_Seymour" class="mw-redirect" title="Edouard Hobart Seymour">Seymour</a> à <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_juin" title="10 juin">10</a> - <a href="/wiki/26_juin" title="26 juin">26 juin</a>&#160;: les résidents étrangers et les représentants des puissances tentent de résister. L’amiral anglais <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hobart_Seymour" title="Edward Hobart Seymour">Seymour</a> marche de <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> sur <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9kin" title="Pékin">Pékin</a> à la tête de deux mille hommes mais doit battre en retraite<sup id="cite_ref-Roux_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roux-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_juin" title="13 juin">13 juin</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9kin" title="Pékin">Pékin</a>&#160;: les Boxers massacrent les prêtres et les chrétiens indigènes<sup id="cite_ref-Milza_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milza-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le <a href="/wiki/14_juin" title="14 juin">lendemain</a>, ils assaillent les légations<sup id="cite_ref-Dillon_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_juin" title="17 juin">17 juin</a>&#160;: les <a href="/wiki/Alliance_des_huit_nations" title="Alliance des huit nations">puissances étrangères</a> s’<a href="/wiki/Bataille_des_forts_de_Taku" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataille des forts de Taku">emparent des forts de Taku</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bodin_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodin-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_juin" title="20 juin">20 juin</a>&#160;: le ministre allemand <a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Ketteler" class="mw-redirect" title="Klemens von Ketteler">Klemens von Ketteler</a> est assassiné<sup id="cite_ref-Dillon_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Début du siège des légations à Pékin<sup id="cite_ref-Milza_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milza-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <i><a href="/wiki/Les_55_Jours_de_P%C3%A9kin" title="Les 55 Jours de Pékin">Les 55 Jours de Pékin</a></i> voient la résistance de 1&#160;075 civils, 450 militaires européens et japonais, et 2&#160;300 Chinois christianisés contre les Boxers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_juin" title="21 juin">21 juin</a>&#160;: l’impératrice <a href="/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi">Cixi</a> déclare officiellement la guerre aux <a href="/wiki/Alliance_des_huit_nations" title="Alliance des huit nations">puissances étrangères</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bodin_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodin-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle encourage l’agitation des sociétés secrètes anti-européennes, mais son action n’est pas suivie par les vice-rois du Sud et du <a href="/wiki/Yangzi_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangzi Jiang">Yangzi Jiang</a>, ni même par <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a>, alors gouverneur du <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a><sup id="cite_ref-Roux_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roux-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_juin" title="22 juin">22 juin</a>&#160;: découverte des <a href="/wiki/Manuscrits_de_Dunhuang" title="Manuscrits de Dunhuang">manuscrits de Dunhuang</a>, datés de <a href="/wiki/406" title="406">406</a> à <a href="/wiki/1002" title="1002">1002</a>, écrits en chinois, tibétain et sanskrit, par <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yuanlu" title="Wang Yuanlu">Wang Yuanlu</a>, un moine taoïste chinois dans une <a href="/wiki/Grottes_de_Mogao" title="Grottes de Mogao">grotte</a> de l’oasis<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_juillet" title="3 juillet">3 juillet</a>&#160;: deuxième note de <a href="/wiki/John_Hay_(homme_politique_am%C3%A9ricain)" title="John Hay (homme politique américain)">John Hay</a> sur la «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Doctrine_de_la_porte_ouverte" title="Doctrine de la porte ouverte">Porte ouverte</a>&#160;». Dans la crainte de voir les puissances européennes se partager la <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a>, les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> pressent ces puissances de respecter l’intégrité du territoire chinois et de s’en tenir à leur sphère d’influence<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:CaptureTianjin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CaptureTianjin.jpg/220px-CaptureTianjin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CaptureTianjin.jpg/330px-CaptureTianjin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CaptureTianjin.jpg/440px-CaptureTianjin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/14_juillet" title="14 juillet">14 juillet</a>&#160;: prise de <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13_juillet" title="13 juillet">13</a>-<a href="/wiki/14_juillet" title="14 juillet">14 juillet</a>&#160;: une expédition dirigée par le maréchal allemand <a href="/wiki/Alfred_von_Waldersee" title="Alfred von Waldersee">Alfred von Waldersee</a> prend <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_ao%C3%BBt" title="14 août">14 août</a>&#160;: les Occidentaux <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_P%C3%A9kin_(1900)" title="Bataille de Pékin (1900)">reprennent Pékin</a> qui est mise à sac. Fin des <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_des_Boxers" title="Révolte des Boxers">Cinquante-cinq Jours</a><sup id="cite_ref-Roux_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roux-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi">Cixi</a> fuit vers le <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, déguisée en paysanne. Des expéditions punitives sont organisées par les Allemands en Chine septentrionale. Le vieux <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhang" title="Li Hongzhang">Li Hongzhang</a>, nommé vice-roi du <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Zhili</a> négocie la paix avec les puissances. Les Russes profitent de la guerre pour occuper militairement la <a href="/wiki/Mandchourie" title="Mandchourie">Mandchourie</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_octobre" title="16 octobre">16 octobre</a>&#160;: signature de l’accord de Yangzi qui clôt la période de troubles en <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Soulèvement contre le recrutement militaire en <a href="/wiki/Mongolie" title="Mongolie">Mongolie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lőrincz_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lőrincz-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Initiative infructueuse des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> pour obtenir un bail sur la baie de Sansha (<a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>), face à <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Ta%C3%AFwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Île de Taïwan">Formose</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Europe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1er_janvier" title="1er janvier"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>&#160;janvier</a>&#160;: le <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch" title="Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch">Code civil allemand</a> (BGB= <i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch" title="Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch">Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch</a></i>) entre en vigueur<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_janvier" title="19 janvier">19 janvier</a>&#160;: gouvernement d’<a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Koerber" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernst von Koerber">Ernst von Koerber</a> en <a href="/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie" title="Autriche-Hongrie">Autriche-Hongrie</a> (fin le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1904-12-31" data-sort-value="1904-12-31">31 décembre 1904</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est chargé d’apaiser les tensions nationales dans l’empire.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_janvier" title="5 janvier">5 janvier</a>&#160;: le leader nationaliste irlandais <a href="/wiki/John_Redmond" title="John Redmond">John Edward Redmond</a> appelle au soulèvement contre l’autorité <a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">britannique</a><sup id="cite_ref-Rubin_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_f%C3%A9vrier" title="27 février">27</a>-<a href="/wiki/28_f%C3%A9vrier" title="28 février">28 février</a>&#160;: création au <a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> du <i>Labour Representation Commitee</i>, prélude à la fondation du <a href="/wiki/Parti_travailliste_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Parti travailliste (Royaume-Uni)">Parti travailliste</a> (<i>Labour Party</i>), dont <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a> devient le secrétaire. Il rassemble les représentants du <a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">TUC</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Federation">SDF</a>, des <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabiens</a> et du <a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Labour Party">parti indépendant du travail</a>. Il passe de 350&#160;000 adhérents à 850&#160;000 en <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1er_avril" title="1er avril"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>&#160;avril</a>&#160;: création en <a href="/wiki/Boh%C3%AAme" title="Bohême">Bohême</a> du parti populaire tchèque, couramment appelé «&#160;Parti réaliste&#160;», présidé par <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Masaryk" title="Tomáš Masaryk">Tomas Masaryk</a> en vue d’obtenir l’égalité des droits entre <a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemands</a> et <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_tch%C3%A8que" class="mw-redirect" title="République tchèque">Tchèques</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>59<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_avril" title="4 avril">4 avril</a>&#160;: échec d’un coup de feu tiré par le jeune <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Sipido" title="Jean-Baptiste Sipido">Jean-Baptiste Sipido</a> contre le <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">Prince de Galles</a> à la gare du Nord à <a href="/wiki/Bruxelles" title="Bruxelles">Bruxelles</a>, lors de la célébration de l’anniversaire du roi des Belges <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_II_(roi_des_Belges)" title="Léopold II (roi des Belges)">Léopold II</a><sup id="cite_ref-Rubin_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_avril" title="15 avril">15 avril</a> - <a href="/wiki/12_novembre" title="12 novembre">12 novembre</a>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Exposition_universelle_de_1900" title="Exposition universelle de 1900">exposition universelle de Paris</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avril_1900" title="Avril 1900">Avril</a>&#160;: crise économique en <a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a> due à la surproduction industrielle