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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=I.J.+Good" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=I.J.+Good" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Werk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Werk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Werke</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Werke-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Werke subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Werke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boeke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boeke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Boeke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boeke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belangrike_Wetenskaplike_Publikasies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belangrike_Wetenskaplike_Publikasies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Belangrike Wetenskaplike Publikasies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belangrike_Wetenskaplike_Publikasies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">I.J. Good</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 21 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%AF" title="إرفين جون غود – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إرفين جون غود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%89._%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87._%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF" title="آى. جيه. جود – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آى. جيه. جود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_John_Good" title="Irving John Good – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Irving John Good" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C._%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C._%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ئای. جەی. گود – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئای. جەی. گود" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_John_Good" title="Irving John Good – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Irving John Good" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._J._Good" title="I. J. Good – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="I. J. Good" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._J._Good" title="I. J. Good – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="I. J. Good" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ایروینگ جان گود – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایروینگ جان گود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvin_John_Good" title="Irvin John Good – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Irvin John Good" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_John_Good" title="Irving John Good – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Irving John Good" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_J._Good" title="Irving J. Good – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irving J. Good" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3_%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4" title="Իրվինգ Ջոն Գուդ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրվինգ Ջոն Գուդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_John_Good" title="Irving John Good – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Irving John Good" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Ioannes_Good" title="Irving Ioannes Good – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Irving Ioannes Good" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_John_Good" title="Irving John Good – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Irving John Good" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_John_Good" title="Irving John Good – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Irving John Good" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_John_Good" title="Irving John Good – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Irving John Good" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._J._Good" title="I. J. Good – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="I. J. Good" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B4,_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гуд, Ирвинг Джон – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуд, Ирвинг Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isador_D%C5%BEejkob_Gud" title="Isador Džejkob Gud – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Isador Džejkob Gud" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._J._Good" title="I. J. Good – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="I. J. Good" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q224372#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/I.J._Good" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/I.J._Good" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&oldid=2623712" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=I.J._Good&id=2623712&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FI.J._Good"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FI.J._Good"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=I.J.+Good"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=I.J._Good&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q224372" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p><b>Irving John (Jack) Good</b>, gebore as <b>Isadore Jacob Gudak</b> (<a href="/wiki/9_Desember" title="9 Desember">9 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>, <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> – <a href="/wiki/5_April" title="5 April">5 April</a> <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>, Radford), was 'n Brits-Amerikaanse <a href="/wiki/Wiskundige" title="Wiskundige">wiskundige</a>, kriptoloog en statistikus. Hy is bekend vir sy samewerking met <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Good is gebore as Isadore Jacob Gudak, maar het homself later Irving John Good genoem. Sy ouers was Joodse emigrante uit <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> wat hulle in Londen gevestig het. Sy pa was 'n horlosiemaker wat later 'n suksesvolle juwelierswinkel bestuur het en was bekend as 'n skrywer van <a href="/wiki/Jiddisj" title="Jiddisj">Jiddisj</a>-boeke onder die naam 'Moshe Oved'. Reeds op 'n jong ouderdom, op laerskool, het Good bewys dat hy baie talentvol is in wiskunde en na hoërskool het hy aan die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Cambridge" title="Universiteit van Cambridge">Universiteit van Cambridge</a> gestudeer en in 1938 gegradueer. Hy