CINXE.COM
Sciences de la Terre · Frontiers for Young Minds
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La Terre est notre maison mais aussi la source de tout ce dont nous avons besoin pour vivre. Face à l'un des plus grands défis de l'histoire de l'humanité, notre survie dépend d'une meilleure compréhension de la Terre et du développement de nouvelles manières d'utiliser ses ressources de manière plus efficace et responsable. La science peut nous aider à trouver des solutions.<br></br>Cette section de <i>Frontiers for Young Minds</i> contient des articles qui expliquent comment fonctionne la Terre, et comprend des domaines tels que les sciences de la Terre, la science marine, la science du climat et la science environnementale. Elle se penche aussi sur les domaines qui étudient la manière dont on utilise les ressources de la Terre, par exemple la science agricole, l'ingénierie environnementale et durable, les énergies, notamment renouvelables, la chimie verte, les matériaux innovants et le développement durable. Un bon nombre de ces domaines s'appuient sur la chimie, la physique ou l'ingénierie, ou y sont étroitement liés. C'est pourquoi tu trouveras aussi dans cette section les découvertes de chercheurs qui travaillent sur ces sujets.<br></br>Les <i>sciences de la Terre</i> visent à partager les résultats des recherches les plus récentes et pertinentes avec les nouvelles générations qui peupleront la planète et continueront à utiliser ses ressources et à étudier les questions planétaires actuelles et futures."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico?v=2" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Frontiers for Young Minds"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://kids.frontiersin.org/fr/sections/earth-sciences"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Frontiers for Young Minds"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Frontiers for Young Minds est une revue scientifique en libre accès rédigée par des scientifiques et éditée par un comité d'enfants et d'adolescents."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://kids.frontiersin.org/images/young-minds-sharing-v2.png"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="607820645"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@FrontYoungMinds"> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="kids.frontiersin.org"> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://kids.frontiersin.org/fr/sections/earth-sciences"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Frontiers for Young Minds"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Frontiers for Young Minds est une revue scientifique en libre accès rédigée par des scientifiques et éditée par un comité d'enfants et d'adolescents."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://kids.frontiersin.org/images/young-minds-sharing-v2.png"> <link href="https://9d0dd7a648345f19af83-877d2ecaf11b88d5e17327c758e17ef6.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/museo-sans-1.0.1/css/museo-sans.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/css?v=AxJH-3M9DocnXwy4W-2xQE2kvdTgVHLOfyrnqzO2dtg1" rel="stylesheet"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> </head> <body class="no-animation fr"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript> <iframe src="https://tag-manager.frontiersin.org/ns.html?id=GTM-NJ6NGCC>m_auth=_ZHCAU7yA6V3fENCBylzQg>m_preview=env-2>m_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display: none; 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La Terre est notre maison mais aussi la source de tout ce dont nous avons besoin pour vivre. Face à l'un des plus grands défis de l'histoire de l'humanité, notre survie dépend d'une meilleure compréhension de la Terre et du développement de nouvelles manières d'utiliser ses ressources de manière plus efficace et responsable. La science peut nous aider à trouver des solutions.<br></br>Cette section de <i>Frontiers for Young Minds</i> contient des articles qui expliquent comment fonctionne la Terre, et comprend des domaines tels que les sciences de la Terre, la science marine, la science du climat et la science environnementale. Elle se penche aussi sur les domaines qui étudient la manière dont on utilise les ressources de la Terre, par exemple la science agricole, l'ingénierie environnementale et durable, les énergies, notamment renouvelables, la chimie verte, les matériaux innovants et le développement durable. Un bon nombre de ces domaines s'appuient sur la chimie, la physique ou l'ingénierie, ou y sont étroitement liés. C'est pourquoi tu trouveras aussi dans cette section les découvertes de chercheurs qui travaillent sur ces sujets.