et à la spéculation (fin en <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_mai" title="6 mai">6 mai</a>&#160;: visite officielle de l’empereur <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_d%27Autriche" class="mw-redirect" title="François-Joseph d&#39;Autriche">François-Joseph d’Autriche</a> à <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> à l’occasion de la majorité du <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Prusse" title="Guillaume de Prusse">prince héritier</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>62<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L’empereur d’Autriche et <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_II_(empereur_allemand)" title="Guillaume II (empereur allemand)">Guillaume II d’Allemagne</a> réaffirment l’<a href="/wiki/Triplice" title="Triplice">alliance austro-allemande</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_juin" title="14 juin">14 juin</a>&#160;: loi navale en <a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a>, qui porte atteinte à la suprématie maritime britannique<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>63<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_juin" title="20 juin">20 juin</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="06-07" data-sort-value="06-07">7 juin</time> du calendrier julien)&#160;: le <a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">russe</a> devient la langue officielle de l’administration finlandaise<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>64<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_juillet" title="17 juillet">17 juillet</a>&#160;: première émigration de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9nine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lénine">Lénine</a> en <a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/Novembre_1905" title="Novembre 1905">novembre 1905</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>65<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_juillet" title="19 juillet">19 juillet</a>&#160;: mise en service de la première ligne du <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tro_de_Paris" title="Métro de Paris">métro parisien</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Porte_Maillot_(m%C3%A9tro_de_Paris)" title="Porte Maillot (métro de Paris)">Porte Maillot</a> et <a href="/wiki/Porte_de_Vincennes_(m%C3%A9tro_de_Paris)" title="Porte de Vincennes (métro de Paris)">Porte de Vincennes</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_juillet" title="29 juillet">29 juillet</a>&#160;: assassinat du roi <a href="/wiki/Humbert_Ier_d%27Italie" class="mw-redirect" title="Humbert Ier d&#39;Italie">Humbert <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> d’Italie</a> à <a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a> par l’anarchiste <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci" title="Gaetano Bresci">Gaetano Bresci</a><sup id="cite_ref-Rubin_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_octobre" title="17 octobre">17 octobre</a>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow" title="Bernhard von Bülow">Bernhard von Bülow</a> remplace comme chancelier du Reich allemand le prince <a href="/wiki/Chlodwig_de_Hohenlohe-Schillingsf%C3%BCrst" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlodwig de Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst">Chlodwig de Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst</a>, démissionnaire. Il s’assure l’appui d’une majorité de droite comprenant tous ceux qu’effraient les menaces sur l’ordre social (fin en <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>66<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_octobre" title="23 octobre">23 octobre</a>&#160;: gouvernement conservateur de <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Azc%C3%A1rraga_Palmero" title="Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero">Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero</a> en <a href="/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne">Espagne</a> (fin le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1901-03-06" data-sort-value="1901-03-06">6 mars 1901</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>67<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_d%C3%A9cembre" title="15 décembre">15 décembre</a>&#160;: fondation à <a href="/wiki/Bruxelles" title="Bruxelles">Bruxelles</a> du Bureau socialiste international<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Iskra_12-1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Iskra_12-1900.jpg/170px-Iskra_12-1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Iskra_12-1900.jpg/255px-Iskra_12-1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Iskra_12-1900.jpg/340px-Iskra_12-1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1755" data-file-height="2485" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/24_d%C3%A9cembre" title="24 décembre">24 décembre</a>&#160;: premier numéro de l’<i><a href="/wiki/Iskra" title="Iskra">Iskra</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/24_d%C3%A9cembre" title="24 décembre">24 décembre</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="12-11" data-sort-value="12-11">11 décembre</time> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>)&#160;: publication de l’<i><a href="/wiki/Iskra" title="Iskra">Iskra</a></i> («&#160;<i>l’Étincelle</i>&#160;») à <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>69<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> par le groupe constitué par <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9nine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lénine">Lénine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Martov" title="Julius Martov">Martov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Potressov" title="Alexandre Potressov">Potressov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgui_Plekhanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgui Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Axelrod" title="Pavel Axelrod">Axelrod</a> et <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ra_Zassoulitch" title="Véra Zassoulitch">Véra Zassoulitch</a>, pour lutter contre l’économisme (la limitation des revendications ouvrières au seul terrain de l’économie) et créer une structure de comités clandestins en <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a>.</li> <li>Fondation de <i>Huszadik Század</i> (<i>Vingtième Siècle</i>, 1900-<a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>), revue radicale hongroise dirigée par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guszt%C3%A1v_Gratz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gusztáv Gratz (page inexistante)">Gusztáv Gratz</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guszt%C3%A1v_Gratz" class="extiw" title="en:Gusztáv Gratz"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Gusztáv Gratz&#160;»">(en)</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Publication en <a href="/wiki/Finlande" title="Finlande">Finlande</a> de la Russie révolutionnaire (<i>Révolutsionnaïa Rossia</i>), organe des socialistes révolutionnaires<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest">Bucarest</a> subventionne les écoles des <a href="/wiki/Aroumains" title="Aroumains">Vlaks</a> de <a href="/wiki/Mac%C3%A9doine_(r%C3%A9gion)#Macédoine_ottomane" title="Macédoine (région)">Macédoine</a> (bergers nomades de langue latine) et réclame pour eux du <a href="/wiki/Patriarcat_%C5%93cum%C3%A9nique_de_Constantinople" title="Patriarcat œcuménique de Constantinople">Patriarcat de Constantinople</a> un statut religieux particulier<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>72<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_1900">Naissances en 1900</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1900" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 1900"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1900" title="Naissance en 1900">Naissance en 1900</a>. Voir également la catégorie&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1900" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1900">Naissance en 1900</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_1900"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1900"></span>Décès en 1900</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1900" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 1900"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé&#160;: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1900" title="Décès en 1900">Décès en 1900</a>. Voir également la catégorie&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1900" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1900">Décès en 1900</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reference-cadre" tabindex="0"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:35em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Milza-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Milza_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Milza_1-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Milza_1-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Milza2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Milza2014">Pierre Milza, <cite class="italique">Les relations internationales de 1871 à 1914</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Colin" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2014</time>, 224&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-60087-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-60087-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-60087-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=_b-GBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PAPT102">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+relations+internationales+de+1871+%C3%A0+1914&amp;rft.pub=Armand+Colin&amp;rft.aulast=Milza&amp;rft.aufirst=Pierre&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.tpages=224&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-200-60087-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2010"><cite class="italique">Histoire de la Société des Missions Africaines (SMA) 1856-1907. Des années 1890 à 1907</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-3325-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-3325-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-3325-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=zju3v9yuYHQC&amp;pg=PA287">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Missions+Africaines+%28SMA%29+1856-1907.