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<!doctype html><html><head><title>View article</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="referrer" content="always"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=2"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"><meta name="description" content="‪J Achiam, S Adler, S Agarwal, L Ahmad, I Akkaya, FL Aleman, D Almeida, J Altenschmidt, S Altman, S Anadkat…‬, ‪arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774, 2023‬ - ‪Cited by 5,727‬"><meta property="og:description" content="‪J Achiam, S Adler, S Agarwal, L Ahmad, I Akkaya, FL Aleman, D Almeida, J Altenschmidt, S Altman, S Anadkat…‬, ‪arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774, 2023‬ - ‪Cited by 5,727‬"><meta property="og:title" content="‪Gpt-4 technical report‬"><meta property="og:image" content=""><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta name="twitter:card" 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id="gsc_vcpb" data-edit-link="/citations?view_op=edit_citation&hl=en&user=xmOaZ8EAAAAJ&citation_for_view=xmOaZ8EAAAAJ:-woIMpg1IzIC&citation_for_view=xmOaZ8EAAAAJ:-woIMpg1IzIC&back_view_op=view_citation"><form method="post" id="gsc_vcpb_btns" action="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en"><input type="hidden" name="xsrf" value="ADIE8skAAAAAZ0OUXKcIDDBFesar2o7s0SGmJe0"><input type="hidden" name="s" value="xmOaZ8EAAAAJ:-woIMpg1IzIC"><input type="hidden" name="continue" value="/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=en&hl=en&user=xmOaZ8EAAAAJ"></form><div id="gsc_oci_title_wrapper"><div id="gsc_oci_title_gg"><div class="gsc_oci_title_ggi"><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.08774.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2XS6JT2NLIP4MjFn9npot34FhddoqStNbLwIvWETf5ZGlCPsIbuYneo8s&mibextid=Zxz2cZ" data-clk="hl=en&sa=T&ei=3EJCZ_nCO6m-y9YP7_zFiAE"><span class='gsc_vcd_title_ggt'>[PDF]</span> from arxiv.org</a></div></div><div id="gsc_oci_title"><a class="gsc_oci_title_link" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08774" data-clk="hl=en&sa=T&ei=3EJCZ_nCO6m-y9YP7_zFiAE">Gpt-4 technical report</a></div></div><div id="gsc_oci_table"><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Authors</div><div class="gsc_oci_value">Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, Red Avila, Igor Babuschkin, Suchir Balaji, Valerie Balcom, Paul Baltescu, Haiming Bao, Mohammad Bavarian, Jeff Belgum, Irwan Bello, Jake Berdine, Gabriel Bernadett-Shapiro, Christopher Berner, Lenny Bogdonoff, Oleg Boiko, Madelaine Boyd, Anna-Luisa Brakman, Greg Brockman, Tim Brooks, Miles Brundage, Kevin Button, Trevor Cai, Rosie Campbell, Andrew Cann, Brittany Carey, Chelsea Carlson, Rory Carmichael, Brooke Chan, Che Chang, Fotis Chantzis, Derek Chen, Sully Chen, Ruby Chen, Jason Chen, Mark Chen, Ben Chess, Chester Cho, Casey Chu, Hyung Won Chung, Dave Cummings, Jeremiah Currier, Yunxing Dai, Cory Decareaux, Thomas Degry, Noah Deutsch, Damien Deville, Arka Dhar, David Dohan, Steve Dowling, Sheila Dunning, Adrien Ecoffet, Atty Eleti, Tyna Eloundou, David Farhi, Liam Fedus, Niko Felix, Simón Posada Fishman, Juston Forte, Isabella Fulford, Leo Gao, Elie Georges, Christian Gibson, Vik Goel, Tarun Gogineni, Gabriel Goh, Rapha Gontijo-Lopes, Jonathan Gordon, Morgan Grafstein, Scott Gray, Ryan Greene, Joshua Gross, Shixiang Shane Gu, Yufei Guo, Chris Hallacy, Jesse Han, Jeff Harris, Yuchen He, Mike Heaton, Johannes Heidecke, Chris Hesse, Alan Hickey, Wade Hickey, Peter Hoeschele, Brandon Houghton, Kenny Hsu, Shengli Hu, Xin Hu, Joost Huizinga, Shantanu Jain, Shawn Jain, Joanne Jang, Angela Jiang, Roger Jiang, Haozhun Jin, Denny Jin, Shino Jomoto, Billie Jonn, Heewoo Jun, Tomer Kaftan, Łukasz Kaiser, Ali Kamali, Ingmar Kanitscheider, Nitish Shirish Keskar, Tabarak Khan, Logan Kilpatrick, Jong Wook Kim, Christina Kim, Yongjik Kim, Jan Hendrik Kirchner, Jamie Kiros, Matt Knight, Daniel Kokotajlo, Łukasz Kondraciuk, Andrew Kondrich, Aris Konstantinidis, Kyle Kosic, Gretchen Krueger, Vishal Kuo, Michael Lampe, Ikai Lan, Teddy Lee, Jan Leike, Jade Leung, Daniel Levy, Chak Ming Li, Rachel Lim, Molly Lin, Stephanie Lin, Mateusz Litwin, Theresa