<br></br>Les <i>sciences de la Terre</i> visent à partager les résultats des recherches les plus récentes et pertinentes avec les nouvelles générations qui peupleront la planète et continueront à utiliser ses ressources et à étudier les questions planétaires actuelles et futures. </p> </div> <section> <div class="spacing-large"> <h2 class="heading heading-medium">Comité éditorial</h2> </div> <div class="spacing-giant"> <h3 class="heading heading-small-color">Éditeurs en chef spécialisés</h3> <div class="slider"> <div class="editors-container"> <a class="editor" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2826167" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/2826167/240" alt="Ana Matias"> </div> <div class="editor-name">Ana Matias</div> <div class="editor-affiliation">CIMA - Center for Marine and Environmental Research - University of Algarve, Portugal</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="spacing-giant"> <h3 class="heading heading-small-color">Éditeurs adjoints</h3> <div class="slider"> <div class="editors-container"> <a class="editor" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/93914" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/93914/240" alt="Leonardo Fraceto"> </div> <div class="editor-name">Leonardo Fraceto</div> <div class="editor-affiliation">São Paulo State University, Brazil</div> </a> <a class="editor" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/246492" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/246492/240" alt="Dominik Großkinsky"> </div> <div class="editor-name">Dominik Großkinsky</div> <div class="editor-affiliation">Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Austria</div> </a> <a class="editor" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/459632" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/459632/240" alt="Suhas Kumar"> </div> <div class="editor-name">Suhas Kumar</div> <div class="editor-affiliation">Hewlett-Packard (United States), United States</div> </a> <a class="editor" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/566413" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/566413/240" alt="Melissa Mageroy"> </div> <div class="editor-name">Melissa Mageroy</div> <div class="editor-affiliation">Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Norway</div> </a> <a class="editor" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/492765" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/492765/240" alt="Kamaljit Moirangthem"> </div> <div class="editor-name">Kamaljit Moirangthem</div> <div class="editor-affiliation">Nofima - The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Norway</div> </a> <a class="editor" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/134552" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/134552/240" alt="Antonio Olita"> </div> <div class="editor-name">Antonio Olita</div> <div class="editor-affiliation">Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Department of Earth System Sciences and Technologies for the Environment, National Research Council (CNR), Italy</div> </a> <a class="editor" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/729885" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/729885/240" alt="Noemie Ott"> </div> <div class="editor-name">Noemie Ott</div> <div class="editor-affiliation">OST - Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland</div> </a> <a class="editor" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1565031" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1565031/240" alt="Renato Somma"> </div> <div class="editor-name">Renato Somma</div> <div class="editor-affiliation">INGV, Naples Italy, Italy</div> </a> <a class="editor" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/47531" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/47531/240" alt="Gianpiero Vigani"> </div> <div class="editor-name">Gianpiero Vigani</div> <div class="editor-affiliation">Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, School of Nature Sciences, University of Turin, Italy</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="spacing-huge" data-editable data-label-code="Mentors" data-style-code="SpecialtyContent"> <h3 class="heading heading-small-color">Mentors scientifiques</h3> <p>Nous remercions toute l'équipe de nos mentors scientifiques pour leur engagement continu auprès de la revue.</p> <p>Leur contribution et leur appui dans le cadre du processus d'édition permettent aux jeunes examinateurs de comprendre l'importance de leur rôle et de se sentir intégrés à la communauté scientifique.</p> </div> <div class="spacing-giant"> <div class="mentors-container"> <a class="mentor tooltip-target" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2313579" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/2313579/240" alt="Bayan Abukatish"> </div> <div class="tooltip fade"> <div class="tooltip-arrow"></div> <div class="tooltip-content"> Bayan Abukatish </div> </div> </a> <a class="mentor tooltip-target" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1050689" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1050689/240" alt="Alejandro Acevedo-Gutierrez"> </div> <div class="tooltip fade"> <div class="tooltip-arrow"></div> <div class="tooltip-content"> Alejandro Acevedo-Gutierrez </div> </div> </a> <a class="mentor tooltip-target" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/368564" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/368564/240" alt="Julius Adewopo"> </div> <div class="tooltip fade"> <div class="tooltip-arrow"></div> <div class="tooltip-content"> Julius Adewopo </div> </div> </a> <a class="mentor tooltip-target" href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1665888" target="_blank" data-event=""> <div class="image-container"> <img class="image" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1665888/240" alt="Balaji Aglave"> </div> <div class="tooltip fade"> <div class="tooltip-arrow"></div> <div class="tooltip-content"> Balaji Aglave </div> </div> </a> <a 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