CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>View source for Henry IV of France - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":true,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"100fce8c-42f2-47d6-aca7-f5c2951a9853","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Henry_IV_of_France","wgTitle":"Henry IV of France","wgCurRevisionId":1257880971,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":57876,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"edit","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Henry_IV_of_France","wgRelevantArticleId":57876,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles": "ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","mediawiki.ui.button":"ready","ext.charinsert.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.edit.collapsibleFooter","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.charinsert","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.charinsert.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.ui.button%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28Antwerp_1569_-_Paris_1622%29_-_Henri_IV%2C_King_of_France_%281553-1610%29_-_RCIN_402972_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/1200px-Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28Antwerp_1569_-_Paris_1622%29_-_Henri_IV%2C_King_of_France_%281553-1610%29_-_RCIN_402972_-_Royal_Collection.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1481"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28Antwerp_1569_-_Paris_1622%29_-_Henri_IV%2C_King_of_France_%281553-1610%29_-_RCIN_402972_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/800px-Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28Antwerp_1569_-_Paris_1622%29_-_Henri_IV%2C_King_of_France_%281553-1610%29_-_RCIN_402972_-_Royal_Collection.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="988"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28Antwerp_1569_-_Paris_1622%29_-_Henri_IV%2C_King_of_France_%281553-1610%29_-_RCIN_402972_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/640px-Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28Antwerp_1569_-_Paris_1622%29_-_Henri_IV%2C_King_of_France_%281553-1610%29_-_RCIN_402972_-_Royal_Collection.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="790"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="View source for Henry IV of France - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Henry_IV_of_France rootpage-Henry_IV_of_France skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Henry+IV+of+France&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Henry+IV+of+France&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Henry+IV+of+France&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Henry+IV+of+France&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">View source for Henry IV of France</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Henry_IV_of_France" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_IV_of_France&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_IV_of_France&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_IV_of_France&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_IV_of_France&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Henry_IV_of_France" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Henry_IV_of_France" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_IV_of_France&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DHenry_IV_of_France%26action%3Dedit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DHenry_IV_of_France%26action%3Dedit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q936976" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-protectedpagetext"><div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1099782930">.mw-parser-output .pptext-whywhat h2{margin-top:1em;border-bottom:0;font-size:130%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.15em}.mw-parser-output .pptext-submit{list-style:none;display:inline;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .pptext-whywhat{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:2em}.mw-parser-output .pptext-whywhat>div{flex:1 1 400px}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238441935">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{background-color:#300}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{background-color:#300}}</style><table id="mw-protectedpagetext" class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border-style:none;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-protection" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/60px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/80px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:130%;"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div style="text-align: center;">This page is currently semi-protected so that only <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels#Autoconfirmed" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">established</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">registered users</a> can edit it.</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="pptext-whywhat"> <div class="pptext-why"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Why_is_the_page_protected?"><span id="Why_is_the_page_protected.3F"></span>Why is the page protected?</h2></div> <ul> <li>While most articles can be edited by anyone, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#Semi-protection" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">semi-protection</a> is sometimes necessary to prevent <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">vandalism</a> to popular pages.</li> <li>The reason for protection can be found in the <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=protect&page=Henry+IV+of+France">protection log</a>. If there are no relevant entries in the protection log, the page may have been moved after being protected. </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pptext-what"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="What_can_I_do?"><span id="What_can_I_do.3F"></span>What can I do?</h2></div> <ul> <li>If you have a user account, <a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogin" title="Special:UserLogin">log in</a> first. If you do not yet have an account, you may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&type=signup&campaign=semiprotectednotice">create one</a>; after <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels#Autoconfirmed_users" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">4 days and 10 edits</a>, you will be able to edit semi-protected pages.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Talk:Henry_IV_of_France" title="Talk:Henry IV of France">Discuss this page</a> with others.</li> <li>For move-protected pages, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">requested moves</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection#Current_requests_for_reduction_in_protection_level" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page protection">Request that the page's protection level be reduced</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Find out more about how to get started editing Wikipedia</a>.</li> <li>If you have noticed an error or have a suggestion for a <b>simple, non-controversial change</b>, you can submit an edit request by clicking the button below and following the instructions. An <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels#Autoconfirmed_users" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">established user</a> may then make the change on your behalf. Please check <a href="/wiki/Talk:Henry_IV_of_France" title="Talk:Henry IV of France">the talk page</a> first in case the issue is already being discussed.</li> <li class="pptext-submit"><div> <p><span class="plainlinks clickbutton"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AHenry_IV_of_France&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+semi-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Semi-protected+edit+request+on+1+December+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+semi-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Henry+IV+of+France"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">Submit an edit request</span></a></span> </p> </div></li> <li>If you wrote any text, please save it temporarily to your device until you can edit this page.</li> </ul> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> from <i>editing</i> Wikipedia.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:L235" title="User:L235">‪L235‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <div class="user-block colocation-webhost" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: #ffefd5; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.7em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/40px-Server-multiple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/60px-Server-multiple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/80px-Server-multiple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>The <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web host provider</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation provider</a>.</b> To prevent abuse, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked</a> from editing Wikipedia. <div style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; clear: both">You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">proxy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a>. <p><b>We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit.</b> For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">guide to appealing blocks</a> may also be helpful. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address range has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">globally blocked</a>.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Short description|King of France from 1589 to 1610}} {{other uses|Henry IV (disambiguation)}} {{Redirect|Henry of Navarre}} {{Redirect|Henri 4|the film|Henri 4 (film){{!}}''Henri 4'' (film)}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-sock|small=yes}} {{EngvarB|date=May 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Henry IV | image = Frans Pourbus the Younger (Antwerp 1569 - Paris 1622) - Henri IV, King of France (1553-1610) - RCIN 402972 - Royal Collection.jpg | caption = Portrait by [[Frans Pourbus the Younger|Frans Pourbus]], 1610 | alt = Portrait of Henry IV aged 5 | succession = [[King of France]] | moretext = ([[Style of the French sovereign|more...]]) | reign = 2 August 1589 – 14 May 1610 | coronation = 27 February 1594<br />[[Chartres Cathedral]] | cor-type = France | predecessor = [[Henry III of France|Henry III]] | successor = [[Louis XIII]] | succession1 = [[King of Navarre]] | reign1 = 9 June 1572 – 14 May 1610 | predecessor1 = [[Jeanne III of Navarre|Jeanne III]] | successor1 = [[Louis XIII of France|Louis II]] | birth_date = 13 December 1553 | birth_place = [[Château de Pau]], Béarn | death_date = {{Death date and age|1610|5|14|1553|12|13|df=y}} | death_place = [[Palais du Louvre]], Paris, France {{Infobox person | embed = yes | death_cause = [[Assassination]] }} | burial_date = 1 July 1610 | burial_place = [[Basilica of St Denis]], Paris, France | spouses = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Margaret of Valois]]|1572|1599|end=annulled}} * {{marriage|[[Marie de' Medici]]|1600}} }} | issue = {{plainlist| * [[Louis XIII, King of France]] * [[Elisabeth of France, Queen of Spain|Elisabeth, Queen of Spain and Portugal]] * [[Christine of France|Christine, Duchess of Savoy]] * [[Nicolas, Duke of Orléans]] * [[Gaston, Duke of Orléans]] * [[Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland]] * Illegitimate:<br>[[César, Duke of Vendôme]] * [[Catherine Henriette de Bourbon|Catherine Henriette, Duchess of Elbeuf]] * [[Alexandre, Chevalier de Vendôme]] }} | house = [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] | father = [[Antoine of Navarre]] | mother = [[Jeanne III of Navarre]] | religion = [[Calvinism]] (1553–1593)<br/>[[Catholic Church in France|Catholicism]] (1593–1610) | signature = Signature of Henry IV of France.svg }} '''Henry IV''' ({{langx|fr|Henri IV}}; 13 December 1553&nbsp;– 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets '''Good King Henry''' or '''Henry the Great''', was [[King of Navarre]] (as '''Henry III''') from 1572 and [[King of France]] from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarch of France from the [[House of Bourbon]], a [[cadet branch]] of the [[Capetian dynasty]]. He pragmatically balanced the interests of the Catholic and Protestant parties in France as well as among the European states. He was assassinated in Paris in 1610 by a Catholic zealot, and was succeeded by his son [[Louis XIII]]. Henry was baptised a Catholic but raised in the Protestant faith by his mother. He inherited the throne of Navarre in 1572 on his mother's death. As a [[Huguenot]] (Protestant), Henry was involved in the [[French Wars of Religion]], barely escaping assassination in the [[St. Bartholomew's Day massacre]]. He later led Protestant forces against the French royal army. Henry inherited the throne of France in 1589 upon the death of [[Henry III of France|Henry III]]. Henry IV initially kept the Protestant faith (the only French king to do so) and had to fight against the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]], which refused to accept a Protestant monarch. After four years of military stalemate, Henry converted to Catholicism, reportedly saying, "Paris is well worth a mass." As a [[Politique|pragmatic politician]] he promulgated the [[Edict of Nantes]] (1598), which guaranteed religious liberties to Protestants, thereby effectively ending the [[French Wars of Religion]]. An active ruler, Henry worked to regularize state finance, promote agriculture, eliminate corruption and encourage education. He began the first successful [[French colonization of the Americas]]. He promoted trade and industry, and prioritized the construction of roads, bridges, and canals to facilitate communication within France and strengthen the country's cohesion. These efforts stimulated economic growth and improved living standards. While the Edict of Nantes brought religious peace to France, some hardline Catholics and Huguenots remained dissatisfied, leading to occasional outbreaks of violence and conspiracies. Henry IV also faced resistance from certain noble factions who opposed his centralization policies, leading to political instability. His main foreign policy success was the [[Peace of Vervins]] in 1598, which made peace in the long-running conflict with Spain. He formed a strategic alliance with England. He also forged alliances with Protestant states, such as the Dutch Republic and several German states, to counter the Catholic powers. His policies contributed to the stability and prominence of France in European affairs. ==Early life and King of Navarre== ===Childhood and adolescence=== [[File:Henry III on his deathbed designating Henri de Navarre as his successor.