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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaissance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaissance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Renaissance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_Louis_XIV_to_the_French_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Louis_XIV_to_the_French_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>From Louis XIV to the French Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Louis_XIV_to_the_French_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>Post-war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saint-Martin-d'Hères_weather_station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint-Martin-d'Hères_weather_station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Saint-Martin-d'Hères weather station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint-Martin-d'Hères_weather_station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alpes-Isère_Airport_weather_station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alpes-Isère_Airport_weather_station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Alpes-Isère Airport weather station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alpes-Isère_Airport_weather_station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1981–2010_normals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1981–2010_normals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>1981–2010 normals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1981–2010_normals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanism_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanism_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Urbanism and architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanism_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_Bastille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Bastille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>La Bastille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Bastille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palace_of_the_Parliament_of_Dauphiné" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palace_of_the_Parliament_of_Dauphiné"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Palace of the Parliament of Dauphiné</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palace_of_the_Parliament_of_Dauphiné-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_of_Grenoble" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_Grenoble"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Museum of Grenoble</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_Grenoble-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Archaeological museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education and science</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_science-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and science subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Secondary_level" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_level"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Secondary level</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_level-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Science_and_engineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_engineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Science and engineering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knowledge_and_innovation_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knowledge_and_innovation_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Knowledge and innovation community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knowledge_and_innovation_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grenoble</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 125 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%96%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8D" title="ግረኖብል – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ግረኖብል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="غرونوبل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غرونوبل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoblo" title="Grenoblo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Grenoblo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qr%C3%B6nobl" title="Qrönobl – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrönobl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="گرونوبل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گرونوبل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2" title="গ্রনোবল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রনোবল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гренобль – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гренобль" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Грэнобль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грэнобль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Грэнобль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грэнобль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Гренобъл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гренобъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80e%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Грeнобль – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грeнобль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB" title="Γκρενόμπλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκρενόμπλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoblo" title="Grenoblo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grenoblo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="گرونوبل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرونوبل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8%EB%B8%94" title="그르노블 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그르노블" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%AC" title="Գրենոբլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրենոբլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="ग्रेनोब्ल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रेनोब्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гренобль – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гренобль" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C" title="גרנובל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרנובל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="გრენობლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრენობლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гренобль – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гренобль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gren%C3%B2b" title="Grenòb – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Grenòb" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratianopolis" title="Gratianopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gratianopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenobel" title="Grenobel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Grenobel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoblis" title="Grenoblis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grenoblis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Гренобл – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гренобл" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="ग्रेनोबल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रेनोबल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="جرونوبل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جرونوبل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="گرونوبل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گرونوبل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гренобль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гренобль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB" title="グルノーブル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グルノーブル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="ГгӀенобль – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГгӀенобль" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gren%C3%B2ble" title="Grenòble – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grenòble" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="گرینوبل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرینوبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB" title="Γκρενόμπλ – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γκρενόμπλ" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гренобль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гренобль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Гренобл – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гренобл" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கிரனோபிள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரனோபிள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гренобль – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гренобль" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="เกรอนอบล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกรอนอบล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Гренобл – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гренобл" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гренобль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гренобль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="گرونوبل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرونوبل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenobl%27" title="Grenobl' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Grenobl'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E8%AF%BA%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="格勒诺布尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格勒诺布尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A2" title="גרענאבלע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גרענאבלע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E8%AB%BE%E5%8B%83" title="格勒諾勃 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="格勒諾勃" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Grenoble" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E8%AF%BA%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grenoble&params=45.171546_N_5.722387_E_type:city(157477)_region:FR-ARA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°10′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°43′21″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.171546°N 5.722387°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.171546; 5.722387</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Grenoble (disambiguation)">Grenoble (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Grenoble</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"><span title="Arpitan-language text"><i lang="frp">Grenoblo / Grainóvol</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arpitan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitan language">Arpitan</a>)</span> <br /> <span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Grenòble / Graçanòbol</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of France">Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_grenoble.png" class="mw-file-description" title="From upper left: Panorama of the city, Grenoble’s cable cars, place Saint-André, jardin de ville, banks of the Isère"><img alt="From upper left: Panorama of the city, Grenoble’s cable cars, place Saint-André, jardin de ville, banks of the Isère" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Panorama_grenoble.png/250px-Panorama_grenoble.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Panorama_grenoble.png/375px-Panorama_grenoble.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Panorama_grenoble.png/500px-Panorama_grenoble.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="1107" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From upper left: Panorama of the city, <a href="/wiki/Grenoble-Bastille_cable_car" title="Grenoble-Bastille cable car">Grenoble’s cable cars</a>, place Saint-André, jardin de ville, banks of the Isère</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Grenoble.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Grenoble"><img alt="Flag of Grenoble" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Grenoble.svg/100px-Flag_of_Grenoble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Grenoble.svg/150px-Flag_of_Grenoble.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Grenoble.svg/200px-Flag_of_Grenoble.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="324" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Grenoble.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Grenoble"><img alt="Coat of arms of Grenoble" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Grenoble.svg/77px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Grenoble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Grenoble.svg/116px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Grenoble.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Grenoble.svg/154px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Grenoble.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="725" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Grenoble</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_12121626cda039a6b4e4ea2760677ca471123adc"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Grenoble&revid=1258142780&groups=_12121626cda039a6b4e4ea2760677ca471123adc" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Grenoble&revid=1258142780&groups=_12121626cda039a6b4e4ea2760677ca471123adc 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grenoble is located in France"><img alt="Grenoble is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.271%;left:72.927%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grenoble"><img alt="Grenoble" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Grenoble</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grenoble is located in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><img alt="Grenoble is located in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg/270px-Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg/405px-Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg/540px-Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.05%;left:70.48%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grenoble"><img alt="Grenoble" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Grenoble</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grenoble&params=45.171546_N_5.722387_E_type:city(157477)_region:FR-ARA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°10′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°43′21″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.171546°N 5.722387°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.171546; 5.722387</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Grenoble" title="Arrondissement of Grenoble">Grenoble</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Grenoble-1" title="Canton of Grenoble-1">Grenoble-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Grenoble-2" title="Canton of Grenoble-2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Grenoble-3" title="Canton of Grenoble-3">3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Grenoble-4" title="Canton of Grenoble-4">4</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grenoble-Alpes_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Grenoble-Alpes Métropole">Grenoble-Alpes Métropole</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Piolle" title="Éric Piolle">Éric Piolle</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/The_Ecologists" title="The Ecologists">LE</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">18.13 km<sup>2</sup> (7.00 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">358.1 km<sup>2</sup> (138.3 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,876 km<sup>2</sup> (1,110 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">157,477</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">8,700/km<sup>2</sup> (22,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<sup id="cite_ref-compar_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">451,096</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,300/km<sup>2</sup> (3,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<sup id="cite_ref-compar_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">714,799</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">250/km<sup>2</sup> (640/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-38185">38185</a> /38000, 38100</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">212–500 m (696–1,640 ft) <br />(avg. 398 m or 1,306 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grenoble</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">grə-<span style="font-size:90%">NOH</span>-bəl</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɡʁənɔbl]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/16\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Ltrlg-Grenoble.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Ltrlg-Grenoble.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Ltrlg-Grenoble.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Ltrlg-Grenoble.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Ltrlg-Grenoble.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Ltrlg-Grenoble.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Ltrlg-Grenoble.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arpitan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitan language">Arpitan</a>: <i lang="frp">Grenoblo</i> or <span title="Arpitan-language text"><i lang="frp">Grainóvol</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Graçanòbol</i> or <span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Grenòble</i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">largest city</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> of southeastern France.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_France" title="Provinces of France">historical province</a> and lies where the river <a href="/wiki/Drac_(river)" title="Drac (river)">Drac</a> flows into the <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re_(river)" title="Isère (river)">Isère</a> at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/French_Alps" title="French Alps">French Alps</a>. </p><p>The population of the <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> of Grenoble was 158,198 as of 2019, while the population of the <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_metropolitan_area" title="Grenoble metropolitan area">Grenoble metropolitan area</a> (French: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">aire d'attraction</a> de Grenoble</i></span> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">agglomération grenobloise</i></span>) was 714,799 which makes it the largest metropolis in the Alps, ahead of <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-compar_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant European scientific centre,<sup id="cite_ref-Graff_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graff-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pentland_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pentland-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city advertises itself as the "Capital of the Alps", due to its size and its proximity to the mountains. The many suburban communes that make up the rest of the metropolitan area include four with populations exceeding 20,000: <a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27H%C3%A8res" title="Saint-Martin-d'Hères">Saint-Martin-d'Hères</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89chirolles" title="Échirolles">Échirolles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fontaine,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Fontaine, Isère">Fontaine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voiron" title="Voiron">Voiron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pop2017_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2017-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grenoble's history goes back over 2,000 years, to a time when it was a village of the <a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gallic</a> tribe. It became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a> in the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This status, consolidated by the annexation to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, allowed it to develop its economy. Grenoble then became a parliamentary and military city, close to the border with <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>, which at the time was part of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Industrial development increased the prominence of Grenoble through several periods of economic expansion over the last three centuries. This started with a booming <a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">glove</a> industry in the 18th and 19th centuries, continued with the development of a strong <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a> industry in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, and ended with a post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> economic boom symbolized by the holding of the <a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">X Olympic Winter Games</a> in 1968. </p><p>The city has grown to be one of Europe's most important research, technology and innovation centres, with one in five inhabitants working directly in these fields.<sup id="cite_ref-Graff_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graff-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pentland_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pentland-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grenoble is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> with the ranking of "sufficiency" by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>. The city held the title of European Green Capital in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Grenoble" title="Timeline of Grenoble">Timeline of Grenoble</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vestiges_enceinte_Cularo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vestiges_enceinte_Cularo.JPG/220px-Vestiges_enceinte_Cularo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vestiges_enceinte_Cularo.JPG/330px-Vestiges_enceinte_Cularo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vestiges_enceinte_Cularo.JPG/440px-Vestiges_enceinte_Cularo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>Remnants of the Roman walls</figcaption></figure> <p>The first references to what is now Grenoble date back to 43 BC. <a href="/wiki/Cularo" title="Cularo">Cularo</a> was at that time a <a href="/wiki/Gallia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia">Gallic</a> village of the <a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a> tribe, near a bridge across the Isère. Three centuries later and with insecurity rising in the late <a href="/wiki/Roman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman empire">Roman empire</a>, a strong <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">wall</a> was built around the small town in 286 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Gratian" title="Gratian">Gratian</a> visited Cularo and, touched by the people's welcome, made the village a Roman city.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In honour of this, Cularo was renamed <b>Gratianopolis</b> ("city of Gratian") in 381 (leading to Graignovol<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, and then Grenoble). </p><p>Christianity spread to the region during the 4th century, and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Grenoble-Vienne" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Grenoble-Vienne">diocese</a> of Grenoble was founded in 377 AD. From that time on, the bishops exercised significant political power over the city. Until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, they styled themselves the "bishops and princes of Grenoble".