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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Japanese whisky</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_japon%C3%A8s" title="Whisky japonès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Whisky japonès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_japon%C3%A9s" title="Whisky japonés – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Whisky japonés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_japonais" title="Whisky japonais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Whisky japonais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%ED%8C%A8%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="재패니스 위스키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재패니스 위스키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_giapponese" title="Whisky giapponese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Whisky giapponese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99" title="ויסקי יפני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויסקי יפני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n_whisky" title="Japán whisky – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán whisky" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="الويسكى اليابانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الويسكى اليابانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_in_Japan" title="Whisky in Japan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Whisky in Japan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%91%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ジャパニーズ・ウイスキー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャパニーズ・ウイスキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Японский виски – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Японский виски" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonski_viski" title="Japonski viski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Japonski viski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn ingredient">Japanese whisky</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vintage_Suntory_Tasting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Vintage_Suntory_Tasting.jpg/220px-Vintage_Suntory_Tasting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Vintage_Suntory_Tasting.jpg/330px-Vintage_Suntory_Tasting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Vintage_Suntory_Tasting.jpg/440px-Vintage_Suntory_Tasting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="802" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A lineup of <a href="/wiki/Suntory" title="Suntory">Suntory</a> whisky bottles</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Country of origin </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Japan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span>/1923</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blended_whisky" class="mw-redirect" title="Blended whisky">Blended whisky</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malt_whisky" title="Malt whisky">Malt whisky</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grain_whisky" title="Grain whisky">Grain whisky</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Japanese whisky</b> is a style of <a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">whisky</a> developed and produced in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Whisky production in Japan began around 1870, but the first commercial production was in 1923 upon the opening of the country's first <a href="/wiki/Distillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Distillery">distillery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamazaki_Distillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamazaki Distillery">Yamazaki</a>. Broadly speaking, the style of Japanese whisky is more similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a> than other major styles of whisky. </p><p>There are several companies producing whisky in Japan, but the two best-known and most widely available are <a href="/wiki/Suntory" title="Suntory">Suntory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nikka_Whisky_Distilling" title="Nikka Whisky Distilling">Nikka</a>. Both of these produce <a href="/wiki/Blended_whiskey" title="Blended whiskey">blended</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Single_malt_whisky" title="Single malt whisky">single malt</a> whiskies and <a href="/wiki/Blended_malt" class="mw-redirect" title="Blended malt">blended malt</a> whiskies, with their main blended whiskies being Suntory <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kakubin</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">角瓶</span></span>, square bottle)</span>, and Black Nikka Clear. There are also many special bottlings and <a href="/wiki/Special_edition" title="Special edition">limited editions</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The production of Japanese whisky began as a conscious effort to recreate the style of Scotch whisky. Pioneers like <a href="/wiki/Masataka_Taketsuru" title="Masataka Taketsuru">Masataka Taketsuru</a> carefully studied the process of making Scotch whisky, and went to great lengths in an attempt to recreate that process in Japan. The location of <a href="/wiki/Yoichi,_Hokkaido" title="Yoichi, Hokkaido">Yoichi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a> was chosen particularly for its terrain and climate, which were in many ways reminiscent of Scotland (although financial constraints resulted in the first distillery actually being built in the more convenient location of Yamazaki on the main island). </p><p>By 2024, products labeled as "Japanese whisky" will conform to new regulations. Japanese whisky must be fermented, distilled, aged and bottled in Japan, use some portion of malted grain in its mash, and use water sourced from Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Mashed_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mashed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One facet of the style of Japanese whisky comes from the way in which blended whisky is produced, and the differing nature of the industry in Japan. Despite the recent rise of interest in single malt whiskies, the vast majority of whisky sold in the world is still blended. In Scotland, while a particular brand of blended whisky may be owned by a company that also owns one or more distilleries, it is common for blended whisky bottlers to trade single malt whiskies. The components of a blend may involve malt whisky from a number of distilleries, which may be owned by different companies. In Japan, however, the industry is <a href="/wiki/Vertically_integrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertically integrated">vertically integrated</a>, meaning whisky companies own both the distilleries and the brands of blended whiskies, and do not trade with their competitors. So a blended whisky in Japan will generally only contain malt whisky from the distilleries owned by that same company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two of the most influential figures in the history of Japanese whisky are Shinjiro Torii and <a href="/wiki/Masataka_Taketsuru" title="Masataka Taketsuru">Masataka Taketsuru</a>. Torii was a pharmaceutical wholesaler and the founder of Kotobukiya (later to become <a href="/wiki/Suntory" title="Suntory">Suntory</a>). He started importing western liquor and he later created a brand called "<a href="/wiki/Akadama_(wine)" title="Akadama (wine)">Akadama</a> <a href="/wiki/Port_Wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Wine">Port Wine</a>", based on a Portuguese wine which made him a successful merchant. However, he was not satisfied with this success and so he embarked on a new venture which was to become his life's work: making Japanese whisky for Japanese people. Despite the strong opposition from the company's executives, Torii decided to build the first Japanese whisky distillery in Yamazaki, a suburb of Kyoto, an area so famous for its excellent water that the legendary tea master <a href="/wiki/Sen_no_Riky%C5%AB" title="Sen no Rikyū">Sen no Rikyū</a> built his tearoom there. </p><p>Torii hired Taketsuru as a distillery executive. Taketsuru had studied the art of distilling in Scotland, and brought this knowledge back to Japan in the early 1920s. While working for Kotobukiya he played a key part in helping Torii establish the Yamazaki Distillery. In 1934 he left Kotobukiya to form his own company—Dainipponkaju—which would later change its name to <a href="/wiki/Nikka_Whisky_Distilling" title="Nikka Whisky Distilling">Nikka</a>. In this new venture he established the <a href="/wiki/Yoichi_distillery" title="Yoichi distillery">Yoichi distillery</a> in Hokkaidō. </p><p>The first westerners to taste Japanese whisky were soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Force_Siberia" class="mw-redirect" title="American Expeditionary Force Siberia">American Expeditionary Force Siberia</a> who took shore leave in <a href="/wiki/Hakodate" title="Hakodate">Hakodate</a> in September 1918. A brand called Queen George, described by one American as a "Scotch whisky made in Japan", was widely available. Exactly what it was is unknown, but it was quite potent and probably quite unlike Scotch whisky.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first whisky made in Japan was the Suntory Shirofuda, released in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the mid-1950s, the popularity of whisky began to increase, and the three major brands of Suntory, Daikoku Budoshu (later <a href="/wiki/Mercian_Corporation" title="Mercian Corporation">Mercian Corporation</a>), and Nikka fought for the top position, leading to what was called the "whisky wars". From the 1960s, unique Japanese customs concerning whisky began to appear. Drinking whisky with Japanese food became popular, and the "<a href="/wiki/Bottle_keep" title="Bottle keep">Bottle keep</a>" system took root in bars and <i><a href="/wiki/Izakaya" title="Izakaya">izakaya</a></i>, and drinking <i><a href="/wiki/Mizuwari" title="Mizuwari">mizuwari</a></i> (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%89%B2%E3%82%8A" class="extiw" title="ja:水割り">ja:水割り</a>), a whisky diluted with 2 to 2.5 times the amount of water, became popular among the masses.<sup id="cite_ref-jwichis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jwichis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, various restrictions on the whisky trade were lifted, allowing Japanese importers to import foreign whisky without any quantity or value limits. 