+Des+ann%C3%A9es+1890+%C3%A0+1907&amp;rft.pub=Karthala&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-8111-3325-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sani_Umar2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Muhammad_Sani_Umar2006">Muhammad Sani Umar, <cite class="italique">Islam And Colonialism&#160;: Intellectual Responses of Muslims of Northern Nigeria to British Colonial Rule</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;5, BRILL, <time>2006</time>, 295&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-13946-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-13946-6"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-13946-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=u0oHqOooEfAC&amp;pg=PA220">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Islam+And+Colonialism+%3A+Intellectual+Responses+of+Muslims+of+Northern+Nigeria+to+British+Colonial+Rule&amp;rft.pub=BRILL&amp;rft.au=Muhammad+Sani+Umar&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.tpages=295&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-13946-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nouhou_Alhadji2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bousta_Nouhou_Alhadji2005">Bousta Nouhou Alhadji, <cite class="italique">Islam et politique au Nigéria&#160;: Genèse et évolution de la chari'a</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>2005</time>, 286&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-3958-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-3958-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-3958-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=b08YBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA114">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Islam+et+politique+au+Nig%C3%A9ria&amp;rft.pub=Karthala&amp;rft.stitle=Gen%C3%A8se+et+%C3%A9volution+de+la+chari%27a&amp;rft.au=Bousta+Nouhou+Alhadji&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.tpages=286&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-8111-3958-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pottier1947"><span class="ouvrage" id="René_Pottier1947">René Pottier, <cite class="italique">Histoire du Sahara</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Nouvelles_%C3%89ditions_latines" title="Nouvelles Éditions latines">Nouvelles Éditions Latines</a>, <time>1947</time>, 334&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7233-0859-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7233-0859-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7233-0859-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Ii4dYwOtdXAC&amp;pg=PA284">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+du+Sahara&amp;rft.pub=Nouvelles+%C3%89ditions+Latines&amp;rft.aulast=Pottier&amp;rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&amp;rft.date=1947&amp;rft.tpages=334&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7233-0859-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Low-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Low_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Low2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="D._A._Low2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> D. A. Low, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Fabrication of empire&#160;: the British and the Uganda kingdoms, 1890-1902</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2009</time>, 361&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-84351-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-84351-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-84351-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=AfeOgQlJhJAC&amp;pg=PA265">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Fabrication+of+empire&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.stitle=the+British+and+the+Uganda+kingdoms%2C+1890-1902&amp;rft.aulast=Low&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+A.&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.tpages=361&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-84351-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pasteur.mg/a-propos/histoire/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">17 mars 1898&#160;: Création de l’Institut vaccinogène et antirabique de Tananarive</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">www.pasteur.mg</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Chrétien,_Jean-Louis_Triaud1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Pierre_Chrétien,_Jean-Louis_Triaud1999">Jean-Pierre Chrétien, Jean-Louis Triaud, <cite class="italique">Histoire d'Afrique&#160;: les enjeux de mémoire</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>1999</time>, 503&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86537-904-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86537-904-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-86537-904-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=EwjjGtHsaZsC&amp;pg=PA161">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+d%27Afrique&amp;rft.pub=Karthala&amp;rft.stitle=les+enjeux+de+m%C3%A9moire&amp;rft.au=Jean-Pierre+Chr%C3%A9tien%2C+Jean-Louis+Triaud&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.tpages=503&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-86537-904-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kermorgant1901"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alexandre_Kermorgant1901"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Kermorgant" title="Alexandre Kermorgant">Alexandre Kermorgant</a>, <cite class="italique">Épidémie de fièvre jaune du Sénégal, du 16 avril 1900 au 28 février 1901</cite>, Impr. nationale, <time>1901</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=wihIQwAACAAJ">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%C3%89pid%C3%A9mie+de+fi%C3%A8vre+jaune+du+S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal%2C+du+16+avril+1900+au+28+f%C3%A9vrier+1901&amp;rft.pub=Impr.+nationale&amp;rft.aulast=Kermorgant&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexandre&amp;rft.date=1901&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nemo-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Nemo_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BonnichonGenyNemo2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_BonnichonPierre_GenyJean_Nemo2012">Philippe Bonnichon, Pierre Geny et Jean Nemo, <cite class="italique">Présences françaises outre-mer (<abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="21ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XXI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècles)&#160;: Histoire&#160;: périodes et continents</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;1, <time>2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-0736-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-0736-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-0736-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=caB7AAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA536">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pr%C3%A9sences+fran%C3%A7aises+outre-mer+%28XVIe%E2%80%89%E2%80%93%E2%80%89XXIe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cles%29&amp;rft.stitle=Histoire+%3A+p%C3%A9riodes+et+continents&amp;rft.aulast=Bonnichon&amp;rft.aufirst=Philippe&amp;rft.au=Pierre+Geny&amp;rft.au=Jean+Nemo&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-8111-0736-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wolf1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Wolf1994">Jean Wolf, <cite class="italique">Les secrets du Maroc espagnol&#160;: l'épopée d'Abd-el-Khaleq Torrès</cite>, Eddif, <time>1994</time>, 368&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7158-1050-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7158-1050-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7158-1050-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=K-kvOWBhGuUC&amp;pg=PA74">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+secrets+du+Maroc+espagnol&amp;rft.pub=Eddif&amp;rft.stitle=l%27%C3%A9pop%C3%A9e+d%27Abd-el-Khaleq+Torr%C3%A8s&amp;rft.aulast=Wolf&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.tpages=368&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7158-1050-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roche2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian_Roche2011">Christian Roche, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique noire et la France au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle&#160;: conquêtes et résistances</cite>, Paris, Karthala Éditions, <time>2011</time>, 222&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-0493-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-0493-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-0493-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=d0wVL2wELvkC&amp;pg=PA61">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+noire+et+la+France+au+XIXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Karthala+%C3%89ditions&amp;rft.stitle=conqu%C3%AAtes+et+r%C3%A9sistances&amp;rft.aulast=Roche&amp;rft.aufirst=Christian&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.tpages=222&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-8111-0493-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Saquet2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Jacques_Saquet2000">Jean-Jacques Saquet, <cite class="italique">De l'Union minière du Haut-Katanga à la Gécamines&#160;: mémoires et documents</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" title="Éditions L&#39;Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2000</time>, 241&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-9776-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-9776-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7384-9776-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=-vfy6SX_kgMC&amp;pg=PA11">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=De+l%27Union+mini%C3%A8re+du+Haut-Katanga+%C3%A0+la+G%C3%A9camines&amp;rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&amp;rft.stitle=m%C3%A9moires+et+documents&amp;rft.aulast=Saquet&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.tpages=241&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7384-9776-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2006"><cite class="italique">Conflictos étnicos y gobernabilidad&#160;: Guinea Ecuatorial</cite>, Ediciones carena, <time>2006</time>, 195&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-84-96357-26-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-84-96357-26-6"><span class="nowrap">978-84-96357-26-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=RlA9bhn6MEQC&amp;pg=PA69">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Conflictos+%C3%A9tnicos+y+gobernabilidad&amp;rft.pub=Ediciones+carena&amp;rft.stitle=Guinea+Ecuatorial&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.tpages=195&amp;rft.isbn=978-84-96357-26-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Boukari-Yabara2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Amzat_Boukari-Yabara2014">Amzat Boukari-Yabara, <cite class="italique">Africa Unite&#160;!