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, the city became part of the first <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundian kingdom</a> in the 5th century and of the later <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy-Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles">Kingdom of Burgundy</a> until 1032, when it was integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. The Burgundian rule was interrupted between 942 and 970 by Arab rule based in <a href="/wiki/Fraxinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraxinet">Fraxinet</a>. </p><p>Grenoble grew significantly in the 11th century when the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Counts_of_Albon_and_Dauphins_of_Viennois" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Counts of Albon and Dauphins of Viennois">Counts of Albon</a> chose the city as the capital of their territories. Their possessions at the time were a patchwork of several territories sprawled across the region,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the central position of Grenoble allowed the Counts to strengthen their authority. When they later adopted the title of "<a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphins</a>", Grenoble became the capital of the State of <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a>. </p><p>Despite their status, the Counts had to share authority over the city with the Bishop of Grenoble. One of the most famous of those was <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Ch%C3%A2teauneuf" title="Hugh of Châteauneuf">Saint Hugh</a>. Under his rule, the city's bridge was rebuilt, and a regular and <a href="/wiki/Leper" class="mw-redirect" title="Leper">leper</a> hospital was built.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Dauphin_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Arms_of_the_Dauphin_of_France.svg/100px-Arms_of_the_Dauphin_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Arms_of_the_Dauphin_of_France.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_Dauphin_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Arms_of_the_Dauphin_of_France.svg/200px-Arms_of_the_Dauphin_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the Dauphiné after becoming a province of France</figcaption></figure> <p>The inhabitants of Grenoble took advantage of the conflicts between the Counts and the bishops and obtained the recognition of a Charter of Customs that guaranteed their rights.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That charter was confirmed by Kings <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a> in 1447 and <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a> in 1541. </p><p>In 1336 the last Dauphin <a href="/wiki/Humbert_II_of_Viennois" title="Humbert II of Viennois">Humbert II</a> founded a court of justice, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conseil_delphinal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conseil delphinal (page does not exist)">Conseil delphinal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_delphinal" class="extiw" title="fr:Conseil delphinal">fr</a>]</span>, which settled at Grenoble in 1340. He also established the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Grenoble">University of Grenoble</a> in 1339. Without an heir and deep into debt, Humbert sold his state to France in 1349, on the condition that the heir to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">French crown</a> used the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a></i>. The first one, the future <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a>, spent nine months in Grenoble. The city remained the capital of the Dauphiné,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> henceforth a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_France" title="Provinces of France">province of France</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/States_Provincial_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="States Provincial (France)">Estates of Dauphiné</a> were created. </p><p>The only Dauphin who governed his province was the future <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a>, whose "reign" lasted from 1447 to 1456. It was only under his rule that Dauphiné properly joined the Kingdom of France. The Old Conseil Delphinal became a <a href="/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement">Parlement</a> (the third in France after the Parliaments of Paris and Toulouse), strengthening the status of Grenoble as a Provincial capital. He also ordered the construction of the Palais du Parlement (finished under <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a>) and ensured that the Bishop pledged allegiance, thus unifying the political control of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At that time, Grenoble was a crossroads between <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a>, Geneva, Italy, and <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>. It was the industrial centre of the Dauphiné and the province's biggest city, but a rather small one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaissance">Renaissance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Renaissance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francois-de-bonne-duc-de-le.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Francois-de-bonne-duc-de-le.jpg/220px-Francois-de-bonne-duc-de-le.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Francois-de-bonne-duc-de-le.jpg/330px-Francois-de-bonne-duc-de-le.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Francois-de-bonne-duc-de-le.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières</figcaption></figure> <p>Owing to Grenoble's geographical situation, French troops were garrisoned in the city and its region during the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a> went several times to Grenoble. Its people consequently had to suffer from the exactions of the soldiers. </p><p>The nobility of the region took part in various battles (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marignano" title="Battle of Marignano">Marignano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pavia" title="Battle of Pavia">Pavia</a>) and in doing so gained significant prestige.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best-known of its members was <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Terrail,_seigneur_de_Bayard" title="Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard">Bayard</a>, "the knight without fear and beyond reproach". </p><p>Grenoble suffered as a result of the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>. The Dauphiné was indeed an important settlement for Protestants and therefore experienced several conflicts. The <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Beaumont,_baron_des_Adrets" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Beaumont, baron des Adrets">baron des Adrets</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a>, pillaged the <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Cathedral" title="Grenoble Cathedral">Cathedral of Grenoble</a> and destroyed the tombs of the former Dauphins. </p><p>In August 1575, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Bonne,_duc_de_Lesdigui%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières">Lesdiguières</a> became the new leader of the Protestants and, thanks to the accession of <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a> to the throne of France, allied himself with the governor and the lieutenant general of the Dauphiné. But this alliance did not bring an end to the conflicts. Indeed, a Catholic movement, the <i>Ligue</i>, which took Grenoble in December 1590, refused to make peace. After months of assaults, Lesdiguières defeated the Ligue and took back Grenoble. He became the leader of the entire province.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lesdiguières became the lieutenant-general of the Dauphiné and administered the Province from 1591 to 1626. He began the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Bastille_(Grenoble)" title="Bastille (Grenoble)">Bastille</a> to protect the city and ordered the construction of new walls, increasing the city's size. He also constructed the Hôtel Lesdiguières, built new fountains, and dug sewers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1689, the bishop <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Le_Camus" title="Étienne Le Camus">Étienne Le Camus</a> launched the construction of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis_Church,_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Louis Church, Grenoble">Saint-Louis Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Louis_XIV_to_the_French_Revolution">From Louis XIV to the French Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: From Louis XIV to the French Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenoble_serr%C3%A9_-_plan-relief_1848.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Grenoble_serr%C3%A9_-_plan-relief_1848.jpg/220px-Grenoble_serr%C3%A9_-_plan-relief_1848.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Grenoble_serr%C3%A9_-_plan-relief_1848.jpg/330px-Grenoble_serr%C3%A9_-_plan-relief_1848.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Grenoble_serr%C3%A9_-_plan-relief_1848.jpg/440px-Grenoble_serr%C3%A9_-_plan-relief_1848.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2520" /></a><figcaption>Grenoble <a href="/wiki/Plan-relief" title="Plan-relief">plan-relief</a> (1848)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Journ%C3%A9e_des_Tuiles_(Alexandre_Debelle),_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Journ%C3%A9e_des_Tuiles_%28Alexandre_Debelle%29%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg/220px-Journ%C3%A9e_des_Tuiles_%28Alexandre_Debelle%29%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Journ%C3%A9e_des_Tuiles_%28Alexandre_Debelle%29%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg/330px-Journ%C3%A9e_des_Tuiles_%28Alexandre_Debelle%29%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Journ%C3%A9e_des_Tuiles_%28Alexandre_Debelle%29%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg/440px-Journ%C3%A9e_des_Tuiles_%28Alexandre_Debelle%29%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Tiles" title="Day of the Tiles">Day of the Tiles</a></i>, 1890 painting by <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Debelle" title="Alexandre Debelle">Alexandre Debelle</a>,<br /> (<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Musée de la Révolution française">Musée de la Révolution française</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The revocation of the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> caused the departure of 2,000 Protestants from Grenoble, weakening the city's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it also weakened the competing glove industry of <a href="/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse">Grasse</a>, leaving the glove factories of Grenoble without any competition.<sup id="cite_ref-Dauphiné_1933,_p98_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dauphiné_1933,_p98-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed a stronger economic development for the city during the 18th century. At the beginning of that century, only 12 glovers made 15,000 dozen gloves each year; by 1787, 64 glovers made 160,000 dozen gloves each year.<sup id="cite_ref-Dauphiné_1933,_p98_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dauphiné_1933,_p98-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city gained some notoriety on 7 June 1788 when the townspeople assaulted troops of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> in the "<a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Tiles" title="Day of the Tiles">Day of the Tiles</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The people attacked the royal troops to prevent an expulsion of the notables of the city, which would have seriously endangered the economic prosperity of Grenoble. Following these events, the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Vizille" title="Assembly of Vizille">Assembly of Vizille</a> took place. Its members organized the meeting of the old <a href="/wiki/Estates-General_of_1789" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates-General of 1789">Estates General</a>, thus beginning the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. During the Revolution, Grenoble was represented in Paris by two illustrious notables, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Mounier" title="Jean Joseph Mounier">Jean Joseph Mounier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Barnave" title="Antoine Barnave">Antoine Barnave</a>. </p><p>In 1790, the Dauphiné was divided into three <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a>, and Grenoble became the <i>chef-lieu</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère department</a>. Only two <a href="/wiki/Refractory_clergy" title="Refractory clergy">refractory priests</a> were executed at Grenoble during the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a>, prisoner of France, spent two days at Grenoble in 1799<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before going to <a href="/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme">Valence</a> where he died. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortifications_Bastille_-_Grenoble.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Fortifications_Bastille_-_Grenoble.JPG/220px-Fortifications_Bastille_-_Grenoble.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Fortifications_Bastille_-_Grenoble.JPG/330px-Fortifications_Bastille_-_Grenoble.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Fortifications_Bastille_-_Grenoble.JPG/440px-Fortifications_Bastille_-_Grenoble.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Ramparts close to the Porte Saint Laurent</figcaption></figure> <p>The establishment of the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">Empire</a> was overwhelmingly approved (in Isère, the results showed 82,084 yes and only 12 no).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grenoble welcomed for the second time a prisoner Pope in 1809. <a href="/wiki/Pius_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius VII">Pius VII</a> spent 10 days in the city en route to his exile in <a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau" title="Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau</a>. </p><p>In 1813 Grenoble was under threat from the Austrian army, which invaded Switzerland and <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>. The well-defended city contained the Austrian attacks, and the French army defeated the Austrians, forcing them to withdraw at <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>. However, the later <a href="/wiki/Six_Days_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Days Campaign">invasion of France</a> in 1814 resulted in the capitulation of the troops and the occupation of the city. </p><p>During his <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">return</a> from the island of <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a> in 1815, Napoleon took a <a href="/wiki/Route_Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Route Napoleon">road</a> that led him near Grenoble at <a href="/wiki/Laffrey" title="Laffrey">Laffrey</a>. There he met the Royalist Régiment d'Angoulême (former 5th) of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII's</a> <a href="/wiki/French_Royal_Army" title="French Royal Army">Royal Army</a>. Napoleon stepped toward the soldiers and said these famous words: "If there is among you a soldier who wants to kill his Emperor, here I am." The soldiers all joined his cause. After that, Napoleon was acclaimed at Grenoble and General <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabriel_Marchand" title="Jean Gabriel Marchand">Jean Gabriel Marchand</a> could not prevent Napoleon from entering the city through the Bonne gate. He said later: "From <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a> to Grenoble, I still was an adventurer; in that last city, I came back a sovereign".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But after the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Waterloo</a>, the region suffered from a new invasion of Austrian and Sardinian troops. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontaine_trois_ordres_-_Grenoble.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fontaine_trois_ordres_-_Grenoble.JPG/220px-Fontaine_trois_ordres_-_Grenoble.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fontaine_trois_ordres_-_Grenoble.JPG/330px-Fontaine_trois_ordres_-_Grenoble.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fontaine_trois_ordres_-_Grenoble.JPG/440px-Fontaine_trois_ordres_-_Grenoble.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="3246" /></a><figcaption>Fountain of the Three Orders (1897)</figcaption></figure> <p>The 19th century saw significant industrial development of Grenoble. The glove factories reached their Golden Age, and their products were exported to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Nicolas_Beno%C3%AEt,_Baron_Haxo" class="mw-redirect" title="François Nicolas Benoît, Baron Haxo">General Haxo</a> transformed the <a href="/wiki/Bastille_(Grenoble)" title="Bastille (Grenoble)">Bastille</a> fortress, which took on its present aspect between 1824 and 1848. The <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a> saw the construction of the French railway network, and the first trains arrived at Grenoble in 1858. Shortly thereafter Grenoble experienced widespread destruction by <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Flood_1859" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenoble Flood 1859">extensive flooding</a> in 1859. </p><p>In 1869 engineer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristide_Berg%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristide Bergès (page does not exist)">Aristide Bergès</a> played a major role in industrializing hydroelectricity production. With the development of his paper mills, he accelerated the economic development of the Grésivaudan valley and Grenoble.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 4 August 1897, a stone and bronze fountain was inaugurated in Grenoble to commemorate the pre-revolutionary events of June 1788. Built by the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Henri_Ding" title="Henri Ding">Henri Ding</a>, the Fountain of the Three Orders, which represents three characters, is located on Place Notre-Dame. People in Grenoble interpret these characters as follows: "Is it raining?" inquires the <a href="/wiki/The_third_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="The third estate">third estate</a>; "Please heaven it had rained", lament the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a>; and "It will rain", proclaims the <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> accelerated Grenoble's economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To sustain the war effort, new hydroelectric industries developed along the various rivers of the region, and several existing companies moved into the armaments industry (for example in <a href="/wiki/Livet-et-Gavet" title="Livet-et-Gavet">Livet-et-Gavet</a>). Electrochemical factories were also established in the area surrounding Grenoble, initially to produce chemical weapons. This development resulted in significant immigration to Grenoble, particularly from Italian workers who settled in the Saint-Laurent neighborhood. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entr%C3%A9e_exposition_H.B._-_Grenoble.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Entr%C3%A9e_exposition_H.B._-_Grenoble.jpg/220px-Entr%C3%A9e_exposition_H.B._-_Grenoble.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Entr%C3%A9e_exposition_H.B._-_Grenoble.jpg/330px-Entr%C3%A9e_exposition_H.B._-_Grenoble.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Entr%C3%A9e_exposition_H.B._-_Grenoble.jpg/440px-Entr%C3%A9e_exposition_H.B._-_Grenoble.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Gate of the exposition in 1925</figcaption></figure> <p>The economic development of the city was highlighted by the organization of the <a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_of_Hydropower_and_Tourism" title="International Exhibition of Hydropower and Tourism">International Exhibition of Hydropower and Tourism</a> in 1925, which was visited by more than 1 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (August 2020)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> The organization of this exhibition forced the military to remove the old city walls and allowed the expansion of the city to the south. This exhibition also highlighted the city's hydropower industry and the region's tourist attractions. </p><p>The site of the exhibition became an urban park in 1926, named <a href="/wiki/Parc_Paul_Mistral" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc Paul Mistral">Parc Paul Mistral</a> after the death of the mayor in 1932. The only building of this exhibition remaining in the park is the crumbling <a href="/wiki/Perret_tower_(Grenoble)" title="Perret tower (Grenoble)">Tour Perret</a>, which has been closed to the public since 1960 due to its very poor state of maintenance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During World War II, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a>, the German invasion was stopped near Grenoble at <a href="/wiki/Voreppe" title="Voreppe">Voreppe</a> by the forces of <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Cartier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Cartier (page does not exist)">General Cartier</a>. The French forces resisted until the armistice, after which Grenoble was part of the <a href="/wiki/French_State" class="mw-redirect" title="French State">French State</a> before an Italian occupation from 1942 to 1943. The relative tolerance of the Italian occupiers towards the Jewish populations resulted in a significant number moving to the region from the German-occupied parts of France.