Lopez, Ryan Lowe, Patricia Lue, Anna Makanju, Kim Malfacini, Sam Manning, Todor Markov, Yaniv Markovski, Bianca Martin, Katie Mayer, Andrew Mayne, Bob McGrew</div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Publication date</div><div class="gsc_oci_value">2023/3/15</div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Journal</div><div class="gsc_oci_value">arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774</div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Description</div><div class="gsc_oci_value" id="gsc_oci_descr"><div class="gsh_small">We report the development of GPT-4, a large-scale, multimodal model which can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs. While less capable than humans in many real-world scenarios, GPT-4 exhibits human-level performance on various professional and academic benchmarks, including passing a simulated bar exam with a score around the top 10% of test takers. GPT-4 is a Transformer-based model pre-trained to predict the next token in a document. The post-training alignment process results in improved performance on measures of factuality and adherence to desired behavior. A core component of this project was developing infrastructure and optimization methods that behave predictably across a wide range of scales. This allowed us to accurately predict some aspects of GPT-4's performance based on models trained with no more than 1/1,000th the compute of GPT-4.</div></div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Total citations</div><div class="gsc_oci_value"><div style="margin-bottom:1em"><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=3674685061370660040&as_sdt=5">Cited by 5727</a></div><div id="gsc_oci_graph_wrapper"><div id="gsc_oci_graph" style="width:79px;"><div id="gsc_oci_graph_x"></div><div id="gsc_oci_graph_bars"><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:0px">2023</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:33px">2024</span><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=3674685061370660040&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2023&as_yhi=2023" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:5px;height:0px;top:57px;z-index:2"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">41</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=3674685061370660040&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2024&as_yhi=2024" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:38px;height:57px;top:0px;z-index:1"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">5582</span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Scholar articles</div><div class="gsc_oci_value"><div class="gsc_oci_merged_snippet"><div><a href="/scholar?oi=bibs&cluster=3674685061370660040&btnI=1&hl=en">Gpt-4 technical report</a></div><div>J Achiam, S Adler, S Agarwal, L Ahmad, I Akkaya… - arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774, 2023</div><div><a class="gsc_oms_link" href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=3674685061370660040&as_sdt=5">Cited by 5727</a> <a class="gsc_oms_link" href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&q=related:yMRuEJga_zIJ:scholar.google.com/">Related articles</a> <a class="gsc_oms_link" href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cluster=3674685061370660040">All 3 versions</a> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="gs_ftr_sp" role="presentation"></div><div id="gs_ftr" class="gs_md_rmb" role="contentinfo"><div id="gs_ftr_rt"><a href="//www.google.co.in/intl/en/policies/privacy/">Privacy</a><a href="//www.google.co.in/intl/en/policies/terms/">Terms</a><a href="javascript:void(0)" ontouchstart="gs_evt_dsp(event)" role="button" aria-controls="gs_ftr_mnu" aria-haspopup="true" class="gs_press gs_md_tb">Help</a></div><div id="gs_ftr_mnu" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi gs_md_ulr" role="menu" tabindex="-1"><a role="menuitem" href="/intl/en/scholar/about.html" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">About Scholar</a><a role="menuitem" href="//support.google.com/websearch?p=scholar_dsa&hl=en" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Search help</a></div></div></div></body></html>