&#160;: Une histoire du panafricanisme</cite>, <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9couverte" title="La Découverte">La Découverte</a>, <time>2014</time>, 356&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7071-8514-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7071-8514-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7071-8514-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=vrPTBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PAPT48">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Africa+Unite+%21&amp;rft.pub=La+D%C3%A9couverte&amp;rft.stitle=Une+histoire+du+panafricanisme&amp;rft.aulast=Boukari-Yabara&amp;rft.aufirst=Amzat&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.tpages=356&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7071-8514-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lanne1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Lanne1995">Bernard Lanne, <cite class="italique">Répertoire de l’administration territoriale du Tchad (1900-1994)</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" title="Éditions L&#39;Harmattan">Éditions l'Harmattan</a>, <time>1995</time>, 222&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-3600-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-3600-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7384-3600-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=NGESCqhnMIAC&amp;pg=PA15">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+de+l%E2%80%99administration+territoriale+du+Tchad+%281900-1994%29&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+l%27Harmattan&amp;rft.aulast=Lanne&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.tpages=222&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7384-3600-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bouveresse2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacques_Bouveresse2008">Jacques Bouveresse, <cite class="italique">Un parlement colonial&#160;: les délégations financières algériennes, 1898-1945</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;1, Publication Univ Rouen Havre, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87775-876-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87775-876-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87775-876-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=bmVMk4-gPdUC&amp;pg=PA72">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Un+parlement+colonial+%3A+les+d%C3%A9l%C3%A9gations+financi%C3%A8res+alg%C3%A9riennes%2C+1898-1945&amp;rft.pub=Publication+Univ+Rouen+Havre&amp;rft.aulast=Bouveresse&amp;rft.aufirst=Jacques&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-87775-876-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Chastanet2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Monique_Chastanet2008">Monique Chastanet, <cite class="italique">Entre la parole et l'écrit&#160;: contributions à l'histoire de l'Afrique en hommage à <a href="/wiki/Claude-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Perrot" title="Claude-Hélène Perrot">Claude-Hélène Perrot</a></cite>, Karthala, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>2008</time>, 270&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84586-994-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84586-994-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84586-994-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=OJmQiQnjWgkC&amp;pg=PA95">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Entre+la+parole+et+l%27%C3%A9crit+%3A+contributions+%C3%A0+l%27histoire+de+l%27Afrique+en+hommage+%C3%A0+Claude-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne+Perrot&amp;rft.place=Karthala&amp;rft.pub=Karthala&amp;rft.aulast=Chastanet&amp;rft.aufirst=Monique&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.tpages=270&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-84586-994-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gregory1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robert_G._Gregory1993">Robert G. Gregory, <cite class="italique">Quest for Equality&#160;: Asian Politics in East Africa, 1900-1967</cite>, Orient Blackswan, <time>1993</time>, 231&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-86311-208-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-86311-208-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-86311-208-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Vl8tMabf5KUC&amp;pg=PA32">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Quest+for+Equality&amp;rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&amp;rft.stitle=Asian+Politics+in+East+Africa%2C+1900-1967&amp;rft.aulast=Gregory&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.tpages=231&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-86311-208-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_20-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_20-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wilson2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="A.N._Wilson2011">A.N. Wilson, <cite class="italique">The Victorians</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, <time>2011</time>, 752&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4464-9320-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4464-9320-5"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4464-9320-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=IH_eVPFSuxMC&amp;pg=PA611">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Victorians&amp;rft.pub=Random+House&amp;rft.aulast=Wilson&amp;rft.aufirst=A.N.&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.tpages=752&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4464-9320-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lemarchand1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_Lemarchand1994">Philippe Lemarchand, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique et l'Europe&#160;: Atlas du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Complexe" title="Éditions Complexe">Éditions Complexe</a>, <time>1994</time>, 251&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87027-518-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87027-518-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87027-518-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=H5pFcWhCyU8C&amp;pg=PA138">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+et+l%27Europe&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Complexe&amp;rft.stitle=Atlas+du+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%2220%E1%B5%89+si%C3%A8cle%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22%3EXX%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3A72%25%22%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&amp;rft.aulast=Lemarchand&amp;rft.aufirst=Philippe&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.tpages=251&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-87027-518-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wessels-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-9">j</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Wessels_22-10">k</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wessels2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="André́_Wessels2011">André́ Wessels, <cite class="italique">The Anglo-Boer War 1889-1902&#160;: White Man's War, Black Man's War, Traumatic War</cite>, AFRICAN SUN MeDIA, <time>2011</time>, 213&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-920383-27-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-920383-27-5"><span class="nowrap">978-1-920383-27-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=yKgKAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA165">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Anglo-Boer+War+1889-1902&amp;rft.pub=AFRICAN+SUN+MeDIA&amp;rft.stitle=White+Man%27s+War%2C+Black+Man%27s+War%2C+Traumatic+War&amp;rft.aulast=Wessels&amp;rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9%CC%81&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.tpages=213&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-920383-27-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fremont-Barnes2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gregory_Fremont-Barnes2003">Gregory Fremont-Barnes, <cite class="italique">The Boer War 1899-1902</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;52, <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>, <time>2003</time>, 96&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-84176-396-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-84176-396-5"><span class="nowrap">978-1-84176-396-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=h9wbSjpIMPwC&amp;pg=PA56">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Boer+War+1899-1902&amp;rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&amp;rft.aulast=Fremont-Barnes&amp;rft.aufirst=Gregory&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.volume=52&amp;rft.tpages=96&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84176-396-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kersaudy-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kersaudy_24-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Kersaudy_24-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kersaudy2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Kersaudy2015"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Kersaudy" title="François Kersaudy">François Kersaudy</a>, <cite class="italique">Winston Churchill</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Tallandier" title="Éditions Tallandier">Tallandier</a>, <time>2015</time>, 704&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/979-10-210-0841-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/979-10-210-0841-0"><span class="nowrap">979-10-210-0841-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=mLlSCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PAPT119">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Winston+Churchill&amp;rft.pub=Tallandier&amp;rft.aulast=Kersaudy&amp;rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.tpages=704&amp;rft.isbn=979-10-210-0841-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">André́ Wessels, <i>op. cit</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Collectif2013">Collectif, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal">Entrepreneurs, ajustement et démocratie</cite>&#160;», <i><a href="/wiki/Politique_africaine" title="Politique africaine">Politique africaine</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;56,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-06" data-sort-value="2013-06">juin 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-0147-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-0147-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-0147-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=xNuv2wurl8oC&amp;pg=PA155">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Entrepreneurs%2C+ajustement+et+d%C3%A9mocratie&amp;rft.jtitle=Politique+africaine&amp;rft.issue=56&amp;rft.au=Collectif&amp;rft.date=2013-06&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-8111-0147-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">André́ Wessels, <i>op. cit</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="KotekRigoulot2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joël_KotekPierre_Rigoulot2000">Joël Kotek et Pierre Rigoulot, <cite class="italique">Le siècle des camps</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Jean-Claude_Latt%C3%A8s" title="Éditions Jean-Claude Lattès">JC Lattès</a>, <time>2000</time>, 805&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7096-4155-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7096-4155-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7096-4155-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=82gRsP5t4IIC&amp;pg=PAPT75">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Le+si%C3%A8cle+des+camps&amp;rft.pub=JC+Latt%C3%A8s&amp;rft.aulast=Kotek&amp;rft.aufirst=Jo%C3%ABl&amp;rft.au=Pierre+Rigoulot&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.tpages=805&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7096-4155-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Showalter-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Showalter_29-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Showalter_29-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Showalter2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dennis_Showalter2013">Dennis Showalter, <cite class="italique">Encyclopedia of Warfare. Imperial Wars 1815–1914</cite>, Amber Books Ltd, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-78274-125-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-78274-125-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-78274-125-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=AvKxAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PAPT252">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Warfare.