1973 saw <a href="/wiki/Kirin_Company" title="Kirin Company">Kirin Company</a> enter the whisky business. In 1980, Suntory shipped 12.4 million cases of "Old" and achieved the world's highest annual sales volume for a single brand. After reaching its peak in 1983, whisky consumption in Japan continued to decline, falling well behind <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Japan" title="Beer in Japan">Japanese beer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">shōchū</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a>, and in 2008, only 20% of the 1983 level was consumed.<sup id="cite_ref-jwichis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jwichis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, whisky consumption began to increase again around 2008 due to the <a href="/wiki/Highball" title="Highball">highball</a> craze, and the popularity of whisky increased dramatically in 2014 when the life of Nikka founder Masataka Taketsuru was portrayed in the <a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a> drama <i><a href="/wiki/Massan" title="Massan">Massan</a></i> (マッサン). In addition, Japanese whisky began winning awards in international competitions, and exports outside of Japan increased.<sup id="cite_ref-jwichis_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jwichis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, demand for Japanese whisky has greatly exceeded supply since the 2010s, and production of many products has been halted. There are two reasons why the supply shortage of whisky has not been easily resolved. The first is that from 1983 to 2008, whisky consumption in Japan continued to decline and companies continued to reduce production, resulting in low inventories. The second reason is that whisky must be stored in casks for a long period of time in order to be finished, so even if companies increased the amount of whisky distilled, they would not be able to ship it immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, Ichiro Akuto (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E5%9C%9F%E4%BC%8A%E7%9F%A5%E9%83%8E" class="extiw" title="ja:肥土伊知郎">ja:肥土伊知郎</a>) started operations at the <a href="/wiki/Chichibu_distillery" title="Chichibu distillery">Chichibu distillery</a>. It was the first time in 35 years that the Japanese government had granted a whisky production license to a new company.<sup id="cite_ref-yomiuri35_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yomiuri35-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chichibu distillery won many awards at national and international competitions. The success of the Chichibu distillery led to an increase in the number of companies entering the whisky business, and whisky distilleries began to be built all over Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-keizaikai_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keizaikai-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 2020s, Japanese distilleries were importing spirits for use in blends. In 2021, the Japan Spirits & Liqueurs Makers Association announced the definition of "Japanese whisky" as the association's voluntary standard. The 82 companies that are members of the association are bound by this rule, and any whisky made in a manner that does not meet this definition cannot have the words "Japanese whisky" or words meaning Japanese whisky on the label. Also, if the label does not clearly state that the whisky does not meet the definition of Japanese whisky, it will not be allowed to depict the name of a place, person, or flag that evokes Japan. The grace period for this rule is until 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mashed_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mashed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2022, the value of Japan's alcoholic beverage exports was approximately 139.2 billion yen, with Japanese whisky in first place at 56.1 billion yen and <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a> in second place at 47.5 billion yen.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputation">Reputation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JapaneseNikkaWhiskyYoichiWoodyVanillic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JapaneseNikkaWhiskyYoichiWoodyVanillic.jpg/220px-JapaneseNikkaWhiskyYoichiWoodyVanillic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JapaneseNikkaWhiskyYoichiWoodyVanillic.jpg/330px-JapaneseNikkaWhiskyYoichiWoodyVanillic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JapaneseNikkaWhiskyYoichiWoodyVanillic.jpg/440px-JapaneseNikkaWhiskyYoichiWoodyVanillic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nikka_Whisky_Distilling" title="Nikka Whisky Distilling">Nikka</a> Yoichi single malt woody & vanillic</figcaption></figure> <p>Before 2000, the market for Japanese whiskies was almost entirely domestic, though this changed in 2001 when Nikka's 10-year Yoichi single malt won "Best of the Best" at <i>Whisky Magazine</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s awards.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the blind tasting organized by <i>Whisky Magazine</i> in 2003, the results of which are published in WM #30, the winners of the category "Japanese Whiskies" were: </p> <ol><li>Hibiki 21 YO 43% (blend)</li> <li>Nikka Yoichi 10 YO SC 59.9%</li> <li>Yamazaki Bourbon Cask 1991 60%</li> <li>Karuizawa 17 YO 40% (pure malt)</li></ol> <p>In the main ranking (covering all categories of whisky) <a href="/wiki/Hibiki_(whisky)" title="Hibiki (whisky)">Hibiki</a> 21 YO made it to rank 9 and <a href="/wiki/Nikka_Whisky_Distilling" title="Nikka Whisky Distilling">Nikka</a> Yoichi 10 to rank 14. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the 18-year-old Yamazaki was introduced to the US.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese whiskies have been winning top honors in international competitions, notably Suntory.<sup id="cite_ref-suntory_prizes_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suntory_prizes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suntory_news_release_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suntory_news_release-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 2003 <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Spirits_Challenge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Spirits Challenge (page does not exist)">International Spirits Challenge</a>, Suntory Yamazaki won a gold medal, and Suntory whiskies continued to win gold medals every year through 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-suntory_news_release_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suntory_news_release-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with all three malt whiskies winning a trophy (the top prize) in either 2012 (Yamazaki 18 years old and Hakushu 25 years old) or 2013 (Hibiki 21 years old), and Suntory itself winning distiller of the year in 2010, 2012, and 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-suntory_prizes_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suntory_prizes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resultant acclaim nudged Japan's distilleries to market overseas. </p><p>Japanese whisky has won the world's highest award in some category at the World Whiskies Awards, organized by <i><a href="/wiki/Whisky_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Whisky Magazine">Whisky Magazine</a></i>, every year from the inaugural event in 2007 until 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Whisky Magazine</i> has organized a series of blind tastings which have included Japanese single malts in the lineup, along with malts from distilleries considered to be among the best in Scotland. On more than one occasion, the results have had Japanese single malts (particularly those of Nikka's Yoichi and Suntory's Yamazaki) scoring higher than their Scottish counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The whisky produced by Venture Whisky Co., Ltd., which owns <a href="/wiki/Chichibu_distillery" title="Chichibu distillery">Chichibu distillery</a>, was also highly evaluated and won the World's Best Blended Limited Release category for five consecutive years from 2017 to 2021 in a competition organized by <i>Whisky Magazine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Akkeshi_distillery" title="Akkeshi distillery">Akkeshi distillery</a> won the top prize in the World's Best Blended category and the <a href="/wiki/Asaka_distillery" title="Asaka distillery">Asaka distillery</a> won the top prize in the World's Best Blended Malt category at a competition organized by <i>Whisky Magazine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growing popularity of Japanese whisky has driven up prices, especially for rarer products. In August 2018, a 50-year-old Yamazaki first edition went for record $343,000 at a <a href="/wiki/Bonhams" title="Bonhams">Bonhams</a> auction in Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2020, Suntory raffled off 100 bottles of Yamazaki 55-year-old in Japan for three million yen ($20,700) each. One of those bottles sold for about $800,000 at a Hong Kong auction in August of that year; in August 2022, "Joker", a whisky made by Akuto Ichiro (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E5%9C%9F%E4%BC%8A%E7%9F%A5%E9%83%8E" class="extiw" title="ja:肥土伊知郎">ja:肥土伊知郎</a>), which operates the Chichibu distillery, using Hanyu distillery's original whisky, sold for HK$500,000.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distilleries">Distilleries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distilleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan18s3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan18s3.jpg/250px-130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan18s3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan18s3.jpg/375px-130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan18s3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan18s3.jpg/500px-130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan18s3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3999" data-file-height="2666" /></a><figcaption>Nikka Whisky <a href="/wiki/Yoichi_Distillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoichi Distillery">Yoichi Distillery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoichi,_Hokkaido" title="Yoichi, Hokkaido">Yoichi, Hokkaido</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Chichibu_distillery" title="Chichibu distillery">Chichibu distillery</a> (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:ベンチャーウイスキー">ja:ベンチャーウイスキー</a>) began operations. It was the first time in 35 years that the Japanese government had granted a new whisky production license. The success of the Chichibu distillery has prompted companies that make <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">shōchū</a>, as well as companies from other industries, to enter the whisky business, and distilleries are being built all over Japan. In addition, companies that had stopped distilling due to a decrease in demand for whisky resumed distilling or started operating new distilleries.