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grenoble was extremely active in the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Résistance</a> against the occupation. Its action was symbolized by figures such as <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Chavant" title="Eugène Chavant">Eugène Chavant</a>, Léon Martin, and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Reynoard" title="Marie Reynoard">Marie Reynoard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ordredelaliberation.fr_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ordredelaliberation.fr-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University of Grenoble supported the clandestine operations and provided false documentation for young people to prevent them from being assigned to <a href="/wiki/Service_du_Travail_Obligatoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Service du Travail Obligatoire">STO</a>. </p><p>In September 1943, German troops occupied Grenoble, escalating the conflict with the clandestine movements. On 11 November 1943 (the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">armistice of 1918</a>), massive strikes and demonstrations took place in front of the local collaboration offices. In response, the occupiers arrested 400 demonstrators in the streets. On 13 November, the resistance blew up the artillery at the Polygon, which was a psychological shock for an enemy who then intensified the repression. On 25 November, the occupiers killed 11 members of the Résistance organizations of Grenoble. This violent crackdown was nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Grenoble%27s_Saint-Bartholomew" title="Grenoble's Saint-Bartholomew">Grenoble's Saint-Bartholomew</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From these events, Grenoble was styled by the <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Forces">Free French Forces</a> the title of <i>Capital of the <a href="/wiki/Maquis_(World_War_II)" title="Maquis (World War II)">Maquis</a></i> on the antennas of the <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">BBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This event only intensified the activities of Grenoble's resistance movements. The Germans could not prevent the destruction of their new arsenal on 2 December at the Bonne Barracks. After the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">Normandy landing</a>, resistance operations reached their peak, with numerous attacks considerably hampering the activity of German troops. With the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">landing in Provence</a>, German troops evacuated the city on 22 August 1944. On 5 November 1944, General <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> came to Grenoble and bestowed on the city the <i><a href="/wiki/Ordre_de_la_Lib%C3%A9ration" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre de la Libération">Compagnon de la Libération</a></i> to recognise "a heroic city at the peak of the French resistance and combat for the liberation".<sup id="cite_ref-ordredelaliberation.fr_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ordredelaliberation.fr-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-war">Post-war</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1955, future <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">physics Nobel prize</a> laureate <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Louis Néel</a> created the Grenoble Center for Nuclear Studies (CENG), resulting in the birth of the Grenoble model, a combination of research and industry. The first stone was laid in December 1956. </p><p>In 1968 Grenoble hosted the <a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">X Olympic Winter Games</a>. This event helped modernize the city with the development of infrastructure such as an airport, motorways, a <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Le_Havre" title="Hôtel de Ville, Le Havre">new town hall</a>, and a new train station.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also helped the development of ski resorts like <a href="/wiki/Chamrousse" title="Chamrousse">Chamrousse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_Deux_Alpes" title="Les Deux Alpes">Les Deux Alpes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Villard-de-Lans" title="Villard-de-Lans">Villard-de-Lans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moucherotte_23_12_11_092_(2)_final.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Moucherotte_23_12_11_092_%282%29_final.JPG/220px-Moucherotte_23_12_11_092_%282%29_final.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Moucherotte_23_12_11_092_%282%29_final.JPG/330px-Moucherotte_23_12_11_092_%282%29_final.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Moucherotte_23_12_11_092_%282%29_final.JPG/440px-Moucherotte_23_12_11_092_%282%29_final.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3626" data-file-height="1614" /></a><figcaption>Grenoble with the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9_Alps" title="Dauphiné Alps">Dauphiné Alps</a> in the background.</figcaption></figure> <p>Grenoble is surrounded by mountains. To the north lies the <a href="/wiki/Chartreuse_Mountains" title="Chartreuse Mountains">Chartreuse</a>, to the south and west the <a href="/wiki/Vercors_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Vercors Plateau">Vercors</a>, and to the east the <a href="/wiki/Belledonne" title="Belledonne">Belledonne range</a>. Grenoble is regarded as the capital of the French Alps. It is the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_urban_unit" title="Grenoble urban unit">Grenoble urban unit</a> (agglomeration).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Except for a few dozen houses on the slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Bastille_(Grenoble)" title="Bastille (Grenoble)">Bastille</a> hill of Chartreuse, Grenoble is exclusively built on the alluvial plain of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re_(river)" title="Isère (river)">Isère</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drac_(river)" title="Drac (river)">Drac</a> at an altitude of 214 metres (702 ft). As a result, the city itself is extremely flat. Mountain sports are an important tourist attraction in summer and winter. Twenty large and small ski resorts surround the city, the nearest being <a href="/wiki/Le_Sappey-en-Chartreuse" title="Le Sappey-en-Chartreuse">Le Sappey-en-Chartreuse</a>, which is about 15 minutes away by car. </p><p>Historically, Grenoble and the surrounding areas were heavy industry and mining sites.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abandoned mills and factories can be found in small towns and villages, and a few have been converted to tourist attractions, such as the coal mine at <a href="/wiki/La_Mure" title="La Mure">La Mure</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate in Grenoble depends on the data from the chosen weather station. <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenoble Airport">Grenoble Airport</a>, located <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004400000000000000♠"></span>40 km</span> northwest of the city has a range from <a href="/wiki/Temperate_continental_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate continental climate">temperate continental climate</a> to <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Cfb, <a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha</a>: Dc, Do) depending on the chosen classifications. The area contains significant seasonal differences between warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters. Both temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) for the summer months and winter <a href="/wiki/Air_frost" class="mw-redirect" title="Air frost">air frosts</a> are common. </p><p>In addition, the climate is much gloomier than in the Mediterranean region, although less so than in Northern France. Rainfall is quite heavy by French standards, although the number of rainy days is relatively moderate. </p><p>As a result of winter lows averaging below freezing, snowfall also occurs, although the Grenoble Airport area itself is too mild to sustain a snowpack all winter, unlike the surrounding mountains. The record low of −27.1 °C (−16.8 °F) decisively indicates the continental influence, being colder than records in typical maritime climates. Winter nights are also colder than in all other French lowland areas. </p><p>The Grenoble metropolitan area experiences two different microclimates: one more windy and cold to the west, the other, on the contrary, not very windy and warmer to the east. </p><p>However, the city of Grenoble features a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Köppen: Cfa) with no dry season. Although the record is incomplete, the newer station will meet the humid subtropical classification if maintained for the required 30-year period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saint-Martin-d'Hères_weather_station"><span id="Saint-Martin-d.27H.C3.A8res_weather_station"></span>Saint-Martin-d'Hères weather station</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Saint-Martin-d'Hères weather station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(5 km east of Grenoble at an altitude of 220m) </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Grenoble – <a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27H%C3%A8res" title="Saint-Martin-d'Hères">Saint-Martin-d'Hères</a> (2003–2020 averages) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(105.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4<br />(102.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.7<br />(105.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.7<br />(12.7) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.3<br />(9.9) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.4<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.9<br />(16.0) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.8<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−12.3<br />(9.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.8<br />(3.10) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.4<br />(2.14) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.8<br />(2.83) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.5<br />(2.38) </td> <td style="background: #6DFF6D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.7<br />(3.85) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.5<br />(3.25) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.1<br />(2.92) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.5<br />(3.21) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.8<br />(2.47) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.6<br />(3.29) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.3<br />(3.48) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.8<br />(3.46) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">923.8<br />(36.38) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Infoclimat<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alpes-Isère_Airport_weather_station"><span id="Alpes-Is.C3.A8re_Airport_weather_station"></span>Alpes-Isère Airport weather station</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Alpes-Isère Airport weather station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(40 km north-west of Grenoble at an altitude of 400m) </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Alpes%E2%80%93Is%C3%A8re_Airport" title="Alpes–Isère Airport">Grenoble-St Geoirs</a> (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1941–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.1<br />(−16.8) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.4<br />(−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.2<br />(−0.8) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.3<br />(22.5) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.9<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.2<br />(−4.4) </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−27.1<br />(−16.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.3<br />(2.49) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(1.92) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.5<br />(2.97) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.7<br />(3.57) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.3<br />(2.89) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.5<br />(2.62) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.3<br />(2.61) </td> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.9<br />(3.89) </td> <td style="background: #5FFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.7<br />(4.20) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.6<br />(3.88) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.6<br />(2.50) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">915.1<br />(36.03) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">104.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #A5A5A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.8 </td> <td style="background: #B7B759; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.6 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.9 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.8 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.8 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">258.4 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">292.4 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">263.4 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.2 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.4 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.1 </td> <td style="background: #8E8E8E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.0 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,108.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Meteo_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteo France">Meteo France</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat (humidity, snowy days 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-Infoclimat_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1981–2010_normals"><span id="1981.E2.80.932010_normals"></span>1981–2010 normals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1981–2010 normals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Alpes%E2%80%93Is%C3%A8re_Airport" title="Alpes–Isère Airport">Grenoble-St Geoirs</a> (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1941–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.1<br />(−16.8) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.4<br />(−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.2<br />(−0.8) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.3<br />(22.5) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.9<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.2<br />(−4.4) </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−27.1<br />(−16.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.6<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.3<br />(2.61) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.0<br />(3.27) </td> <td style="background: #63FF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.1<br />(4.10) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.2<br />(2.96) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.3<br />(2.33) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2<br />(2.65) </td> <td style="background: #5CFF5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.7<br />(4.16) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.8<br />(4.17) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.7<br />(3.45) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.1<br />(2.64) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">934.3<br />(36.78) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">106.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #AAAAA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.0 </td> <td style="background: #B7B758; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.7 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">169.8 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219.2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">255.4 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">289.8 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">255.5 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.1 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">137.5 </td> <td style="background: #9F9F9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.5 </td> <td style="background: #828282; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.6 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,065.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Meteo_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteo France">Meteo France</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat (humidity, snowy days 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-Infoclimat_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:45em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1793</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,019</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1800</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,654</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.45%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1806</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,129</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,602</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">24,888</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1836</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,969</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,824</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1846</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,963</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.93%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,340</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1856</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">32,799</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.91%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">34,726</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1866</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">40,489</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.12%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1872</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,660</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1876</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,426</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">51,371</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1886</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,484</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,439</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.86%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1896</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">64,002</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">68,615</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1906</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">73,022</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">77,438</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">77,409</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">85,621</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,748</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.17%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">95,806</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1946</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">102,161</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.64%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1954</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">116,440</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.65%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1962</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">156,707</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1968</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">161,616</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.52%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">166,037</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1982</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">156,637</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.83%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">150,758</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1999</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">153,317</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2007</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">156,793</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2012</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">158,346</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.20%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2017</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">158,454</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.01%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urbanism_and_architecture">Urbanism and architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Urbanism and architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bouchayer-Viallet site is a powerful symbol of Grenoble's industrial past.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This former factory is now converted into a dual-purpose area more closely linked to the Berriat neighbourhood. Innovative business activities as <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> co-exist with housing, sporting facilities, contemporary music venue and arts centres as <a href="/wiki/Le_Magasin" title="Le Magasin">Le Magasin</a>. At the entrance to the Bouchayer-Viallet site, Square des Fusillés has been redeveloped and extended taking over an old car park, to facilitate access from the tramway stop and Cours Berriat. </p><p>Redevelopment of the former De Bonne barracks was an important step in the drive to launch <a href="/wiki/Green_building" title="Green building">sustainable housing</a> in France. In 2009, the site of De Bonne was distinguished as the best eco-neighborhood in France.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A shopping mall contains 53 shops arranged around an inner concourse, with one side opening onto the park and the other connecting to the town. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_bastille.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/La_bastille.JPG/220px-La_bastille.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/La_bastille.JPG/330px-La_bastille.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/La_bastille.JPG/440px-La_bastille.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bastille_(Grenoble)" title="Bastille (Grenoble)">Bastille</a> from downtown, with the Memorial at the back, on the top of the hill</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Bastille">La Bastille</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: La Bastille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bastille_(Grenoble)" title="Bastille (Grenoble)">Bastille</a>, an ancient series of fortifications on the mountainside, overlooks Grenoble on the northern side and is visible from many points in the city. The Bastille is one of Grenoble's most visited tourist attractions and provides a good vantage point over both the town below and the surrounding mountains. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seilbahn-Grenoble.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Seilbahn-Grenoble.JPG/220px-Seilbahn-Grenoble.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Seilbahn-Grenoble.JPG/330px-Seilbahn-Grenoble.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Seilbahn-Grenoble.JPG/440px-Seilbahn-Grenoble.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>"Les Bulles": the cable cars</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bastille fort was begun in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, and later centuries saw extensive additions, including a semi-underground defense network. The Bastille has been credited as the most extensive example of early 18th-century fortifications in all of France. It then held an important strategic point on the French <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine</a> frontier with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first cable transport system, installed on the Bastille in 1875, was built by the Porte de France Cement Company for freight. This cable transport system connected a quarry on Mount Jalla, just over the Bastille, and Grenoble. It was abandoned in the early 20th century. </p><p>Since 1934, the Bastille has been the destination of the "<a href="/wiki/Grenoble-Bastille_cable_car" title="Grenoble-Bastille cable car">Grenoble-Bastille cable car</a>". This system of mostly transparent egg-shaped <a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">cable cars</a> known to locals as "Les Bulles" (the bubbles) provides the occupants with an excellent view over the <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re_(river)" title="Isère (river)">Isère</a>. At the top are two restaurants and installed in the casemates of the fort itself since June 2006, the Bastille Art Centre allows visitors to see contemporary art exhibitions. There is also a small military museum on mountain troops (<i>Musée des troupes de montagne</i>) and, since 2000, a memorial to the mountain troops (<i>Mémorial national des troupes de montagne</i>) further along the road, on top of the hill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palace_of_the_Parliament_of_Dauphiné"><span id="Palace_of_the_Parliament_of_Dauphin.C3.A9"></span>Palace of the Parliament of Dauphiné</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Palace of the Parliament of Dauphiné"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parlement_du_Dauphin%C3%A9_-_Grenoble.