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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistic_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistic_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Artistic representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artistic_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Additional images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gluteal muscles</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF" title="গ্লুটিয়াল পেশি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্লুটিয়াল পেশি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculs_glutis" title="Músculs glutis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Músculs glutis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BD%C5%BE%C4%8Fov%C3%A9_svaly" title="Hýžďové svaly – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hýžďové svaly" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ماهیچه‌های سرینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماهیچه‌های سرینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_glut%C3%A9al" title="Muscle glutéal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Muscle glutéal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EA%B7%BC" title="볼기근 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼기근" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutei" title="Glutei – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Glutei" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%80%E7%AD%8B" title="臀筋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="臀筋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutealmusklene" title="Glutealmusklene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Glutealmusklene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99%C5%9Bnie_po%C5%9Bladkowe" title="Mięśnie pośladkowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mięśnie pośladkowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAteo" title="Glúteo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Glúteo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Ягодичные мышцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ягодичные мышцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluteal_muscles" title="Gluteal muscles – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gluteal muscles" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutealmusklerna" title="Glutealmusklerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Glutealmusklerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamnang_pampuwitan" title="Kalamnang pampuwitan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalamnang pampuwitan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="గ్లుటియల్ కండరాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్లుటియల్ కండరాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5" title="กล้ามเนื้อกลูเตียล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กล้ามเนื้อกลูเตียล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lye" title="İlye – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İlye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Сідничні м'язи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сідничні м'язи" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Gluteal muscles</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gluteus_muscles.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gluteus_muscles.PNG/250px-Gluteus_muscles.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="698" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gluteus_muscles.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Right leg, Calves rear view: Muscles of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions. <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_minimus" title="Gluteus minimus">Gluteus minimus</a> and the origins and insertions of <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_medius" title="Gluteus medius">medius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_maximus" title="Gluteus maximus">maximus</a> shown in red & also lower legs</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gluteus_maximus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gluteus_maximus.png/250px-Gluteus_maximus.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gluteus_maximus.png/375px-Gluteus_maximus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gluteus_maximus.png/500px-Gluteus_maximus.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="530" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gluteus maximus</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Parts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gluteus_maximus" title="Gluteus maximus">Gluteus maximus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_medius" title="Gluteus medius">gluteus medius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_minimus" title="Gluteus minimus">gluteus minimus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Superior_gluteal_artery" title="Superior gluteal artery">Superior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inferior_gluteal_artery" title="Inferior gluteal artery">inferior gluteal arteries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Vein</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Superior_gluteal_vein" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior gluteal vein">Superior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inferior_gluteal_vein" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior gluteal vein">inferior gluteal veins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">Nerve</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Superior_gluteal_nerve" title="Superior gluteal nerve">Superior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inferior_gluteal_nerve" title="Inferior gluteal nerve">inferior gluteal nerves</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 4">L4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_nerve_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spinal nerve 5">L5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_1" title="Sacral spinal nerve 1">S1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_2" title="Sacral spinal nerve 2">S2 nerve roots</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2478147" class="extiw" title="d:Q2478147">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>gluteal muscles</b>, often called <b>glutes</b>, are a group of three <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscles</a> which make up the <b>gluteal region</b> commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">buttocks</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_maximus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluteus maximus muscle">gluteus maximus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_medius_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluteus medius muscle">gluteus medius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_minimus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluteus minimus muscle">gluteus minimus</a>. The three muscles originate from the <a href="/wiki/Ilium_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilium bone">ilium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacrum</a> and insert on the <a href="/wiki/Femur" title="Femur">femur</a>. The functions of the muscles include <a href="/wiki/Extension_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Extension (kinesiology)">extension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abduction_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abduction (kinesiology)">abduction</a>, <a href="/wiki/External_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="External rotation">external rotation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Internal_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal rotation">internal rotation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hip_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip joint">hip joint</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gluteus maximus is the largest and most <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/superficial" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:superficial">superficial</a> of the three gluteal muscles. It makes up a large part of the shape and appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Hips" class="mw-redirect" title="Hips">hips</a>. It is a narrow and thick fleshy mass of a quadrilateral shape, and forms the prominence of the <a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">buttocks</a>. The gluteus medius is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a>. It lies profound to the gluteus maximus and its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus, its anterior two-thirds by the <a href="/wiki/Gluteal_aponeurosis" title="Gluteal aponeurosis">gluteal aponeurosis</a>, which separates it from the <a href="/wiki/Superficial_fascia" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficial fascia">superficial fascia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">skin</a>. The gluteus minimus is the smallest of the three gluteal muscles and is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius. </p><p>The bulk of the gluteal muscle mass contributes only partially to shape of the buttocks. The other major contributing factor is that of the <a href="/wiki/Panniculus_adiposus" title="Panniculus adiposus">panniculus adiposus</a> (fatty layer) of the buttocks, which is very well developed in this area, and gives the buttock its characteristic rounded shape. Exercise in general (not only of the gluteal muscles but of the body in general) which can contribute to fat loss can lead to reduction of mass in subcutaneal fat storage locations on the body which includes the panniculus, so for leaner and more active individuals, the glutes will more predominantly contribute to the shape than someone less active with a fattier composition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The degree of body fat stored in various locations such as the panniculus is dictated by genetic and hormonal profiles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gluteus_maximus">Gluteus maximus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gluteus maximus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_maximus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluteus maximus muscle">Gluteus maximus muscle</a></div> <p>The gluteus maximus arises from the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_gluteal_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior gluteal line">posterior gluteal line</a> of the inner upper <a href="/wiki/Ilium_(bone)" title="Ilium (bone)">ilium</a>, and the rough portion of bone including the crest, immediately above and behind it; from the posterior surface of the lower part of the <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacrum</a> and the side of the <a href="/wiki/Coccyx" title="Coccyx">coccyx</a>; from the <a href="/wiki/Aponeurosis" title="Aponeurosis">aponeurosis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Erector_spinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Erector spinae">erector spinae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thoracolumbar_fascia" title="Thoracolumbar fascia">lumbodorsal fascia</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Sacrotuberous_ligament" title="Sacrotuberous ligament">sacrotuberous ligament</a>, and the fascia covering the gluteus medius. The fibers are directed obliquely downward and lateralward; the muscle has two insertions: Those forming the upper and larger portion of the muscle, together with the superficial fibers of the lower portion, end in a thick tendinous lamina, which passes across the <a href="/wiki/Greater_trochanter" title="Greater trochanter">greater trochanter</a>, and inserts into the <a href="/wiki/Iliotibial_tract" title="Iliotibial tract">iliotibial band</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fascia_lata" title="Fascia lata">fascia lata</a>; and the deeper fibers of the lower portion of the muscle are inserted into the <a href="/wiki/Gluteal_tuberosity" title="Gluteal tuberosity">gluteal tuberosity</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Vastus_lateralis" class="mw-redirect" title="Vastus lateralis">vastus lateralis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adductor_magnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Adductor magnus">adductor magnus</a>. Its action is to extend and to laterally rotate the hip, and also to extend the trunk. </p><p>The gluteus maximus is larger in size and thicker in humans than in other <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grays2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grays2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, it is approximately 1.6 times larger relative to body mass compared to chimpanzees and comprises about 18.3% of total hip musculature mass versus 11.7% in chimpanzees.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gluteus_medius">Gluteus medius</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gluteus medius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_medius_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluteus medius muscle">Gluteus medius muscle</a></div> <p>The gluteus medius muscle originates on the outer surface of the ilium between the <a href="/wiki/Iliac_crest" title="Iliac crest">iliac crest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_gluteal_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior gluteal line">posterior gluteal line</a> above, and the <a href="/wiki/Anterior_gluteal_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior gluteal line">anterior gluteal line</a> below; the gluteus medius also originates from the gluteal aponeurosis that covers its outer surface. The fibers of the muscle converge into a strong flattened tendon that inserts on the lateral surface of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_trochanter" title="Greater trochanter">greater