<sup id="cite_ref-yomiuri35_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yomiuri35-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-keizaikai_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keizaikai-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jwd1022_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jwd1022-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011, when the <a href="/wiki/Shinshu_Mars_distillery" title="Shinshu Mars distillery">Shinshu Mars distillery</a> reopened, there were around nine active whisky distilleries in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-distillery_list_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-distillery_list-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of October 2022, there are 59 whisky distilleries in Japan, including those under construction and planned.<sup id="cite_ref-jwd1022_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jwd1022-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distilleries as of 2022 include:<sup id="cite_ref-jwd1022_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jwd1022-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_operation_since_before_2008">In operation since before 2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In operation since before 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamazaki_distillery" title="Yamazaki distillery">Yamazaki</a>: owned by <a href="/wiki/Suntory" title="Suntory">Suntory</a>. Located between <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> on the main island of <a href="/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Honshū">Honshū</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakushu_distillery" title="Hakushu distillery">Hakushu</a>: also owned by Suntory. Located in <a href="/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecture" title="Yamanashi Prefecture">Yamanashi Prefecture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chita_distillery" title="Chita distillery">Chita</a>: owned by Suntory. Located at the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Nagoya" title="Port of Nagoya">Port of Nagoya</a> Sun Grain facility in <a href="/wiki/Chita_District" title="Chita District">Chita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture" title="Aichi Prefecture">Aichi Prefecture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoichi_distillery" title="Yoichi distillery">Yoichi</a>: owned by <a href="/wiki/Nikka_Whisky_Distilling" title="Nikka Whisky Distilling">Nikka</a>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Yoichi,_Hokkaido" title="Yoichi, Hokkaido">Yoichi</a> on the northern island of <a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyagikyo_distillery" title="Miyagikyo distillery">Miyagikyo</a> (formerly Sendai): also owned by Nikka. Located in the north of the main island, near the city of <a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miyagi_Prefecture" title="Miyagi Prefecture">Miyagi Prefecture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Gotemba_distillery" title="Fuji Gotemba distillery">Fuji Gotemba</a>: owned by <a href="/wiki/Kirin_Brewery_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirin Brewery Company">Kirin</a>. Located at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Fuji" title="Mount Fuji">Mount Fuji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka Prefecture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Oak_distillery" title="White Oak distillery">White Oak</a>: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eigashima_Shuz%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eigashima Shuzō (page does not exist)">Eigashima Shuzō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E4%BA%95%E3%83%B6%E5%B6%8B%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:江井ヶ嶋酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecture" title="Hyōgo Prefecture">Hyōgo Prefecture</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operating_and_re-operating_after_2008">Operating and re-operating after 2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operating and re-operating after 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chicibu</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chichibu_distillery" title="Chichibu distillery">Chichibu</a>: near <a href="/wiki/Chichibu,_Saitama" title="Chichibu, Saitama">Chichibu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saitama_Prefecture" title="Saitama Prefecture">Saitama Prefecture</a>. This is the new Chichibu distillery, founded by Ichiro Akuto (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E5%9C%9F%E4%BC%8A%E7%9F%A5%E9%83%8E" class="extiw" title="ja:肥土伊知郎">ja:肥土伊知郎</a>), grandson of the distiller at Hanyu. It opened in 2008.</li> <li>Chichibu Daini: This is the second distillery run by Ichiro Akuto. The distillation started in 2019.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkeshi_distillery" title="Akkeshi distillery">Akkeshi</a>: owned by Japanese grocery wholesaler Kenten Co. Ltd. Located in rural <a href="/wiki/Akkeshi_District,_Hokkaido" title="Akkeshi District, Hokkaido">Akkeshi</a> on the island of Hokkaido, it opened in October 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaka_distillery" title="Asaka distillery">Asaka</a>: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sasanokawa_Shuzo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sasanokawa Shuzo Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Sasanokawa Shuzo Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%B9%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%9D%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:笹の川酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture" title="Fukushima Prefecture">Fukushima Prefecture</a>. The company began whisky production in 1946, but stopped whisky production in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distillation restarted in March 2016.</li> <li>Chiyomusubi (Sakaiminato): owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiyomusubi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiyomusubi (page does not exist)">Chiyomusubi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%80%E3%81%99%E3%81%B3%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:千代むすび酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Tottori_Prefecture" title="Tottori Prefecture">Tottori Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in 2021.</li> <li>Fujihokuroku: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ide_Sake_Brewery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ide Sake Brewery (page does not exist)">Ide Sake Brewery</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%95%E5%87%BA%E9%86%B8%E9%80%A0%E5%BA%97" class="extiw" title="ja:井出醸造店">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Yamanashi Prefecture. The distillation started in 2020.</li> <li>Fujisan: owned by Sasakawa Whisky Co., Ltd. Located in Yamanashi Prefecture. The distillation started in 2022.</li> <li>Hanyu: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toashuzo.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toashuzo., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Toashuzo., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9C%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:東亜酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Saitama Prefecture. The company began whisky production in 1946, but stopped whisky distillation in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distillation restarted in 2021.</li> <li>Helios (Nago): owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helios_Distillery_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helios Distillery Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Helios Distillery Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:ヘリオス酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a>. The company began whisky production in the 1980s, but withdrew from the whisky business before 2008. The distillation restarted in 2016.</li> <li>Ikawa: owned by Juzan Co., Ltd. Located in Shizuoka Prefecture. The distillation started in 2020.</li> <li>Kaikyo: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akashi_Sake_Brewery.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akashi Sake Brewery. (page does not exist)">Akashi Sake Brewery.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%9F%B3%E9%85%92%E9%A1%9E%E9%86%B8%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:明石酒類醸造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Hyōgo Prefecture. The distillation started in 2017.</li> <li>Kamui (Rishiri): owned by Kamui Whisky K.K. Located in Hokkaido Prefecture. The distillation started in 2022.</li> <li>Kanosuke: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komasa_Kanosuke_Distillery_Co.,_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komasa Kanosuke Distillery Co., Ltd (page does not exist)">Komasa Kanosuke Distillery Co., Ltd</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%AD%A3%E9%86%B8%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:小正醸造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Kagoshima Prefecture. The distillation started in 2017.</li> <li>Kiyosuzakura (Kiyosu): owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiyosuzakura_Brewery_Corp.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiyosuzakura Brewery Corp. (page does not exist)">Kiyosuzakura Brewery Corp.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%B2%E6%A1%9C%E9%86%B8%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:清洲桜醸造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture" title="Aichi Prefecture">Aichi Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in 2014.</li> <li>Kobe: owned by GlowStars Inc. Located in Hyōgo Prefecture. The distillation started in October 2022.</li> <li>Kuju: owned by Tsuzaki Co., Ltd. Located in <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_Prefecture" title="Ōita Prefecture">Ōita Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in February 2021.</li> <li>Kurayoshi: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsui_Shuz%C3%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matsui Shuzô (page does not exist)">Matsui Shuzô</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E4%BA%95%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:松井酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in the village of <a href="/wiki/Kurayoshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurayoshi">Kurayoshi</a>, in Tottori Prefecture.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distillation started in 2017.