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Parlement_du_Dauphin%C3%A9_-_Grenoble.JPG/220px-Parlement_du_Dauphin%C3%A9_-_Grenoble.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Parlement_du_Dauphin%C3%A9_-_Grenoble.JPG/330px-Parlement_du_Dauphin%C3%A9_-_Grenoble.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Parlement_du_Dauphin%C3%A9_-_Grenoble.JPG/440px-Parlement_du_Dauphin%C3%A9_-_Grenoble.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4111" data-file-height="2291" /></a><figcaption>Palace of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a></figcaption></figure> <p>This renaissance palace was constructed at the Place Saint André around 1500 and extended in 1539. It was the location of the <a href="/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement">Parlement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a> until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. It then became the Grenoble courthouse, until the courts were moved to a modern building in 2002. The left wing of the palace was extended in 1897. The front of the former seat of the nearby Dauphiné Parlement combines elements from a gothic chapel and a Renaissance façade.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building now belongs to the Isère Council (Conseil Général de l'Isère). An ongoing renovation project will give this building a new life whilst preserving its patrimonial character and adding a modern touch.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_of_Grenoble">Museum of Grenoble</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Museum of Grenoble"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's most prized museum, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Grenoble" title="Museum of Grenoble">Museum of Grenoble</a> (<i>Musée de Grenoble</i>), welcomes 200,000 visitors a year. It is primarily renowned for its extensive paintings collection, which covers Western paintings from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. In the early 20th century, the Museum of Grenoble became the first French museum to open its collections to modern art, and its collection of modern and contemporary art has grown to become one of the largest in Europe. The painting holdings include works by painters such as <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Veronese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubens">Rubens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zurbar%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurbarán">Zurbarán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingres" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingres">Ingres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Picasso">Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Paul Klee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Giorgio de Chirico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>. The museum also presents a few Egyptian antiquities as well as Greek and Roman artifacts. The Sculpture collection features works by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matisse" class="mw-redirect" title="Matisse">Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Alberto Giacometti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Alexander Calder</a>. In April 2010, the <i>prophetess of Antinoe</i>, a 6th-century mummy discovered in 1907 in the <a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">Coptic</a> <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Antinopolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Antinopolis">Antinoe</a> in Middle Egypt, returned to the Museum of Grenoble, after more than fifty years of absence and extensive restoration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeological_museums">Archaeological museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Archaeological museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Grenoble_027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Grenoble_027.jpg/220px-Mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Grenoble_027.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Grenoble_027.jpg/330px-Mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Grenoble_027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Grenoble_027.jpg/440px-Mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Grenoble_027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3759" data-file-height="2457" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Archaeological_Museum" title="Grenoble Archaeological Museum">Archaeological</a> museum with the vestiges protected by a new cover of glass and metal (Place Saint-Laurent)</figcaption></figure> <p>Situated on the right bank of the Isère, on Place Saint-Laurent, the <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Archaeological_Museum" title="Grenoble Archaeological Museum">Grenoble Archaeological Museum</a> presents the archaeological excavations done on its location. The vestiges date back to the 3rd century AD and provide a timeline of the history of Christianity in the region. The museum is situated below a 12th-century Benedictine church, under which <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Joseph_Champollion-Figeac" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac">Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac</a>, brother of famed egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Champollion" title="Jean-François Champollion">Jean-François Champollion</a>, discovered a 6th-century AD church in 1803. It was one of the first classified monuments in France thanks to the intervention of <a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Prosper Mérimée</a>, historic monument inspector.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Systematic excavations were conducted from 1978 to 2011, as part of a regional research program on the evolution of churches during the Middle Ages. After eight years of work, the museum reopened on 6 May 2011. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Ancien_%C3%89v%C3%AAch%C3%A9" title="Musée de l'Ancien Évêché">Musée de l'Ancien Évêché</a> is the second archaeological museum in the city and is located near the <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Cathedral" title="Grenoble Cathedral">Grenoble Cathedral</a>. Installed in 1998, it houses the first baptistery of the city. </p><p>The Grenoble townhall hosts a bust of Stendhal by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Charles_Lenoir" title="Pierre Charles Lenoir">Pierre Charles Lenoir</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_science">Education and science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education and science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_level">Secondary level</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Secondary level"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The large community of both foreign students and foreign researchers prompted the creation of an international school. The <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_Scolaire_Internationale_de_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="Cité Scolaire Internationale de Grenoble">Cité Scolaire Internationale Europole</a> (CSI Europole) was formerly housed within the <i><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Stendhal" title="Lycée Stendhal">Lycée Stendhal</a></i> across from the <i><a href="/wiki/Maison_du_Tourisme" title="Maison du Tourisme">Maison du Tourisme</a></i>, but later moved to its own building in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europole (page does not exist)">Europole</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europole" class="extiw" title="fr:Europole">fr</a>]</span> district. In the centre of the city, two high schools have provided education to the isérois for more than three centuries. The oldest one, the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Stendhal" title="Lycée Stendhal">Lycée Stendhal</a>, was founded in 1651<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a Jesuit College. An astronomical and astrological sundial created in the college's main building in 1673 can still be visited today. The second-oldest higher education establishment in Grenoble is the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Champollion" title="Lycée Champollion">Lycée Champollion</a>, completed in 1887 to offer an excellent education to both high school students and students of preparatory classes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domaine_universitaire_Grenoble.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Domaine_universitaire_Grenoble.jpg/220px-Domaine_universitaire_Grenoble.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Domaine_universitaire_Grenoble.jpg/330px-Domaine_universitaire_Grenoble.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Domaine_universitaire_Grenoble.jpg/440px-Domaine_universitaire_Grenoble.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5304" data-file-height="3368" /></a><figcaption>Campus of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Grenoble_Alpes" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Grenoble Alpes">Université Grenoble Alpes</a></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The city is an important university centre with over 54,000 students in 2013, of whom 16% arrive from abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 1339 <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">pontificial bull</a>, Pope <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XII">Benedict XII</a> commissioned the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Grenoble_Alpes" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Grenoble Alpes">University of Grenoble</a>. </p><p>In 1965, the university mostly relocated from downtown to a suburban main campus outside of the city in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27H%C3%A8res" title="Saint-Martin-d'Hères">Saint Martin d'Hères</a> (with some parts in <a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A8res" title="Gières">Gières</a>). However, smaller campuses remain both downtown and in the northwestern part of the city known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Polygone_Scientifique" title="Polygone Scientifique">Polygone Scientifique</a></i> ("Scientific Polygon"). </p><p>From 1970 to 2015, the university was divided into four separate institutions sharing the campus grounds, some buildings and laboratories, and even part of their administration: </p> <ul><li>Grenoble I – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fourier_University" title="Joseph Fourier University">Joseph Fourier University</a> (sciences, health, technologies)</li> <li>Grenoble II – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s-France_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Mendès-France University">Pierre Mendès-France University</a> (social sciences) <ul><li>which includes the <a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble">Institute of political studies</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grenoble III – <a href="/wiki/Stendhal_University" title="Stendhal University">Stendhal University</a> (humanities)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Institute_of_Technology" title="Grenoble Institute of Technology">Grenoble Institute of Technology</a> (INPG or Grenoble-INP) is a federation of engineering colleges.</li></ul> <p>The first three of those merged back on 1 January 2016 to form the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Grenoble_Alpes" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Grenoble Alpes">Université Grenoble Alpes</a></span></span>, and the last one joined them on 1 January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ENAC_Grenoble_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ENAC_Grenoble_Campus.jpg/220px-ENAC_Grenoble_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ENAC_Grenoble_Campus.jpg/330px-ENAC_Grenoble_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ENAC_Grenoble_Campus.jpg/440px-ENAC_Grenoble_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Grenoble Campus of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_de_l%27aviation_civile" title="École nationale de l'aviation civile">ENAC</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Campuses are also located in Grenoble for : </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_de_l%27aviation_civile" title="École nationale de l'aviation civile">École nationale de l'aviation civile</a> (French civil aviation university),</li> <li>École d'Architecture de Grenoble ( School of Architecture of Grenoble) and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble_%C3%89cole_de_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenoble École de Management">Grenoble École de Management</a> (Grenoble School of Management) triple accredited <a href="/wiki/Association_of_MBAs" title="Association of MBAs">AMBA</a>-<a href="/wiki/EFMD_Quality_Improvement_System" title="EFMD Quality Improvement System">EQUIS</a>-<a href="/wiki/Association_to_Advance_Collegiate_Schools_of_Business" title="Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business">AACSB</a> Business School.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Science_and_engineering">Science and engineering</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Science and engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esrf_grenoble.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Esrf_grenoble.jpg/220px-Esrf_grenoble.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Esrf_grenoble.jpg/330px-Esrf_grenoble.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Esrf_grenoble.jpg/440px-Esrf_grenoble.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Site of <a href="/wiki/European_Synchrotron_Radiation_Facility" title="European Synchrotron Radiation Facility">European Synchrotron Radiation Facility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institut_Laue-Langevin" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut Laue-Langevin">Institut Laue-Langevin</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Molecular_Biology_Laboratory" title="European Molecular Biology Laboratory">European Molecular Biology Laboratory</a> at the Western end of the <i><a href="/wiki/Polygone_Scientifique" title="Polygone Scientifique">Polygone Scientifique</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Grenoble is a major scientific centre, especially in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Applied_mathematics" title="Applied mathematics">applied mathematics</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fourier_University" title="Joseph Fourier University">Universite Joseph Fourier</a> (UJF) is one of the leading French scientific universities while the Grenoble Institute of Technology trains more than 5,000 engineers every year in key technology disciplines. Grenoble's high-tech expertise is organized mainly around three domains: information technology, biotechnologies, and new technologies of energy.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many fundamental and applied scientific research laboratories are conjointly managed by Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Institute of Technology, and the French <i><a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="French National Centre for Scientific Research">National Centre for Scientific Research</a></i> (CNRS). Numerous other scientific laboratories are managed independently or in collaboration with the CNRS and the French <i><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_recherche_en_informatique_et_en_automatique" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique">National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control</a></i> (INRIA). </p><p>Other research centres in or near Grenoble include the <a href="/wiki/European_Synchrotron_Radiation_Facility" title="European Synchrotron Radiation Facility">European Synchrotron Radiation Facility</a> (ESRF), the <a href="/wiki/Institut_Laue-Langevin" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut Laue-Langevin">Institut Laue-Langevin</a> (ILL), the <a href="/wiki/European_Molecular_Biology_Laboratory" title="European Molecular Biology Laboratory">European Molecular Biology Laboratory</a> (EMBL), the <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_radioastronomie_millim%C3%A9trique" title="Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique">Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique</a>, one of the main research facilities of the <a href="/wiki/Commissariat_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9nergie_atomique" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissariat à l'énergie atomique">Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique</a> (Nuclear Energy Commission, CEA), the <a href="/wiki/LNCMI" class="mw-redirect" title="LNCMI">LNCMI</a> and the European branch of <a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox Research</a> (whose most notable center was <a href="/wiki/PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">PARC</a>). <a href="/wiki/CEA-Leti:_Laboratoire_d%27%C3%A9lectronique_des_technologies_de_l%27information" title="CEA-Leti: Laboratoire d'électronique des technologies de l'information">Leti</a> and the recent development of <a href="/wiki/Minatec" title="Minatec">Minatec</a>, a centre for innovation in micro- and nano-technology, only increases Grenoble's position as a European scientific centre.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biotechnologies are also well represented in the Grenoble region with the molecular biology research center <a href="/wiki/BioM%C3%A9rieux" title="BioMérieux">BioMérieux</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Clinatec" title="Clinatec">Clinatec</a> center, the regional center NanoBio and many ramifications of the global competitiveness cluster Lyonbiopôle.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Grenoble has large laboratories related to space and to the understanding and observation of the universe as the <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_radioastronomie_millim%C3%A9trique" title="Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique">Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_de_plan%C3%A9tologie_et_d%27astrophysique_de_Grenoble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut de planétologie et d'astrophysique de Grenoble (page does not exist)">Institut de planétologie et d'astrophysique de Grenoble</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratoire_de_physique_subatomique_et_de_cosmologie_de_Grenoble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratoire de physique subatomique et de cosmologie de Grenoble (page does not exist)">Laboratoire de physique subatomique et de cosmologie de Grenoble</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institut_N%C3%A9el" title="Institut Néel">Institut Néel</a> but also to a lesser extent the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_des_sciences_de_la_Terre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut des sciences de la Terre (page does not exist)">Institut des sciences de la Terre</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Observatoire_des_Sciences_de_l%27Univers_de_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble">Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble</a>). </p><p>In order to foster this technological cluster university institutions and research organizations united to create the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giant-grenoble.org/en/presentation/">GIANT</a> (Grenoble Innovation for Advanced New Technologies) Campus<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the aim at becoming one of the world's top campuses in research (CEA, CNRS), higher education (INP-UGA, Grenoble Ecole de Management), and high tech.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city benefits from the highest concentration of strategic jobs in France after Paris, with 14% of the employments, 35,186 jobs, 45% of which specialized in design and research.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grenoble is also the largest research center in France after Paris with 22,800 jobs (11,800 in public research, 7,500 in private research and 3,500 PhD students).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grenoble is also renowned for the excellence of its academic research in humanities and political sciences.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Its universities, alongside public scientific institutions, host some of the largest research centres in France (in fields such as political science, urban planning or the <a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociology of organizations">sociology of organizations</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knowledge_and_innovation_community">Knowledge and innovation community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Knowledge and innovation community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grenoble is one of the co-location centres of the <a href="/wiki/European_Institute_of_Innovation_and_Technology" title="European Institute of Innovation and Technology">European Institute of Innovation and Technology</a>'s Knowledge and Innovation Communities for <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">sustainable energy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Industry occupies a large part of the local economy. High-tech industries have a significant presence, especially in the field of semiconductors, electronics, and <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>. <a href="/wiki/STMicroelectronics" title="STMicroelectronics">STMicroelectronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schneider_Electric" title="Schneider Electric">Schneider Electric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soitec" title="Soitec">Soitec</a> have major manufacturing and R&D facilities. Traditional industries in fields such as heavy equipment manufacturing and chemistry are still present and include <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</a>, <a href="/wiki/GE_Renewable_Energy" title="GE Renewable Energy">GE Renewable Energy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arkema" title="Arkema">Arkema</a>. </p><p>The town was once famous for <a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">glove</a> manufacturing, for which <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Jouvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xavier Jouvin (page does not exist)">Xavier Jouvin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Jouvin" class="extiw" title="fr:Xavier Jouvin">fr</a>]</span> introduced an innovative technique in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few small companies continue to produce gloves for a very high-end market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Companies">Companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Si%C3%A8ge_de_Gl%C3%A9nat_-_Grenoble.