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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Pensiero</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pensiero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filosofia_teorica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofia_teorica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Filosofia teorica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosofia_teorica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosofia_pratica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofia_pratica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Filosofia pratica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosofia_pratica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_opere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_opere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Le opere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_opere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Christian Wolff</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 50 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81)" title="كرستيان فولف (فيلسوف) - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرستيان فولف (فيلسوف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="كرستيان فولف - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كرستيان فولف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristian_Volf" title="Xristian Volf - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xristian Volf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="کریستیان ولف - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کریستیان ولف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Хрысціян Вольф - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хрысціян Вольф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Кристиан Волф - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кристиан Волф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(filosof)" title="Christian Wolff (filosof) - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Christian Wolff (filosof)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(Aufkl%C3%A4rer)" title="Christian Wolff (Aufklärer) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christian Wolff (Aufklärer)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%86" title="Κρίστιαν Βολφ - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρίστιαν Βολφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(philosopher)" title="Christian Wolff (philosopher) - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Christian Wolff (philosopher)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(filozofo)" title="Christian Wolff (filozofo) - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Christian Wolff (filozofo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="کریستیان ولف - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کریستیان ولف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(philosophe)" title="Christian Wolff (philosophe) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christian Wolff (philosophe)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A3_(%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A3)" title="כריסטיאן וולף (פילוסוף) - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כריסטיאן וולף (פילוסוף)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%86" title="Քրիստիան Վոլֆ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրիստիան Վոլֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95" title="クリスティアン・ヴォルフ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリスティアン・ヴォルフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ქრისტიან ვოლფი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქრისტიან ვოლფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%88_%EB%B3%BC%ED%94%84" title="크리스티안 볼프 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크리스티안 볼프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вольф Христиан - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вольф Христиан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianus_Wolffius" title="Christianus Wolffius - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christianus Wolffius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi%C4%81ns_Volfs" title="Kristiāns Volfs - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kristiāns Volfs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(Gelehrten)" title="Christian Wolff (Gelehrten) - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Christian Wolff (Gelehrten)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(filosoof)" title="Christian Wolff (filosoof) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christian Wolff (filosoof)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_von_Wolff" title="Christian von Wolff - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Christian von Wolff" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(filosof)" title="Christian Wolff (filosof) - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Christian Wolff (filosof)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(Filos%C3%B2f)" title="Christian Wolff (Filosòf) - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Christian Wolff (Filosòf)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(filozof)" title="Christian Wolff (filozof) - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Christian Wolff (filozof)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84,_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вольф, Христиан фон - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вольф, Христиан фон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(filozof)" title="Christian Wolff (filozof) - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Christian Wolff (filozof)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84)" title="Кристијан Волф (филозоф) - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кристијан Волф (филозоф)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_von_Wolff" title="Christian von Wolff - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Christian von Wolff" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Христиан фон Волф - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Христиан фон Волф" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" title="Christian Wolff - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Christian Wolff" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Christian Wolff (disambigua)">Christian Wolff (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_Wolff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Christian_Wolff.jpg/220px-Christian_Wolff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Christian_Wolff.jpg/330px-Christian_Wolff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Christian_Wolff.jpg/440px-Christian_Wolff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Christian Wolff</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Christian Wolff</b> (<a href="/wiki/Breslavia" title="Breslavia">Breslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/24_gennaio" title="24 gennaio">24 gennaio</a> <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a> – <a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle sul Saale</a>, <a href="/wiki/9_aprile" title="9 aprile">9 aprile</a> <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Filosofo" title="Filosofo">filosofo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Giurista" title="Giurista">giurista</a> <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">tedesco</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wolff fu il più eminente filosofo tedesco nel periodo tra <a href="/wiki/Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibniz">Leibniz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kant">Kant</a>. La sua opera riguarda praticamente ogni aspetto della dottrina filosofica del suo tempo, esposta e spiegata con il suo metodo matematico dimostrativo-deduttivo che probabilmente rappresenta il picco della razionalità <a href="/wiki/Illuminismo" title="Illuminismo">illuministica</a> in Germania. </p><p>Wolff introdusse il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_tedesca" title="Lingua tedesca">tedesco</a> come lingua scolastica e di ricerca, sebbene scrivesse spesso anche in latino, allo scopo di essere letto e compreso dagli studiosi internazionali. </p><p>Fu padre fondatore, tra l'altro, dell'<a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economia</a> e della <a href="/wiki/Pubblica_amministrazione" title="Pubblica amministrazione">pubblica amministrazione</a> come discipline accademiche. In questi due campi ebbe particolare interesse, fornendo suggerimenti su argomenti pratici come il <a href="/wiki/Governo" title="Governo">governo</a> e sostenendo la natura professionale dell'istruzione universitaria. Sebbene fosse sostanzialmente un pensatore dell'Europa continentale, sia per la forma che per i contenuti, si dice che la sua opera abbia avuto un forte impatto sulla <a href="/wiki/Dichiarazione_di_indipendenza_americana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dichiarazione di indipendenza americana">Dichiarazione di indipendenza americana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pensiero">Pensiero</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Pensiero" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Pensiero"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il pensiero di Wolff si caratterizza per essere una sorta di sintesi del pensiero filosofico del tempo, sistematizzato e razionalizzato in un'ottica prevalentemente <a href="/wiki/Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibniz">leibniziana</a>. </p><p>Secondo Wolff la filosofia è scienza, intesa come scienza del possibile: ma possibile è solo ciò che è pensabile, e ogni verità di fatto, seguendo la distinzione di <a href="/wiki/Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibniz">Leibniz</a>, va ricondotta entro le verità di ragione. Preliminare a questa operazione è la fondazione di una <a href="/wiki/Logica" title="Logica">logica</a> rigorosa, la quale deve essere basata sul principio di non contraddizione e sul sillogismo, come metodo rigoroso e deduttivo. Rispetto a questa fondazione logica, la filosofia si divide in teorica e pratica. Tra i suoi seguaci, il filosofo e matematico <a href="/wiki/Johann_Nicolaus_Frobes" title="Johann Nicolaus Frobes">Johann Nicolaus Frobes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filosofia_teorica">Filosofia teorica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Filosofia teorica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Filosofia teorica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La filosofia teorica è costituita anzitutto dall'<a href="/wiki/Ontologia" title="Ontologia">ontologia</a> come <a href="/wiki/Metafisica" title="Metafisica">metafisica</a> generale, che per Wolff coincide con quella di <a href="/wiki/Aristotele" title="Aristotele">Aristotele</a> e della <a href="/wiki/Scolastica_(filosofia)" title="Scolastica (filosofia)">Scolastica</a>. Essa si pone come preliminare rispetto alla distinzione delle tre <a href="/wiki/Metafisiche_speciali" class="mw-redirect" title="Metafisiche speciali">metafisiche speciali</a> su <a href="/wiki/Anima" title="Anima">anima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mondo" title="Mondo">mondo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Dio" title="Dio">Dio</a>: <a href="/wiki/Psicologia" title="Psicologia">psicologia</a> razionale, <a href="/wiki/Cosmologia_(filosofia)" title="Cosmologia (filosofia)">cosmologia</a> razionale e <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologia</a> razionale.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le tre scienze sono dette razionali in quanto né <a href="/wiki/Empirismo" title="Empirismo">empiriche</a> né dipendenti dalla <a href="/wiki/Rivelazione" title="Rivelazione">rivelazione</a>. </p><p>Riprendendo la <a href="/wiki/Monadologia" title="Monadologia">monadologia</a> di Leibniz, Wolff interpreta il mondo come un orologio automatico impostato in modo definitivo e irrevocabile, all'atto della creazione, da Dio, in base al criterio della necessità che determina in modo permanente la relazione fra le monadi. Secondo questa necessità, ossia l'<a href="/wiki/Armonia_prestabilita" title="Armonia prestabilita">armonia prestabilita</a> proposta da Leibniz, si svolge anche la relazione fra anima e corpo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filosofia_pratica">Filosofia pratica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Filosofia pratica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Filosofia pratica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quanto poi alla filosofia pratica, Wolff fonda la sua <a href="/wiki/Etica" title="Etica">etica</a> sull'<a href="/wiki/Intellettualismo#Intellettualismo_etico" title="Intellettualismo">intellettualismo socratico</a>: la volontà non può volere che il bene, laddove lo conosce, e ideale morale è quello della perfezione. </p><p>In ambito economico, Wolff contestò il <a href="/wiki/Liberismo" title="Liberismo">liberismo</a> e propugnò l'intervento dello stato secondo un'ottica di <a href="/wiki/Dispotismo_illuminato" title="Dispotismo illuminato">dispotismo illuminato</a>. </p><p>Nella <i><a href="/wiki/Critica_della_ragion_pratica" title="Critica della ragion pratica">Critica della ragion pratica</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Kant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kant">Kant</a> criticò l'etica wolfiana della perfezione, osservando che la perfezione non può essere il principio della moralità perché essa si può definire solo con abilità per seguire certi scopi estrinseci ed esterni all'uomo, che non può conoscerli come <a href="/wiki/Noumeno" title="Noumeno">cosa-in-sé</a>. Inoltre, la perfezione è un <a href="/wiki/Concetto" title="Concetto">concetto</a> vuoto perché nessuno sa cosa sia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Le_opere">Le opere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Le opere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Le opere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolff,_Christian_%E2%80%93_Elementa_matheseos_universae,_1746_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12789623.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wolff%2C_Christian_%E2%80%93_Elementa_matheseos_universae%2C_1746_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12789623.jpg/220px-Wolff%2C_Christian_%E2%80%93_Elementa_matheseos_universae%2C_1746_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12789623.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wolff%2C_Christian_%E2%80%93_Elementa_matheseos_universae%2C_1746_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12789623.jpg/330px-Wolff%2C_Christian_%E2%80%93_Elementa_matheseos_universae%2C_1746_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12789623.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wolff%2C_Christian_%E2%80%93_Elementa_matheseos_universae%2C_1746_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12789623.jpg/440px-Wolff%2C_Christian_%E2%80%93_Elementa_matheseos_universae%2C_1746_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12789623.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption><i>Elementa matheseos universae</i>, 1746</figcaption></figure> <p>Le più importanti opere di Wolff sono le seguenti: </p> <ul><li><i>Anfangsgründe aller mathematischen Wissenschaften</i> (1710; in latino, <i>Elementa matheseos universæ</i>, 1713 - 1715).</li> <li><i>Vernünftige Gedanken von den Kräften des menschlichen Verstandes</i> (1712).</li> <li><i>Vern. Ged. von Gott, der Welt und der Seele des Menschen, auch allen Dingen überhaupt</i> (1719).</li> <li><i>Vern. Ged. von der Menschen Thun und Lassen</i> (1720).</li> <li><i>Vern. Ged. von dem gesellschaftlichen Leben der Menschen</i> (1721).</li> <li><i>Vern. Ged. von den Wirkungen der Natur</i> (1723).</li> <li><i>Vern. Ged. von den Absichten der natürlichen Dinge</i> (1724).