+Imperial+Wars+1815%E2%80%931914&amp;rft.pub=Amber+Books+Ltd&amp;rft.aulast=Showalter&amp;rft.aufirst=Dennis&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-78274-125-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">André́ Wessels, <i>op. cit</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bouvier1968"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Bouvier1968">Jean Bouvier, <cite class="italique">Histoire économique et histoire sociale&#160;: Recherches sur le capitalisme contemporain</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Librairie_Droz" title="Librairie Droz">Librairie Droz</a>, <time>1968</time>, 285&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-600-04042-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-600-04042-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-600-04042-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=ujDVc3VjUnUC&amp;pg=PA236">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+%C3%A9conomique+et+histoire+sociale&amp;rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&amp;rft.stitle=Recherches+sur+le+capitalisme+contemporain&amp;rft.aulast=Bouvier&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft.tpages=285&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-600-04042-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Clark1975"><span class="ouvrage" id="Truman_R._Clark1975">Truman R. Clark, <cite class="italique">Puerto Rico and the United States, 1917-1933</cite>, University of Pittsburgh Pre, <time>1975</time>, 254&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8229-7605-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8229-7605-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8229-7605-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=tDZtGZoFSGYC&amp;pg=PA6">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Puerto+Rico+and+the+United+States%2C+1917-1933&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Pre&amp;rft.aulast=Clark&amp;rft.aufirst=Truman+R.&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.tpages=254&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8229-7605-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="HenaoArrubla1920"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jesús_María_HenaoGerardo_Arrubla1920">Jesús María <span class="nom_auteur">Henao</span> et Gerardo Arrubla, <cite class="italique">Historia de Colombia para la enseñanza secundaria</cite>, Librería Colombiana, C. Roldán &amp; Tamayo, <time>1920</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=4CzVAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA565">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historia+de+Colombia+para+la+ense%C3%B1anza+secundaria&amp;rft.pub=Librer%C3%ADa+Colombiana%2C+C.+Rold%C3%A1n+%26+Tamayo&amp;rft.aulast=Henao&amp;rft.aufirst=Jes%C3%BAs+Mar%C3%ADa&amp;rft.au=Gerardo+Arrubla&amp;rft.date=1920&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Antilles-Guyane._Centre_d&#39;études_et_de_recherches_caraibéennes2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Université_Antilles-Guyane._Centre_d&#39;études_et_de_recherches_caraibéennes2004">Université Antilles-Guyane. Centre d'études et de recherches caraibéennes, <cite class="italique">La Caraïbe au tournant de deux siècles&#160;: commémoration du premier centenaire de la guerre hispano-cubano-américaine et de la république de Cuba, 1902</cite>, Khartala, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84586-508-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84586-508-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84586-508-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=vp4tGoVQnS8C&amp;pg=PA41">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+Cara%C3%AFbe+au+tournant+de+deux+si%C3%A8cles+%3A+comm%C3%A9moration+du+premier+centenaire+de+la+guerre+hispano-cubano-am%C3%A9ricaine+et+de+la+r%C3%A9publique+de+Cuba%2C+1902&amp;rft.pub=Khartala&amp;rft.au=Universit%C3%A9+Antilles-Guyane.+Centre+d%27%C3%A9tudes+et+de+recherches+caraib%C3%A9ennes&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-84586-508-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="DayGaido2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_B._DayDaniel_Gaido2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Richard B. Day et Daniel Gaido, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Discovering Imperialism&#160;: Social Democracy to World War I</cite>, Leiden/Boston, BRILL, <time>2011</time>, 951&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-20156-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-20156-9"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-20156-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=kkQhLpqk1XEC&amp;pg=PA154">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Discovering+Imperialism&amp;rft.place=Leiden%2FBoston&amp;rft.pub=BRILL&amp;rft.stitle=Social+Democracy+to+World+War+I&amp;rft.aulast=Day&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+B.&amp;rft.au=Daniel+Gaido&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.tpages=951&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-20156-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="La_Fontaine1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Henri_La_Fontaine1997">Henri La Fontaine, <cite class="italique">Pasicrisie Internationale 1794-1900&#160;: Histoire documentaire des arbitrages internationaux</cite>, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, <time>1997</time>, 670&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-411-0454-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-411-0454-0"><span class="nowrap">978-90-411-0454-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=eAACk7DmRCkC&amp;pg=PA564">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pasicrisie+Internationale+1794-1900+%3A+Histoire+documentaire+des+arbitrages+internationaux&amp;rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&amp;rft.au=Henri+La+Fontaine&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.tpages=670&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-411-0454-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Notehelfer2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="F._G._Notehelfer2011">F. G. Notehelfer, <cite class="italique">Kotoku Shusui&#160;: Portrait of a Japanese Radical</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2011</time>, 240&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-13148-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-13148-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-13148-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=TtGevM22-j0C&amp;pg=PA64">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Kotoku+Shusui&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.stitle=Portrait+of+a+Japanese+Radical&amp;rft.aulast=Notehelfer&amp;rft.aufirst=F.+G.&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.tpages=240&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-13148-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Niue.htm">Niue World Statesmen.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lee2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anne_Lee2011">Anne Lee, <cite class="italique">The Hawaii State Constitution</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2011</time>, 280&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-987796-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-987796-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-987796-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=UvdoAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA8">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Hawaii+State+Constitution&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Lee&amp;rft.aufirst=Anne&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.tpages=280&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-987796-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beede-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Beede_40-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Beede2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Benjamin_R._Beede2013">Benjamin R. Beede, <cite class="italique">The War of 1898 and U.S. Interventions, 1898-1934&#160;: An Encyclopedia</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2013</time>, 784&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-136-74690-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-136-74690-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-136-74690-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=rg6BAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA531">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+War+of+1898+and+U.S.+Interventions%2C+1898-1934&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.stitle=An+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.aulast=Beede&amp;rft.aufirst=Benjamin+R.&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.tpages=784&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-136-74690-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halili-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Halili_41-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Halili2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christine_N._Halili2004">Christine N. Halili, <cite class="italique">Philippine History</cite>, Rex Bookstore, Inc.,, <time>2004</time>, 354&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-971-23-3934-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-971-23-3934-9"><span class="nowrap">978-971-23-3934-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC&amp;pg=PA179">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Philippine+History&amp;rft.pub=Rex+Bookstore%2C+Inc.%2C&amp;rft.aulast=Halili&amp;rft.aufirst=Christine+N.&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.tpages=354&amp;rft.isbn=978-971-23-3934-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="PageSonnenburg2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Melvin_E._PagePenny_M._Sonnenburg2003">Melvin E. Page et Penny M. Sonnenburg, <cite class="italique">Colonialism&#160;: an international, social, cultural, and political encyclopedia</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;1, <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, <time>2003</time>, 1208&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-57607-335-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-57607-335-3"><span class="nowrap">978-1-57607-335-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC&amp;pg=PA903">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Colonialism+%3A+an+international%2C+social%2C+cultural%2C+and+political+encyclopedia&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.aulast=Page&amp;rft.aufirst=Melvin+E.&amp;rft.au=Penny+M.