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Gl%C3%A9nat_-_Grenoble.jpg/220px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_Gl%C3%A9nat_-_Grenoble.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Gl%C3%A9nat_-_Grenoble.jpg/330px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_Gl%C3%A9nat_-_Grenoble.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Gl%C3%A9nat_-_Grenoble.jpg/440px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_Gl%C3%A9nat_-_Grenoble.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>Head office of <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A9nat_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glénat (publisher)">Glénat</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2011, the largest employers in the Grenoble metropolitan area were:<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable centre"> <tbody><tr> <th>Enterprise, location </th> <th>Number of employees<br /> </th> <th>Sector </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/STMicroelectronics" title="STMicroelectronics">STMicroelectronics</a>, Grenoble and Crolles </td> <td>5,979 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> manufacturing, R&D </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schneider_Electric" title="Schneider Electric">Schneider Electric</a>, Grenoble agglomeration </td> <td>4,915 </td> <td>Electrical equipment, R&D </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar France</a>, Grenoble and Echirolles </td> <td>1,865 </td> <td>Construction of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment_(construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy equipment (construction)">heavy equipment</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard France</a>, Eybens </td> <td>1,814 </td> <td>Computer science </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Becton_Dickinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Becton Dickinson">Becton Dickinson</a>, Pont-de-Claix </td> <td>1,736 </td> <td>R&D and production of advanced systems for drugs administration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carrefour" title="Carrefour">Carrefour</a>, Grenoble agglomeration </td> <td>1,165 </td> <td>Hypermarkets </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capgemini" title="Capgemini">Capgemini</a>, Grenoble </td> <td>1,100 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_consulting" title="Information technology consulting">Information technology consulting</a> and <a href="/wiki/IT_service_management" title="IT service management">IT service management</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Casino" title="Groupe Casino">Groupe Casino</a>, Grenoble agglomeration </td> <td>990 </td> <td>Supermarkets </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samse, Grenoble agglomeration </td> <td>965 </td> <td>Supplier of building materials </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Soitec" title="Soitec">Soitec</a>, Bernin </td> <td>952 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> manufacturer specialized in the production of <a href="/wiki/Silicon-On-Insulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon-On-Insulator">SOI</a> <a href="/wiki/Wafer_(electronics)" title="Wafer (electronics)">wafers</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The presence of companies such as HP or Caterpillar in the area has drawn many American and British workers to Grenoble, especially in the surrounding mountain villages. The region has the second largest English-speaking community in France, after Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That community has an English-speaking Church and supports the International School.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these Americans, British, Australians etc. go to Grenoble with the intention of returning home after some time but the mountains and general lifestyle often keep them there. Some choose to put their children in the international school "cité internationale", while the "American School of Grenoble" is the alternative for those who prefer to have the core curriculum in English. With numerous associations like Open House, this large English-speaking population organizes family events making life in Grenoble harder to turn away from.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Publisher <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A9nat_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glénat (publisher)">Glénat</a> has its head office in Grenoble.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Inovall%C3%A9e" title="Inovallée">Inovallée</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Science_park" title="Science park">science park</a> with about 12,000 jobs located at <a href="/wiki/Meylan" title="Meylan">Meylan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montbonnot-Saint-Martin" title="Montbonnot-Saint-Martin">Montbonnot-Saint-Martin</a> near Grenoble.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9Grenoble_Is%C3%A8re" title="TéléGrenoble Isère">téléGrenoble Isère</a> is the local TV channel with <a href="/wiki/France_3_Alpes" title="France 3 Alpes">France 3 Alpes</a>. The local newspaper is <a href="/wiki/Le_Dauphin%C3%A9_lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Le Dauphiné libéré">Le Dauphiné libéré</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenoble-Clermont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Grenoble-Clermont.jpg/220px-Grenoble-Clermont.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Grenoble-Clermont.jpg/330px-Grenoble-Clermont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Grenoble-Clermont.jpg/440px-Grenoble-Clermont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stade_des_Alpes" title="Stade des Alpes">Stade des Alpes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Grenoble hosted the <a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968 Winter Olympics</a>. The city is surrounded by ski resorts nestled in the surrounding mountains. <a href="/wiki/Stade_Lesdigui%C3%A8res" title="Stade Lesdiguières">Stade Lesdiguières</a> is located in Grenoble and has been the venue for international <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> games. </p><p>Grenoble is the home of first <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="FC Grenoble">FC Grenoble</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> teams, <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BBleurs_de_loups" class="mw-redirect" title="Brûleurs de loups">Brûleurs de loups</a>, and a second-tier football team, <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Foot_38" title="Grenoble Foot 38">Grenoble Foot 38</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six-Days_of_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="Six-Days of Grenoble">Six-Days of Grenoble</a>, a six-day track cycling race held since 1971</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Via_ferrata" title="Via ferrata">via ferrata</a> Grenoble is a climbing route located on the hill of the Bastille in Grenoble.</li></ul> <p>The abundance of natural sites around Grenoble as well as the particular influence of mountaineering practices and history make many Grenoble inhabitants very fond of sports and outdoor activities (e.g., hiking, mountain biking, <a href="/wiki/Backcountry_skiing" title="Backcountry skiing">backcountry skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paragliding" title="Paragliding">paragliding</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> cycling race regularly passes through the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_tramway" title="Grenoble tramway">Grenoble tramway</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramway_citadis_grenoble.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Tramway_citadis_grenoble.JPG/220px-Tramway_citadis_grenoble.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Tramway_citadis_grenoble.JPG/330px-Tramway_citadis_grenoble.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Tramway_citadis_grenoble.JPG/440px-Tramway_citadis_grenoble.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The railway station and a tram (light rail)</figcaption></figure> <p>A comprehensive bus and tram service operates 26 bus routes and five <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> lines. It serves much of greater Grenoble, while a new cable car system known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9troc%C3%A2ble_(Grenoble)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Métrocâble (Grenoble) (page does not exist)">Métrocâble</a> is scheduled to be completed in 2022. Being essentially flat, Grenoble is also a bicycle-friendly city. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Grenoble">Gare de Grenoble</a> is served by the <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> rail network, with frequent high-speed services (3 hours) to and from <a href="/wiki/Paris-Gare_de_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris-Gare de Lyon">Paris-Gare de Lyon</a>, usually with a stop at <a href="/wiki/Lyon-Saint_Exup%C3%A9ry_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport">Lyon Saint-Exupéry Airport</a>. While Grenoble is not directly on any high-speed line, TGVs can run at reduced speeds on the classic network and enable such connections. <a href="/wiki/Transport_express_r%C3%A9gional" title="Transport express régional">Local rail</a> services connect Grenoble with <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, and less frequently to <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme">Valence</a>, and to destinations to the south. <a href="/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme">Valence</a> and Lyon to the west provides connections with TGV services along the Rhône Valley. Rail and road connections to the south are less developed. </p><p>Grenoble can be accessed by air from <a href="/wiki/Grenoble-Is%C3%A8re_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenoble-Isère Airport">Grenoble-Isère Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyon-Saint_Exup%C3%A9ry_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport">Lyon Saint-Exupéry Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva International Airport">Geneva International Airport</a>, with the airport bus connections being most frequent to Lyon Saint-Exupéry. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I-road_-_Grenoble.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/I-road_-_Grenoble.JPG/220px-I-road_-_Grenoble.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/I-road_-_Grenoble.JPG/330px-I-road_-_Grenoble.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/I-road_-_Grenoble.JPG/440px-I-road_-_Grenoble.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Toyota_concept_vehicles,_2010%E2%80%9319#i-Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota concept vehicles, 2010–19">I-Road</a> in Grenoble</figcaption></figure> <p>Highways link Grenoble to the other major cities in the area including the <a href="/wiki/A48_autoroute" title="A48 autoroute">A48 autoroute</a> to the northwest toward <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/A49_autoroute" title="A49 autoroute">A49</a> to the southwest toward the Rhone valley via <a href="/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme">Valence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/A41_autoroute" title="A41 autoroute">A41</a> to the northeast toward <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a>, the Alps, and Italy and Switzerland. </p><p>A partial ring road around the south of the city, the Rocade Sud, connects the motorway arriving from the northwest (A48) with that arriving from the northeast (A41). A project to complete the ring road, with a tunnel under the Bastille as part of the likely routes, was rejected after its environmental impact studies.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2014 to 2017, the city of Grenoble tested the rental of seventy <a href="/wiki/Toyota_concept_vehicles,_2010%E2%80%9319#i-Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota concept vehicles, 2010–19">I-Road</a> electric vehicles. </p><p>In 2016, the speed limit was lowered to 30 km/h (19 mph) on 80% of the streets of Grenoble and forty-two neighboring municipalities, to both improve safety and reduce pollution levels. The limit, however, remains 50 km/h (31 mph) on the main arteries.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MAGASINFev2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/MAGASINFev2014.jpg/220px-MAGASINFev2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/MAGASINFev2014.jpg/330px-MAGASINFev2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/MAGASINFev2014.jpg/440px-MAGASINFev2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Le Magasin contemporary art centre</figcaption></figure> <p>Grenoble hosts several festivals: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9tours_de_Babel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Détours de Babel (page does not exist)">Détours de Babel</a> in March,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_Air_Short_Film_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open Air Short Film Festival (page does not exist)">Open Air Short Film Festival</a> in early July, and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret_Frapp%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabaret Frappé (page does not exist)">Cabaret Frappé</a></i> music festival at the end of July. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Summum_(Grenoble)" title="Summum (Grenoble)">Summum</a> is the biggest concert hall in Grenoble, and the most famous artists produce there. Another big hall, <i>Le grand angle</i>, is located nearby in <a href="/wiki/Voiron" title="Voiron">Voiron</a>. Smaller halls in the city include the <i>Salle Olivier Messiaen</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Couvent_des_Minimes_de_Grenoble" title="Couvent des Minimes de Grenoble">Minim Monastery</a>. </p><p>The main cultural center of the city is called <a href="/wiki/Maison_de_la_Culture_de_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison de la Culture de Grenoble">MC2</a> (for <i>Maison de la culture, version 2</i>), which hosts music, theater, and dance performances. The <a href="/wiki/Conservatory_of_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatory of Grenoble">Conservatory of Grenoble</a> is founded in 1935. </p><p>There are several theaters in Grenoble, the main one being Grenoble Municipal Theatre (<i>Théatre de Grenoble</i>). Others are the <i>Théâtre de Création</i>, the <i>Théâtre Prémol</i>, and the <i>Théâtre 145</i>. Grenoble also hosts <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upstage_Productions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upstage Productions (page does not exist)">Upstage Productions</a>, which performs once a year through an exclusively English speaking troupe. </p><p>There are two main art centres in Grenoble: the <i>Centre national d'Art contemporain</i> (also called <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Magasin" title="Le Magasin">Le Magasin</a></i>) and the <i>Centre d'art Bastille</i>. </p><p>Grenoble is known for its <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnuts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noix_de_Grenoble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noix de Grenoble (page does not exist)">Noix de Grenoble</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noix_de_Grenoble" class="extiw" title="fr:Noix de Grenoble">fr</a>]</span> which enjoy an <a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27origine_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e" title="Appellation d'origine contrôlée"><i>appellation</i> of controlled origin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town also hosts a well-known comics publisher, <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A9nat_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glénat (publisher)">Glénat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Grenoble" title="List of people from Grenoble">List of people from Grenoble</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>After World War I, one street in the centre of <a href="/wiki/Smederevska_Palanka" title="Smederevska Palanka">Smederevska Palanka</a> (Serbia) was named French street <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Rue+de+Palanka,+38000+Grenoble,+Is%C3%A8re,+Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes,+France&ll=44.364556,20.958368&spn=0.001887,0.006866&z=18">(Francuska ulica)</a> and one street in Grenoble was named <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&hl=en&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Rue+de+Palanka,+38000+Grenoble,+Is%C3%A8re,+Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes,+France&ll=45.191048,5.723968&spn=0.00093,0.002411&z=19">Palanka street</a>(Rue de Palanka). The same neighborhood also has a Belgrade Street <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&hs=x9C&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q=rue+de+belgrade,+grenoble&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=Rue+de+Belgrade,+38000+Grenoble,+France&gl=us&ei=YdUeTNabMMWBlAfLkt36DA&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&ct=image&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ8gEwAA">(Rue de Belgrade)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grenoble is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a>, Italy, since 1961<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, Austria, since 1963<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>, Germany, since 1976<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RuhrTwins2010_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RuhrTwins2010-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Halle,_Saxony-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Halle, Saxony-Anhalt">Halle</a>, Germany, since 1976<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, Moldova, since 1977<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chișinău_twinnings_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chișinău_twinnings-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, United Kingdom, since 1977<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_twinnings_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_twinnings-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Archant_twinning_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a>, Israel, since 1977<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>, United States, since 1990<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Phoenix_sisters_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phoenix_sisters-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a>, Hungary, since 1992<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>, since 1995<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, Lithuania, since 1997<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sfax" title="Sfax">Sfax</a>, Tunisia, since 1998<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>, Algeria, since 1999<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Corato" title="Corato">Corato</a>, Italy, since 2002<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sevan,_Armenia" title="Sevan, Armenia">Sevan</a>, Armenia, since 2009<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsukuba" title="Tsukuba">Tsukuba</a>, Japan, since 2013<sup id="cite_ref-Grenoble_78-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenoble-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenoble_panoramique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Grenoble_panoramique.jpg/750px-Grenoble_panoramique.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Grenoble_panoramique.jpg/1125px-Grenoble_panoramique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Grenoble_panoramique.jpg/1500px-Grenoble_panoramique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4207" data-file-height="1374" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grenoble from the Vercors ranges</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenoble_-_Vue_panoramique_printemps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Grenoble_-_Vue_panoramique_printemps.jpg/750px-Grenoble_-_Vue_panoramique_printemps.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Grenoble_-_Vue_panoramique_printemps.jpg/1125px-Grenoble_-_Vue_panoramique_printemps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Grenoble_-_Vue_panoramique_printemps.jpg/1500px-Grenoble_-_Vue_panoramique_printemps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8749" data-file-height="1785" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grenoble (west side) from La Bastille</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenoble_panorama_night_bastille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Grenoble_panorama_night_bastille.jpg/750px-Grenoble_panorama_night_bastille.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Grenoble_panorama_night_bastille.jpg/1125px-Grenoble_panorama_night_bastille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Grenoble_panorama_night_bastille.jpg/1500px-Grenoble_panorama_night_bastille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8571" data-file-height="2724" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grenoble at night from La Bastille</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Grenoble-Alpes" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Grenoble-Alpes">Université Grenoble-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Grenoble-Vienne" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Grenoble-Vienne">Bishopric of Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand%27Place" title="Grand'Place">Grand'Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Grenoble" title="List of mayors of Grenoble">List of mayors of Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Route Napoléon">Route Napoléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Roch_Cemetery" title="Saint Roch Cemetery">Saint Roch Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arboretum_Robert_Ruffier-Lanche" title="Arboretum Robert Ruffier-Lanche">Arboretum Robert Ruffier-Lanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellatex" title="Cellatex">Cellatex</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a>. <i>data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises</i> (in French). 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-38185">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-38185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-compar-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-014+UU2020-38701+COM-38185">Comparateur de territoire</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/grenoble">"Grenoble"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. Harper Collins. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Grenoble&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fgrenoble&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/38185-grenoble">Commune de Grenoble (38185)</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graff-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Graff_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Graff_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraff2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Graff, James (22 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040823192020/http://www.time.com/time/europe/secret/grenoble.html">"Secret Capitals"</a>. <i>Time</i>. New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/europe/secret/grenoble.html">the original</a> on 23 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Secret+Capitals&rft.date=2004-08-22&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Feurope%2Fsecret%2Fgrenoble.