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Henry III of France]] on his deathbed designating Henry IV of Navarre as his successor (1589)]] '''Henry de Bourbon''' was born in [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]], the capital of the joint [[Kingdom of Navarre]] with the sovereign principality of [[Viscounty of Béarn|Béarn]].{{sfn|Pitts|2009|p=1}} His parents were [[Jeanne III of Navarre]] (Jeanne d'Albret) and her husband, [[Antoine of Navarre|Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, King of Navarre]].{{sfn|Pitts|2009|p=334}} Although baptised as a Catholic, Henry was raised in the Calvinist faith by his mother,{{sfn|Kamen|2000|p=145}} who had declared Calvinism the religion of Navarre. As a teenager, Henry joined the Huguenot forces in the French Wars of Religion. On 9 June 1572, upon his mother's death, the 19-year-old became [[King of Navarre]].{{sfn|Dupuy|Johnson|Bongard|1995|p=326}} ===First marriage and Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre=== [[File:Musée national du Château de Pau - Portait d'Henri IV vers 1575 - P 82 1 1.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Portrait of Henry III of Navarre (future Henry IV of France), {{circa|1575}}]] At the death of his mother Queen Jeanne, it was arranged for Henry to marry [[Margaret of Valois]], daughter of [[Henry II of France]] and [[Catherine de' Medici]]. The wedding took place in [[Paris]] on 18 August 1572 on the [[parvis]] of [[Notre Dame Cathedral]].{{sfn|Knecht|1998|p=153}} On 24 August, the [[St. Bartholomew's Day massacre]] began in Paris. Several thousand Protestants who had come to Paris for Henry's wedding were killed, as well as thousands more throughout the country in the days that followed. Henry narrowly escaped death thanks to the help of his wife and his promise to convert to Catholicism. He was forced to live at the court of France, but he escaped in early 1576. On 5 February of that year, he formally abjured Catholicism at [[Tours]] and rejoined the Protestant forces in the military conflict.{{sfn|Dupuy|Johnson|Bongard|1995|p=326}} He named his 16-year-old sister, [[Catherine de Bourbon]], regent of Béarn. Catherine held the regency for nearly thirty years. ===Wars of Religion=== {{Further|French Wars of Religion}} [[File:King Henry IV in his coronation robes, by Frans Pourbus the Younger.jpg|thumb|King Henry IV in his coronation robes, by [[Frans Pourbus the Younger]]]] Henry became [[heir presumptive]] to the French throne in 1584 upon the death of [[Francis, Duke of Anjou]], brother and heir to the Catholic [[Henry III of France|Henry III]], who had succeeded [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]] in 1574. Given that Henry of Navarre was the next senior [[Patrilineality|agnatic]] descendant of King [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]], King Henry III had no choice but to recognise him as the legitimate successor.{{Sfn|Baird|1886|p=269 (vol. 1)}} ====War of the Three Henrys (1587–1589)==== {{Main|War of the Three Henrys}} A conflict for the throne of France then ensued, contested by these three men and their respective supporters: * King [[Henry III of France]], supported by the royalists and the [[politique]]s; * King Henry of Navarre, heir presumptive to the French throne and leader of the [[Huguenot]]s, supported by [[Elizabeth I of England]] and the Protestant princes of Germany; and * [[Henry I, Duke of Guise|Henry I of Lorraine]], Duke of Guise, leader of the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]], funded and supported by [[Philip II of Spain]]. [[Salic law]] barred inheritance by the king's sisters and all others who could claim descent through only the female line. However, since Henry of Navarre was a Huguenot, many Catholics refused to acknowledge the succession, and France was plunged into a phase of the Wars of Religion known as the [[War of the Three Henrys]] (1587–1589). The Duke of Guise pushed for complete suppression of the Huguenots and had much support among Catholic loyalists. Political disagreements among the parties set off a series of campaigns and counter-campaigns that culminated in the [[Battle of Coutras]].{{Sfn|Baird|1886|p=431 (vol. 1)}} In December 1588, King Henry III had the Duke of Guise murdered,{{Sfn|Baird|1886|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oKRWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA96 96] (vol. 2)}} along with his brother Louis, Cardinal of Guise,{{Sfn|Baird|1886|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oKRWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA103 103] (vol. 2)}} thinking the removal of the brothers would restore his authority. However, the populace was horrified and rose against him. The King was no longer recognized in several cities; his effective power was limited to [[Blois]], Tours, and the surrounding districts. In the general chaos, Henry III relied on Henry of Navarre and his Huguenots. The two kings were united by a common interest—to win France from the Catholic League. Henry III recognized the King of Navarre as a true subject and Frenchman, not a fanatic Huguenot aiming to subjugate Catholics, and Catholic royalist nobles also rallied to them. With this combined force, the two kings marched to Paris. The morale of the city was low, and even the Spanish ambassador believed the city could not hold out longer than a fortnight. However, on 2 August 1589, a monk infiltrated Henry III's camp and assassinated him.{{Sfn|Baird|1886|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oKRWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA156 156–157] (vol. 2)}} ==King of France: Early reign== ===Succession (1589–1594)=== {{Main|Succession of Henry IV of France}} [[File:Henri IV à la bataille d'Arques 21 septembre 1589.jpeg|thumb|Henry IV at the [[Battle of Arques]]]] [[File:Ivryrubens.jpg|thumb|''Henry IV at the [[Battle of Ivry]]'', by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]]] When Henry III died, his ninth cousin once removed, Henry of Navarre, nominally became king of France. The Catholic League, however, strengthened by foreign support—especially from Spain—was strong enough to prevent a universal recognition of his new title. [[Pope Sixtus V]] excommunicated Henry and declared him ineligible to inherit the crown.{{sfn|Knecht|2014|p=238}} Most of the Catholic nobles who had joined Henry III for the siege of Paris also refused to recognize Henry of Navarre, and abandoned him. He set about winning his kingdom by force of arms, aided by English money and German troops. Henry's Catholic uncle [[Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (born 1523)|Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon]] was proclaimed king by the League, but the Cardinal was Henry's prisoner at the time.{{Sfn|Baird|1886|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oKRWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA180 180] (vol. 2)}} Henry was victorious at the [[Battle of Arques]] and the [[Battle of Ivry]], but failed to take Paris after [[Siege of Paris (1590)|besieging it]] in 1590.{{Sfn|Baird|1886|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oKRWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA181 181] (vol. 2)}} [[File:Henry IV en Herculeus terrassant l Hydre de Lerne cad La ligue Catholique Atelier Toussaint Dubreuil circa 1600.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Henry IV, as [[Hercules]], vanquishing the [[Lernaean Hydra]] (i.e. the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]]), by [[Toussaint Dubreuil]], {{Circa|1600}}]] When Cardinal de Bourbon died in 1590, the League could not agree on a new candidate at the [[Estates General of 1593|Estates General]] called to settle the question, also attended by the envoys of Spain. While some supported various Guise candidates, the strongest candidate was probably the [[Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain]], daughter of [[Philip II of Spain]], whose mother [[Elisabeth of Valois|Elisabeth]] had been the eldest daughter of [[Henry II of France]].<ref>Holt, Mack P., ''The French Wars of Religion, 1562–2011'', ([[Cambridge University Press]], 1995), p. 148</ref> In the religious fervor of the time, the Infanta was considered a suitable queen, provided she married a suitable husband. The French overwhelmingly rejected Philip's first choice, [[Archduke Ernest of Austria]], the Emperor's brother, also a member of the [[House of Habsburg]]. In case of such opposition, Philip indicated that princes of the House of Lorraine would be acceptable to him: the Duke of Guise; a son of the Duke of Lorraine; and the son of the Duke of Mayenne. The Spanish ambassadors selected the Duke of Guise, to the joy of the League. However, at that moment of seeming victory, the envy of the Duke of Mayenne was aroused, and he blocked the proposed election of a king. [[File:France Nuremberg King Henri IV jeton Hans Laufer.jpg|thumb|[[Jeton]] with portrait of King Henry IV, made in [[Nuremberg]] (Germany) by Hans Laufer]] The [[Parlement]] of Paris also upheld the Salic law. They argued that if the French accepted natural hereditary succession, as proposed by the Spaniards, and accepted a woman as their queen, then the ancient claims of the English kings would be confirmed, and the monarchy of centuries past would be rendered illegal.<ref>Ranke, Leopold. ''Civil Wars and Monarchy in France'', p. 467</ref> The Parlement admonished Mayenne, as lieutenant-general, that the kings of France had resisted the interference of the pope in political matters, and that he should not raise a foreign prince or princess to the throne of France under the pretext of religion. Mayenne was angered that he had not been consulted prior to this admonishment, but yielded, since their aim was not contrary to his present views. Despite these setbacks for the League, Henry remained unable to take control of Paris. ===Conversion to Catholicism: "Paris is well worth a Mass" (1593)=== [[File:Entrance of Henry IV in Paris 22 March 1594.jpg|thumb|Entrance of Henry IV in Paris, 22 March 1594, with 1,500 [[cuirassier]]s]] On 25 July 1593, with the encouragement of his mistress, {{lang|fr|[[Gabrielle d'Estrées]]|italic=no}}, Henry permanently renounced Protestantism and converted to Catholicism to secure his hold on the French crown,{{sfn|Holt|1995|p=149}} thereby earning the resentment of the [[Huguenots]] and his ally [[Elizabeth I of England]]. He was said to have declared that {{lang|fr|Paris vaut bien une messe}} ("Paris is well worth a [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]]"),<ref name="Horne">Alistair Horne, ''Seven Ages of Paris'', Random House (2004)</ref><ref name="Guizot">F.P.G. [[Guizot]] (1787–1874) ''A Popular History of France...'', [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11951 gutenberg.org]</ref><ref>Janel Mueller & Joshua Scodel, eds, ''Elizabeth I'', University of Chicago Press (2009)</ref> although the attribution is doubtful.<ref>G. de Berthier de Savigny in his ''Histoire de France'' (1977 p. 167) claims that the Calvinists in revenge attributed the phrase to him.</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=Paul|last1=Désalmand|first2=Yves|last2=Stalloni|title=Petit Inventaire des Citations Malmenées|year=2009|lang=fr|publisher=Albin Michel|isbn=9782226193278}}{{page needed|date=September 2010}}</ref> His acceptance of Catholicism secured the allegiance of the vast majority of his subjects. ===Coronation and recognition (1594–1595)=== Since [[Reims]], traditional coronation place of French kings, was still occupied by the Catholic League, Henry was crowned King of France at the [[Cathedral of Chartres]] on 27 February 1594.{{sfn|Knecht|2013|p=269}} [[Pope Clement VIII]] [[Philip Neri#Political activity|lifted excommunication]] from Henry on 17 September 1595.{{sfn|Knecht|2013|p=270}} He did not forget his former Calvinist coreligionists, however, and was known for his religious tolerance. In 1598 he issued the [[Edict of Nantes]], which granted circumscribed liberties to the Huguenots.{{Sfn|de La Croix|1979|pp=179–180}} ===Civil war and the Edict of Nantes=== Henry IV successfully ended the civil wars. He and his ministers appeased Catholic leaders using bribes of about 7 million écus, a sum greater than France's annual revenue. In combination with other fiscal problems, the king was faced with a financial crisis by the middle of the 1590s. In response to this crisis, Henry resolved to convene an [[1596 Assembly of Notables|Assembly of Notables]] in November 1596 that he hoped would approve the creation of new royal revenues.{{sfn|Babelon|2009|p=726}}{{sfn|Major|1974|p=11}} The assembly approved the creation of a new tax on goods entering towns that would be known as the ''pancarte'', however in 1597 the crown was again rocked by military crisis when the [[Siege of Amiens (1597)#Spanish capture of Amiens|Spanish seized Amiens]].{{sfn|Parker|1979|p=117}}{{sfn|Le Roux|2022|p=371}}{{sfn|Babelon|2009|p=727}}{{sfn|Pernot|1987|p=171}} Huguenot leaders were placated by the [[Edict of Nantes]], which had four separate sections. The articles laid down the tolerance which would be accorded to the Huguenots including the exact places where worship may or may not take place, the recognition of three Protestant universities, and the allowance of Protestant synods. The king also issued two personal documents (called ''brevets'') which recognized the Protestant establishment. The Edict of Nantes signed religious tolerance into law, and the brevets were an act of benevolence that created a Protestant state within France.{{Sfn|Parker|1979|p=117}} Despite this, it would take years to restore law and order to France. The Edict was met by opposition from the ''parlements'', which objected to the guarantees offered to Protestants. The [[Parlement de Normandie|Parlement de Rouen]] did not formally register the edict until 1609, although it begrudgingly observed its terms.