+Sonnenburg&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.tpages=1208&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-57607-335-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hellot-Bellier2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Florence_Hellot-Bellier2007">Florence Hellot-Bellier, <cite class="italique">France-Iran&#160;: quatre cents ans de dialogue</cite>, Paris, Association pour l'avancement des études iraniennes, <time>2007</time>, 828&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-910640-20-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-910640-20-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-910640-20-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=essRAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=11+août+1900&amp;pg=PA202">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=France-Iran&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Association+pour+l%27avancement+des+%C3%A9tudes+iraniennes&amp;rft.stitle=quatre+cents+ans+de+dialogue&amp;rft.aulast=Hellot-Bellier&amp;rft.aufirst=Florence&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.tpages=828&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-910640-20-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruhat-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bruhat_44-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bruhat1976"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Bruhat1976">Jean Bruhat, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'Indonésie</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France" title="Presses universitaires de France">P.U.F.</a>, <time>1976</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=HGYdAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=1900&amp;pg=PA61">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Indon%C3%A9sie&amp;rft.pub=P.U.F.&amp;rft.aulast=Bruhat&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean&amp;rft.date=1976&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kidambi2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Prashant_Kidambi2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Prashant Kidambi, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The making of an Indian metropolis&#160;: colonial governance and public culture in Bombay, 1890-1920</cite>, Aldershot, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., <time>2007</time>, 268&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7546-5612-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7546-5612-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7546-5612-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=N2O76-0buuUC&amp;pg=PA50">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+making+of+an+Indian+metropolis&amp;rft.place=Aldershot&amp;rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&amp;rft.stitle=colonial+governance+and+public+culture+in+Bombay%2C+1890-1920&amp;rft.aulast=Kidambi&amp;rft.aufirst=Prashant&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.tpages=268&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7546-5612-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dyson1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tim_Dyson1991">Tim Dyson, <cite class="italique">On the Demography of South Asian Famines</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;1, Population Studies, <time>1991</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000145056">10.1080/0032472031000145056</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-4728%28199103%2945%3A1%3C5%3AOTDOSA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V">présentation en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;15<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=On+the+Demography+of+South+Asian+Famines&amp;rft.pub=Population+Studies&amp;rft.aulast=Dyson&amp;rft.aufirst=Tim&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.pages=15&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0032472031000145056&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dillon-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dillon_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dillon_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dillon_47-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Dillon_47-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dillon2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_Dillon2012">Michael Dillon, <cite class="italique">China&#160;: A Modern History</cite>, <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>, <time>2012</time>, 504&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-78076-381-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-78076-381-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-78076-381-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=4aAk2rduE9wC&amp;pg=PA125">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=China&amp;rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&amp;rft.stitle=A+Modern+History&amp;rft.aulast=Dillon&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.tpages=504&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-78076-381-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roux-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Roux_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roux_48-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Roux_48-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roux2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alain_Roux2006">Alain Roux, <cite class="italique">La Chine au <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Colin" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2006</time>, 256&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-35602-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-35602-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-35602-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=41c1nozQvI4C&amp;pg=PAPT23">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+Chine+au+XXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&amp;rft.pub=Armand+Colin&amp;rft.aulast=Roux&amp;rft.aufirst=Alain&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.tpages=256&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-200-35602-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bodin-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bodin_49-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Bodin_49-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bodin1979"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lynn_E._Bodin1979">Lynn E. Bodin, <cite class="italique">The Boxer Rebellion</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>, <time>1979</time>, 48&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-85045-335-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-85045-335-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-85045-335-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=2YleP1OP4HsC&amp;pg=PA13">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Boxer+Rebellion&amp;rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&amp;rft.aulast=Bodin&amp;rft.aufirst=Lynn+E.&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft.tpages=48&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-85045-335-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1984"><cite class="italique">Les peintures murales et les manuscrits de Dunhuang&#160;: colloque franco-chinois organisé par la Fondation Singer-Polignac à Paris, les 21, 22 et 23 février 1983</cite>, Éditions de la Fondation Singer-Polignac, <time>1984</time>, 150&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-900927-14-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-900927-14-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-900927-14-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=wbJWAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=%2222+juin+1900+%22&amp;pg=PA12">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+peintures+murales+et+les+manuscrits+de+Dunhuang+%3A+colloque+franco-chinois+organis%C3%A9+par+la+Fondation+Singer-Polignac+%C3%A0+Paris%2C+les+21%2C+22+et+23+f%C3%A9vrier+1983&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+de+la+Fondation+Singer-Polignac&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.tpages=150&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-900927-14-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Heffer1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Heffer1995">Jean Heffer, <cite class="italique">Les États-Unis et le Pacifique</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Albin_Michel" title="Éditions Albin Michel">Albin Michel</a>, <time>1995</time>, 512&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-226-19877-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-226-19877-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-226-19877-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=rXFzvFrAxVgC&amp;pg=PA213">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+%C3%89tats-Unis+et+le+Pacifique&amp;rft.pub=Albin+Michel&amp;rft.aulast=Heffer&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.tpages=512&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-226-19877-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Raugh2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Harold_E._Raugh2004">Harold E. Raugh, <cite class="italique">The Victorians at War, 1815-1914&#160;: An Encyclopedia of British Military History</cite>, <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, <time>2004</time>, 405&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-57607-925-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-57607-925-6"><span class="nowrap">978-1-57607-925-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=HvE_Pa_ZlfsC&amp;pg=PA58">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Victorians+at+War%2C+1815-1914&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.stitle=An+Encyclopedia+of+British+Military+History&amp;rft.aulast=Raugh&amp;rft.aufirst=Harold+E.&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.tpages=405&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-57607-925-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Miller2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gregory_D._Miller2012">Gregory D. Miller, <cite class="italique">The Shadow of the Past&#160;: reputation and military alliances before the First World War</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>, <time>2012</time>, 248&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8014-6460-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8014-6460-7"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8014-6460-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=2hJSUiH4LZYC&amp;pg=PA67">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Shadow+of+the+Past+%3A+reputation+and+military+alliances+before+the+First+World+War&amp;rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Miller&amp;rft.aufirst=Gregory+D.&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.tpages=248&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8014-6460-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lőrincz-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Lőrincz_54-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lőrincz1984"><span class="ouvrage" id="László_Lőrincz1984">László Lőrincz, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la Mongolie&#160;: des origines à nos jours</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Akad%C3%A9miai_Kiad%C3%B3" title="Akadémiai Kiadó">Akadémiai Kiadó</a>, <time>1984</time>, 292&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-963-05-3381-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-963-05-3381-2"><span class="nowrap">978-963-05-3381-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=uTlwAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=1900&amp;pg=PA175">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Mongolie&amp;rft.pub=Akad%C3%A9miai+Kiad%C3%B3&amp;rft.stitle=des+origines+%C3%A0+nos+jours&amp;rft.aulast=L%C5%91rincz&amp;rft.aufirst=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.tpages=292&amp;rft.isbn=978-963-05-3381-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paterson,_J._Garry_Clifford,_Robert_Brigham,_Michael_Donoghue,_Kenneth_Hagan2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Thomas_Paterson,_J._Garry_Clifford,_Robert_Brigham,_Michael_Donoghue,_Kenneth_Hagan2014">Thomas Paterson, J. Garry Clifford, Robert Brigham, Michael Donoghue, Kenneth Hagan, <cite class="italique">American Foreign Relations&#160;: Since 1895</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;2, Cengage Learning, <time>2014</time>, 640&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-305-17722-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-305-17722-2"><span class="nowrap">978-1-305-17722-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=hkjAAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA29">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=American+Foreign+Relations&amp;rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&amp;rft.stitle=Since+1895&amp;rft.au=Thomas+Paterson%2C+J.