het daarna wiskundige navorsing onder leiding van Godfrey Harold Hardy en Abram Besikovich gedoen. In 1941 het Good sy PhD in wiskunde ontvang terwyl hy aan <a href="/wiki/Bletchley_Park" title="Bletchley Park">Bletchley Park</a> toegewys is, waar Brittanje se topwiskundiges probeer het om militêre kodes te breek. Hier het hy vir Alan Turing ontmoet en saam het hulle daarin geslaag om die kode van die Duitse <a href="/wiki/Enigma-masjien" title="Enigma-masjien">Enigma-masjien</a> te ontsyfer, wat die Britte in staat stel om Duitse radioverkeer te monitor. Terselfdertyd het Good belangrike bydraes gelewer tot die ontwikkeling van die Colossus, een van die eerste 'regte' rekenaars. Ná die oorlog het Good ook belangrike bydraes tot <a href="/wiki/Bayesiaanse_statistiek" title="Bayesiaanse statistiek">Bayesiaanse statistiek</a> gelewer. Van 1948 tot 1967 het Good hoofsaaklik vir die Britse regering gewerk in die ontwikkeling van <a href="/wiki/Rekenaar" title="Rekenaar">rekenaars</a>, statistieke en kriptologie. Baie van Good se werk in hierdie gebiede word steeds as 'n Britse staatsgeheim geklassifiseer. In 1967 het Good na die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a> vertrek waar hy 'n professoraat aan die Virginia Polytechnic Institute en State University geneem het. Hy het hier gedoseer tot 1994 toe hy afgetree het. Good is in 2009 op die ouderdom van 92 oorlede. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werk">Werk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Werk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Werk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Good het belangrike bydraes gelewer tot die wiskundige teorieë agter vandag se rekenaars en tot waarskynlikheidsteorie, <a href="/wiki/Statistiek" title="Statistiek">statistiek</a> en die Fourier-transformasie. Verder was hy 'n uitstekende <a href="/wiki/Skaak" title="Skaak">skaakspeler</a> en ook 'n entoesiastiese <a href="/wiki/Go" title="Go">go</a>-speler, vandat Alan Turing hom die reëls van die spel geleer het. In 1965 het Good 'n artikel gepubliseer waarin hy besin oor die moontlikheid van bomenslike <a href="/wiki/Kunsmatige_intelligensie" title="Kunsmatige intelligensie">kunsmatige intelligensie</a> vanaf rekenaars en wat dit vir die toekoms van die mensdom kan beteken. </p> <pre>“Laat 'n <a href="/wiki/Kunsmatige_algemene_intelligensie" title="Kunsmatige algemene intelligensie">ultra-intelligente masjien</a> gedefinieer word as 'n masjien wat al die intellektuele aktiwiteite van enige mens hoe slim ook al kan oortref. Aangesien die ontwerp van masjiene een van hierdie intellektuele aktiwiteite is, kan 'n ultra-intelligente masjien selfs beter masjiene ontwerp; daar sou dan ongetwyfeld 'n 'intelligensie-ontploffing' wees, en die intelligensie van die mens sou ver agtergelaat word. Die eerste ultra-intelligente masjien is dus die laaste uitvinding wat die mens ooit moet maak, mits die masjien gemaklik genoeg is om ons te vertel hoe om dit onder beheer te hou.” — I.J. Good[1] </pre> <p>Dit maak Good een van die eerste denkers oor die <a href="/wiki/Transhumanisme" title="Transhumanisme">transhumanistiese</a> konsep van wat nou die <a href="/wiki/Tegnologiese_singulariteit" title="Tegnologiese singulariteit">tegnologiese singulariteit</a> genoem word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werke">Werke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Werke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Good het meer as 2 400 publikasies in wetenskaplike joernale onder sy naam. Hieronder is 'n paar van sy bekendste werke.* </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boeke">Boeke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Boeke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Boeke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I.J. Good: <i>Probability and the Weighing of Evidence.</i> Charles Griffin, London 1950. </p> <ul><li>I.J. Good (saamensteller): <i>The Scientist Speculates.</i> Heinemann & Basic Books, New York 1962.</li> <li>I.J. Good: <i>The Estimation of Probabilities.</i> MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1965.</li> <li>D.B. Osteyee & I.J. Good. <i>Weight of Evidence, the Singularity between Probability Measures and Signal Detection.</i> In Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, New York 1974.</li> <li>I.J. Good: <i>Good Thinking: The Foundations of Probability and Its Applications.</i> Univ. of Minn. Press, Minneapolis 1983.</li> <li>Jack Good: <i>Enigma and Fish</i>. In: Francis Harry Hinsley and Alan Stripp: <i>Codebreakers – The inside story of Bletchley Park</i>. Oxford University Press, Reading, Berkshire 1993, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0192801325" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-280132-5</a>.</li> <li>I.J. Good: <i>Early work on computers at Bletchley</i>, Cryptologia April 1979</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belangrike_Wetenskaplike_Publikasies">Belangrike Wetenskaplike Publikasies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Belangrike Wetenskaplike Publikasies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Belangrike Wetenskaplike Publikasies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Good, I. J.. “Explicativity, corroboration, and the relative odds of hypotheses.” Synthese 30 (1975): 39-73.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dan van der Vat, "Jack Good" (obituary), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 29 April 2009, p. 32.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Sebag-Montefiore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Sebag-Montefiore (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hugh Sebag-Montefiore</a>, <i>Enigma: The Battle for the Code</i>, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780297842514" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-297-84251-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.J._Good&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration 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.mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFGood1975" class="citation journal cs1">Good, Irving John (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20115014.pdf">"Explicativity, Corroboration, and the Relative Odds of Hypotheses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Synthese</i>. <b>30</b> (1/2): 39–73. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00485294">10.1007/BF00485294</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20115014">20115014</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46979909">46979909</a>.</cite><span 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