{{Sfn|Briggs|1977|pp=33–34}} ==Later reign== ===Domestic policies=== [[File:Henri IV on Horseback Trampling his Enemy. Bronze, circa 1615-1620 CE. From France, probably Paris. The Victoria and Albert Museum, London.jpg|thumb|left|''Henri IV on Horseback Trampling his Enemy''. [[Bronze]], c. 1615–1620. From France, probably Paris. [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], London]] During his reign, Henry IV worked through the minister [[Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully]], to regularize state finance, promote agriculture, drain swamps, undertake public works, and encourage education. He established the ''Collège Royal Henri-le-Grand'' in [[La Flèche]] (today the [[Prytanee|Prytanée Militaire de la Flèche]]). He and Sully protected forests from further devastation, built a system of tree-lined highways, and constructed bridges and canals. He had a 1200-metre canal built in the park at the [[Château Fontainebleau]] (which may be fished today) and ordered the planting of pines, elms, and fruit trees. [[File:Itinéraire de Pyrard de Laval.JPG|thumb|Itinerary of [[François Pyrard de Laval]] (1601–1611)]] The King restored Paris as a great city, with the [[Pont Neuf]], which still stands today, constructed over the river [[Seine]] to connect the [[Rive Droite|Right]] and [[Rive Gauche|Left Bank]]s of the city. Henry IV also built the ''Place Royale'' (known since 1800 as [[Place des Vosges]]), and added the ''Grande Galerie'' to the [[Louvre Palace]]. Stretching more than 400 metres along the Seine river bank, at the time it was the longest edifice of its kind in the world. He promoted the arts among all classes of people, and invited hundreds of artists and craftsmen to live and work on the building's lower floors. This tradition continued for another two hundred years, until ended by [[Napoleon I]]. The art and architecture of his reign have become known as the [[Henry IV style]]. Economically, Henry IV sought to reduce imports of foreign goods to [[Protectionism|support domestic manufacturing]]. To this end, new sumptuary laws limited the use of imported gold and silver cloth. He also built royal factories to produce luxuries such as crystal glass, silk, satin, and tapestries (at [[Gobelins Manufactory]] and [[Savonnerie manufactory]] workshops). The king re-established silk weaving in [[Tours]] and [[Lyon]], and increased [[linen]] production in [[Picardy]] and [[Brittany]]. He had distributed 16,000 free copies of the practical manual ''The Theatre of Agriculture'' by Olivier de Serres.{{Sfn|Parker|1979|p=120}} King Henry's vision extended beyond France, and he financed several expeditions of [[Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts]] and [[Samuel de Champlain]] to North America.<ref name=harris>{{cite journal|last1=Harris|first1=Carolyn|date=Aug 2017|title=The Queen's land|journal=Canada's History|volume=97|issue=4|pages=34–43|issn=1920-9894}}</ref> France laid claim to [[New France]] (now Canada).{{Sfn|de La Croix|1979|p=182}} ===International relations=== [[File:Emanuel van Meteren Historie ppn 051504510 MG 8766 Hendrik III van Frankrijk.tif|thumb|upright|Engraving of Henry IV]] [[File:Henri IV demi ecu Saint Lo 1589.jpg|thumb|upright|Demi-[[écu]] coin of Henry IV, [[Saint Lô]] (1589)]] During the reign of Henry IV, rivalry continued among France, [[Habsburg]] Spain, and the [[Holy Roman Empire]] for the mastery of Western Europe. The conflict was not resolved until after the [[Thirty Years' War]]. ====Spain and Italy==== {{Further|French Wars of Religion#War with Spain (1595–1598)}} During Henry's struggle for the crown, Spain had been the principal backer of the Catholic League, and it tried to thwart Henry. Under [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|the Duke of Parma]], an army from the [[Spanish Netherlands]] intervened in 1590 against Henry and foiled his siege of Paris. Another Spanish army helped the Catholic League nobles opposing Henry to win the [[Battle of Craon]] in 1592. The Spanish war was not ended with Henry's coronation, but after his victory at the [[Siege of Amiens]] in September 1597, the [[Peace of Vervins]] was signed in 1598. This freed his armies to settle the [[Franco-Savoyard War (1600–1601)|dispute]] with the [[Duchy of Savoy]], ending with the [[Treaty of Lyon (1601)|Treaty of Lyon of 1601]], which arranged territorial exchanges. One of Henry's major problems was the [[Spanish Road]] which traversed Spanish territory through [[Savoy]] to the Low Countries. His first opportunity to cut the Spanish Road was a dispute over the ownership of the [[Marquisate of Saluzzo]]. The last marquis left Saluzzo to the French crown in 1548 (when Savoy was occupied by France), but the territory became disputed during the chaos of the Wars of Religion. The pope was asked to [[papal arbitration|arbitrate]] between the claims of France and the Duke of Savoy. The Duke offered to cede [[Bresse]] to France if he could retain Saluzzo. Henri IV accepted this, but Spain objected that Bresse was a vital part of the Spanish Road, and persuaded the Duke to reject the decision. Henry IV was already at [[Lyon]] and had soldiers ready, and four days later he marched fifty thousand men against the duchy, occupying almost all of its area west of the Alps. In January 1601, Henry accepted another offer of papal arbitration and gained not only Bresse, but [[Bugey]] and [[Gex, Ain|Gex]]. Savoy retained a narrow corridor through the [[Val de Chézery]]. This still allowed Spanish troops to cross from [[Lombardy]] to [[Franche Comté]] without going through France, but it created a choke point where the Spanish Road was a single bridge across the [[Rhône River]].{{Sfn|Parker|1979|pp=122–124}} The Saluzzo conflict was Henry IV's last major military operation, but he continued to finance Spain's enemies. He generously assisted the [[Dutch Republic]] with over 12 million livres between 1598 and 1610. In some years, the payment was 10% of France's total annual budget. France also sent subsidies to [[Geneva]] after the Duke of Savoy [[L'Escalade|attempted to capture the city]] in 1602.{{Sfn|Parker|1979|pp=122–124}} ====Holy Roman Empire==== In 1609, the death of the childless [[John William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg|Johann William]], [[United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg|Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]], meant that the succession of the wealthy Duchies were in dispute. Henry aimed to maintain peace among the Protestant princes of the Holy Roman Empire to present a united front against the Habsburgs. To achieve this, Henry encouraged a peaceful settlement over the succession between the two main protestant claimants: [[Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg|Wolfgang Wilhelm of Palatinate-Neuburg]] and [[John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg|Johann Sigismund of Brandenburg]]. He communicated this with [[Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel]], a significant Protestant leader, who then sought to facilitate an agreement between Wolfgang and Johann Sigismund. When peace was negotiated in the [[Treaty of Dortmund (1609)|Treaty of Dortmund]], Henry sent congratulatory messages to the Protestant claimants, and voiced his support, particularly against the Habsburgs who were likely to challenge the treaty.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=Alison D.|title=On the verge of war: international relations and the Jülich-Kleve succession crises (1609–1614)|date=1999|publisher=Humanities Press|isbn=978-0-391-04092-2|series=Studies in Central European histories|location=Boston}}</ref> When Habsburg forces invaded Jülich, starting the [[War of the Jülich Succession]], Henry decided to act. On 29 July, after consulting his advisors, Henry ordered a French army to support the Protestant claimants.<ref name=":0" /> [[Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully]], his financial advisor, was particularly keen on joining the war, as France's finances at the time were secure. Henry declared that he was defending the rights of the Imperial princes, and also that he was honoring his previously agreements to defend the Protestant claimants. Henry also was seeking to curb the power of the Habsburgs.<ref name=":0" /> Henry's actions faced critique. Some saw him as a warmonger. The [[Pope|Papacy]] in particular was concerned that Henry was supporting Protestant princes. Henry responded to the papacy declaring that he was keeping the peace.<ref name=":0" /> When Habsburg ambassadors told Henry that he was contributing to the decline of Catholicism by supporting the Protestant claimants, Henry declared that he was merely trying to contain the Habsburgs. He also warned the Papacy to keep religion out of succession affairs. France assured the Protestant princes of the Empire that despite being Catholic, the French would still provide aid. Henry also sought to gain the aid of the English and Dutch. Henry greatly pressured the Dutch for support, appealing directly to [[States General of the Netherlands|states-general.]]<ref name=":0" /> Despite Henry's defense of the Protestant princes during the Jülich War, many of the German states distrusted him. Afterall, Henry had converted to Catholicism in 1593. Also, France owed debts to some German states, which France struggled to repay. There were also concerns that Henry sought to become Emperor. It was widely believed that in 1610 Henry was preparing to escalate the war against the [[Holy Roman Empire]], which was prevented by his assassination and the subsequent rapprochement with Spain under the regency of [[Marie de' Medici]]. ====Ottoman Empire==== [[File:Savary Franco Ottoman Capitulations 1615.jpg|thumb|upright|Bilingual Franco-Turkish translation of the 1604 [[Franco-Ottoman alliance|Franco-Ottoman Capitulations]] between Sultan [[Ahmed I]] and Henry IV of France, published by [[François Savary de Brèves]] (1615)<ref name="Bosworth">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvwUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA799|title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Fascicules 111–112: Masrah Mawlid|page=799|access-date=19 December 2010|isbn=978-9004092396|last1=Bosworth|first1=Clifford Edmund|date=1989|publisher=Brill}}</ref>]] Even before Henry's accession to the French throne, the French Huguenots were in contact with Aragonese [[Moriscos]] in plans against the Habsburg government of Spain in the 1570s.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGJjSvehY5MC&pg=PA311|title=Divided by Faith|access-date=19 December 2010|isbn=978-0674024304|last1=Kaplan|first1=Benjamin J|last2=Emerson|first2=Michael O|page=311|year=2007|publisher=Harvard University Press}}</ref> Around 1575, plans were made for a combined attack of Aragonese Moriscos and Huguenots from [[Béarn]] under Henry against Spanish [[Aragon]], in agreement with the Dey of [[Ottoman Algeria|Algiers]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]], but this project floundered with the arrival of [[John of Austria]] in Aragon and the disarmament of the Moriscos.<ref name="Lea">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7wHczu6E60C&pg=PA281|page=281|title=The Moriscos of Spain: Their Conversion and Expulsion|isbn=978-0543959713|last1=Lea|first1=Henry Charles|date=1999|publisher=Adegi Graphics LLC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U-kQJr-D_ikC&pg=PA343|title=Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614|author=L.P. Harvey|page=343|access-date=19 December 2010|isbn=978-0226319650|year=2008|publisher=University of Chicago Press}}</ref> In 1576, a three-pronged Ottoman fleet from [[Constantinople]] was planned to disembark between [[Murcia]] and [[Valencia]] while the French Huguenots would invade from the north and the Moriscos accomplish their uprising, but the fleet failed to arrive.<ref name="Lea"/> After his crowning, Henry continued the policy of a [[Franco-Ottoman alliance]] and received an embassy from Sultan [[Mehmed III]] in 1601.<ref>{{cite book|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDljPtPJLbkC&pg=PA9|title=East Encounters West: France and the Ottoman Empire in the Eighteenth Century|isbn=978-0195364330|last1=Gocek|first1=Fatma Muge|year=1987|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref name="Randall"/> In 1604, a "Peace Treaty and [[Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire|Capitulation]]" was signed between Henry IV and the Ottoman Sultan [[Ahmed I]], granting France numerous advantages in the Ottoman Empire.<ref name="Randall">{{cite book|last=Ziegler|first=Karl-Heinz|author-link=:de:Karl-Heinz Ziegler|editor-last=Lesaffer|editor-first=Randall|editor-link=Randall Lesaffer|date=2004|title=Peace Treaties and International Law in European History: From the Late Middle Ages to World War One|chapter=The peace treaties of the Ottoman Empire with European Christian powers|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=onB5AuYREQ4C&pg=PA343|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=343|isbn=978-0-521-82724-9}}</ref> In 1606–07, Henry IV sent [[Arnoult de Lisle]] as Ambassador to [[Morocco]] to request the observance of past friendship treaties. An embassy was sent to [[Ottoman Tunisia]] in 1608 led by [[François Savary de Brèves]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EGVu8HA4DhAC&pg=PA59|page=59|title=The Regency of Tunis and the Ottoman Porte, 1777–1814: Army and Government of a North-African Eyâlet at the End of the Eighteenth Century|isbn=978-0203987223|last1=Moalla|first1=Asma|year=2003|publisher=SUNY Press}}</ref> ====East Asia==== {{Further|France-Asia relations}} Under Henry IV, various enterprises were set up to develop long-distance trade. In December 1600, a company was formed through the association of [[Saint-Malo]], [[Laval, Mayenne|Laval]], and [[Vitré, Ille-et-Vilaine|Vitré]] to trade with the [[Maluku Islands|Moluccas]] and Japan.<ref name="Lach">''Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 1'', [[Donald F. Lach]] pp. 93–94 [https://books.google.com/books?id=PjVKjJ-WgOYC&pg=PA94]</ref> Two ships, the ''Croissant'' and the ''Corbin'', were sent around the [[Cape of Good Hope]] in May 1601. The ''Corbin'' was wrecked in the [[Maldives]], leading to the adventure of [[François Pyrard de Laval]], who managed to return to France in 1611.<ref name="Lach"/><ref name="Cambridge">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA61|title=The Cambridge History of the British Empire, volume 2|access-date=19 December 2010|last1=Newton|first1=Arthur Percival|page=61|year=1936}}</ref> The ''Croissant'', carrying [[François Martin de Vitré]], reached [[Ceylon]] and traded with [[Aceh Sultanate|Aceh]] in [[Sumatra]], but was captured by the Dutch on the return leg at [[Cape Finisterre]].<ref name="Lach"/><ref name="Cambridge"/> François Martin de Vitré was the first Frenchman to write an account of travels to the Far East in 1604, at the request of Henry IV.<ref name="Making">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqTQjve2VLsC&pg=RA1-PA393|title=Asia in the Making of Europe|page=393|access-date=19 December 2010|isbn=978-0226467658|last1=Lach|first1=Donald F|last2=Van Kley|first2=Edwin J|year=1998|publisher=University of Chicago Press}}</ref> From 1604 to 1609, following the return of François Martin de Vitré, Henry attempted to set up a [[French East India Company]] on the model of England and the Netherlands.<ref name="Cambridge"/><ref name="Making"/><ref>''A history of modern India, 1480–1950'', Claude Markovits p. 144: The account of the experiences of François Martin de Vitré "incited the king to create a company in the image of that of the United Provinces"</ref> On 1 June 1604, he issued letters patent to [[Dieppe, Seine-Maritime|Dieppe]] merchants to form the [[Dieppe Company]], giving them exclusive rights to Asian trade for 15 years, but no ships were sent until 1616.