trochanter</a>. More specifically, the muscle's tendon inserts into an oblique ridge that runs downward and forward on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gluteus_minimus">Gluteus minimus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gluteus minimus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gluteus_minimus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluteus minimus muscle">Gluteus minimus muscle</a></div> <p>The gluteus minimus is fan-shaped, arising from the outer surface of the ilium, between the <a href="/wiki/Anterior_gluteal_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior gluteal line">anterior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inferior_gluteal_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior gluteal line">inferior gluteal lines</a>, and behind, from the margin of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_sciatic_notch" title="Greater sciatic notch">greater sciatic notch</a>. The fibers converge to the deep surface of a radiated <a href="/wiki/Aponeurosis" title="Aponeurosis">aponeurosis</a>, and this ends in a tendon which is inserted into an impression on the anterior border of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_trochanter" title="Greater trochanter">greater trochanter</a>, and gives an expansion to the capsule of the hip joint. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The functions of muscles includes <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion#Flexion_and_extension" title="Anatomical terms of motion">extension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abduction_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abduction (kinesiology)">abduction</a> and internal as well as external <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion#Rotation" title="Anatomical terms of motion">rotation</a> of the hip joint. The gluteus maximus also supports the extended <a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knee</a> through the iliotibial tract. </p><p>The human gluteus maximus plays multiple important functional roles, particularly in running rather than walking. During running, it helps control trunk flexion, aids in decelerating the swing leg, and contributes to hip extension. During level walking, the muscle shows minimal activity, suggesting its enlargement was not primarily adapted for walking.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The muscle's size and position make it uniquely suited for controlling trunk position during rapid movements and stabilizing the trunk against flexion. While traditionally associated with maintaining erect posture, evidence suggests its enlargement was more likely selected for its role in running capability and trunk stabilization during various dynamic activities. These adaptations would have been particularly important for activities like running and climbing in early human evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sitting for long periods can lead to the gluteal muscles <a href="/wiki/Muscle_atrophy" title="Muscle atrophy">atrophying</a> through constant pressure and disuse. This may be associated with (although not necessarily the cause of) <a href="/wiki/Lower_back_pain" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower back pain">lower back pain</a>, difficulty with some movements that naturally require the gluteal muscles such as rising from the seated position, and climbing stairs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exercise_and_stretching">Exercise and stretching</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Exercise and stretching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Any exercise that works and/or stretches the buttocks is suitable, for example <a href="/wiki/Lunge_(exercise)" title="Lunge (exercise)">lunges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_lift" title="Pelvic lift">hip thrusts</a>, climbing stairs, <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycling">bicycling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squat_(exercise)" title="Squat (exercise)">squats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ballet_terms#Arabesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of ballet terms">arabesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerobics" title="Aerobics">aerobics</a>, and various specific exercises for the bottom. <a href="/wiki/Weight_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight training">Weight training</a> exercises which are known to significantly strengthen the gluteal muscles include the <a href="/wiki/Squat_(exercise)" title="Squat (exercise)">squat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deadlift" title="Deadlift">deadlift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leg_press" title="Leg press">leg press</a>, any other movements involving external hip rotation and hip extension. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cultural significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Well formed gluteal muscles have long been associated with health, strength and sexual attractiveness. In terms of health, they act as a sign of 'being in shape'. This usually means a person is also eating, sleeping and exercising properly, all of which are beneficial to health. In terms of strength, the glutes are among the largest and most powerful muscles in the body. If they are well developed then a person is more likely to be strong. They are also key contributors to movement ranges of fundamental importance, such as bending and straightening the legs, and bending, straightening and twisting at the waist. These movement ranges are key in a person's ability to move in a powerful, dynamic fashion and they are powered to a significant extent by the glutes. If they are well formed then a person is much more likely to be able to move efficiently. In terms of sexual attractiveness, the glute specialist Bret Contreras considers in physio-anthropological terms that this is based upon a sub-conscious assessment of the relationship between a physical capability to survive and prosper, and the ability to raise a family.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>'It stands to reason that both males and females were attracted to nice glutes, instinctively making the connection to big, strong glutes and survival, reproduction, hunting and protection.'<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artistic_representation">Artistic representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Artistic representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prominent gluteal muscles are often used in art in order to imply an ability to move in a powerful, dynamic fashion; virility and fertility; and to meet aesthetic considerations in these regards. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Artistic representations of the gluteal muscles</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_Kallipygos_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Venus Callipyge statue, 1st or 2nd Century B.C."