</li> <li>Kyoto Miyako: owned by Kyoto Shuzo Co., Ltd. Located in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prefecture" title="Kyoto Prefecture">Kyoto Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in Jule 2020.</li> <li>Mars</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinshu_Mars_distillery" title="Shinshu Mars distillery">Shinshu Mars</a>: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hombo_Shuzo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hombo Shuzo Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Hombo Shuzo Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9D%8A%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:本坊酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Nagano_Prefecture" title="Nagano Prefecture">Nagano Prefecture</a>. The company began whisky production in Kagoshima Prefecture in 1953, in Yamanashi Prefecture in 1960, and at this distillery in 1985, but stopped whisky distillation in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distillation restarted in 2011.</li> <li>Tsunuki Mars: owned by Hombo Shuzo Co., Ltd. Located in <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_Prefecture" title="Kagoshima Prefecture">Kagoshima Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in 2016.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Miyake Honten (Kure): owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miyakehonten_Co.,_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miyakehonten Co., Ltd (page does not exist)">Miyakehonten Co., Ltd</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%85%E6%9C%AC%E5%BA%97" class="extiw" title="ja:三宅本店">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Prefecture" title="Hiroshima Prefecture">Hiroshima Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in 2022.</li> <li>Nagahama: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagahama_Roman_Beer_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagahama Roman Beer Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Nagahama Roman Beer Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B5%9C%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" class="extiw" title="ja:長浜浪漫ビール">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture" title="Shiga Prefecture">Shiga Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in 2016. The brand name is "Amahagan".</li> <li>Niigata Kameda: owned by Niigata Shōkibo Jōryūjo. Located in <a href="/wiki/Niigata_Prefecture" title="Niigata Prefecture">Niigata Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in September March 2019.</li> <li>Niseko: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakkaisan_Brewery_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%B5%B7%E9%86%B8%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:八海醸造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Niigata Prefecture. The distillation started in March 2021.</li> <li>Nozawa Onsen: owned by Nozawa Onsen distillery. Located in Yamanashi Prefecture. The distillation started in June 2022.</li> <li>Okayama: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miyashita_Sake_Brewery_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miyashita Sake Brewery Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Miyashita Sake Brewery Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E4%B8%8B%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:宮下酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Okayama_Prefecture" title="Okayama Prefecture">Okayama Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in 2015.</li> <li>Ontake: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishi_Shuzo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nishi Shuzo Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Nishi Shuzo Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:西酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Kagoshima Prefecture. The distillation started in 2019.</li> <li>Osuzuyama: owned by Kuroki Honten Co. Ltd. Located in <a href="/wiki/Miyazaki_Prefecture" title="Miyazaki Prefecture">Miyazaki Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in 2019.</li> <li>Rokkosan: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axas_Holdings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axas Holdings (page does not exist)">Axas Holdings</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:アクサス">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Hyōgo Prefecture. The distillation started in June 2021.</li> <li>Sakurao: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakurao_Brewery_and_Distillery_Co.,_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakurao Brewery and Distillery Co., Ltd (page does not exist)">Sakurao Brewery and Distillery Co., Ltd</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:サクラオブルワリーアンドディスティラリー">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Hiroshima Prefecture. The distillation started in October 2018.</li> <li>Shindō: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinozaki_Co.,_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinozaki Co., Ltd (page does not exist)">Shinozaki Co., Ltd</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AF%A0%E5%B4%8E_(%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD)" class="extiw" title="ja:篠崎 (企業)">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture">Fukuoka Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in August 2021.</li> <li>Shinzato (Okinawa): owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinzato_Shuzo_Co.,_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinzato Shuzo Co., Ltd (page does not exist)">Shinzato Shuzo Co., Ltd</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%87%8C%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:新里酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Okinawa Prefecture. The distillation started in 2021.</li> <li>Shizuoka (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E5%B2%A1%E8%92%B8%E6%BA%9C%E6%89%80" class="extiw" title="ja:静岡蒸溜所">ja</a>): owned by Gaiaflow Co., Ltd. Located in Shizuoka Prefecture. The distillation started in October 2016.</li> <li>Takazo: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiri_Shurui_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meiri Shurui Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Meiri Shurui Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%88%A9%E9%85%92%E9%A1%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:明利酒類">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Ibaraki_Prefecture" title="Ibaraki Prefecture">Ibaraki Prefecture</a>. The company began whisky production in 1952, but withdrew from the whisky business before 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distillation restarted in September 2022.</li> <li>Tanba: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kizakura_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kizakura Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Kizakura Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%A1%9C" class="extiw" title="ja:黄桜">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Hyōgo Prefecture. The distillation started in 2018.</li> <li>Wakatsuru Saburōmaru: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakatsuru_Shuzo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakatsuru Shuzo Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Wakatsuru Shuzo Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E9%B6%B4%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:若鶴酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Toyama_Prefecture" title="Toyama Prefecture">Toyama Prefecture</a>. The company began whisky production in 1952. The distillery was renovated in 2016 and distilling resumed in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yamaga: owned by Yamaga Distillery Co., Ltd. Located in <a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_Prefecture" title="Kumamoto Prefecture">Kumamoto Prefecture</a> The distillation started in August 2021.</li> <li>Yasato: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiuchi_Brewery_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiuchi Brewery Inc. (page does not exist)">Kiuchi Brewery Inc.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%86%85%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:木内酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in Ibaraki Prefecture. The distillation started in 2020.</li> <li>Yokokawa: owned by At star kabushiki kaisha. Located in Kagoshima Prefecture. The distillation started in January 2022.</li> <li>Yoro: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyokusendo_Shuzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyokusendo Shuzo (page does not exist)">Gyokusendo Shuzo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E6%B3%89%E5%A0%82%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:玉泉堂酒造">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Gifu_Prefecture" title="Gifu Prefecture">Gifu Prefecture</a>. The company began whisky production in the 1970s, but withdrew from the whisky business before 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distillation restarted in 2018.</li> <li>Yoshida Denzai: owned by Yoshida Denzai Kogyo Co., Ltd. Located in Niigata Prefecture. The distillation started in 2022.</li> <li>Yuwaku owned by Oriental Brewing. Located in <a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Prefecture" title="Ishikawa Prefecture">Ishikawa Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in August 2022.</li> <li>Yuza: owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinryu_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinryu Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Kinryu Co., Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%BE%8D_(%E5%B1%B1%E5%BD%A2%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:金龍 (山形県)">ja</a>]</span>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Prefecture" title="Yamagata Prefecture">Yamagata Prefecture</a>. The distillation started in 2018.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Under construction/before operation</dt></dl> <ul><li>Gakkōgawa: owned by Tatenokawa, inc. Located in Yamagata Prefecture. Distillation is scheduled to begin in September 2023.</li> <li>Hida Takayama: owned by Funasaka Shuzo. Located in Gifu Prefecture. Distillation is scheduled to begin in April 2023.</li> <li>Komoro: owned by Karuizawa Distillers Inc. Located in Nagano Prefecture. Distillation is scheduled to begin in 2023.</li> <li>Kōnosu: owned by Hikari shuzo., Ltd. Located in Saitama Prefecture. Distillation is scheduled to begin in 2025.</li> <li>Takebe Orimono (Nanao): owned by Takebe Orimono. Located in Ishikawa Prefecture. Distillation is scheduled to begin in 2023.