+Garry+Clifford%2C+Robert+Brigham%2C+Michael+Donoghue%2C+Kenneth+Hagan&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.volume=2&amp;rft.tpages=640&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-305-17722-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MederDunckerCzelk2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stephan_MederArne_DunckerAndrea_Czelk2010">Stephan Meder, Arne Duncker et Andrea Czelk, <cite class="italique">Die Rechtsstellung der Frau um 1900&#160;: eine kommentierte Quellensammlung</cite>, Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, <time>2010</time>, 1105&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-412-20577-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-412-20577-5"><span class="nowrap">978-3-412-20577-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=gP_CfMbmFPQC&amp;pg=PA917">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Die+Rechtsstellung+der+Frau+um+1900&amp;rft.pub=B%C3%B6hlau+Verlag+K%C3%B6ln+Weimar&amp;rft.stitle=eine+kommentierte+Quellensammlung&amp;rft.aulast=Meder&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephan&amp;rft.au=Arne+Duncker&amp;rft.au=Andrea+Czelk&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.tpages=1105&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-412-20577-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charwath"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philipp_Charwath">Philipp Charwath, <cite class="italique">Der Untergang einer mittelmaBigen Macht, die GroBmacht sein wollte</cite>, epubli <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=VUVVKrU28FoC&amp;pg=PA247">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Der+Untergang+einer+mittelmaBigen+Macht%2C+die+GroBmacht+sein+wollte&amp;rft.pub=epubli&amp;rft.aulast=Charwath&amp;rft.aufirst=Philipp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubin-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Rubin_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin_58-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin_58-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rubin,_Judith_Colp_Rubin2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Barry_M._Rubin,_Judith_Colp_Rubin2008">Barry M. Rubin, Judith Colp Rubin, <cite class="italique">Chronologies of Modern Terrorism</cite>, M.E. Sharpe, <time>2008</time>, 415&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7656-2206-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7656-2206-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7656-2206-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=RIwBFpBi5noC&amp;pg=PA18">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chronologies+of+Modern+Terrorism&amp;rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&amp;rft.aulast=Rubin%2C+Judith+Colp+Rubin&amp;rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.tpages=415&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7656-2206-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kolarz1972"><span class="ouvrage" id="Walter_Kolarz1972">Walter Kolarz, <cite class="italique">Myths and realities in eastern Europe</cite>, Kennikat Press, <time>1972</time>, 273&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8046-1600-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8046-1600-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8046-1600-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=k1e2AAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=1900&amp;pg=PA142">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Myths+and+realities+in+eastern+Europe&amp;rft.pub=Kennikat+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Kolarz&amp;rft.aufirst=Walter&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.tpages=273&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8046-1600-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Yon2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Claude_Yon2010">Jean-Claude Yon, <cite class="italique">Histoire culturelle de la France au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Colin" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2010</time>, 320&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-25610-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-25610-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-25610-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=6tb4RSefqpMC&amp;pg=PAPT210">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+culturelle+de+la+France+au+XIXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&amp;rft.pub=Armand+Colin&amp;rft.aulast=Yon&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.tpages=320&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-200-25610-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1903"><cite class="italique">Études sociales</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;45, Société International de Science Sociale, <time>1903</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Hh1AAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=avril+1900&amp;pg=PA186">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%C3%89tudes+sociales&amp;rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+International+de+Science+Sociale&amp;rft.date=1903&amp;rft.volume=45&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1876"><cite class="italique">Autobiography of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dickson_White" title="Andrew Dickson White">Andrew Dickson White</a></cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;2, Library of Alexandria, <time>1876</time>, 151&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-61310-640-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-61310-640-2"><span class="nowrap">978-1-61310-640-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=XH_VGMSFfzAC&amp;pg=PAPT232">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Autobiography+of+Andrew+Dickson+White&amp;rft.pub=Library+of+Alexandria&amp;rft.date=1876&amp;rft.volume=2&amp;rft.tpages=151&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-61310-640-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="de_Belot1960"><span class="ouvrage" id="Raymond_de_Belot1960">Raymond de Belot, <cite class="italique">La puissance navale dans l'histoire</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;Éditions maritimes et coloniales, <time>1960</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=PT4PAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=14+juin+1900&amp;pg=PA234">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+puissance+navale+dans+l%27histoire&amp;rft.au=Raymond+de+Belot&amp;rft.date=1960&amp;rft.volume=%C3%89ditions+maritimes+et+coloniales&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1902"><cite class="italique">La Plum</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;16, s. l., <time>1902</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=HtQaAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=7/20&amp;pg=PA46">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+Plum&amp;rft.pub=s.+l.&amp;rft.date=1902&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mikhaĭlovich_Kerzhent︠s︡ev1937"><span class="ouvrage" id="Platon_Mikhaĭlovich_Kerzhent︠s︡ev1937">Platon Mikhaĭlovich Kerzhent︠s︡ev, <cite class="italique">Vie de Lénine</cite>, Éditions sociales internationales,&#8206; <time>1937</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=2G8bAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=1900&amp;pg=PA41">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vie+de+L%C3%A9nine&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+sociales+internationales&amp;rft.au=Platon+Mikha%C4%ADlovich+Kerzhent%EF%B8%A0s%EF%B8%A1ev&amp;rft.date=1937&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bogdan2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Henry_Bogdan2014">Henry Bogdan, <cite class="italique">Le Kaiser Guillaume II, dernier empereur d'Allemagne</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Tallandier" title="Éditions Tallandier">Tallandier</a>, <time>2014</time>, 304&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/979-10-210-0702-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/979-10-210-0702-4"><span class="nowrap">979-10-210-0702-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=U1q2AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PAPT54">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Le+Kaiser+Guillaume+II%2C+dernier+empereur+d%27Allemagne&amp;rft.pub=Tallandier&amp;rft.aulast=Bogdan&amp;rft.aufirst=Henry&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.tpages=304&amp;rft.isbn=979-10-210-0702-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ramón_de_Urquijo_y_Goitia2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="José_Ramón_de_Urquijo_y_Goitia2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> José Ramón de Urquijo y Goitia, <cite class="italique" lang="es">Gobiernos y ministros españoles en la edad contemporánea</cite>, Madrid, Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press, <time>2008</time>, 596&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-84-00-08737-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-84-00-08737-1"><span class="nowrap">978-84-00-08737-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Vp1TkdjkMh8C&amp;pg=PA86">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gobiernos+y+ministros+espa%C3%B1oles+en+la+edad+contempor%C3%A1nea&amp;rft.place=Madrid&amp;rft.pub=Editorial+CSIC+-+CSIC+Press&amp;rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Ram%C3%B3n+de+Urquijo+y+Goitia&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.tpages=596&amp;rft.isbn=978-84-00-08737-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Muller1980"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ivan_Muller1980">Ivan Muller, <cite class="italique">De la guerre&#160;: le discours de la Deuxième Internationale, 1889-1914</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Librairie_Droz" title="Librairie Droz">Librairie Droz</a>, <time>1980</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-600-04380-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-600-04380-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-600-04380-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=CxKjlm8EH70C&amp;pg=PA99">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=De+la+guerre+%3A+le+discours+de+la+Deuxi%C3%A8me+Internationale%2C+1889-1914&amp;rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&amp;rft.aulast=Muller&amp;rft.aufirst=Ivan&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-600-04380-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lenin2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="V._I._Lenin2008">V. I. Lenin, <cite class="italique">Lenin on Literature and Art</cite>, Wildside Press LLC, <time>2008</time>, 288&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4344-6401-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4344-6401-9"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4344-6401-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=7fFTstZGccQC&amp;pg=PA252">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lenin+on+Literature+and+Art&amp;rft.pub=Wildside+Press+LLC&amp;rft.aulast=Lenin&amp;rft.aufirst=V.