<ref name="Lach"/> In 1609, another adventurer, [[Pierre-Olivier Malherbe]], returned from a circumnavigation of the globe and informed Henry of his adventures.<ref name="Making"/> He had visited China and India, and met with Emperor [[Akbar]].<ref name="Making"/> ===Religion=== Historians have assessed that Henry IV was a convinced [[Calvinism|Calvinist]], and only changed his formal religious confession to achieve his political goals. Henry IV was baptized as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] on 5 January 1554. He was raised in the Reformed Tradition by his mother [[Jeanne III of Navarre]]. In 1572, after the massacre of French Calvinists, he was forced by [[Catherine de' Medici]] and the royal court to convert. In 1576, after escaping from Paris, he abjured Catholicism and returned to Calvinism. In 1593, to gain recognition as [[King of France]], he converted again to Catholicism. Although a formal Catholic, he valued his Calvinist upbringing and was tolerant toward the [[Huguenots]] until his death in 1610, and issued the [[Edict of Nantes]] which granted them many concessions. ===Nicknames=== [[File:Augustins - Henri IV, roi de France et de Navarre - Jacques Boulbène.jpg|thumb|Henry IV, [[Musée des Augustins]]]] Henry was [[List of monarchs by nickname|nicknamed]] ''Henri'' ''le Grand'' (the Great), and in France is also called ''le bon roi Henri'' (good king Henry) and ''le vert galant'' (The Green Gallant) for his numerous mistresses.<ref name=harris /><ref>l'Académie française: Dictionnaire de la langue française (Institut de France. 6th edition. 1835): '' 'C'est un vert galant' se dit d'un homme vif, alerte, qui aime beaucoup les femmes et qui s'empresse à leur plaire.'' É.Littré: Dictionnaire Française (Hachette. 1863): ''Hommme vif, alerte, vigoreux et particulièrement empressé auprès de femmes.'' Grand Larousse de la Langue Française (Paris. 1973): ''Homme entreprenant auprès de femmes.'' And see Discussion under the heading Vert Galant – A look at the Dictionaries</ref> In English he is most often referred to as Henry of Navarre. === Relationship with Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency === In 1609, Henry had grown infatuated with [[Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency]], [[Princess of Condé]], much to the chagrin of her husband, [[Henri II, Prince of Condé|Henry II, Prince of Condé]]. On 28 November 1609, the Prince and Princess fled to [[Brussels]] in the [[Spanish Netherlands]]. King Henry was furious, and believed that the Prince was conspiring against him, so he threatened to raise an army of 60,000 to capture him and bring back the princess. This corresponded with the War of the Jülich Succession, so it added to the tension, especially with Spain.<ref name=":0" /> ==Assassination== Though generally well-liked, Henry was considered a heretical usurper by some Catholics and a traitor to their faith by some Protestants.<ref>Pierre Miquel, ''Les Guerres de religion'', Paris, Club France Loisirs (1980) {{ISBN|2-7242-0785-8}}, p. 399</ref> Henry was the target of at least 12 assassination attempts, including by [[Pierre Barrière]] in August 1593{{Sfn|Baird|1886|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oKRWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 367] (vol. 2)}} and by [[Jean Châtel]] in December 1594.{{Sfn|Baird|1886|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oKRWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA368 368] (vol. 2)}} Henry was killed in Paris on 14 May 1610 by [[François Ravaillac]], a Catholic zealot who stabbed him while his coach was stopped on [[Rue de la Ferronnerie]]. The carriage was stopped by traffic congestion associated with the Queen's coronation ceremony, as depicted in the engraving by [[Gaspar Bouttats]].<ref>de l'Estoile, Pierre. ''Journal du règne de Henri IV''. Paris: Gallimard, 1960. p. 84</ref><ref>Knecht, Robert J. "The Murder of ''le roi Henri''". ''History Today'', May 2010.</ref> [[Hercule de Rohan, duc de Montbazon|Hercule de Rohan]], riding in the coach with the king, was wounded in the attack but survived. Ravaillac was immediately seized, and executed days later. Henry was buried at the [[Saint Denis Basilica]]. His widow, [[Marie de' Medici]], served as regent for their nine-year-old son, [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]], until 1617.{{Sfn|Moote|1989|p=41}} <gallery class="center" heights="150px" mode="packed"> File:Assassination of Henry IV by Gaspar Bouttats.jpg|''Assassination of Henry IV'',<br/>engraving by [[Gaspar Bouttats]] File:François Ravaillac.jpg|His assassin, François Ravaillac, brandishing his dagger File:Pierre Firens - Le Roi Est Mort continues at the Palace of Versailles - 1610.jpg|Pierre Firens - "Le Roi Est Mort continues at the Palace of Versailles". 1610 File:Henry IV of France as he lay in state after his murder in the year 1610, engraving after Quesnel - Gallica 2010 (adjusted).jpg|Lying in state at the [[Louvre Palace|Louvre]], engraving after [[François Quesnel]] </gallery> ==Legacy== {{more citations needed section|date=February 2013}} [[File:Fouquet et henri IV.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Henri IV, [[Marie de' Medici]] and family]] [[File:Lyon_1er_-_Place_des_Terreaux_-_Façade_de_l'Hôtel_de_ville,_sculptures_devant_le_beffroi,_statue_d'Henry_IV.jpeg|thumb|Relief of Henry IV on the facade of the [[Hôtel de Ville, Lyon]]]] In 1614, four years after Henry IV's death, his [[Equestrian statue of Henry IV|statue]] was erected on the [[Pont Neuf]]. During the early phase of the [[French Revolution]], when it aimed to create a [[constitutional monarchy]] rather than a republic, Henry IV was held up as a model for King [[Louis XVI]]. When the Revolution radicalized and came to reject monarchy altogether, Henry IV's statue was torn down along with other royal monuments. It was nevertheless the first to be rebuilt, in 1818, and it still stands on the Pont Neuf today.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thompson|first=Victoria E.|date=2012|title=The Creation, Destruction and Recreation of Henri IV: Seeing Popular Sovereignty in the Statue of a King|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/histmemo.24.2.5|journal=History and Memory|volume=24|issue=2|pages=5–40|doi=10.2979/histmemo.24.2.5|jstor=10.2979/histmemo.24.2.5|s2cid=159942339|issn=0935-560X}}</ref> Henry IV was much lauded during the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]], as the restored dynasty was keen to play down the controversial reigns of [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]] and [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] in favor of Good King Henry.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=Kimberly A.|date=1993|title=Henri IV and the Decorative Arts of the Bourbon Restoration, 1814–1830: A Study in Politics and Popular Taste|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40662302|journal=Studies in the Decorative Arts|volume=1|issue=1|pages=2–21|doi=10.1086/studdecoarts.1.1.40662302|jstor=40662302|s2cid=156578524|issn=1069-8825}}</ref> The song [[Marche Henri IV]] (Long Live Henry IV) was popular.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vive Henri IV!|url=http://www.henri-iv.culture.fr/medias/en/pdf/0/756_10.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106070132/http://www.henri-iv.culture.fr/medias/en/pdf/0/756_10.pdf|archive-date=6 January 2017|access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> After the assassination of the [[Dauphin of France|dauphin]] [[Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry]] by a Republican fanatic, seven months later his widow [[Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily|Princess Caroline]] gave birth to [[Henri, comte de Chambord|their son]], heir to the throne of France, and conspicuously named him Henri after his royal forefather. The boy was baptised with [[Jurançon wine]] and garlic in the tradition of Béarn and Navarre, as Henry IV had been baptised in Pau.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Henri IV baptisé à l'ail et au Jurançon / L'Histoire étonnante / Histoire thématique {{!}} Prohistoire|url=https://www.prohistoire.fr/histoire-thematique/l-histoire-etonnante/1661175_henri-iv-baptise-a-l-ail-et-au-jurancon|access-date=2024-06-23|website=prohistoire.fr|language=fr}}</ref> Henry serves as a loose inspiration for the character Ferdinand, King of Navarre, in William Shakespeare's 1590s play ''[[Love's Labour's Lost]]''.<ref>[[George Richard Hibbard|G.R. Hibbard]] (editor), ''Love's Labour's Lost'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 1990), p. 49</ref> [[File:Henri IV, roi de France, à cheval devant Paris – Musée Carnavalet CARP1671 – Collections Paris(dot)fr (adjusted).jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[Equestrian portrait]] of Henry IV of France with a view of [[Paris]] to the north of the [[River Seine]]. To his left, the Bullant Pavilion of the [[Tuileries Palace]], and In the background, [[Montmartre Abbey]]. To his right, the Tour du Bois behind the [[wall of Charles V]], and further right, the [[Louvre Palace]], {{circa|1595}}]] A 1661 biography, ''Histoire du Roy Henry le Grand,''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perefixe|first=Hardouin de Beaumont|url=https://www.biblio.com/book/histoire-roy-henry-grand-perefixe-hardouin/d/1247799599|title=Histoire du Roy Henry le Grand|date=1664|publisher=Daniel Elzevier|edition=3rd|location=Amsterdam}}</ref> was written by [[Hardouin de Péréfixe de Beaumont]] for the edification of Henry's grandson [[Louis XIV]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardouin|first=Paul Philippe|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k733061.pdf|title=Histoire de Henri-le-Grand, roi de France et de Navarre : suivie d'un recueil de quelques belles actions et paroles mémorables de ce prince|publisher=C. Lacour|year=1661|edition=Réédition|location=Nîmes}}</ref> A 1663 English translation was published for another grandson, King [[Charles II of England]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The life of Henry the Fourth of France, Translated from the French of Perefix, by m. le moine, One of his most Christian Majesty's Gentlemen in Ordinary by Perefixe de Beaumont, Paul Philippe Hardouin de]: (1785) {{!}} Antiquates Ltd – ABA, ILAB|url=https://www.abebooks.com/life-henry-fourth-france-Translated-French/30504441976/bd|access-date=11 November 2021|website=abebooks.com}}</ref> On 14 September 1788, when anti-tax riots broke out during the incipient [[French Revolution]], rioters stopped travellers and demanded they dismount to salute Henry IV's statue.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Great French Revolution, 1789–1793|chapter=Chapter 5|author=Peter Kropotkin|year=1909|quote=Three weeks later, September 14, 1788, when the retirement of Lamoignon became known, the riotings were renewed. The mob rushed to set fire to the houses of the two ministers, Lamoignon and Brienne, as well as to that of Dubois. The troops were called out, and in the Rue Mélée and the Rue de Grenelle there was a horrible slaughter of poor folk who could not defend themselves. Dubois fled from Paris. "The people themselves would execute justice," said Les deux amis de la liberté. Later still, in October 1788, when the parlement that had been banished to Troyes was recalled, "the clerks and the populace" illuminated the Place Dauphine for several evenings in succession. They demanded money from the passersby to expend on fireworks, and forced gentlemen to alight from their carriages to salute the statue of Henri Quatre.|translator=N. F. Dryhurst|publisher=New York: Vanguard Printings|url=http://www.revoltlib.com/?id=217}}</ref> Henry's minister Sully published his ''Royal Economies'' in 1611 after de Sully's fall from power, but subsequent research has shown that it exaggerates the economic accomplishments of Sully's ministry. Many of the official source documents were altered, or even forged to make them more impressive.{{Sfn|Parker|1979|p=115}} ==Genealogy== {{Main| Henry IV of France's succession}} ===Ancestry=== {{ahnentafel |collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=<ref>{{Cite book|first1=Neil D.|last1=Thompson|first2=Charles M.|last2=Hansen|title=The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England|series=American Society of Genealogists|date=2012}}</ref> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1 = 1. '''Henry IV of France''' |2 = 2. [[Antoine of Navarre|Anthony of Navarre]] |3 = 3. [[Jeanne d'Albret]] |4 = 4. [[Charles, Duke of Vendôme]] |5 = 5. [[Françoise of Alençon]] |6 = 6. [[Henry II of Navarre]] |7 = 7. [[Marguerite de Navarre|Marguerite of Angoulême]] |8 = 8. [[Francis, Count of Vendôme]] |9 = 9. [[Marie of Luxembourg, Countess of Vendôme|Marie of Luxembourg]] |10 = 10. [[René, Duke of Alençon]] |11 = 11. [[Margaret of Lorraine]] |12 = 12. [[John III of Navarre]] |13 = 13. [[Catherine of Navarre]] |14 = 14. [[Charles, Count of Angoulême]] |15 = 15. [[Louise of Savoy]] }} ==Marriages and legitimate children== {{Main|Descendants of Henry IV of France|Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses}} On 18 August 1572, Henry married his second cousin [[Margaret of Valois]]. The marriage was not a happy one, and the couple was childless. Henry and Margaret separated even before Henry acceded to the throne in August 1589; Margaret retired to the [[Château d'Usson]] in the [[Auvergne (province)|Auvergne]] and lived there for many years. After Henry became king of France, it was of the utmost importance that he provide an heir to the crown to avoid the problem of a disputed succession. Henry favoured the idea of obtaining an annulment of his marriage to Margaret and marrying his mistress Gabrielle d'Estrées, who had already borne him three children. Henry's councillors strongly opposed this idea, but the matter was resolved unexpectedly by Gabrielle's sudden death in the early hours of 10 April 1599, after she had given birth to a premature stillborn son. His marriage to Margaret was annulled in 1599. On 17 December 1600, Henry married [[Marie de' Medici]], daughter of [[Francesco I de' Medici]], [[Grand Duke of Tuscany]], and [[Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany|Archduchess Joanna of Austria]].{{sfn|Pitts|2009|p=229}} For the [[royal entry]] of Marie into [[Avignon]] on 19 November 1600, the citizens bestowed on Henry the title of the ''Hercule Gaulois'' ("Gallic Hercules"), concocting a genealogy that traced the House of Navarre back to a nephew of [[Hercules]]' son [[Hispalus]].