</li> <li>Akita: owned by Dreamlink Co. Ltd. Located in <a href="/wiki/Akita_Prefecture" title="Akita Prefecture">Akita Prefecture</a>.</li> <li>Benizakura: owned by Hokkaido Liberty Whisky Inc. Located in Hokkaido Prefecture.</li> <li>Karuizawa: owned by Totsuka shuzo Co. Ltd. Located in Nagano Prefecture.</li> <li>Shinobu: owned by Niigata Beer Co. Ltd. Located in Niigata Prefecture.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closed">Closed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Closed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karuizawa_distillery" title="Karuizawa distillery">Karuizawa</a>: owned by Mercian (a part of Kirin). Formerly located near the town of <a href="/wiki/Karuizawa,_Nagano" title="Karuizawa, Nagano">Karuizawa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nagano_Prefecture" title="Nagano Prefecture">Nagano Prefecture</a>. Folded in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consumption">Consumption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whisky_soda_high_ball_by_uca0310_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Whisky_soda_high_ball_by_uca0310_2013.jpg/190px-Whisky_soda_high_ball_by_uca0310_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Whisky_soda_high_ball_by_uca0310_2013.jpg/285px-Whisky_soda_high_ball_by_uca0310_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Whisky_soda_high_ball_by_uca0310_2013.jpg/380px-Whisky_soda_high_ball_by_uca0310_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2628" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>A whisky highball at a bar in Japan</figcaption></figure> <p>Japanese whisky is consumed either like Scotch whisky or like Japanese <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">shōchū</a>. The bulk of Japanese blended whisky is consumed in cocktails, notably as whisky <a href="/wiki/Highball" title="Highball">highballs</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ハイボール</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">haibōru</i></span>)</span> (similar to shōchū highballs, known as <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABhai" title="Chūhai">chūhai</a>), while fine whisky is primarily drunk neat or on the rocks, as with Scotch whisky. Advertising for blended whisky generally features it consumed in a highball, and highballs made with Suntory's Kakubin are branded <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kaku-hai</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">カクハイ</span></span>)</span>. </p><p>In addition to soda (in a highball), Japanese whisky is often drunk mixed with hot water <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">o-yu-wari</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">お湯割り</span></span>)</span>, particularly in winter, or cold water <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">mizu-wari</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">水割り</span></span>)</span>, particularly in summer, as is done with <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">shōchū</a>. Whisky is also commonly drunk with food, particularly in mixed drinks, especially highballs. The prevalence of mixing whisky with soda or water is particularly attributed to the hot, muggy Japanese summer, hence the popularity of long drinks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_whisky" title="Outline of whisky">Outline of whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izakaya" title="Izakaya">Izakaya</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mashed-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mashed_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mashed_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeltzer2022" class="citation news cs1">Meltzer, Matt (24 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mashed.com/778538/13-types-of-whiskey-and-what-makes-them-unique/">"13 Types Of Whiskey And What Makes Them Unique"</a>. Mashed<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=13+Types+Of+Whiskey+And+What+Makes+Them+Unique&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=Meltzer&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mashed.com%2F778538%2F13-types-of-whiskey-and-what-makes-them-unique%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Bunting, "Japanese Whisky: 'It's Called Queen George, and It's More Bitched Up Than Its Name'," in Fritz Allhoff and Marcus P. 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Japanese Whisky Information Center. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQODZ164LF0W1A210C2000000/">the original</a> on 19 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 28 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.whiskymag.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1963">http://www.whiskymag.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1963</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323184352/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-03-22/news/48467053_1_japanese-whisky-masataka-taketsuru-single-malts">"Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-distillery_list-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-distillery_list_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uiscebeatha.co.uk/active-japanese-distilleries/">Active Japanese Distilleries</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dekanta.com/distilleries/the-akkeshi-distillery/">"Akkeshi Distillery - Dekanta"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highroadspirits.com/akkeshi">"Akkeshi Distillery - High Road Spirits"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220909013652/https://jwic.jp/distillery/asaka/">安積蒸溜所.</a> Japanese Whisky Information Center.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129010827/https://jwic.jp/distillery/hanyu/">羽生蒸留所.</a> Japanese Whisky Information Center.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matsuiwhisky.com/en/">"English Site - 松井酒造合名会社｜松井酒造合名会社"</a>. 25 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+Site+-+%E6%9D%BE%E4%BA%95%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0%E5%90%88%E5%90%8D%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%EF%BD%9C%E6%9D%BE%E4%BA%95%E9%85%92%E9%80%A0%E5%90%88%E5%90%8D%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmatsuiwhisky.com%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516193459/https://jwic.jp/distillery/mars_shinshu/">マルス信州蒸溜所.</a> Dear Whisky.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221008130946/https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000034.000025633.html">明利酒類が約60年ぶりにクラフトウイスキー造りを再開茨城県水戸市に高藏蒸留所｜TAKAZO Distilleryを立ち上げ.</a> Meiri Shurui</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127122226/https://jwic.jp/distillery/saburomaru/">三郎丸蒸留所.</a> Japanese Whisky Information Center.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230102131304/https://cask-investment.com/media/distillery/yourou/">玉泉堂.</a> Dear Whisky.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoutsakis" class="citation web cs1">Koutsakis, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/georgekoutsakis/2018/04/19/the-man-behind-the-worlds-rarest-whisky/">"The Man Behind The Last Drops Of The World's Rarest Whisky"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barlifeuk.com/index.php/2014/03/a-look-at-nikka-whisky/">the original</a> on 28 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BarLifeUK+website&rft.atitle=A+Look+at+Nikka+Whisky&rft.date=2014-03-26&rft.au=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barlifeuk.com%2Findex.php%2F2014%2F03%2Fa-look-at-nikka-whisky%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonson2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Simonson" title="Robert Simonson">Simonson, Robert</a> (11 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/12/dining/japanese-whiskeys-gain-ground-in-america.html">"Japanese Whiskeys [<i>sic</i>], Translated From the Scottish"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Japanese+Whiskeys+%5Bsic%5D%2C+Translated+From+the+Scottish&rft.date=2012-09-11&rft.aulast=Simonson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F09%2F12%2Fdining%2Fjapanese-whiskeys-gain-ground-in-america.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2012" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Jason (18 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/its-suntory-time/2012/01/11/gIQAjuVy5P_story.html">"It's Suntory time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=It%27s+Suntory+time&rft.date=2012-01-18&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Ffood%2Fits-suntory-time%2F2012%2F01%2F11%2FgIQAjuVy5P_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshcraft2018" class="citation book cs1">Ashcraft, Brian (2018). <i>Japanese Whisky: The Ultimate Guide to the World's Most Desirable Spirit</i>. North Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784805314098" title="Special:BookSources/9784805314098"><bdi>9784805314098</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Whisky%3A+The+Ultimate+Guide+to+the+World%27s+Most+Desirable+Spirit&rft.place=North+Clarendon%2C+VT&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9784805314098&rft.aulast=Ashcraft&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroom2017" class="citation book cs1">Broom, Dave (2017). <i>The Way of Whisky: A Journey Around Japanese Whisky</i>. London: Mitchell Beazley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781784721428" title="Special:BookSources/9781784721428"><bdi>9781784721428</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Way+of+Whisky%3A+A+Journey+Around+Japanese+Whisky&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Mitchell+Beazley&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781784721428&rft.aulast=Broom&rft.aufirst=Dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunting2011" class="citation book cs1">Bunting, Chris (2011). <i>Drinking Japan: A Guide to Japan's Best Drinks and Drinking Establishments</i>. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784805310540" title="Special:BookSources/9784805310540"><bdi>9784805310540</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drinking+Japan%3A+A+Guide+to+Japan%27s+Best+Drinks+and+Drinking+Establishments&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9784805310540&rft.aulast=Bunting&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuxrud2008" class="citation book cs1">Buxrud, Ulf (2008). <i>Japanese Whisky: Facts, Figures and Taste</i>. Malmö, Sweden: DataAnalys Scandinavia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789163320934" title="Special:BookSources/9789163320934"><bdi>9789163320934</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Whisky%3A+Facts%2C+Figures+and+Taste&rft.place=Malm%C3%B6%2C+Sweden&rft.pub=DataAnalys+Scandinavia&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789163320934&rft.aulast=Buxrud&rft.aufirst=Ulf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuxton2012" class="citation book cs1">Buxton, Ian (2012). <i>101 World Whiskies to Try Before You Die</i>. Edinburgh: Hachette Scotland. pp. 66–79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780755363193" title="Special:BookSources/9780755363193"><bdi>9780755363193</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=101+World+Whiskies+to+Try+Before+You+Die&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=66-79&rft.pub=Hachette+Scotland&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780755363193&rft.aulast=Buxton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheckland1998" class="citation book cs1">Checkland, Olive (1998). <i>Japanese Whisky, Scotch Blend: Masataka Taketsuru, the Japanese whisky king and Rita, his Scotch wife</i>. Dalkeith: Scottish Cultural Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1840170034" title="Special:BookSources/1840170034"><bdi>1840170034</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Whisky%2C+Scotch+Blend%3A+Masataka+Taketsuru%2C+the+Japanese+whisky+king+and+Rita%2C+his+Scotch+wife&rft.place=Dalkeith&rft.pub=Scottish+Cultural+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1840170034&rft.aulast=Checkland&rft.aufirst=Olive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossmanLembeck1977" class="citation book cs1">Grossman, Harold J.; Lembeck, Harriet (1977). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grossmansguideto0000gros/page/343"><i>Grossman's Guide to Wines, Beers, and Spirits</i></a></span> (6th rev. ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grossmansguideto0000gros/page/343">343–4.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0684150336" title="Special:BookSources/0684150336"><bdi>0684150336</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grossman%27s+Guide+to+Wines%2C+Beers%2C+and+Spirits&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=343-4.&rft.edition=6th+rev.&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0684150336&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Harold+J.&rft.au=Lembeck%2C+Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgrossmansguideto0000gros%2Fpage%2F343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoskrow2016" class="citation book cs1">Roskrow, Dominic (2016). <i>Whisky Japan: The Essential Guide to the World's Most Exotic Whisky</i>. New York: Kodansha USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781568365756" title="Special:BookSources/9781568365756"><bdi>9781568365756</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whisky+Japan%3A+The+Essential+Guide+to+the+World%27s+Most+Exotic+Whisky&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Kodansha+USA&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781568365756&rft.aulast=Roskrow&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Eycken2017" class="citation book cs1">Van Eycken, Stefan (2017). <i>Whisky Rising: The Definitive Guide to the Finest Whiskies and Distillers of Japan</i>. Kennebunkport, Maine: Cider Mill Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781604336979" title="Special:BookSources/9781604336979"><bdi>9781604336979</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whisky+Rising%3A+The+Definitive+Guide+to+the+Finest+Whiskies+and+Distillers+of+Japan&rft.place=Kennebunkport%2C+Maine&rft.pub=Cider+Mill+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781604336979&rft.aulast=Van+Eycken&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_whisky&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Whisky_from_Japan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Whisky from Japan">Whisky from Japan</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nikka.com/eng/">Nikka Company</a> – official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theyamazaki.jp/en/entrance.html">Yamazaki Distillery</a> – official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nonjatta.blogspot.jp/">Nonjatta</a> – Japanese whisky blog</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dekanta.com/">Dekanta</a> – Buy Japanese whisky Online</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/21px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/32px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/42px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/19px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/29px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/38px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and Economics">Business and Economics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/19px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/30px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/39px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/21px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/42px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan</a></li></ul></div> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Whisky_distilleries_in_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Whisky_distilleries_in_Japan" title="Template:Whisky distilleries in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Whisky_distilleries_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Whisky distilleries in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Whisky_distilleries_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Whisky distilleries in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Whisky_distilleries_in_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whisky distilleries in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japanese whisky</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Active malt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkeshi_distillery" title="Akkeshi distillery">Akkeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaka_distillery" title="Asaka distillery">Asaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichibu_distillery" title="Chichibu distillery">Chichibu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Gotemba_distillery" title="Fuji Gotemba distillery">Fuji Gotemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakushu_distillery" title="Hakushu distillery">Hakushu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanosuke_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanosuke distillery (page does not exist)">Kanosuke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_Tsunuki_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars Tsunuki distillery (page does not exist)">Mars Tsunuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyagikyo_distillery" title="Miyagikyo distillery">Miyagikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagahama_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagahama distillery (page does not exist)">Nagahama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukada_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nukada distillery (page does not exist)">Nukada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okayama_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okayama distillery (page does not exist)">Okayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinshu_Mars_distillery" title="Shinshu Mars distillery">Shinshu Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shizuoka_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shizuoka distillery (page does not exist)">Shizuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakatsuru_Saburomaru_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakatsuru Saburomaru distillery (page does not exist)">Wakatsuru Saburomaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Oak_distillery" title="White Oak distillery">White Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamazaki_distillery" title="Yamazaki distillery">Yamazaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoichi_distillery" title="Yoichi distillery">Yoichi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuza_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuza distillery (page does not exist)">Yuza</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan24s3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan24s3.jpg/120px-130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan24s3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan24s3.jpg/180px-130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan24s3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan24s3.jpg/240px-130823Nikka_Wisky_Yoichi_Distillery_Hokkaido_Japan24s3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4650" data-file-height="3100" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Active <a href="/wiki/Grain_whisky" title="Grain whisky">grain</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chita_distillery" title="Chita distillery">Chita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Closed or mothballed</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanyu_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanyu distillery (page does not exist)">Hanyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kagoshima_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kagoshima distillery (page does not exist)">Kagoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuizawa_distillery" title="Karuizawa distillery">Karuizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasaki_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasaki distillery (page does not exist)">Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishinomiya_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nishinomiya distillery (page does not exist)">Nishinomiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiojiri_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiojiri distillery (page does not exist)">Shiojiri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamazakura_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamazakura distillery (page does not exist)">Yamazakura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Distilleries_in_Japan" title="Category:Distilleries in Japan">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Distilleries_in_Japan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Distilleries in Japan">Commons</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/27px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/41px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/54px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Whisky" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Whisky" title="Template:Whisky"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Whisky" title="Template