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pentland-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pentland_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pentland_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPentland2013" class="citation news cs1">Pentland, William (9 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/williampentland/2013/07/09/worlds-15-most-inventive-cities/">"World's 15 Most Inventive Cities"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. New York<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=World%27s+15+Most+Inventive+Cities&rft.date=2013-07-09&rft.aulast=Pentland&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fwilliampentland%2F2013%2F07%2F09%2Fworlds-15-most-inventive-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop2017-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pop2017_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/4265429/ensemble.pdf">Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/aire-attraction-des-villes-2020/014-grenoble">Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Grenoble (014)</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._A._B._Coolidge" title="W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normes+et+records+1961-1990%3A+Grenoble-St+Geoirs+%2838%29+-+altitude+384m&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie-07486-grenoble-st-geoirs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_38384001.pdf">"Grenoble–St Geoirs (35)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records</i> (in French). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1981%E2%80%932010+et+records&rft.atitle=Grenoble%E2%80%93St+Geoirs+%2835%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_38384001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=16147">Commune data sheet Grenoble</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-38185#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lametro.fr/662-bouchayer-viallet-2005-2014.htm">lametro.fr, Bouchayer-Viallet // 2005-2014.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214045059/http://www.lametro.fr/662-bouchayer-viallet-2005-2014.htm">Archived</a> 14 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantico.fr/pepites/apple-choisi-grenoble-pour-implanter-laboratoire-recherche-imagerie-iphone-2769043.html">www.atlantico.fr, Apple a choisi Grenoble pour implanter son laboratoire de recherche sur l'imagerie iPhone.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019002150/http://www.atlantico.fr/pepites/apple-choisi-grenoble-pour-implanter-laboratoire-recherche-imagerie-iphone-2769043.html">Archived</a> 19 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2009/11/04/la-caserne-de-bonne-quartier-modele-et-econome-du-centre-de-grenoble_1262583_3244.html">lemonde.fr 4 November 2009, La caserne De Bonne, quartier modèle et économe du centre de Grenoble</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090510104756/http://bastille-grenoble.fr/english/fortifie_uk.htm">"Bienvenue sur www.bastille-grenoble.com"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bienvenue+sur+www.bastille-grenoble.com&rft.pub=Bastille-grenoble.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bastille-grenoble.fr%2Fenglish%2Ffortifie_uk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isere-patrimoine.fr/2676-ancien-palais-du-parlement-ancien-palais-de-justice-grenoble.htm">isere patrimoine.fr</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013200621/http://espace-documentaire.cg38.fr/uploads/Document/c6/WEB_CHEMIN_33335_1182845658.pdf">"Le nouvel avenir du palais du Parlement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 13 October 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+National+Education&rft.atitle=Atlas+r%C3%A9gional+des+effectifs+%C3%A9tudiants+en+2012-2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcache.media.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr%2Ffile%2FAtlas_2012-2013%2F27%2F8%2FAtlas_1213_Web_316278.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/news/headlines/2020-new-year-new-universite-grenoble-alpes-629918.kjsp">"2020: New year, new Université Grenoble Alpes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020%3A+New+year%2C+new+Universit%C3%A9+Grenoble+Alpes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr%2Fnews%2Fheadlines%2F2020-new-year-new-universite-grenoble-alpes-629918.kjsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819111320/http://www.grenoble.fr/176-poles-de-competitivite.htm">"Pôles de compétitivité"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eit.europa.eu/home.html">the original</a> on 28 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europa+%28web+portal%29&rft.atitle=European+Institute+of+Innovation+and+Technology%3A+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feit.europa.eu%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Doyon, Xavier Jouvin, inventeur grenoblois et sa famille, Paris, Dayez ed., 1976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017200939/http://www.presences-grenoble.fr/outils/palmares/les-entreprises-recompensees-13149.kjsp?RH=ENTREPRISES-2600&RF=PRES-PALMARES">"Les entreprises récompensées"</a>. Grenoble.cci.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presences-grenoble.fr/outils/palmares/les-entreprises-recompensees-13149.kjsp?RH=ENTREPRISES-2600&RF=PRES-PALMARES">the original</a> on 17 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+entreprises+r%C3%A9compens%C3%A9es&rft.pub=Grenoble.cci.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presences-grenoble.fr%2Foutils%2Fpalmares%2Fles-entreprises-recompensees-13149.kjsp%3FRH%3DENTREPRISES-2600%26RF%3DPRES-PALMARES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comptable-grenoble.com/comptable/comptabilite/4-grenoble-meylan.html">"Comptable à Grenoble, Isère (38)"</a>. Comptable-grenoble.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comptable+%C3%A0+Grenoble%2C+Is%C3%A8re+%2838%29&rft.pub=Comptable-grenoble.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comptable-grenoble.com%2Fcomptable%2Fcomptabilite%2F4-grenoble-meylan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821192907/http://www.americanschoolgrenoble.com/">"American School of Grenoble ASG home page"</a>. <i>americanschoolgrenoble.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanschoolgrenoble.com/">the original</a> on 21 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanschoolgrenoble.com&rft.atitle=American+School+of+Grenoble+ASG+home+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanschoolgrenoble.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180215083609/http://speakenglishcenter.com/en/grenoble-frances-second-largest-english-speaki">"Grenoble, France's Second Largest English Speaking Community"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://speakenglishcenter.com/en/grenoble-frances-second-largest-english-speaki">the original</a> on 15 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grenoble%2C+France%27s+Second+Largest+English+Speaking+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspeakenglishcenter.com%2Fen%2Fgrenoble-frances-second-largest-english-speaki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glenat.com/mentions-obligatoires.asp">Mentions obligatoires</a>." <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A9nat_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glénat (publisher)">Glénat</a>. Retrieved on 1 May 2011. "GLENAT Editions SA 37, Rue Servan BP 177 38008 GRENOBLE CEDEX 1"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160915003654/http://www.inovallee.com/la-technopole/">"Le parc technologique - Inovallée"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inovallee.com/la-technopole/">the original</a> on 15 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+parc+technologique+-+Inovall%C3%A9e&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inovallee.com%2Fla-technopole%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The web site of the Rocade Nord lists the two preferred routes, both of which pass under the Bastille in a long tunnel: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.rocade-nord.fr/index.php?id=163">http://www.rocade-nord.fr/index.php?id=163</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160831210304/http://www.placegrenet.fr/2016/02/04/circulation-in-grenoble-50-kmh-the-exception-30-kmh-the-rule/75090">"Circulation in Grenoble: 50 km/h the exception, 30 km/h the rule - Place Gre'net"</a>. 4 February 2016. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Circulation+in+Grenoble%3A+50+km%2Fh+the+exception%2C+30+km%2Fh+the+rule+-+Place+Gre%27net&rft.date=2016-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.placegrenet.fr%2F2016%2F02%2F04%2Fcirculation-in-grenoble-50-kmh-the-exception-30-kmh-the-rule%2F75090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detoursdebabel.fr/">"Les Détours de Babel - Festival de musique à Grenoble et en Isère"</a>. <i>Les Détours de Babel - Festival de musique à Grenoble et en Isère</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+D%C3%A9tours+de+Babel+-+Festival+de+musique+%C3%A0+Grenoble+et+en+Is%C3%A8re&rft.atitle=Les+D%C3%A9tours+de+Babel+-+Festival+de+musique+%C3%A0+Grenoble+et+en+Is%C3%A8re&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.detoursdebabel.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnecybernard_–_Conception_et_Design_Olivier_Bellon,_Programmation_Frederic_Chatel" class="citation web cs1">Annecybernard – Conception et Design Olivier Bellon, Programmation Frederic Chatel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aoc-noixdegrenoble.com/">"Noix De Grenoble AOC CING Comité Interprofessionnel"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+City+Council&rft.atitle=Oxford%27s+International+Twin+Towns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxford.gov.uk%2FPageRender%2FdecAC%2FTown_twinning_occw.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archant_twinning-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Archant_twinning_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">"British towns twinned with French towns"</a>. <i>Archant Community Media Ltd</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">the original</a> on 5 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archant+Community+Media+Ltd&rft.atitle=British+towns+twinned+with+French+towns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completefrance.com%2Flanguage-culture%2Ftwin-towns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phoenix_sisters-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phoenix_sisters_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724085207/http://www.phoenixsistercities.org/">"Phoenix Sister Cities"</a>. Phoenix Sister Cities. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phoenixsistercities.org">the original</a> on 24 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phoenix+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=Phoenix+Sister+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoenixsistercities.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Grenoble#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Grenoble">Bibliography of the history of Grenoble</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Grenoble" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Grenoble">Grenoble</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Grenoble"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Grenoble">"Grenoble" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. p. 184-185.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grenoble&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=184-185&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenoble" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100627072637/http://www.ville-grenoble.fr/">Grenoble City website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Grenoble</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grenoble" class="extiw" title="c:Grenoble">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Grenoble" class="extiw" title="voy:Grenoble">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_France" title="Template talk:Cities in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in France by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeurbanne" title="Villeurbanne">Villeurbanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template talk:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse" title="Bourg-en-Bresse">Bourg-en-Bresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digne-les-Bains" title="Digne-les-Bains">Digne-les-Bains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foix" title="Foix">Foix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodez" title="Rodez">Rodez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurillac" title="Aurillac">Aurillac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle" title="Tulle">Tulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastia" title="Bastia">Bastia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brieuc" title="Saint-Brieuc">Saint-Brieuc</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ret" title="Guéret">Guéret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigueux" title="Périgueux">Périgueux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (city)">Valence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux" title="Évreux">Évreux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auch" title="Auch">Auch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grenoble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lons-le-Saunier" title="Lons-le-Saunier">Lons-le-Saunier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-de-Marsan" title="Mont-de-Marsan">Mont-de-Marsan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahors" title="Cahors">Cahors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont,_Haute-Marne" title="Chaumont, Haute-Marne">Chaumont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Mayenne" title="Laval, Mayenne">Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on" title="Alençon">Alençon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbes" title="Tarbes">Tarbes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-Yon" title="La Roche-sur-Yon">La Roche-sur-Yon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cergy" title="Cergy">Cergy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Overseas_departments"><b><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas departments</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winter_Olympic_Games_host_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_Winter_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template:Olympic Winter Games Host Cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_Winter_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template talk:Olympic Winter Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_Winter_Games_Host_Cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic Winter Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winter_Olympic_Games_host_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympic Games</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">host cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chamonix" title="Chamonix">Chamonix</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York" title="Lake Placid, New York">Lake Placid</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics" title="1940 Winter Olympics">1940</a>:</b> <i>None</i><sup>[c1]</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics" title="1944 Winter Olympics">1944</a>:</b> <i>None</i><sup>[c1]</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo" title="Cortina d'Ampezzo">Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Valley,_California" title="Olympic Valley, California">Squaw Valley</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grenoble</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York" title="Lake Placid, New York">Lake Placid</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albertville" title="Albertville">Albertville</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lillehammer" title="Lillehammer">Lillehammer</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagano_(city)" title="Nagano (city)">Nagano</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pyeongchang_County" title="Pyeongchang County">Pyeongchang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics"><i>2026</i></a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo" title="Cortina d'Ampezzo">Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics" title="2030 Winter Olympics"><i>2030</i></a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Alps" title="French Alps">French Alps</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics" title="2034 Winter Olympics"><i>2034</i></a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>[c1]</sup> Cancelled due to World War II <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Olympic Games portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Isère&#124;link=Isère_Communes_of_the_Isère_department" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Is%C3%A8re_communes" title="Template:Isère communes"><abbr title="View this 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Is%C3%A8re.svg/45px-Flag_of_Is%C3%A8re.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Is%C3%A8re_department" title="Communes of the Isère department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Les_Abrets_en_Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Les Abrets en Dauphiné">Les Abrets en Dauphiné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Adrets" title="Les Adrets">Les Adrets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnin" title="Agnin">Agnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Albenc" title="L'Albenc">L'Albenc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allemond" title="Allemond">Allemond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allevard" title="Allevard">Allevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambel,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Ambel, Isère">Ambel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjou,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Anjou, Isère">Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annoisin-Chatelans" title="Annoisin-Chatelans">Annoisin-Chatelans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthon,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Anthon, Isère">Anthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aoste,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Aoste, Isère">Aoste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apprieu" title="Apprieu">Apprieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arandon-Passins" title="Arandon-Passins">Arandon-Passins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artas,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Artas, Isère">Artas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assieu" title="Assieu">Assieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberives-en-Royans" title="Auberives-en-Royans">Auberives-en-Royans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberives-sur-Var%C3%A8ze" title="Auberives-sur-Varèze">Auberives-sur-Varèze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auris,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Auris, Isère">Auris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autrans-M%C3%A9audre-en-Vercors" title="Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors">Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Aveni%C3%A8res-Veyrins-Thuellin" title="Les Avenières-Veyrins-Thuellin">Les Avenières-Veyrins-Thuellin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignonet" title="Avignonet">Avignonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Balme-les-Grottes" title="La Balme-les-Grottes">La Balme-les-Grottes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barraux" title="Barraux">Barraux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_B%C3%A2tie-Montgascon" title="La Bâtie-Montgascon">La Bâtie-Montgascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaucroissant" title="Beaucroissant">Beaucroissant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufin" title="Beaufin">Beaufin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Beaufort, Isère">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Beaulieu, Isère">Beaulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurepaire,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Beaurepaire, Isère">Beaurepaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvoir-de-Marc" title="Beauvoir-de-Marc">Beauvoir-de-Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvoir-en-Royans" title="Beauvoir-en-Royans">Beauvoir-en-Royans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellegarde-Poussieu" title="Bellegarde-Poussieu">Bellegarde-Poussieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Belmont, Isère">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernin" title="Bernin">Bernin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besse,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Besse, Isère">Besse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessins" title="Bessins">Bessins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9venais" title="Bévenais">Bévenais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilieu" title="Bilieu">Bilieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biol,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Biol, Isère">Biol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biviers" title="Biviers">Biviers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizonnes" title="Bizonnes">Bizonnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blandin" title="Blandin">Blandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnefamille" title="Bonnefamille">Bonnefamille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossieu" title="Bossieu">Bossieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bouchage,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Le Bouchage, Isère">Le Bouchage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boug%C3%A9-Chambalud" title="Bougé-Chambalud">Bougé-Chambalud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bourg-d%27Oisans" title="Le Bourg-d'Oisans">Le Bourg-d'Oisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgoin-Jallieu" title="Bourgoin-Jallieu">Bourgoin-Jallieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvesse-Quirieu" title="Bouvesse-Quirieu">Bouvesse-Quirieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brangues" title="Brangues">Brangues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bressieux" title="Bressieux">Bressieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bresson,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Bresson, Isère">Bresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9zins" title="Brézins">Brézins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bri%C3%A9-et-Angonnes" title="Brié-et-Angonnes">Brié-et-Angonnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brion,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Brion, Isère">Brion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Buisse" title="La Buisse">La Buisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Buissi%C3%A8re" title="La Buissière">La Buissière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burcin" title="Burcin">Burcin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessieu" title="Cessieu">Cessieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2bons" title="Châbons">Châbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalon,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Chalon, Isère">Chalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamagnieu" title="Chamagnieu">Chamagnieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagnier" title="Champagnier">Champagnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champier" title="Champier">Champier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Champ-pr%C3%A8s-Froges" title="Le