<ref>The official account, ''Labyrinthe royal...'' quoted in [[Jean Seznec]], ''The Survival of the Pagan Gods'', (B.F. Sessions, tr., 1995) p. 26</ref> His marriage to Marie de' Medici produced six children: {| class="wikitable" |- !Name!!Birth!!Death!!Notes |- |[[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII, King of France]]{{sfn|Pitts|2009|p=335}}||27 September 1601||14 May 1643||Married [[Anne of Austria]] in 1615 |- |[[Elisabeth of Bourbon|Elisabeth, Queen of Spain]]||22 November 1602||6 October 1644||Married [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV, King of Spain]], in 1615 |- |[[Christine Marie of France|Christine Marie, Duchess of Savoy]]||10 February 1606||27 December 1663||Married [[Victor Amadeus I of Savoy|Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy]], in 1619 |- |[[Monsieur d'Orléans]]||16 April 1607||17 November 1611|| Never baptised or named; sometimes erroneously called "Nicolas." |- |[[Gaston, Duke of Orléans]]||25 April 1608||2 February 1660||Married (1) [[Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier]], in 1626<br>Married (2) [[Marguerite of Lorraine]] in 1632 |- |[[Henrietta Maria of France|Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, Queen of Scots, and Queen of Ireland]]||25 November 1609||10 September 1669||Married [[Charles I of England|Charles I, King of England, King of Scots and King of Ireland]], in 1625 |}[[File:Médaille en argent d'Henri IV et Marie de Médicis.jpg|thumb|Henry IV and Marie de' Medici]] ==Armorial== The arms of Henry IV changed throughout his lifetime: <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> File:Armoiries Antoine de Bourbon.svg|From 1562,<br>as Prince of Béarn and Duke of Vendôme File:Henri de Bourbon Roi de Navarre.svg|From 1572,<br>as King of Navarre File:Arms of France and Navarre (1589-1790).svg|From 1589,<br>as King of France and Navarre (also used by his successors) File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg|Grand Royal Coat of Arms of Henry and the House of Bourbon as Kings of France and Navarre (1589–1789) </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} === Works cited === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|last=Babelon|first=Jean-Pierre|title=Henri IV|publisher=Fayard|year=2009}} * {{Cite book|last=Baird|first=Henry M.|title=The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|date=1886|location=New York|author-link=Henry Martyn Baird|volume=1, 2|ol=6938957M|isbn=0-4040-0540-3|oclc=491872}} * {{Cite book|last=Briggs|first=Robin|ol=4401210M|title=Early Modern France, 1560–1715|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1977|isbn=978-0-1928-9040-5}} *{{Cite book|last=de La Croix|first=Rene Duc de Castries|url=https://archive.org/details/livesofkings00cast|title=The Lives of the Kings & Queens of France|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|date=1979|isbn=978-0-3945-0734-7|location=New York|author-link=René de La Croix de Castries}} *{{Cite book|last1=Dupuy|first1=Trevor N.|title=The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography|last2=Johnson|first2=Curt|last3=Bongard|first3=David L.|publisher=Castle Books|date=1995|isbn=978-0-7858-0437-6|author-link=Trevor N. Dupuy}} *{{cite book|title=The French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629|first=Mack P.|last=Holt|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1995}} *{{Cite book|title=Who's Who in Europe 1450–1750|publisher=Routledge|date=2000|isbn=0-4151-4727-1|editor-last=Kamen|editor-first=Henry|editor-link=Henry Kamen|series=The Routledge who's who series|location=London|page=145|chapter=Henri IV Bourbon}} *{{Cite book|last=Knecht|first=Robert J.|title=Catherine de' Medici|publisher=Longman|date=1998|isbn=978-0-5820-8241-0|location=London; New York|author-link=Robert Knecht}} *{{Cite book|last=Knecht|first=Robert J.|title=The French Civil Wars: 1562–1598|publisher=Routledge|date=2013|isbn=978-0-5820-9549-6|location=London}} *{{Cite book|last=Knecht|first=Robert J.|title=Hero or Tyrant? Henry III, King of France, 1574–89|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-4724-2930-8|location=London}} * {{cite book|last=Le Roux|first=Nicolas|title=1559-1629 Les Guerres de Religion|publisher=Gallimard|year=2022}} * {{cite journal|last=Major|first=J. Russell|title=Bellièvre, Sully, and the Assembly of Notables of 1596|journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society|volume=64 2|year=1974}} * {{Cite book|last=Moote|first=A. Lloyd|ol=2040742M|title=Louis XIII, the Just|publisher=University of California Press|date=1989|isbn=978-0-5200-7546-7|location=Berkeley, California}} * {{Cite book|last=Parker|first=Geoffrey|title=Europe in Crisis: 1598–1648|publisher=Cornell University Press|date=1979|isbn=978-0-6312-2028-2|location=Ithaca, New York}} * {{cite book|last=Pernot|first=Michel|title=Les Guerres de Religion en France 1559-1598|publisher=Sedes|year=1987}} *{{Cite book|last=Pitts|first=Vincent J.|title=Henri IV of France: His Reign and Age|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|date=2009|isbn=978-1-4214-0578-0|location=Baltimore}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=TLQ-DiXXyvsC&dq=IV&pg=PR7 online] {{Refend}} == Further reading == {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book|last=Baumgartner|first=Frederic J.|title=France in the Sixteenth Century|publisher=Macmillan|date=1995|isbn=978-0-3336-2088-5|location=London}} * {{Cite book|last=Bryson|first=David M.|title=Queen Jeanne and the Promised Land: Dynasty, Homeland, Religion and Violence in Sixteenth-century France|publisher=Brill Academic|date=1999|isbn=978-9-0041-1378-7|location=Leiden; Boston, MA}} * {{Cite book|last=Buisseret|first=David|title=Henry IV, King of France|publisher=Routledge|date=1990|isbn=978-0-0444-5635-3|location=New York}} * {{Cite book|title=From Valois to Bourbon: Dynasty, State & Society in Early Modern France|publisher=University of Exeter|date=1989|isbn=978-0-8598-9310-7|editor-last=Cameron|editor-first=Keith|location=Exeter}} * Crawford, Katherine B. "The politics of promiscuity: Masculinity and heroic representation at the court of Henry IV." ''French Historical Studies'' 26.2 (2003): 225–252. * {{Cite book|last=Finley-Croswhite|first=S. Annette|title=Henry IV and the Towns: The Pursuit of Legitimacy in French Urban Society, 1589–1610|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|date=1999|isbn=978-0-5216-2017-8|location=Cambridge}} * {{Cite book|last=Frieda|first=Leonie|title=Catherine de Medici|publisher=Phoenix|date=2005|isbn=978-0-7538-2039-1|location=London|author-link=Leonie Frieda}} * {{Cite book|last=Greengrass|first=Mark|url=https://archive.org/details/franceinageofhen0000gree|title=France in the Age of Henri IV: The Struggle for Stability|publisher=Longman|date=1984|isbn=978-0-5824-9251-6|location=London|url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book|last=Holt|first=Mack P.|title=The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2005|isbn=978-0-5218-3872-6|location=Cambridge}} * {{Cite book|last=Knecht|first=Robert Jean|title=The French wars of religion 1559–1598|publisher=Routledge|date=1989|ol=2060355M|isbn=0582354560}} * {{Cite book|last=Lee|first=Maurice J.|url=https://archive.org/details/jamesihenriivess0000leem|title=James I & Henri IV: An Essay in English Foreign Policy, 1603–1610|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|date=1970|isbn=978-0-2520-0084-3|location=Urbana|url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book|last=Lloyd|first=Howell A.|title=The State, France, and the Sixteenth Century|publisher=George Allen and Unwin|date=1983|isbn=978-0-0494-0066-5|location=London}} * {{Cite book|last=Lockyer|first=Roger|title=Habsburg and Bourbon Europe, 1470–1720|publisher=Longman|date=1974|isbn=978-0-5823-5029-8|location=Harlow, UK}} * {{Cite book|last=Love|first=Ronald S.|title=Blood and Religion: The Conscience of Henri IV, 1553–1593|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|date=2001|isbn=978-0-7735-2124-7|location=Montreal}} * {{Cite book|last=Merlin|first=Paolo|title=A 400 anni dai Trattati di Bruzolo. Gli equilibri europei prima e dopo i Trattati|publisher=[[Segusium (association)|Segusium]]|date=2010|location=Susa|language=it|author-link=Paolo Merlin}} * {{Cite book|last=Major|first=J. Russell|title=From Renaissance Monarchy to Absolute Monarchy: French Kings, Nobles & Estates|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|date=1997|isbn=978-0-8018-5631-0|location=Baltimore}} * {{Cite book|last=Mousnier|first=Roland|title=The Assassination of Henry IV: The Tyrannicide Problem and the Consolidation of the French Absolute Monarchy in the Early Seventeenth Century|publisher=Faber & Faber|others=Translated by Joan Spencer|date=1973|isbn=978-0-6841-3357-7|location=London|author-link=Roland Mousnier}} * {{Cite book|last=Pettegree|first=Andrew|title=Europe in the Sixteenth Century|publisher=Blackwell|date=2002|isbn=978-0-6312-0704-7|location=Oxford}} * {{Cite book|last=Salmon|first=J.H.M.|title=Society in Crisis: France in the Sixteenth Century|publisher=Ernest Benn|date=1975|isbn=978-0-5102-6351-5|location=London}} * {{Cite book|last=Sutherland|first=N.M.|title=The Massacre of St. Bartholomew and the European Conflict, 1559–1572|publisher=Macmillan|date=1973|isbn=978-0-3331-3629-4|location=London}} * {{Cite book|last=Sutherland|first=N.M.|url=https://archive.org/details/huguenotstruggle00suth|title=The Huguenot Struggle for Recognition|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|date=1980|isbn=978-0-3000-2328-2|location=New Haven|author-mask=3}} * {{Cite book|last=Sutherland|first=N.M.|title=Princes, Politics and Religion, 1547–1589|publisher=Hambledon Press|date=1984|isbn=978-0-9076-2844-6|location=London|author-mask=3}} * {{Cite book|last=Sutherland|first=N.M.|title=Henry IV of France and the Politics of Religion, 1572–1596|publisher=Elm Bank|others=2 volumes|date=2002|isbn=978-1-8415-0846-7|location=Bristol|author-mask=3}} * Wolfe, Michael (1993). ''The Conversion of Henri IV: Politics, Power, and Religious Belief in Early Modern France''. Cambridge, MA: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-6741-7031-8}} {{Refend}} ===Fiction=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * [[George Chapman]] (1559?–1634), ''[[The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron]]'' (1608), éd. John Margeson (Manchester: [[Manchester University Press]], 1988) * [[Alexandre Dumas, père|Alexandre Dumas]], ''[[La Reine Margot (novel)|La Reine Margot]]'' (''Queen Margot'') (1845) * [[Heinrich Mann]], ''{{Lang|de|Die Jugend des Königs Henry Quatre}}'' (1935); ''{{Lang|de|Die Vollendung des Königs Henry Quatre}}'' (1938) {{In lang|de}} * Maynard, Katherine. ''Reveries of Community: French Epic in the Age of Henri IV, 1572–1616'' (Northwestern University Press, 2017). * M. de Rozoy, ''{{Lang|fr|Henri IV, Drame lyrique}}'' (1774) {{In lang|fr}} {{Refend}} == External links == *{{Commons category-inline|Henry IV of France}} *{{wikiquote-inline}} *{{wikisource author-inline}} {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[House of Bourbon]]|13 December|1553|14 May|1610|[[Capetian dynasty]]|name=Henry III of Navarre & IV of France}} {{S-reg|}} {{S-bef|before=[[Jeanne III of Navarre|Jeanne III]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of Navarrese monarchs|King of Navarre]]|years=9 June 1572 – 14 May 1610}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII and II]]}} {{s-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Henry III of France|Henry III]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of French monarchs|King of France]]|years=2 August 1589 – 14 May 1610}} {{S-reg|fr}} {{S-bef|before=[[Antoine of Navarre]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of counts and dukes of Vendôme|Duke of Vendôme]] and Beaumont<br>Count of Marle, La Fère, and Soissons|years=17 November 1562 – 2 August 1589 }} {{S-non|rows=2|reason=Merged into the [[Crown lands of France|crown]]}} {{s-break}} {{S-bef|rows=1|before=[[Jeanne III of Navarre]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Albret|Duke of Albret]]<br>[[Counts of Foix|Count of Foix]], [[Count of Armagnac|Armagnac]],<br>[[Counts of Comminges|Comminges]], [[Counts of Bigorre|Bigorre]],<br>Limoges, and Périgord<br>[[Viscounts of Béarn|Viscount of Béarn]]<br>Lord of Donezan|years=9 June 1572 – 2 August 1589}} {{s-end}} {{Monarchs of France}} {{Dukes of Vendôme}} {{Navarrese monarchs}} {{House of Bourbon(France)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Henry 04 Of France}} [[Category:Henry IV of France| ]] [[Category:1553 births]] [[Category:1610 deaths]] [[Category:16th-century kings of France]] [[Category:17th-century kings of France]] [[Category:16th-century princes of Andorra]] [[Category:17th-century princes of Andorra]] [[Category:16th-century Navarrese monarchs]] [[Category:17th-century Navarrese monarchs]] [[Category:Ancien Régime]] [[Category:Assassinated French people]] [[Category:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis]] [[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Calvinism]] [[Category:Counts of Armagnac]] [[Category:Counts of Foix]] [[Category:Deaths by stabbing in France]] [[Category:Dukes of Vendôme]] [[Category:French Calvinist and Reformed Christians]] [[Category:French Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Heirs presumptive to the French throne]] [[Category:House of Bourbon]] [[Category:Knights of the Garter]] [[Category:Navarrese infantes]] [[Category:Navarrese monarchs]] [[Category:Nostradamus]] [[Category:Occitan people]] [[Category:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church]] [[Category:People from Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques]] [[Category:People murdered in Paris]] [[Category:French people of the French Wars of Religion]] [[Category:17th-century murdered monarchs]] [[Category:16th-century peers of France]] [[Category:17th-century peers of France]] [[Category:Murder in 1610]] [[Category:1610 murders in Europe]] [[Category:17th-century murders in France]] [[Category:Sons of kings]] [[Category:Sons of queens regnant]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri 4">Henri 4</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_4&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri 4">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry of Navarre">Henry of Navarre</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_of_Navarre&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry of Navarre">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Abbr" title="Template:Abbr">Template:Abbr</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Abbr&action=edit" title="Template:Abbr">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ahnentafel" title="Template:Ahnentafel">Template:Ahnentafel</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ahnentafel&action=edit" title="Template:Ahnentafel">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ahnentafel/styles.css" title="Template:Ahnentafel/styles.css">Template:Ahnentafel/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ahnentafel/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Ahnentafel/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ambox" title="Template:Ambox">Template:Ambox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ambox&action=edit" title="Template:Ambox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control" title="Template:Authority