talk:Whisky"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Whisky" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Whisky"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Whisky" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malt_whisky" title="Malt whisky">Malt whisky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_malt_whisky" title="Single malt whisky">Single malt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blended_malt_whisky" title="Blended malt whisky">Blended malt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_whisky" title="Grain whisky">Grain whisky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_malt_whiskey" title="Rye malt whiskey">Rye malt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_whiskey" title="Wheat whiskey">Wheat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/32px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/48px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/64px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blended_whiskey" title="Blended whiskey">Blended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_in_bond" title="Bottled in bond">Bottled in bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_barrel_whiskey" title="Single barrel whiskey">Single barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_batch_whiskey" title="Small batch whiskey">Small batch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_whiskey" title="Straight whiskey">Straight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_whisky" title="Australian whisky">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_whisky" title="English whisky">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_whisky" title="Finnish whisky">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_whisky" title="French whisky">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_whisky" title="German whisky">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_whisky" title="Indian whisky">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_pot_still_whiskey" title="Single pot still whiskey">Single pot still</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_whisky" title="Mexican whisky">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_whisky" title="Taiwanese whisky">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_whisky" title="Welsh whisky">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cask_strength" title="Cask strength">Cask strength</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chill_filtering" title="Chill filtering">Chill filtering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finishing_(whisky)" title="Finishing (whisky)">Finishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_bottler" title="Independent bottler">Independent bottler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County_Process" title="Lincoln County Process">Lincoln County Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashing" title="Mashing">Mash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sour_mash" title="Sour mash">Sour mash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_blender" title="Master blender">Master blender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_safe" title="Spirit safe">Spirit safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_thief" title="Whiskey thief">Whiskey thief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Whiskey_Trail" title="American Whiskey Trail">American Whiskey Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Bourbon_Trail" title="Kentucky Bourbon Trail">Kentucky Bourbon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Whisky_Experience" title="Scotch Whisky Experience">Scotch Whisky Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Malt_Whisky_Trail" title="Scotland's Malt Whisky Trail">Scotland's Malt Whisky Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranachan" title="Cranachan">Cranachan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glencairn_whisky_glass" title="Glencairn whisky glass">Glencairn whisky glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cocktails" title="List of cocktails">List of cocktails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_whisky_brands" title="List of whisky brands">List of whisky brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skalk" title="Skalk">Skalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uisce_beatha" title="Uisce beatha">Uisce beatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscimetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscimetry">Viscimetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_tasting" title="Whisky tasting">Whisky tasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_with_food" title="Whisky with food">Whisky with food</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcoholic_beverages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template talk:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcoholic_beverages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_and_production" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and production</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of alcoholic beverages">History of alcoholic beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_beer" title="History of beer">History of beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bordeaux_wine" title="History of Bordeaux wine">History of Bordeaux wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champagne" title="History of Champagne">History of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chianti" title="History of Chianti">History of Chianti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rioja_wine" title="History of Rioja wine">History of Rioja wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sherry" title="History of Sherry">History of Sherry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol industry">Alcohol industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">Brewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malting" title="Malting">Malting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautering" title="Lautering">Lautering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">Wort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">Yeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drinking establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation" title="Ethanol fermentation">Fermentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple syrup">Simple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fermented_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink#Fermented_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">Fermented drinks</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a></li></ul></li> <li>Banana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_wine" title="Banana wine">Banana wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bignay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bignay_wine" title="Bignay wine">Bignay wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bokbunja <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokbunja-ju" title="Bokbunja-ju">Bokbunja-ju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_wine" title="Marsala wine">Marsala wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistelle">Mistelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscatel_de_Set%C3%BAbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscatel de Setúbal">Moscatel de Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosé wine">Rosé wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Java plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duhat_wine" title="Duhat wine">Duhat wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longan_wine" title="Longan wine">Longan wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lychee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lychee_wine" title="Lychee wine">Lychee wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">Perry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pineapple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache">Tepache</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plum_jerkum" title="Plum jerkum">Plum jerkum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pomegranate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimon_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimon (wine)">Rimon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prickly pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonche" title="Colonche">Colonche</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conditum" title="Conditum">Conditum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubonnet" title="Dubonnet">Dubonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocras" title="Hippocras">Hippocras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabol" title="Jabol">Jabol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabidh" title="Nabidh">Nabidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangria" title="Sangria">Sangria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corn <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mageu" title="Mageu">Mageu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Millet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oshikundu" title="Oshikundu">Oshikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongba" title="Tongba">Tongba</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agkud" title="Agkud">Agkud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazake" title="Amazake">Amazake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_(drink)" title="Apo (drink)">Apo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beopju" title="Beopju">Beopju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brem" title="Brem">Brem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">Choujiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuak" title="Chuak">Chuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansul" title="Dansul">Dansul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwaha-ju" title="Gwaha-ju">Gwaha-ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariya" title="Hariya">Hariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli">Makgeolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijiu" title="Mijiu">Mijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">Pangasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_c%E1%BA%A7n" title="Rượu cần">Rượu cần</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sato (beverage)">Sato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_wine" title="Shaoxing wine">Shaoxing wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonti_(rice_drink)" title="Sonti (rice drink)">Sonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendh%C4%81" title="Pendhā">Pendhā</a></li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agave