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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 102 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85" title="آي بي إم – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آي بي إم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آى بى ام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آى بى ام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آی‌بی‌ام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آی‌بی‌ام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE" title="আইবিএম – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইবিএম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85" title="ئای بی ئێم – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئای بی ئێم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آی‌بی‌ام – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آی‌بی‌ام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE" title="आईबीएम – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आईबीएम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machines" title="International Business Machines – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="International Business Machines" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D(%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D)" title="ಐಬಿಎಮ್(ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಯಂತ್ರಗಳು ಕಾರ್ಪೊರೇಷನ್) – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಐಬಿಎಮ್(ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಯಂತ್ರಗಳು ಕಾರ್ಪೊರೇಷನ್)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machines_Corporation" title="International Business Machines Corporation – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="International Business Machines Corporation" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – lyuksemburgcha" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lyuksemburgcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE" title="आइबिएम – maythili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आइबिएम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maythili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%91%D0%9C" title="ИБМ – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ИБМ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82." title="ഐ.ബി.എം. – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐ.ബി.എം." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF.%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80.%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE." title="आय.बी.एम. – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आय.बी.एम." data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE" title="आइबिएम – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आइबिएम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%87.%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF.%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%AE." title="ଆଇ.ବି.ଏମ. – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଇ.ବି.ଏମ." data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88.%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80.%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%AE" title="ਆਈ.ਬੀ.ਐਮ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਈ.ਬੀ.ਐਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آئی بی ایم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئی بی ایم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – shotland" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="shotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐபிஎம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐபிஎம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82" title="ఐబిఎం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐబిఎం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – tojik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tojik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1" title="ไอบีเอ็ม – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอบีเอ็ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آئی بی ایم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئی بی ایم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99.%D7%91%D7%99.%D7%A2%D7%9D." title="איי.בי.עם. – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איי.בי.עם." data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37156#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:IBM_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/220px-IBM_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/330px-IBM_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/440px-IBM_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>IBM logotipi</figcaption></figure> <p><b>International Business Machines Corporation</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Savdo_belgisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savdo belgisi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">savdo belgisi</a> sifatida <b>IBM</b> nomi ostida tanilgan), <b>Big Blue</b> (Katta Moviy)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> laqabiga ega, bosh qarorgohi <a href="/wiki/Nyu-York_(shtat)" title="Nyu-York (shtat)">Nyu-York</a> shtatining <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armonk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armonk (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Armonk</a> shahrida joylashgan Amerika xalqaro <a href="/w/index.php?title=Texnologiya_kompaniya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texnologiya kompaniya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">texnologiya kompaniya</a>sidir va dunyoning 175 dan ortiq mamlakatlarida faoliyat yuritadi<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. IBM dunyodagi eng yirik sanoat tadqiqot tashkiloti hisoblanadi, u 19 ta tadqiqot markaziga ega bo'lib, o'nlab mamlakatlarda faoliyat olib boradi. Kompaniya 1993 yildan 2021 yilgacha ketma-ket 29 yil davomida <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Qo%CA%BBshma_Shtatlari" title="Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari">AQSh</a>da biznes tomonidan yaratilgan eng koʻp yillik <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a>lar bo'yicha rekordni qo'lga kiritgan<sup id="cite_ref-patents_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patents-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>IBM 1911 yilda <b>Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)</b> nomi ostida tashkil etilgan bo'lib, yozuvlarni saqlash va o'lchash tizimlari ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniyalarni birlashtirgan <a href="/wiki/Holding" title="Holding">holding kompaniya</a> edi. 1924 yilda kompaniya nomi <b>"International Business Machines"</b> deb o‘zgartirildi va tez orada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perforatsion_kartalar_asosidagi_hisoblash_tizimlari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perforatsion kartalar asosidagi hisoblash tizimlari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">perforatsion kartalar asosidagi hisoblash tizimlari</a>ning yetakchi ishlab chiqaruvchisiga aylandi. 