control">Template:Authority control</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Authority_control&action=edit" title="Template:Authority control">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Br_separated_entries" title="Template:Br separated entries">Template:Br separated entries</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Br_separated_entries&action=edit" title="Template:Br separated entries">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Catalog_lookup_link" title="Template:Catalog lookup link">Template:Catalog lookup link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Catalog_lookup_link&action=edit" title="Template:Catalog lookup link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_handler" title="Template:Category handler">Template:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Template:Category handler">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Circa" title="Template:Circa">Template:Circa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Circa&action=edit" title="Template:Circa">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">Template:Citation needed</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Citation_needed&action=edit" title="Template:Citation needed">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">Template:Cite book</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_book&action=edit" title="Template:Cite book">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">Template:Cite journal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_journal&action=edit" title="Template:Cite journal">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Template:Cite web</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_web&action=edit" title="Template:Cite web">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Commons_category-inline" title="Template:Commons category-inline">Template:Commons category-inline</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Commons_category-inline&action=edit" title="Template:Commons category-inline">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Count" title="Template:Count">Template:Count</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Count&action=edit" title="Template:Count">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:DMCA" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:DMCA">Template:DMCA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:DMCA&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:DMCA">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dated_maintenance_category" title="Template:Dated maintenance category">Template:Dated maintenance category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dated_maintenance_category&action=edit" title="Template:Dated maintenance category">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dated_maintenance_category_(articles)" title="Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)">Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dated_maintenance_category_(articles)&action=edit" title="Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Death_date_and_age" title="Template:Death date and age">Template:Death date and age</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Death_date_and_age&action=edit" title="Template:Death date and age">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Delink" title="Template:Delink">Template:Delink</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Delink&action=edit" title="Template:Delink">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Delink_question_hyphen-minus" title="Template:Delink question hyphen-minus">Template:Delink question hyphen-minus</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Delink_question_hyphen-minus&action=edit" title="Template:Delink question hyphen-minus">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dukes_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Template:Dukes of Vendôme">Template:Dukes of Vendôme</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dukes_of_Vend%C3%B4me&action=edit" title="Template:Dukes of Vendôme">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:EngvarB" title="Template:EngvarB">Template:EngvarB</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:EngvarB&action=edit" title="Template:EngvarB">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME" title="Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME">Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME&action=edit" title="Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fix" title="Template:Fix">Template:Fix</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fix&action=edit" title="Template:Fix">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fix/category" title="Template:Fix/category">Template:Fix/category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fix/category&action=edit" title="Template:Fix/category">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flatlist" title="Template:Flatlist">Template:Flatlist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flatlist&action=edit" title="Template:Flatlist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Further" title="Template:Further">Template:Further</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Further&action=edit" title="Template:Further">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Has_short_description" title="Template:Has short description">Template:Has short description</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Has_short_description&action=edit" title="Template:Has short description">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hlist/styles.css" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">Template:Hlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Bourbon(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:House of Bourbon(France)">Template:House of Bourbon(France)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:House_of_Bourbon(France)&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:House of Bourbon(France)">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Bourbon_(France)" title="Template:House of Bourbon (France)">Template:House of Bourbon (France)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:House_of_Bourbon_(France)&action=edit" title="Template:House of Bourbon (France)">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:ISBN" title="Template:ISBN">Template:ISBN</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:ISBN&action=edit" title="Template:ISBN">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:If_both" title="Template:If both">Template:If both</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:If_both&action=edit" title="Template:If both">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:If_empty" title="Template:If empty">Template:If empty</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:If_empty&action=edit" title="Template:If empty">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:In_lang" title="Template:In lang">Template:In lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:In_lang&action=edit" title="Template:In lang">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:In_string" title="Template:In string">Template:In string</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:In_string&action=edit" title="Template:In string">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox" title="Template:Infobox">Template:Infobox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_person" title="Template:Infobox person">Template:Infobox person</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_person&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox person">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_royalty" title="Template:Infobox royalty">Template:Infobox royalty</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_royalty&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox royalty">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">Template:Lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lang&action=edit" title="Template:Lang">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Langx" title="Template:Langx">Template:Langx</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Langx&action=edit" title="Template:Langx">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main" title="Template:Main">Template:Main</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main&action=edit" title="Template:Main">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main_other" title="Template:Main other">Template:Main other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main_other&action=edit" title="Template:Main other">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Marriage" title="Template:Marriage">Template:Marriage</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Marriage&action=edit" title="Template:Marriage">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Marriage/doc" title="Template:Marriage/doc">Template:Marriage/doc</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Marriage/doc&action=edit" title="Template:Marriage/doc">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Marriage/styles.css" title="Template:Marriage/styles.css">Template:Marriage/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Marriage/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Marriage/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_France" title="Template:Monarchs of France">Template:Monarchs of France</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Monarchs_of_France&action=edit" title="Template:Monarchs of France">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:More_citations_needed" title="Template:More citations needed">Template:More citations needed</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:More_citations_needed&action=edit" title="Template:More citations needed">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:More_citations_needed_section" title="Template:More citations needed section">Template:More citations needed section</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:More_citations_needed_section&action=edit" title="Template:More citations needed section">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Namespace_detect" title="Template:Namespace detect">Template:Namespace detect</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Namespace_detect&action=edit" title="Template:Namespace detect">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navarrese_monarchs" title="Template:Navarrese monarchs">Template:Navarrese monarchs</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Navarrese_monarchs&action=edit" title="Template:Navarrese monarchs">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox" title="Template:Navbox">Template:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Navbox&action=edit" title="Template:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups" title="Template:Navbox with collapsible groups">Template:Navbox with collapsible groups</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups&action=edit" title="Template:Navbox with collapsible groups">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobold" title="Template:Nobold">Template:Nobold</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Nobold&action=edit" title="Template:Nobold">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobold/styles.css" title="Template:Nobold/styles.css">Template:Nobold/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Nobold/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Nobold/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ns_has_subpages" title="Template:Ns has subpages">Template:Ns has subpages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ns_has_subpages&action=edit" title="Template:Ns has subpages">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Other_uses" title="Template:Other uses">Template:Other uses</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Other_uses&action=edit" title="Template:Other uses">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:PAGENAMEBASE" title="Template:PAGENAMEBASE">Template:PAGENAMEBASE</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:PAGENAMEBASE&action=edit" title="Template:PAGENAMEBASE">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Page_needed" title="Template:Page needed">Template:Page needed</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Page_needed&action=edit" title="Template:Page needed">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pagetype" title="Template:Pagetype">Template:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Template:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Plainlist" title="Template:Plainlist">Template:Plainlist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Plainlist&action=edit" title="Template:Plainlist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Plainlist/styles.css" title="Template:Plainlist/styles.css">Template:Plainlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Plainlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Plainlist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pluralize_from_text" title="Template:Pluralize from text">Template:Pluralize from text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pluralize_from_text&action=edit" title="Template:Pluralize from