Champ-près-Froges">Le Champ-près-Froges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ-sur-Drac" title="Champ-sur-Drac">Champ-sur-Drac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamrousse" title="Chamrousse">Chamrousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanas,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Chanas, Isère">Chanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantep%C3%A9rier" title="Chantepérier">Chantepérier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantesse" title="Chantesse">Chantesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapareillan" title="Chapareillan">Chapareillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-de-la-Tour" title="La Chapelle-de-la-Tour">La Chapelle-de-la-Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-de-Surieu" title="La Chapelle-de-Surieu">La Chapelle-de-Surieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-du-Bard" title="La Chapelle-du-Bard">La Chapelle-du-Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charancieu" title="Charancieu">Charancieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charantonnay" title="Charantonnay">Charantonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charavines" title="Charavines">Charavines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charette,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Charette, Isère">Charette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charn%C3%A8cles" title="Charnècles">Charnècles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvieu-Chavagneux" title="Charvieu-Chavagneux">Charvieu-Chavagneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasse-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Chasse-sur-Rhône">Chasse-sur-Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasselay,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Chasselay, Isère">Chasselay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chassignieu" title="Chassignieu">Chassignieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-Bernard" title="Château-Bernard">Château-Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauvilain" title="Châteauvilain">Châteauvilain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tel-en-Tri%C3%A8ves" title="Châtel-en-Trièves">Châtel-en-Trièves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telus,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Châtelus, Isère">Châtelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tenay,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Châtenay, Isère">Châtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tonnay" title="Châtonnay">Châtonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatte" title="Chatte">Chatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavanoz" title="Chavanoz">Chavanoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9lieu" title="Chélieu">Chélieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevri%C3%A8res,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Chevrières, Isère">Chevrières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Cheylas" title="Le Cheylas">Le Cheylas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyssieu" title="Cheyssieu">Cheyssieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A8zeneuve" title="Chèzeneuve">Chèzeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichilianne" title="Chichilianne">Chichilianne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimilin" title="Chimilin">Chimilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirens" title="Chirens">Chirens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholonge" title="Cholonge">Cholonge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonas-l%27Amballan" title="Chonas-l'Amballan">Chonas-l'Amballan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choranche" title="Choranche">Choranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chozeau" title="Chozeau">Chozeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzelles" title="Chuzelles">Chuzelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claix,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Claix, Isère">Claix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavans-en-Haut-Oisans" title="Clavans-en-Haut-Oisans">Clavans-en-Haut-Oisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clelles" title="Clelles">Clelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonas-sur-Var%C3%A8ze" title="Clonas-sur-Varèze">Clonas-sur-Varèze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognet,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Cognet, Isère">Cognet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognin-les-Gorges" title="Cognin-les-Gorges">Cognin-les-Gorges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombe,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Colombe, Isère">Colombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Combe-de-Lancey" title="La Combe-de-Lancey">La Combe-de-Lancey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbelin" title="Corbelin">Corbelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corenc" title="Corenc">Corenc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornillon-en-Tri%C3%A8ves" title="Cornillon-en-Trièves">Cornillon-en-Trièves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Corps, Isère">Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corren%C3%A7on-en-Vercors" title="Corrençon-en-Vercors">Corrençon-en-Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_C%C3%B4te-Saint-Andr%C3%A9" title="La Côte-Saint-André">La Côte-Saint-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_C%C3%B4tes-d%27Arey" title="Les Côtes-d'Arey">Les Côtes-d'Arey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_C%C3%B4tes-de-Corps" title="Les Côtes-de-Corps">Les Côtes-de-Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coublevie" title="Coublevie">Coublevie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cour-et-Buis" title="Cour-et-Buis">Cour-et-Buis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtenay,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Courtenay, Isère">Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crachier" title="Crachier">Crachier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cras,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Cras, Isère">Cras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9mieu" title="Crémieu">Crémieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AAts_en_Belledonne" title="Crêts en Belledonne">Crêts en Belledonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creys-M%C3%A9pieu" title="Creys-Mépieu">Creys-Mépieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crolles" title="Crolles">Crolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culin,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Culin, Isère">Culin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Deux_Alpes,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Les Deux Alpes, Isère">Les Deux Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A9moz" title="Diémoz">Diémoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizimieu" title="Dizimieu">Dizimieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doissin" title="Doissin">Doissin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolomieu,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Dolomieu, Isère">Dolomieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domarin" title="Domarin">Domarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%A8ne" title="Domène">Domène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chirolles" title="Échirolles">Échirolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclose-Badini%C3%A8res" title="Eclose-Badinières">Eclose-Badinières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engins" title="Engins">Engins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entraigues,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Entraigues, Isère">Entraigues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entre-deux-Guiers" title="Entre-deux-Guiers">Entre-deux-Guiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89parres" title="Les Éparres">Les Éparres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrablin" title="Estrablin">Estrablin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eybens" title="Eybens">Eybens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eydoche" title="Eydoche">Eydoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyzin-Pinet" title="Eyzin-Pinet">Eyzin-Pinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faramans,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Faramans, Isère">Faramans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faverges-de-la-Tour" title="Faverges-de-la-Tour">Faverges-de-la-Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Flach%C3%A8re" title="La Flachère">La Flachère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flach%C3%A8res" title="Flachères">Flachères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Fontaine, Isère">Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontanil-Cornillon" title="Fontanil-Cornillon">Fontanil-Cornillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Forteresse" title="La Forteresse">La Forteresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Four, Isère">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Freney-d%27Oisans" title="Le Freney-d'Oisans">Le Freney-d'Oisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Frette,_Is%C3%A8re" title="La Frette, Isère">La Frette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froges" title="Froges">Froges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontonas" title="Frontonas">Frontonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Garde,_Is%C3%A8re" title="La Garde, Isère">La Garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A8res" title="Gières">Gières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillonnay" title="Gillonnay">Gillonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goncelin" title="Goncelin">Goncelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Grand-Lemps" title="Le Grand-Lemps">Le Grand-Lemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granieu" title="Granieu">Granieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenay,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Grenay, Isère">Grenay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grenoble</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresse-en-Vercors" title="Gresse-en-Vercors">Gresse-en-Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Gua,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Le Gua, Isère">Le Gua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Haut-Br%C3%A9da" title="Le Haut-Bréda">Le Haut-Bréda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbeys" title="Herbeys">Herbeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyrieux" title="Heyrieux">Heyrieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%A8res-sur-Amby" title="Hières-sur-Amby">Hières-sur-Amby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huez" title="Huez">Huez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurti%C3%A8res" title="Hurtières">Hurtières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Isle-d%27Abeau" title="L'Isle-d'Abeau">L'Isle-d'Abeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izeaux" title="Izeaux">Izeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izeron" title="Izeron">Izeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janneyrias" title="Janneyrias">Janneyrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarcieu" title="Jarcieu">Jarcieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardin,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Jardin, Isère">Jardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarrie" title="Jarrie">Jarrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffrey" title="Laffrey">Laffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalley" title="Lalley">Lalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lans-en-Vercors" title="Lans-en-Vercors">Lans-en-Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavaldens" title="Lavaldens">Lavaldens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval-en-Belledonne" title="Laval-en-Belledonne">Laval-en-Belledonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavars" title="Lavars">Lavars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentiol" title="Lentiol">Lentiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyrieu" title="Leyrieu">Leyrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieudieu" title="Lieudieu">Lieudieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livet-et-Gavet" title="Livet-et-Gavet">Livet-et-Gavet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longechenal" title="Longechenal">Longechenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbin" title="Lumbin">Lumbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzinay" title="Luzinay">Luzinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malleval-en-Vercors" title="Malleval-en-Vercors">Malleval-en-Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcieu" title="Marcieu">Marcieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcilloles" title="Marcilloles">Marcilloles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcollin" title="Marcollin">Marcollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marnans" title="Marnans">Marnans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massieu" title="Massieu">Massieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maubec,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Maubec, Isère">Maubec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayres-Savel" title="Mayres-Savel">Mayres-Savel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mens,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Mens, Isère">Mens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlas" title="Merlas">Merlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meylan" title="Meylan">Meylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyri%C3%A9" title="Meyrié">Meyrié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyrieu-les-%C3%89tangs" title="Meyrieu-les-Étangs">Meyrieu-les-Étangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyssiez" title="Meyssiez">Meyssiez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miribel-Lanch%C3%A2tre" title="Miribel-Lanchâtre">Miribel-Lanchâtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miribel-les-%C3%89chelles" title="Miribel-les-Échelles">Miribel-les-Échelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo%C3%ABn" title="Mizoën">Mizoën</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moidieu-D%C3%A9tourbe" title="Moidieu-Détourbe">Moidieu-Détourbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moirans" title="Moirans">Moirans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moissieu-sur-Dolon" title="Moissieu-sur-Dolon">Moissieu-sur-Dolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monestier-d%27Ambel" title="Monestier-d'Ambel">Monestier-d'Ambel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monestier-de-Clermont" title="Monestier-de-Clermont">Monestier-de-Clermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monestier-du-Percy" title="Monestier-du-Percy">Monestier-du-Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsteroux-Milieu" title="Monsteroux-Milieu">Monsteroux-Milieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montagne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Montagne, Isère">Montagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montagnieu,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Montagnieu, Isère">Montagnieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montalieu-Vercieu" title="Montalieu-Vercieu">Montalieu-Vercieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montaud,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Montaud, Isère">Montaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montbonnot-Saint-Martin" title="Montbonnot-Saint-Martin">Montbonnot-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montcarra" title="Montcarra">Montcarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montchaboud" title="Montchaboud">Montchaboud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteynard" title="Monteynard">Monteynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfalcon" title="Montfalcon">Montfalcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montferrat,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Montferrat, Isère">Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrevel,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Montrevel, Isère">Montrevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Martin,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Mont-Saint-Martin, Isère">Mont-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montseveroux" title="Montseveroux">Montseveroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moras" title="Moras">Moras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morestel" title="Morestel">Morestel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morette" title="Morette">Morette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Morte" title="La Morte">La Morte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Motte-d%27Aveillans" title="La Motte-d'Aveillans">La Motte-d'Aveillans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Motte-Saint-Martin" title="La Motte-Saint-Martin">La Motte-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mottier" title="Mottier">Mottier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Moutaret" title="Le Moutaret">Le Moutaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mure" title="La Mure">La Mure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Murette" title="La Murette">La Murette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murianette" title="Murianette">Murianette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murinais" title="Murinais">Murinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes-en-Ratier" title="Nantes-en-Ratier">Nantes-en-Ratier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivolas-Vermelle" title="Nivolas-Vermelle">Nivolas-Vermelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Commiers" title="Notre-Dame-de-Commiers">Notre-Dame-de-Commiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-l%27Osier" title="Notre-Dame-de-l'Osier">Notre-Dame-de-l'Osier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-M%C3%A9sage" title="Notre-Dame-de-Mésage">Notre-Dame-de-Mésage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Vaulx" title="Notre-Dame-de-Vaulx">Notre-Dame-de-Vaulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyarey" title="Noyarey">Noyarey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optevoz" title="Optevoz">Optevoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oris-en-Rattier" title="Oris-en-Rattier">Oris-en-Rattier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornacieux-Balbins" title="Ornacieux-Balbins">Ornacieux-Balbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornon" title="Ornon">Ornon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulles" title="Oulles">Oulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyeu" title="Oyeu">Oyeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oytier-Saint-Oblas" title="Oytier-Saint-Oblas">Oytier-Saint-Oblas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oz,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Oz, Isère">Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Pact, Isère">Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajay" title="Pajay">Pajay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panossas" title="Panossas">Panossas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmilieu" title="Parmilieu">Parmilieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Passage,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Le Passage, Isère">Le Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_P%C3%A9age-de-Roussillon" title="Le Péage-de-Roussillon">Le Péage-de-Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellafol" title="Pellafol">Pellafol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penol" title="Penol">Penol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Percy" title="Le Percy">Le Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Pierre" title="La Pierre">La Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Ch%C3%A2tel" title="Pierre-Châtel">Pierre-Châtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisieu" title="Pisieu">Pisieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Plan, Isère">Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau-des-Petites-Roches" title="Plateau-des-Petites-Roches">Plateau-des-Petites-Roches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poisat" title="Poisat">Poisat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poli%C3%A9nas" title="Poliénas">Poliénas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommier-de-Beaurepaire" title="Pommier-de-Beaurepaire">Pommier-de-Beaurepaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponsonnas" title="Ponsonnas">Ponsonnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontcharra" title="Pontcharra">Pontcharra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pont-de-Beauvoisin,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin, Isère">Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-de-Ch%C3%A9ruy" title="Pont-de-Chéruy">Pont-de-Chéruy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pont-de-Claix" title="Le Pont-de-Claix">Le Pont-de-Claix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-en-Royans" title="Pont-en-Royans">Pont-en-Royans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Pont-Évêque">Pont-Évêque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcieu-Amblagnieu" title="Porcieu-Amblagnieu">Porcieu-Amblagnieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte-des-Bonnevaux" title="Porte-des-Bonnevaux">Porte-des-Bonnevaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9bois" title="Prébois">Prébois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presles,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Presles, Isère">Presles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressins" title="Pressins">Pressins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primarette" title="Primarette">Primarette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proveysieux" title="Proveysieux">Proveysieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruni%C3%A8res,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Prunières, Isère">Prunières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaix-en-Chartreuse" title="Quaix-en-Chartreuse">Quaix-en-Chartreuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quet-en-Beaumont" title="Quet-en-Beaumont">Quet-en-Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincieu" title="Quincieu">Quincieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9aumont" title="Réaumont">Réaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renage" title="Renage">Renage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rencurel" title="Rencurel">Rencurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revel,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Revel, Isère">Revel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revel-Tourdan" title="Revel-Tourdan">Revel-Tourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reventin-Vaugris" title="Reventin-Vaugris">Reventin-Vaugris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rives,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Rives, Isère">Rives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rivi%C3%A8re,_Is%C3%A8re" title="La