1960-1970 yillarda <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=System/360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System/360 (sahifa yaratilmagan)">System/360</a></b> misolida ko‘rilgan IBM asosiy kompyuter tizimi dunyodagi yetakchi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hisoblash_platformasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hisoblash platformasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">hisoblash platformasi</a> bo‘lib, kompaniya AQShdagi kompyuterlarning 80 foizini va butun dunyo bo‘yicha kompyuterlarning 70 foizini ishlab chiqargan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>IBM</b> 1980-yillarda <b>IBM Personal Computer</b> bilan mikrokompyuter bozoriga kirib keldi va bu mahsulot tez orada <b>PC</b> nomi bilan tanildi, bu IBM ning eng ko‘p sotilgan mahsulotlaridan biri bo‘ldi. Biroq, IBM ning yetarlicha uzoqni ko‘ra olmagani sababli<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, PC intellektual mulk qonunlari bilan yaxshi himoyalanmagan edi. Natijada, IBM tez orada PC bozorida o‘zining bozor ustunligini yangi paydo bo‘layotgan raqobatchilarga yo‘qota boshladi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="en-US"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/makingibm/impacts/">„IBM100 - The Making of International Business Machines“</a></span> (en-US). <i>www-03.ibm.com</i> (2012-yil 7-mart). 2018-yil 5-oktyabrda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005172652/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/makingibm/impacts/">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 30-dekabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="en-US"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/blogs/corporate-social-responsibility/2019/06/trust-and-responsibility-earned-and-practiced-daily/">„Trust and responsibility. Earned and practiced daily.“</a></span> (en-US). <i>IBM Impact</i> (2019-yil 27-iyun). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 30-dekabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFCITEREF10-K2018"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFCITEREF10-K20182025"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/51143/104746919000712/0001047469-19-000712-index.htm">„10-K“</a></span>. <i>10-K</i>. 2019-yil 5-dekabrda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205181213/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/51143/104746919000712/0001047469-19-000712-index.htm">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 1-iyun.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-patents-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-patents_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><i>Bajpai, Prableen</i> <span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/top-patent-holders-of-2020-2021-01-29">„Top Patent Holders of 2020“</a></span>. <i>nasdaq.com</i>.  Nasdaq (2021-yil 29-yanvar). 2021-yil 30-yanvarda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130165223/https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/top-patent-holders-of-2020-2021-01-29">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 2-fevral.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ificlaims.com/rankings-top-50-2021.htm">„2021 Top 50 US Patent Assignees“</a></span>.  IFI CLAIMS Patent Services (2022-yil 5-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 22-avgust.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><i>Gil, Darío</i> <span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2023/01/06/ibm-patent-record-how-to-measure-innovation-open-source-quantum-computing-tech/">„Why IBM is no longer interested in breaking patent records–and how it plans to measure innovation in the age of open source and quantum computing“</a></span> (en). <i>Fortune</i> (2023-yil 6-yanvar). 2023-yil 27-yanvarda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127155828/https://fortune.com/2023/01/06/ibm-patent-record-how-to-measure-innovation-open-source-quantum-computing-tech/">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 3-fevral.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Business-Machines-Corporation">„IBM | Founding, History, & Products | Britannica“</a></span> (en). <i>www.britannica.com</i>. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 30-dekabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFPress2003">Press, Larry<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco0000unse_y6v0">IBM PC</a></i>. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2003 — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco0000unse_y6v0/page/833">833</a>-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-470-86412-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-470-86412-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-470-86412-5</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IBM+PC&rft.aulast=Press&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons+Ltd.&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofco0000unse_y6v0%2Fpage%2F833+833%5D &rft.isbn=0-470-86412-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofco0000unse_y6v0"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lowendmac.com/2006/origin-of-the-ibm-pc/">„Origin of the IBM PC | Low End Mac“</a></span>. <i>lowendmac.com</i>. 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