><img alt="The Venus Callipyge statue, 1st or 2nd Century B.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Venus_Kallipygos_cropped.jpg/68px-Venus_Kallipygos_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Venus_Kallipygos_cropped.jpg/103px-Venus_Kallipygos_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Venus_Kallipygos_cropped.jpg/137px-Venus_Kallipygos_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="1445" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Venus_Callipyge" title="Venus Callipyge">Venus Callipyge</a> statue, 1st or 2nd Century B.C.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Greek_athlete_using_a_strigel_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Ancient Greek athlete using a strigil, which is a device used for cleaning off oil and dirt"><img alt="An Ancient Greek athlete using a strigil, which is a device used for cleaning off oil and dirt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ancient_Greek_athlete_using_a_strigel_cropped.jpg/120px-Ancient_Greek_athlete_using_a_strigel_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ancient_Greek_athlete_using_a_strigel_cropped.jpg/250px-Ancient_Greek_athlete_using_a_strigel_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="549" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Ancient Greek athlete using a <a href="/wiki/Strigil" title="Strigil">strigil</a>, which is a device used for cleaning off oil and dirt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Greek_sprinters_vase_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Greek sprinters, c. 530 B.C."><img alt="Ancient Greek sprinters, c. 530 B.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ancient_Greek_sprinters_vase_cropped.jpg/250px-Ancient_Greek_sprinters_vase_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ancient_Greek_sprinters_vase_cropped.jpg/330px-Ancient_Greek_sprinters_vase_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ancient_Greek_sprinters_vase_cropped.jpg/500px-Ancient_Greek_sprinters_vase_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ancient Greek sprinters, c. 530 B.C.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pankratiast_Roman_relief_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pankratiasts fighting on a Roman relief"><img alt="Pankratiasts fighting on a Roman relief" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pankratiast_Roman_relief_cropped.jpg/107px-Pankratiast_Roman_relief_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Pankratiast_Roman_relief_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="251" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pankration" title="Pankration">Pankratiasts</a> fighting on a Roman relief</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boxer_Jack_Johnson_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The large glutes and muscular proportions of this heavyweight boxer demonstrate the 20th Century revival of historical training focuses"><img alt="The large glutes and muscular proportions of this heavyweight boxer demonstrate the 20th Century revival of historical training focuses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Boxer_Jack_Johnson_cropped.jpg/250px-Boxer_Jack_Johnson_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Boxer_Jack_Johnson_cropped.jpg/330px-Boxer_Jack_Johnson_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The large glutes and muscular proportions of this heavyweight boxer demonstrate the 20th Century revival of historical training focuses</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:100m_2017_sprinters_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modern sprinters, 2017"><img alt="Modern sprinters, 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/100m_2017_sprinters_cropped.jpg/115px-100m_2017_sprinters_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/100m_2017_sprinters_cropped.jpg/173px-100m_2017_sprinters_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/100m_2017_sprinters_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Modern sprinters, 2017</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armand_Duplantis_jumps_6.0_m,_August_24_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pole vaulter, 2019"><img alt="A pole vaulter, 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Armand_Duplantis_jumps_6.0_m%2C_August_24_2019.jpg/250px-Armand_Duplantis_jumps_6.0_m%2C_August_24_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Armand_Duplantis_jumps_6.0_m%2C_August_24_2019.jpg/330px-Armand_Duplantis_jumps_6.0_m%2C_August_24_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Armand_Duplantis_jumps_6.0_m%2C_August_24_2019.jpg/500px-Armand_Duplantis_jumps_6.0_m%2C_August_24_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4132" data-file-height="2601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pole vaulter, 2019</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adult_entertainers_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The commercialisation of the gluteal muscles as demonstrated by an adult entertainment associate, 2014"><img alt="The commercialisation of the gluteal muscles as demonstrated by an adult entertainment associate, 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Adult_entertainers_cropped.jpg/120px-Adult_entertainers_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Adult_entertainers_cropped.jpg/250px-Adult_entertainers_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="2047" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The commercialisation of the gluteal muscles as demonstrated by an adult entertainment associate, 2014</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gluteal_crease" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluteal crease">Gluteal crease</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gluteus_maximus_3D.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Position of gluteus maximus muscle"><img alt="Position of gluteus maximus muscle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gluteus_maximus_3D.gif/120px-Gluteus_maximus_3D.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gluteus_maximus_3D.gif/180px-Gluteus_maximus_3D.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gluteus_maximus_3D.gif/240px-Gluteus_maximus_3D.gif 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position of gluteus maximus muscle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gluteus_medius_muscle_-_animation04.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Position of gluteus medius muscle"><img alt="Position of gluteus medius muscle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gluteus_medius_muscle_-_animation04.gif/120px-Gluteus_medius_muscle_-_animation04.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gluteus_medius_muscle_-_animation04.gif/250px-Gluteus_medius_muscle_-_animation04.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position of gluteus medius muscle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gluteus_minimus_muscle_-_animation04.