americana</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuak">Tuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">Tubâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhak">Tuhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunggang">Tunggang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ginger <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">Ginger wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Galangal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bais_(wine)" title="Bais (wine)">Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabarawan" title="Kabarawan">Kabarawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">Mead</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilju" title="Kilju">Kilju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">Basi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intus" title="Intus">Intus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palek" title="Palek">Palek</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakari" title="Parakari">Parakari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibwatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibwatu">Ibwatu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liquors_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Liquors</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applejack_(drink)" title="Applejack (drink)">Applejack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvados" title="Calvados">Calvados</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cashew apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">Kirschwasser</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araqi_(drink)" title="Araqi (drink)">Araqi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fig <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(brandy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armagnac (brandy)">Armagnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">Slivovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Auic%C4%83" title="Țuică">Țuică</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">Pomace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacha_(brandy)" title="Chacha (brandy)">Chacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace_brandy" title="Pomace brandy">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">Orujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsikoudia" title="Tsikoudia">Tsikoudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsipouro" title="Tsipouro">Tsipouro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_vie" title="Eau de vie">Eau de vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geist_(liquor)" title="Geist (liquor)">Geist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbeergeist" title="Himbeergeist">Himbeergeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenschnaps" title="Marillenschnaps">Marillenschnaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalewka" title="Nalewka">Nalewka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghi_(drink)" title="Oghi (drink)">Oghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1linka" title="Pálinka">Pálinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Rakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schnaps">Schnaps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japanese whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierbrand" title="Bierbrand">Bierbrand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Buckwheat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maize <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee whiskey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">Awamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (wine)">Cheongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholai" title="Cholai">Cholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao-Lao" title="Lao-Lao">Lao-Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihing" title="Lihing">Lihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixiang_Baijiu" title="Mixiang Baijiu">Mixiang Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shochu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shochu">Shochu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soju" title="Soju">Soju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korn_(liquor)" title="Korn (liquor)">Korn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starka" title="Starka">Starka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang liquor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">Agave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila">Tequila</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotol" title="Sotol">Sotol</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhi" title="Arkhi">Arkhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacha%C3%A7a" title="Cachaça">Cachaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairin" title="Clairin">Clairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaro_(drink)" title="Guaro (drink)">Guaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seco_Herrerano" title="Seco Herrerano">Seco Herrerano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharra" title="Tharra">Tharra</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Akvavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_(drink)" title="Bangla (drink)">Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Horilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liqueurs_and_infused_distilled_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">Liqueurs</a> and infused distilled drinks by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Almond <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_Noyaux" title="Crème de Noyaux">Crème de Noyaux</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">Absinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisado" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado">Anisado</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisado_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado Mallorca">Anisado Mallorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierbas" title="Hierbas">Hierbas</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbs_de_Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs de Majorca">Herbs de Majorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastika" title="Mastika">Mastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzo" title="Ouzo">Ouzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierlik%C3%B6r" title="Bierlikör">Bierlikör</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blackthorn shrub <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patxaran" title="Patxaran">Patxaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Heering" title="Cherry Heering">Cherry Heering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chili peppers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Pertsivka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chocolate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_liqueur" title="Chocolate liqueur">Chocolate liqueur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cinnamon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentura" title="Tentura">Tentura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">Cloudberry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakka" title="Lakka">Lakka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Rum" class="mw-redirect" title="Malibu Rum">Malibu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coffee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahl%C3%BAa" title="Kahlúa">Kahlúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tia_Maria" title="Tia Maria">Tia Maria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cream <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cream_liqueur" title="Cream liqueur">Cream liqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Irish cream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocaat" title="Advocaat">Advocaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hazelnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Aquavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictine" title="Bénédictine">Bénédictine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenniv%C3%ADn" title="Brennivín">Brennivín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_menthe" title="Crème de menthe">Crème de menthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxa" title="Metaxa">Metaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicum" title="Unicum">Unicum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renfang" title="Bärenfang">Bärenjäger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drambuie" title="Drambuie">Drambuie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glayva" title="Glayva">Glayva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Irish Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupnik" title="Krupnik">Krupnik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borovi%C4%8Dka" title="Borovička">Borovička</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">Jenever</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mammee apple flower <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_cr%C3%A9ole" class="mw-redirect" title="Eau créole">Eau créole</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cointreau" title="Cointreau">Cointreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Marnier" title="Grand Marnier">Grand Marnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_sec" title="Triple sec">Triple sec</a></li></ul></li> <li>Star anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastis" title="Pastis">Pastis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane/molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charanda" title="Charanda">Charanda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vanilla <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licor_43" title="Licor 43">Licor 43</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedratine" title="Cedratine">Cedratine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_banane" title="Crème de banane">Crème de banane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_cassis" title="Crème de cassis">Crème de cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnapps" title="Schnapps">Schnapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloe_gin" title="Sloe gin">Sloe gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Walnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="List of alcoholic drinks">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901367#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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