text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pp-sock" title="Template:Pp-sock">Template:Pp-sock</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pp-sock&action=edit" title="Template:Pp-sock">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pp-vandalism" title="Template:Pp-vandalism">Template:Pp-vandalism</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pp-vandalism&action=edit" title="Template:Pp-vandalism">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Redirect" title="Template:Redirect">Template:Redirect</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Redirect&action=edit" title="Template:Redirect">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Refbegin" title="Template:Refbegin">Template:Refbegin</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Refbegin&action=edit" title="Template:Refbegin">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Refbegin/styles.css" title="Template:Refbegin/styles.css">Template:Refbegin/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Refbegin/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Refbegin/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Refend" title="Template:Refend">Template:Refend</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Refend&action=edit" title="Template:Refend">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">Template:Reflist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist/styles.css" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">Template:Reflist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-aft" title="Template:S-aft">Template:S-aft</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-aft&action=edit" title="Template:S-aft">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-aft/check" title="Template:S-aft/check">Template:S-aft/check</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-aft/check&action=edit" title="Template:S-aft/check">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-aft/filter" title="Template:S-aft/filter">Template:S-aft/filter</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-aft/filter&action=edit" title="Template:S-aft/filter">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-bef" title="Template:S-bef">Template:S-bef</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-bef&action=edit" title="Template:S-bef">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-bef/check" title="Template:S-bef/check">Template:S-bef/check</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-bef/check&action=edit" title="Template:S-bef/check">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-bef/filter" title="Template:S-bef/filter">Template:S-bef/filter</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-bef/filter&action=edit" title="Template:S-bef/filter">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-break" title="Template:S-break">Template:S-break</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-break&action=edit" title="Template:S-break">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-end" title="Template:S-end">Template:S-end</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-end&action=edit" title="Template:S-end">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-hou" title="Template:S-hou">Template:S-hou</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-hou&action=edit" title="Template:S-hou">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-non" title="Template:S-non">Template:S-non</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-non&action=edit" title="Template:S-non">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-reg" title="Template:S-reg">Template:S-reg</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-reg&action=edit" title="Template:S-reg">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-start" title="Template:S-start">Template:S-start</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-start&action=edit" title="Template:S-start">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-ttl" title="Template:S-ttl">Template:S-ttl</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-ttl&action=edit" title="Template:S-ttl">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-ttl/check" title="Template:S-ttl/check">Template:S-ttl/check</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-ttl/check&action=edit" title="Template:S-ttl/check">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:SDcat" title="Template:SDcat">Template:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:SDcat&action=edit" title="Template:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sfn" title="Template:Sfn">Template:Sfn</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sfn&action=edit" title="Template:Sfn">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description" title="Template:Short description">Template:Short description</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description&action=edit" title="Template:Short description">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">Template:Short description/lowercasecheck</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck&action=edit" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sister-inline" title="Template:Sister-inline">Template:Sister-inline</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sister-inline&action=edit" title="Template:Sister-inline">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Smallsup" title="Template:Smallsup">Template:Smallsup</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Smallsup&action=edit" title="Template:Smallsup">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sp" title="Template:Sp">Template:Sp</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sp&action=edit" title="Template:Sp">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Str_%E2%89%A0_len" title="Template:Str ≠ len">Template:Str ≠ len</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Str_%E2%89%A0_len&action=edit" title="Template:Str ≠ len">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Str_%E2%89%A5_len" title="Template:Str ≥ len">Template:Str ≥ len</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Str_%E2%89%A5_len&action=edit" title="Template:Str ≥ len">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sup" title="Template:Sup">Template:Sup</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sup&action=edit" title="Template:Sup">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Template_other" title="Template:Template other">Template:Template other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Template_other&action=edit" title="Template:Template other">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tooltip" title="Template:Tooltip">Template:Tooltip</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Tooltip&action=edit" title="Template:Tooltip">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tooltip/styles.css" title="Template:Tooltip/styles.css">Template:Tooltip/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Tooltip/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Tooltip/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Trim" title="Template:Trim">Template:Trim</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Trim&action=edit" title="Template:Trim">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Use_dmy_dates" title="Template:Use dmy dates">Template:Use dmy dates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Use_dmy_dates&action=edit" title="Template:Use dmy dates">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikiquote-inline" title="Template:Wikiquote-inline">Template:Wikiquote-inline</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikiquote-inline&action=edit" title="Template:Wikiquote-inline">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikisource_author-inline" title="Template:Wikisource author-inline">Template:Wikisource author-inline</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikisource_author-inline&action=edit" title="Template:Wikisource author-inline">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wrap" title="Template:Wrap">Template:Wrap</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Wrap&action=edit" title="Template:Wrap">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:YEAR" title="Template:YEAR">Template:YEAR</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:YEAR&action=edit" title="Template:YEAR">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno" title="Template:Yesno">Template:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno-no" title="Template:Yesno-no">Template:Yesno-no</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno-no&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno-no">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno-yes" title="Template:Yesno-yes">Template:Yesno-yes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno-yes&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno-yes">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Age" title="Module:Age">Module:Age</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Age&action=edit" title="Module:Age">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Ahnentafel" title="Module:Ahnentafel">Module:Ahnentafel</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Ahnentafel&action=edit" title="Module:Ahnentafel">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Arguments" title="Module:Arguments">Module:Arguments</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments&action=edit" title="Module:Arguments">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control" title="Module:Authority control">Module:Authority control</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/auxiliary" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">Module:Authority control/auxiliary</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control/auxiliary&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/config" title="Module:Authority control/config">Module:Authority control/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control/config&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control/config">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Catalog_lookup_link" title="Module:Catalog lookup link">Module:Catalog lookup link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Catalog_lookup_link&action=edit" title="Module:Catalog lookup link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler" title="Module:Category handler">Module:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/blacklist" title="Module:Category handler/blacklist">Module:Category handler/blacklist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/blacklist&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/blacklist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/config" title="Module:Category handler/config">Module:Category handler/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/config&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/data" title="Module:Category handler/data">Module:Category handler/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/data&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/data">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/shared" title="Module:Category handler/shared">Module:Category handler/shared</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/shared&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/shared">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Check_for_clobbered_parameters" title="Module:Check for clobbered parameters">Module:Check for clobbered parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_for_clobbered_parameters&action=edit" title="Module:Check for clobbered parameters">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">Module:Check for unknown parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters&action=edit" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Check_isxn" title="Module:Check isxn">Module:Check isxn</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_isxn&action=edit" title="Module:Check isxn">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/COinS" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">Module:Citation/CS1/COinS</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/COinS&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Commons_link" title="Module:Commons link">Module:Commons link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Commons_link&action=edit" title="Module:Commons link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Complex_date" title="Module:Complex date">Module:Complex date</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Complex_date&action=edit" title="Module:Complex date">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Date" title="Module:Date">Module:Date</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Date&action=edit" title="Module:Date">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:DateI18n" title="Module:DateI18n">Module:DateI18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:DateI18n&action=edit" title="Module:DateI18n">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Delink" title="Module:Delink">Module:Delink</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Delink&action=edit" title="Module:Delink">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Detect_singular" title="Module:Detect singular">Module:Detect singular</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Detect_singular&action=edit" title="Module:Detect singular">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Disambiguation/templates" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">Module:Disambiguation/templates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Disambiguation/templates&action=edit" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:EditAtWikidata" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">Module:EditAtWikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:EditAtWikidata&action=edit" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Effective_protection_expiry" title="Module:Effective protection expiry">Module:Effective protection expiry</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Effective_protection_expiry&action=edit" title="Module:Effective protection expiry">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Effective_protection_level" title="Module:Effective protection level">Module:Effective protection level</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Effective_protection_level&action=edit" title="Module:Effective protection level">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Exponential_search" title="Module:Exponential search">Module:Exponential search</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Exponential_search&action=edit" title="Module:Exponential search">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:File_link" title="Module:File link">Module:File link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:File_link&action=edit" title="Module:File link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes" title="Module:Footnotes">Module:Footnotes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list">Module:Footnotes/anchor id list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list/data" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data">Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list/data&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes/whitelist" title="Module:Footnotes/whitelist">Module:Footnotes/whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes/whitelist&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes/whitelist">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Format_link" title="Module:Format link">Module:Format link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Format_link&action=edit" title="Module:Format link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:GetParameters" title="Module:GetParameters">Module:GetParameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:GetParameters&action=edit" title="Module:GetParameters">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote" title="Module:Hatnote">Module:Hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote/styles.css" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">Module:Hatnote/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote_list" title="Module:Hatnote