</li> <li><i>Vern. Ged. von dem Gebrauche der Theile in Menschen, Thieren und Pflanzen</i> (1725); gli ultimi sette possono essere considerati dei trattati di <a href="/wiki/Logica" title="Logica">logica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metafisica" title="Metafisica">metafisica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_morale" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofia morale">filosofia morale</a>, filosofia politica, fisica teorica, <a href="/wiki/Teleologia" title="Teleologia">teleologia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisiologia" title="Fisiologia">fisiologia</a>.</li> <li><i>Philosophia rationalis, sive Logica</i> (1728).</li> <li><i>Philosophia prima, sive Ontologia</i> (1730).</li> <li><i>Cosmologia generalis</i> (1731).</li> <li><i>Psychologia empirica</i> (1732).</li> <li><i>Psychologia rationalis</i> (1734).</li> <li><i>Theologia naturalis</i> (1736 - 1737, 2 tomi).</li> <li><i>Kleine philosophische Schriften</i>, raccolti e curati da G. F. Hagen (1736 - 1740).</li> <li><i>Philosophia practica universalis</i> (1738 - 1739, 2 tomi).</li> <li><i>Jus naturæ</i> (1740 - 1748, 8 tomi).</li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="latino">LA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=12789623"><span style="font-style:italic;">Elementa matheseos universae</span></a>, vol. 2, Verona, Dionigi Ramanzini, 1746.</cite> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="latino">LA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=12790886"><span style="font-style:italic;">Elementa matheseos universae</span></a>, vol. 3, Verona, Dionigi Ramanzini, 1746.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="latino">LA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=12792845"><span style="font-style:italic;">Elementa matheseos universae</span></a>, vol. 4, Verona, Dionigi Ramanzini, 1751.</cite></li></ul></li> <li><i>Jus gentium</i> (1749).</li> <li><i>Institutiones juris naturæ et gentium</i> (1750).</li> <li><i>Philosophia moralis, sive Ethica</i> (1750 - 1753, 5 tomi).</li></ul> <ul><li>Le tre più antiche biografie di Wolff (di <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Christian_Baumeister" title="Friedrich Christian Baumeister">Friedrich Christian Baumeister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Gottsched" title="Johann Christoph Gottsched">Johann Christoph Gottsched</a> ed Heinrich Wuttke) sono state ristampate a cura di Hans Werner Arndt, <i>Christian Wolff. Biographie</i>, Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 1980.</li></ul> <p>Le opere complete sono state pubblicate dal 1962 in una ristampa annotata: </p> <ul><li><i>Gesammelte Werke</i>, Jean École et al. (eds.), 3 serie (tedesco, latino e materiali), Hildesheim-[Zürich-]New York: Olms, 1962-.</li></ul> <p>Un'edizione moderna del famoso discorso (<i>Halle speech</i>) sulla filosofia cinese è: </p> <ul><li><i>Oratio de Sinarum philosophia practica / Rede über die praktische Philosophie der Chinesen</i>, Michael Albrecht (ed.), Hamburg: Meiner, 1985.</li> <li>A queste si devono aggiungere, con testo a fronte in Italiano:</li> <li><i>Metafisica tedesca con annotazioni alla Metafisica tedesca,</i> Milano, Bompiani 2006.</li> <li><i>Logica Tedesca,</i> Milano, Bompiani, 2011.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.simone.it/newdiz/newdiz.php?action=view&dizionario=10&id=134"><i>Dizionari Edizioni Simone</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041656/https://www.simone.it/newdiz/newdiz.php?action=view&dizionario=10&id=134">Archiviato</a> il 1º dicembre 2017 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.it/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=%22metafisiche+speciali%22+Wolff&btnG=Cerca+nei+libri"><i>ricorrenze</i></a> in Google Libri.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Berti" title="Enrico Berti">Enrico Berti</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=AmeMGQAACAAJ">Introduzione alla metafisica</a></i>, Torino, Utet, 1993. Nuova ed.: 2007. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8860081084" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-6008-108-4</a>; <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788860081087" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-88-6008-108-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Nello scritto precritico <i>Uber die Deutlichkeit der Grundsatze der naturlichen Théologie und der Moral</i> e <i>Critica della ragion pratico</i>, trad. Gargiulo, p. 49. Cfr. <a href="/wiki/Sofia_Vanni_Rovighi" title="Sofia Vanni Rovighi">Sofia Vanni Rovighi</a>, <i>Elementi di Filosofia</i>, 3. La Natura e l'Uomo, Biblioteca [n. 6], Scholé, 2022, p. 204</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gerhard Biller, <i>Wolff nach Kant: eine Bibliographie</i>, Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 2004.</li> <li>Mariano Campo, <i>Cristiano Wolff e il razionalismo precritico</i>, 2 vol., Milano, 1939.</li> <li>Jean École, <i>La métaphysique de Christian Wolff</i>, Hildesheim, Georg Olms, (due volumi), 1990.</li> <li>Matteo Favaretti Camposampiero, <i>Conoscenza simbolica. Pensiero e linguaggio in Christian Wolff e nella prima età moderna</i>, Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 2009.</li> <li>Nicolao Merker, <i>Wolff e la metodologia del razionalismo</i>, in <i>Rivista critica di Storia della Filosofia</i> (1967), 271-293.</li> <li>Sofia Vanni Rovighi, <i>L'ontologismo critico di Wolff</i>, Milano, 1941.