Rivière, Isère">La Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Roche, Isère">Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Roches-de-Condrieu" title="Les Roches-de-Condrieu">Les Roches-de-Condrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochetoirin" title="Rochetoirin">Rochetoirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roissard" title="Roissard">Roissard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romagnieu" title="Romagnieu">Romagnieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roussillon,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Roussillon, Isère">Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovon" title="Rovon">Rovon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royas" title="Royas">Royas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roybon" title="Roybon">Roybon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy-Montceau" title="Ruy-Montceau">Ruy-Montceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sablons,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Sablons, Isère">Sablons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Agnin-sur-Bion" title="Saint-Agnin-sur-Bion">Saint-Agnin-sur-Bion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Alban-de-Roche" title="Saint-Alban-de-Roche">Saint-Alban-de-Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Alban-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Saint-Alban-du-Rhône">Saint-Alban-du-Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Albin-de-Vaulserre" title="Saint-Albin-de-Vaulserre">Saint-Albin-de-Vaulserre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-And%C3%A9ol,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Andéol, Isère">Saint-Andéol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-en-Royans" title="Saint-André-en-Royans">Saint-André-en-Royans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-le-Gaz" title="Saint-André-le-Gaz">Saint-André-le-Gaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Antoine_l%27Abbaye" title="Saint Antoine l'Abbaye">Saint Antoine l'Abbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Appolinard,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Appolinard, Isère">Saint-Appolinard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Arey" title="Saint-Arey">Saint-Arey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aupre" title="Saint-Aupre">Saint-Aupre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Barthélemy, Isère">Saint-Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy-de-S%C3%A9chilienne" title="Saint-Barthélemy-de-Séchilienne">Saint-Barthélemy-de-Séchilienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Baudille-de-la-Tour" title="Saint-Baudille-de-la-Tour">Saint-Baudille-de-la-Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Baudille-et-Pipet" title="Saint-Baudille-et-Pipet">Saint-Baudille-et-Pipet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Blaise-du-Buis" title="Saint-Blaise-du-Buis">Saint-Blaise-du-Buis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Bonnet-de-Chavagne" title="Saint-Bonnet-de-Chavagne">Saint-Bonnet-de-Chavagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Bueil" title="Saint-Bueil">Saint-Bueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cassien,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Cassien, Isère">Saint-Cassien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Chef" title="Saint-Chef">Saint-Chef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Christophe-en-Oisans" title="Saint-Christophe-en-Oisans">Saint-Christophe-en-Oisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Christophe-sur-Guiers" title="Saint-Christophe-sur-Guiers">Saint-Christophe-sur-Guiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Clair-de-la-Tour" title="Saint-Clair-de-la-Tour">Saint-Clair-de-la-Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Clair-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Saint-Clair-du-Rhône">Saint-Clair-du-Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Clair-sur-Galaure" title="Saint-Clair-sur-Galaure">Saint-Clair-sur-Galaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Didier-de-Bizonnes" title="Saint-Didier-de-Bizonnes">Saint-Didier-de-Bizonnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Didier-de-la-Tour" title="Saint-Didier-de-la-Tour">Saint-Didier-de-la-Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Agn%C3%A8s,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Sainte-Agnès, Isère">Sainte-Agnès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-sur-Gervonde" title="Sainte-Anne-sur-Gervonde">Sainte-Anne-sur-Gervonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Blandine,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Sainte-Blandine, Isère">Sainte-Blandine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89gr%C3%A8ve" title="Saint-Égrève">Saint-Égrève</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Luce,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Sainte-Luce, Isère">Sainte-Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie-d%27Alloix" title="Sainte-Marie-d'Alloix">Sainte-Marie-d'Alloix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie-du-Mont,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Sainte-Marie-du-Mont, Isère">Sainte-Marie-du-Mont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-de-Crossey" title="Saint-Étienne-de-Crossey">Saint-Étienne-de-Crossey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-de-Saint-Geoirs" title="Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs">Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Geoire-en-Valdaine" title="Saint-Geoire-en-Valdaine">Saint-Geoire-en-Valdaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Geoirs" title="Saint-Geoirs">Saint-Geoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-de-Commiers" title="Saint-Georges-de-Commiers">Saint-Georges-de-Commiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-d%27Esp%C3%A9ranche" title="Saint-Georges-d'Espéranche">Saint-Georges-d'Espéranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gervais,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Gervais, Isère">Saint-Gervais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Guillaume" title="Saint-Guillaume">Saint-Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-de-Brens" title="Saint-Hilaire-de-Brens">Saint-Hilaire-de-Brens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-de-la-C%C3%B4te" title="Saint-Hilaire-de-la-Côte">Saint-Hilaire-de-la-Côte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-du-Rosier" title="Saint-Hilaire-du-Rosier">Saint-Hilaire-du-Rosier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Honor%C3%A9,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Honoré, Isère">Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ismier" title="Saint-Ismier">Saint-Ismier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-d%27Avelanne" title="Saint-Jean-d'Avelanne">Saint-Jean-d'Avelanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Bournay" title="Saint-Jean-de-Bournay">Saint-Jean-de-Bournay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Moirans" title="Saint-Jean-de-Moirans">Saint-Jean-de-Moirans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Soudain" title="Saint-Jean-de-Soudain">Saint-Jean-de-Soudain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Vaulx" title="Saint-Jean-de-Vaulx">Saint-Jean-de-Vaulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-d%27H%C3%A9rans" title="Saint-Jean-d'Hérans">Saint-Jean-d'Hérans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-le-Vieux,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Jean-le-Vieux, Isère">Saint-Jean-le-Vieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Joseph-de-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Joseph-de-Rivière">Saint-Joseph-de-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-de-l%27Herms" title="Saint-Julien-de-l'Herms">Saint-Julien-de-l'Herms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Just-Chaleyssin" title="Saint-Just-Chaleyssin">Saint-Just-Chaleyssin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Just-de-Claix" title="Saint-Just-de-Claix">Saint-Just-de-Claix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Lattier" title="Saint-Lattier">Saint-Lattier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Pont" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Pont">Saint-Laurent-du-Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-en-Beaumont" title="Saint-Laurent-en-Beaumont">Saint-Laurent-en-Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Marcel-Bel-Accueil" title="Saint-Marcel-Bel-Accueil">Saint-Marcel-Bel-Accueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Marcellin,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Marcellin, Isère">Saint-Marcellin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Clelles" title="Saint-Martin-de-Clelles">Saint-Martin-de-Clelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-la-Cluze" title="Saint-Martin-de-la-Cluze">Saint-Martin-de-la-Cluze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Vaulserre" title="Saint-Martin-de-Vaulserre">Saint-Martin-de-Vaulserre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27H%C3%A8res" title="Saint-Martin-d'Hères">Saint-Martin-d'Hères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Uriage" title="Saint-Martin-d'Uriage">Saint-Martin-d'Uriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-le-Vinoux" title="Saint-Martin-le-Vinoux">Saint-Martin-le-Vinoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice-en-Tri%C3%A8ves" title="Saint-Maurice-en-Trièves">Saint-Maurice-en-Trièves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice-l%27Exil" title="Saint-Maurice-l'Exil">Saint-Maurice-l'Exil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maximin,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Maximin, Isère">Saint-Maximin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel-de-Saint-Geoirs" title="Saint-Michel-de-Saint-Geoirs">Saint-Michel-de-Saint-Geoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel-en-Beaumont" title="Saint-Michel-en-Beaumont">Saint-Michel-en-Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel-les-Portes" title="Saint-Michel-les-Portes">Saint-Michel-les-Portes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mury-Monteymond" title="Saint-Mury-Monteymond">Saint-Mury-Monteymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire-les-Eymes" title="Saint-Nazaire-les-Eymes">Saint-Nazaire-les-Eymes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-de-Macherin" title="Saint-Nicolas-de-Macherin">Saint-Nicolas-de-Macherin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nizier-du-Moucherotte" title="Saint-Nizier-du-Moucherotte">Saint-Nizier-du-Moucherotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ondras" title="Saint-Ondras">Saint-Ondras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-de-Varces" title="Saint-Paul-de-Varces">Saint-Paul-de-Varces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-d%27Izeaux" title="Saint-Paul-d'Izeaux">Saint-Paul-d'Izeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-l%C3%A8s-Monestier" title="Saint-Paul-lès-Monestier">Saint-Paul-lès-Monestier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Bressieux" title="Saint-Pierre-de-Bressieux">Saint-Pierre-de-Bressieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse" title="Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse">Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Ch%C3%A9rennes" title="Saint-Pierre-de-Chérennes">Saint-Pierre-de-Chérennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-M%C3%A9aroz" title="Saint-Pierre-de-Méaroz">Saint-Pierre-de-Méaroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-M%C3%A9sage" title="Saint-Pierre-de-Mésage">Saint-Pierre-de-Mésage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-d%27Entremont,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Pierre-d'Entremont, Isère">Saint-Pierre-d'Entremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Prim" title="Saint-Prim">Saint-Prim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier" title="Saint-Quentin-Fallavier">Saint-Quentin-Fallavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-sur-Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Quentin-sur-Isère">Saint-Quentin-sur-Isère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas" title="Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas">Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Romain-de-Surieu" title="Saint-Romain-de-Surieu">Saint-Romain-de-Surieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Romans" title="Saint-Romans">Saint-Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Sauveur, Isère">Saint-Sauveur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Savin,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Savin, Isère">Saint-Savin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sim%C3%A9on-de-Bressieux" title="Saint-Siméon-de-Bressieux">Saint-Siméon-de-Bressieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sorlin-de-Morestel" title="Saint-Sorlin-de-Morestel">Saint-Sorlin-de-Morestel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sorlin-de-Vienne" title="Saint-Sorlin-de-Vienne">Saint-Sorlin-de-Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice-des-Rivoires" title="Saint-Sulpice-des-Rivoires">Saint-Sulpice-des-Rivoires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Th%C3%A9offrey" title="Saint-Théoffrey">Saint-Théoffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-V%C3%A9rand,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Vérand, Isère">Saint-Vérand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Victor-de-Cessieu" title="Saint-Victor-de-Cessieu">Saint-Victor-de-Cessieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Victor-de-Morestel" title="Saint-Victor-de-Morestel">Saint-Victor-de-Morestel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vincent-de-Mercuze" title="Saint-Vincent-de-Mercuze">Saint-Vincent-de-Mercuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salagnon" title="Salagnon">Salagnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaise-sur-Sanne" title="Salaise-sur-Sanne">Salaise-sur-Sanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salette-Fallavaux" title="La Salette-Fallavaux">La Salette-Fallavaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle-en-Beaumont" title="La Salle-en-Beaumont">La Salle-en-Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Sappey-en-Chartreuse" title="Le Sappey-en-Chartreuse">Le Sappey-en-Chartreuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcenas" title="Sarcenas">Sarcenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardieu" title="Sardieu">Sardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassenage" title="Sassenage">Sassenage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satolas-et-Bonce" title="Satolas-et-Bonce">Satolas-et-Bonce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savas-M%C3%A9pin" title="Savas-Mépin">Savas-Mépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9chilienne" title="Séchilienne">Séchilienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept%C3%A8me" title="Septème">Septème</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9r%C3%A9zin-de-la-Tour" title="Sérézin-de-la-Tour">Sérézin-de-la-Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serm%C3%A9rieu" title="Sermérieu">Sermérieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpaize" title="Serpaize">Serpaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serre-Nerpol" title="Serre-Nerpol">Serre-Nerpol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyssinet-Pariset" title="Seyssinet-Pariset">Seyssinet-Pariset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyssins" title="Seyssins">Seyssins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyssuel" title="Seyssuel">Seyssuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siccieu-Saint-Julien-et-Carisieu" title="Siccieu-Saint-Julien-et-Carisieu">Siccieu-Saint-Julien-et-Carisieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A9voz" title="Siévoz">Siévoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillans" title="Sillans">Sillans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinard" title="Sinard">Sinard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soleymieu" title="Soleymieu">Soleymieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_S%C3%B4ne" title="La Sône">La Sône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonnay" title="Sonnay">Sonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sousville" title="Sousville">Sousville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succieu" title="Succieu">Succieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Sure_en_Chartreuse" title="La Sure en Chartreuse">La Sure en Chartreuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susville" title="Susville">Susville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAche" title="Têche">Têche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencin" title="Tencin">Tencin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Terrasse" title="La Terrasse">La Terrasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theys" title="Theys">Theys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thodure" title="Thodure">Thodure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tignieu-Jameyzieu" title="Tignieu-Jameyzieu">Tignieu-Jameyzieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torchefelon" title="Torchefelon">Torchefelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Tour-du-Pin" title="La Tour-du-Pin">La Tour-du-Pin</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Touvet" title="Le Touvet">Le Touvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramol%C3%A9" title="Tramolé">Tramolé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treffort" title="Treffort">Treffort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9minis" title="Tréminis">Tréminis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trept" title="Trept">Trept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Tronche" title="La Tronche">La Tronche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullins" title="Tullins">Tullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valbonnais" title="Valbonnais">Valbonnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-de-Virieu" title="Val-de-Virieu">Val-de-Virieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencin" title="Valencin">Valencin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencogne" title="Valencogne">Valencogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Valette" title="La Valette">La Valette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valjouffrey" title="Valjouffrey">Valjouffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varacieux" title="Varacieux">Varacieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varces-Alli%C3%A8res-et-Risset" title="Varces-Allières-et-Risset">Varces-Allières-et-Risset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasselin" title="Vasselin">Vasselin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatilieu" title="Vatilieu">Vatilieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaujany" title="Vaujany">Vaujany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaulnaveys-le-Bas" title="Vaulnaveys-le-Bas">Vaulnaveys-le-Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaulnaveys-le-Haut" title="Vaulnaveys-le-Haut">Vaulnaveys-le-Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaulx-Milieu" title="Vaulx-Milieu">Vaulx-Milieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velanne" title="Velanne">Velanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9n%C3%A9rieu" title="Vénérieu">Vénérieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venon,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Venon, Isère">Venon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernas" title="Vernas">Vernas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernioz" title="Vernioz">Vernioz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Verpilli%C3%A8re" title="La Verpillière">La Verpillière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Versoud" title="Le Versoud">Le Versoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertrieu" title="Vertrieu">Vertrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veurey-Voroize" title="Veurey-Voroize">Veurey-Voroize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veyssilieu" title="Veyssilieu">Veyssilieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9zeronce-Curtin" title="Vézeronce-Curtin">Vézeronce-Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vif,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vif, Isère">Vif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignieu" title="Vignieu">Vignieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villages_du_Lac_de_Paladru" title="Villages du Lac de Paladru">Villages du Lac de Paladru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villard-Bonnot" title="Villard-Bonnot">Villard-Bonnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villard-de-Lans" title="Villard-de-Lans">Villard-de-Lans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villard-Notre-Dame" title="Villard-Notre-Dame">Villard-Notre-Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villard-Reculas" title="Villard-Reculas">Villard-Reculas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villard-Reymond" title="Villard-Reymond">Villard-Reymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villard-Saint-Christophe" title="Villard-Saint-Christophe">Villard-Saint-Christophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villefontaine" title="Villefontaine">Villefontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villemoirieu" title="Villemoirieu">Villemoirieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-de-Marc" title="Villeneuve-de-Marc">Villeneuve-de-Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ville-sous-Anjou" title="Ville-sous-Anjou">Ville-sous-Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villette-d%27Anthon" title="Villette-d'Anthon">Villette-d'Anthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villette-de-Vienne" title="Villette-de-Vienne">Villette-de-Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinay,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vinay, Isère">Vinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viriville" title="Viriville">Viriville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizille" title="Vizille">Vizille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiron" title="Voiron">Voiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voissant" title="Voissant">Voissant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voreppe" title="Voreppe">Voreppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vourey" title="Vourey">Vourey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000460384958">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/265376682">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmTkgm48VqkyFdk4KdxXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4021985-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79091186">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119342062">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119342062">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grenoble (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0028761&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550347405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2ce155f8-0523-420c-82f8-0d80992f2a6e">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026533316">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/007357">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045005">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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