list">Module:Hatnote list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote_list&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote list">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:I18n/complex_date" title="Module:I18n/complex date">Module:I18n/complex date</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:I18n/complex_date&action=edit" title="Module:I18n/complex date">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISOdate" title="Module:ISOdate">Module:ISOdate</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISOdate&action=edit" title="Module:ISOdate">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:If_empty" title="Module:If empty">Module:If empty</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:If_empty&action=edit" title="Module:If empty">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:If_preview" title="Module:If preview">Module:If preview</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:If_preview&action=edit" title="Module:If preview">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:If_preview/configuration" title="Module:If preview/configuration">Module:If preview/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:If_preview/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:If preview/configuration">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:If_preview/styles.css" title="Module:If preview/styles.css">Module:If preview/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:If_preview/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:If preview/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:In_lang" title="Module:In lang">Module:In lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:In_lang&action=edit" title="Module:In lang">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox" title="Module:Infobox">Module:Infobox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox/styles.css" title="Module:Infobox/styles.css">Module:Infobox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:InfoboxImage" title="Module:InfoboxImage">Module:InfoboxImage</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:InfoboxImage&action=edit" title="Module:InfoboxImage">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Labelled_list_hatnote" title="Module:Labelled list hatnote">Module:Labelled list hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Labelled_list_hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Labelled list hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang" title="Module:Lang">Module:Lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang&action=edit" title="Module:Lang">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/ISO_639_synonyms" title="Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms">Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/ISO_639_synonyms&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/configuration" title="Module:Lang/configuration">Module:Lang/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/configuration">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data" title="Module:Lang/data">Module:Lang/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_languages" title="Module:Lang/data/iana languages">Module:Lang/data/iana languages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_languages&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana languages">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_regions" title="Module:Lang/data/iana regions">Module:Lang/data/iana regions</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_regions&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana regions">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_scripts" title="Module:Lang/data/iana scripts">Module:Lang/data/iana scripts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_scripts&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana scripts">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_suppressed_scripts" title="Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts">Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_suppressed_scripts&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_variants" title="Module:Lang/data/iana variants">Module:Lang/data/iana variants</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_variants&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana variants">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/langx" title="Module:Lang/langx">Module:Lang/langx</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/langx&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/langx">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Message_box" title="Module:Message box">Module:Message box</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box&action=edit" title="Module:Message box">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Message_box/ambox.css" title="Module:Message box/ambox.css">Module:Message box/ambox.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/ambox.css&action=edit" title="Module:Message box/ambox.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Message_box/configuration" title="Module:Message box/configuration">Module:Message box/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Message box/configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:MultiReplace" title="Module:MultiReplace">Module:MultiReplace</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:MultiReplace&action=edit" title="Module:MultiReplace">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect" title="Module:Namespace detect">Module:Namespace detect</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect/config" title="Module:Namespace detect/config">Module:Namespace detect/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect/config&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect/data" title="Module:Namespace detect/data">Module:Namespace detect/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect/data&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect/data">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar" title="Module:Navbar">Module:Navbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/configuration" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">Module:Navbar/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/styles.css" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">Module:Navbar/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox" title="Module:Navbox">Module:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/configuration" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">Module:Navbox/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/styles.css" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">Module:Navbox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups" title="Module:Navbox with collapsible groups">Module:Navbox with collapsible groups</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox with collapsible groups">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups/configuration" title="Module:Navbox with collapsible groups/configuration">Module:Navbox with collapsible groups/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox with collapsible groups/configuration">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Ns_has_subpages" title="Module:Ns has subpages">Module:Ns has subpages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Ns_has_subpages&action=edit" title="Module:Ns has subpages">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Other_uses" title="Module:Other uses">Module:Other uses</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Other_uses&action=edit" title="Module:Other uses">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype" title="Module:Pagetype">Module:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/config" title="Module:Pagetype/config">Module:Pagetype/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/config&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/disambiguation" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">Module:Pagetype/disambiguation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/disambiguation&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/rfd" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">Module:Pagetype/rfd</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/rfd&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/setindex" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">Module:Pagetype/setindex</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/setindex&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/softredirect" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">Module:Pagetype/softredirect</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/softredirect&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ParameterCount" title="Module:ParameterCount">Module:ParameterCount</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ParameterCount&action=edit" title="Module:ParameterCount">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Parameter_validation" title="Module:Parameter validation">Module:Parameter validation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Parameter_validation&action=edit" title="Module:Parameter validation">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Parameter_validation/default_config" title="Module:Parameter validation/default config">Module:Parameter validation/default config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Parameter_validation/default_config&action=edit" title="Module:Parameter validation/default config">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Protection_banner" title="Module:Protection banner">Module:Protection banner</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Protection_banner&action=edit" title="Module:Protection banner">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Protection_banner/config" title="Module:Protection banner/config">Module:Protection banner/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Protection_banner/config&action=edit" title="Module:Protection banner/config">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Redirect_hatnote" title="Module:Redirect hatnote">Module:Redirect hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Redirect_hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Redirect hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:SDcat" title="Module:SDcat">Module:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:SDcat&action=edit" title="Module:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Separated_entries" title="Module:Separated entries">Module:Separated entries</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Separated_entries&action=edit" title="Module:Separated entries">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:String" title="Module:String">Module:String</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:String&action=edit" title="Module:String">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:String2" title="Module:String2">Module:String2</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:String2&action=edit" title="Module:String2">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:TableTools" title="Module:TableTools">Module:TableTools</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools&action=edit" title="Module:TableTools">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Text" title="Module:Text">Module:Text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Text&action=edit" title="Module:Text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unicode_data" title="Module:Unicode data">Module:Unicode data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unicode_data&action=edit" title="Module:Unicode data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unicode_data/scripts" title="Module:Unicode data/scripts">Module:Unicode data/scripts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unicode_data/scripts&action=edit" title="Module:Unicode data/scripts">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unsubst" title="Module:Unsubst">Module:Unsubst</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst&action=edit" title="Module:Unsubst">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:WikidataIB" title="Module:WikidataIB">Module:WikidataIB</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:WikidataIB&action=edit" title="Module:WikidataIB">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:WikidataIB/nolinks" title="Module:WikidataIB/nolinks">Module:WikidataIB/nolinks</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:WikidataIB/nolinks&action=edit" title="Module:WikidataIB/nolinks">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:WikidataIB/titleformats" title="Module:WikidataIB/titleformats">Module:WikidataIB/titleformats</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:WikidataIB/titleformats&action=edit" title="Module:WikidataIB/titleformats">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wikitext_Parsing" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">Module:Wikitext Parsing</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikitext_Parsing&action=edit" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Yesno" title="Module:Yesno">Module:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Yesno&action=edit" title="Module:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_IV_of_France&action=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("This page is using the deprecated ResourceLoader module \"mediawiki.ui.button\".\n[1.41] Please use Codex. See migration guidelines: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI");mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-jsksk","wgBackendResponseTime":564,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.122","walltime":"0.160","ppvisitednodes":{"value":665,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":52002,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7099,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3560,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 129.610 1 -total"," 64.72% 83.881 1 Template:Protected_page_text/semi"," 63.50% 82.307 1 Template:Protected_page_text"," 58.08% 75.272 1 Template:Fmbox"," 28.03% 36.327 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 24.40% 31.621 1 Template:Submit_an_edit_request"," 13.62% 17.653 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 12.43% 16.113 1 Template:Mbox"," 12.28% 15.916 1 Template:Hidden"," 7.03% 9.107 1 Template:Editnotice_load"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.053","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1575884,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-jsksk","timestamp":"20241201204338","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>