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stadtmuseum_Halle" title="Stadtmuseum Halle">Casa di Christian Wolff</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Autore:Christian_Wolff" class="extiw" title="s:Autore:Christian Wolff">Wikisource</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/de:Christian_Wolff" class="extiw" title="s:de:Christian Wolff">Wikisource</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" class="extiw" title="q:Christian Wolff">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Christian Wolff"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christian_Wolff?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikisource"><img alt="Collabora a Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a> contiene una pagina dedicata a <b><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Autore:Christian_Wolff" class="extiw" title="s:Autore:Christian Wolff">Christian Wolff</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikisource"><img alt="Collabora a Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a> contiene una pagina in lingua tedesca dedicata a <b><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/de:Christian_Wolff" class="extiw" title="s:de:Christian Wolff">Christian Wolff</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" class="extiw" title="q:Christian Wolff">Christian Wolff</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christian_Wolff?uselang=it">Christian Wolff</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/christian-wolff"><span style="font-style:italic;">Wolff, Christian</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76510#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_Italiana" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Delio_Cantimori" title="Delio Cantimori">Delio Cantimori</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/christian-wolff_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">WOLFF, Christian</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Enciclopedia Italiana</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 1937.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76510#P4223" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_filosofia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/christian-wolff_(Dizionario-di-filosofia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Wolff (o Wolf), Christian</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Dizionario_di_filosofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dizionario di filosofia">Dizionario di filosofia</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2009.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76510#P7993" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christian-baron-von-Wolff"><span style="font-style:italic;">Christian, baron von Wolff</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76510#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wolff-christian/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Christian Wolff</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76510#P3123" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCyclopædia_of_Biblical,_Theological,_and_Ecclesiastical_Literature" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/W/wolf-(or-wolff)-christian-von.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Christian Wolff</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_Biblical,_Theological,_and_Ecclesiastical_Literature" title="Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature">Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature</a></span>, Harper.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76510#P8636" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBeWeb" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beweb.chiesacattolica.it/persone/persona/5091/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Christian Wolff</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">BeWeb</span>, <a href="/wiki/Conferenza_Episcopale_Italiana" title="Conferenza Episcopale Italiana">Conferenza Episcopale Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76510#P7796" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMathematics_Genealogy_Project" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=47793"><span style="font-style:italic;">Christian Wolff</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span>, North Dakota State University.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76510#P549" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMLOL" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlol.link/open/author/9509"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Christian Wolff</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">MLOL</span>, Horizons Unlimited.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76510#P3762" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4365481A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Christian Wolff</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76510#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontology.co/christian-wolff-ontology.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Christian Wolff's Ontology: Existence as Complement of Possibility</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ontology.co</span>.</cite> con una bibliografia annotata sulla metafisica di Wolff</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span 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