+I.&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.tpages=288&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4344-6401-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Turda2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marius_Turda2014">Marius Turda, <cite class="italique">Eugenics and Nation in Early 20th Century Hungary</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, <time>2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-137-29354-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-137-29354-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-137-29354-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=bws6AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PAPT20">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Eugenics+and+Nation+in+Early+20th+Century+Hungary&amp;rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&amp;rft.aulast=Turda&amp;rft.aufirst=Marius&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-137-29354-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ilʹich_Lenin1967"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vladimir_Ilʹich_Lenin1967">Vladimir Ilʹich Lenin, <cite class="italique">Œuvres</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;10, Editions Sociales, <time>1967</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=aAEZAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=Rossia&amp;pg=PA549">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%C5%92uvres&amp;rft.pub=Editions+Sociales&amp;rft.au=Vladimir+Il%CA%B9ich+Lenin&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="CaronVernus2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Claude_CaronMichel_Vernus2011">Jean-Claude Caron et Michel Vernus, <cite class="italique">L'Europe au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle&#160;: Des nations aux nationalismes (1815-1914)</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Colin" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2011</time>, 496&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-27339-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-27339-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-27339-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=-SajZ2WZl2wC&amp;pg=PAPT339">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=L%27Europe+au+XIXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle+%3A+Des+nations+aux+nationalismes+%281815-1914%29&amp;rft.pub=Armand+Colin&amp;rft.aulast=Caron&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&amp;rft.au=Michel+Vernus&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.tpages=496&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-200-27339-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&#160;:</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1900?uselang=fr">1900</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wikisource"><a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:1900" class="extiw" title="s:Catégorie:1900">1900</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikisource</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="de_Coubertin1900"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_de_Coubertin1900"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique">La Chronique de France&#160;: <abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> année 1900</cite>, Auxerre-Paris, Imprimerie A. Lanier, <time>1900</time>, 235&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Chronique_de_France,_1900" class="extiw" title="s:La Chronique de France, 1900">lire sur Wikisource</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+Chronique+de+France&amp;rft.place=Auxerre-Paris&amp;rft.pub=Imprimerie+A.+Lanier&amp;rft.stitle=%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%22Premi%C3%A8re%22%3E1%3Csup%3Ere%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E+ann%C3%A9e+1900&amp;rft.au=Pierre+de+Coubertin&amp;rft.date=1900&amp;rft.tpages=235&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1900"></span></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/date/1900/">L’année 1900</a> sur le site de la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine" title="Portail du monde contemporain"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/27px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/36px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine" title="Portail:Époque contemporaine">Portail du monde contemporain</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Portail du XIXe&#160;siècle"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/48px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/72px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/96px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Portail:XIXe siècle">Portail du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1900" title="Portail des années 1900"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png/48px-1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png/72px-1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png/95px-1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1900" title="Portail:Années 1900">Portail des années 1900</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7556f8b5dd‐7spj7 Cached time: 20241122093533 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.756 seconds Real time usage: 0.908 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 11904/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 415488/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 95437/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 25/100 Expensive parser function count: 45/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 105716/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.211/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6106175/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 711.480 1 -total 40.78% 290.128 1 Modèle:Références_nombreuses 40.49% 288.104 1 Modèle:Références 29.18% 207.597 67 Modèle:Ouvrage 27.13% 193.046 1 Modèle:Palette_Années 26.67% 189.773 1 Modèle:Méta_infobox_navigation 18.31% 130.289 3 Modèle:Méta_infobox_navigation/Liste 17.78% 126.522 6 Modèle:Trim 17.46% 124.228 40 Modèle:Multiparamètres 11.41% 81.146 1 Modèle:Palette_Années/Géographique --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiki:pcache:idhash:3399-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122093533 and revision id 217182776. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de «&#160;<a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;oldid=217182776">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;oldid=217182776</a>&#160;».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégorie</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:1900" title="Catégorie:1900">1900</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_%C3%A0_traduction_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais">Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cat%C3%A9gorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_identique_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata">Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Époque contemporaine/Articles liés">Portail:Époque contemporaine/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:XIXe siècle/Articles liés">Portail:XIXe siècle/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1900/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Années 1900/Articles liés">Portail:Années 1900/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:XXe_si%C3%A8cle/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:XXe siècle/Articles liés">Portail:XXe siècle/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 28 juillet 2024 à 16:02.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a>&#160;: les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a>&#160;; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. Voyez les <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/fr">conditions d’utilisation</a> pour plus de détails, ainsi que les <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cr%C3%A9dits_graphiques" title="Wikipédia:Crédits graphiques">crédits graphiques</a>. En cas de réutilisation des textes de cette page, voyez <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer/1900" title="Spécial:Citer/1900">comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence</a>.<br /> Wikipedia® est une marque déposée de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organisation de bienfaisance régie par le paragraphe <a href="/wiki/501c" title="501c">501(c)(3)</a> du code fiscal des États-Unis.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politique de confidentialité</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia">À propos de Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux">Avertissements</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code de conduite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Développeurs</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/fr.wikipedia.org">Statistiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Déclaration sur les témoins (cookies)</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1900&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Version mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-hj2hv","wgBackendResponseTime":212,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.756","walltime":"0.908","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11904,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":415488,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":95437,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":45,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":105716,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 711.480 1 -total"," 40.78% 290.128 1 Modèle:Références_nombreuses"," 40.49% 288.104 1 Modèle:Références"," 29.18% 207.597 67 Modèle:Ouvrage"," 27.13% 193.046 1 Modèle:Palette_Années"," 26.67% 189.773 1 Modèle:Méta_infobox_navigation"," 18.31% 130.289 3 Modèle:Méta_infobox_navigation/Liste"," 17.78% 126.522 6 Modèle:Trim"," 17.46% 124.228 40 Modèle:Multiparamètres"," 11.41% 81.146 1 Modèle:Palette_Années/Géographique"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.211","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6106175,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-7spj7","timestamp":"20241122093533","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1900","url":"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1900","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2034","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2034","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-27T14:17:43Z","dateModified":"2024-07-28T15:02:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9e\/Mort_du_Commandant_Lamy.jpg","headline":"ann\u00e9e"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10