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Position of gluteus minimus muscle"><img alt="Position of gluteus minimus muscle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gluteus_minimus_muscle_-_animation04.gif/120px-Gluteus_minimus_muscle_-_animation04.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gluteus_minimus_muscle_-_animation04.gif/250px-Gluteus_minimus_muscle_-_animation04.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position of gluteus minimus muscle</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Moore-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moore_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMooreDalley_IIAgur2018" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Keith L.; Dalley II, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2018). <i>Clinically Oriented Anatomy</i> (Eighth ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. pp. <span class="nowrap">722–</span>723. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781496347213" title="Special:BookSources/9781496347213"><bdi>9781496347213</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinically+Oriented+Anatomy&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E722-%3C%2Fspan%3E723&rft.edition=Eighth&rft.pub=Wolters+Kluwer&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781496347213&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Keith+L.&rft.au=Dalley+II%2C+Arthur+F.&rft.au=Agur%2C+Anne+M.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGluteal+muscles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grays2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grays2016_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStandring,_Susan2016" class="citation book cs1">Standring, Susan, ed. (2016). "Pelvic girdle, gluteal region and thigh: Gluteus maximus". <i>Gray's anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice</i> (41st ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Limited. pp. <span class="nowrap">1357–</span>1358. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780702052309" title="Special:BookSources/9780702052309"><bdi>9780702052309</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/920806541">920806541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pelvic+girdle%2C+gluteal+region+and+thigh%3A+Gluteus+maximus&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy%3A+The+anatomical+basis+of+clinical+practice&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1357-%3C%2Fspan%3E1358&rft.edition=41st&rft.pub=Elsevier+Limited&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F920806541&rft.isbn=9780702052309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGluteal+muscles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiebermanRaichlenPontzerBramble2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lieberman, Daniel E.; Raichlen, David A.; Pontzer, Herman; Bramble, Dennis M.; Cutright-Smith, Elizabeth (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/209/11/2143/16175/The-human-gluteus-maximus-and-its-role-in-running">"The human gluteus maximus and its role in running"</a>. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>209</b> (11): <span class="nowrap">2143–</span>2155. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.02255">10.1242/jeb.02255</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1477-9145">1477-9145</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=The+human+gluteus+maximus+and+its+role+in+running&rft.volume=209&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2143-%3C%2Fspan%3E2155&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.02255&rft.issn=1477-9145&rft.aulast=Lieberman&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rft.au=Raichlen%2C+David+A.&rft.au=Pontzer%2C+Herman&rft.au=Bramble%2C+Dennis+M.&rft.au=Cutright-Smith%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.biologists.com%2Fjeb%2Farticle%2F209%2F11%2F2143%2F16175%2FThe-human-gluteus-maximus-and-its-role-in-running&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGluteal+muscles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNiinimäkiHärkönenNikanderAbe2016" class="citation journal cs1">Niinimäki, Sirpa; Härkönen, Laura; Nikander, Riku; Abe, Shinya; Knüsel, Christopher; Sievänen, Harri (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0018442X15000761">"The cross-sectional area of the gluteus maximus muscle varies according to habitual exercise loading: Implications for activity-related and evolutionary studies"</a>. <i>HOMO</i>. <b>67</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">125–</span>137. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jchb.2015.06.005">10.1016/j.jchb.2015.06.005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HOMO&rft.atitle=The+cross-sectional+area+of+the+gluteus+maximus+muscle+varies+according+to+habitual+exercise+loading%3A+Implications+for+activity-related+and+evolutionary+studies&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E125-%3C%2Fspan%3E137&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jchb.2015.06.005&rft.aulast=Niinim%C3%A4ki&rft.aufirst=Sirpa&rft.au=H%C3%A4rk%C3%B6nen%2C+Laura&rft.au=Nikander%2C+Riku&rft.au=Abe%2C+Shinya&rft.au=Kn%C3%BCsel%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Siev%C3%A4nen%2C+Harri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0018442X15000761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGluteal+muscles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBret_Contreras2019" class="citation book cs1">Bret Contreras, Glen Cordoza (2019). <i>The Glute Lab</i>. Victory Belt Publishing. pp. 5, 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781628603460" title="Special:BookSources/9781628603460"><bdi>9781628603460</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Glute+Lab&rft.pages=5%2C+25&rft.pub=Victory+Belt+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781628603460&rft.aulast=Bret+Contreras&rft.aufirst=Glen+Cordoza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGluteal+muscles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBret_Contreras2019" class="citation book cs1">Bret Contreras, Glen Cordoza (2019). <i>The Glute Lab</i>. Victory Belt Publishing. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781628603460" title="Special:BookSources/9781628603460"><bdi>9781628603460</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Glute+Lab&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Victory+Belt+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781628603460&rft.aulast=Bret+Contreras&rft.aufirst=Glen+Cordoza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGluteal+muscles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>McMinn, RMH (Ed) (1994) Last's Anatomy: Regional and applied (9th Ed). London: Churchill Livingstone. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-443-04662-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-443-04662-X">0-443-04662-X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluteal_muscles&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/107/128.html">8b. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Thigh</a> Bartleby.com, Henry Gray, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/107/">Anatomy of the Human Body</a>, 1918.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muscles_of_the_hip_and_human_leg221" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muscles_of_the_hip" title="Muscles of the hip">Muscles of the hip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">human leg</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ilium_(bone)" title="Ilium (bone)">Iliac region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iliopsoas" title="Iliopsoas">Iliopsoas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psoas_major_muscle" title="Psoas major muscle">Psoas major</a>/<a href="/wiki/Psoas_minor_muscle" title="Psoas minor muscle">Psoas minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliacus_muscle" title="Iliacus muscle">Iliacus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">Buttocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gluteal muscles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gluteus_maximus" title="Gluteus maximus">Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluteus_medius" title="Gluteus medius">Medius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluteus_minimus" title="Gluteus minimus">Minimus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensor_fasciae_latae_muscle" title="Tensor fasciae latae muscle">Tensor fasciae latae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Lateral_rotator_group" title="Lateral rotator group">Lateral rotator group</a>:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_femoris_muscle" title="Quadratus femoris muscle">Quadratus femoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemelli_muscles" title="Gemelli muscles">Inferior gemellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_gemellus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior gemellus muscle">Superior gemellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_obturator_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal obturator muscle">Internal obturator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_obturator_muscle" title="External obturator muscle">External obturator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piriformis_muscle" title="Piriformis muscle">Piriformis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">Thigh</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Fascial_compartments_of_thigh" title="Fascial compartments of thigh">compartments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_compartment_of_thigh" title="Anterior compartment of thigh">Anterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sartorius_muscle" title="Sartorius muscle">Sartorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadriceps_femoris_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadriceps femoris muscle">Quadriceps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rectus_femoris_muscle" title="Rectus femoris muscle">Rectus femoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastus_lateralis_muscle" title="Vastus lateralis muscle">Vastus lateralis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastus_intermedius_muscle" title="Vastus intermedius muscle">Vastus intermedius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastus_medialis" title="Vastus medialis">Vastus medialis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articularis_genus_muscle" title="Articularis genus muscle">Articularis genus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_thigh" title="Posterior compartment of thigh">Posterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamstring" title="Hamstring">Hamstring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biceps_femoris_muscle" title="Biceps femoris muscle">Biceps femoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semitendinosus_muscle" title="Semitendinosus muscle">Semitendinosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semimembranosus_muscle" title="Semimembranosus muscle">Semimembranosus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medial_compartment_of_thigh" title="Medial compartment of thigh">Medial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pectineus_muscle" title="Pectineus muscle">Pectineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_obturator_muscle" title="External obturator muscle">External obturator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracilis_muscle" title="Gracilis muscle">Gracilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_muscles_of_the_hip" title="Adductor muscles of the hip">Adductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_longus_muscle" title="Adductor longus muscle">Longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_brevis_muscle" title="Adductor brevis muscle">Brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_magnus_muscle" title="Adductor magnus muscle">Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_minimus_muscle" title="Adductor minimus muscle">Minimus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Femoral_sheath" title="Femoral sheath">Femoral sheath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Femoral_canal" title="Femoral canal">Femoral canal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femoral_ring" title="Femoral ring">Femoral ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_canal" title="Adductor canal">Adductor canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_hiatus" title="Adductor hiatus">Adductor hiatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_lacuna" title="Muscular lacuna">Muscular lacuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Fascia_lata" title="Fascia lata">Fascia lata</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iliotibial_tract" title="Iliotibial tract">Iliotibial tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_intermuscular_septum_of_thigh" title="Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh">Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_intermuscular_septum_of_thigh" title="Medial intermuscular septum of thigh">Medial intermuscular septum of thigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cribriform_fascia" title="Cribriform fascia">Cribriform fascia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Leg</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Fascial_compartments_of_leg" title="Fascial compartments of leg">compartments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_compartment_of_leg" title="Anterior compartment of leg">Anterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibialis_anterior_muscle" title="Tibialis anterior muscle">Tibialis anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_hallucis_longus_muscle" title="Extensor hallucis longus muscle">Extensor hallucis longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum longus muscle">Extensor digitorum longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibularis_tertius" title="Fibularis tertius">Fibularis (peroneus) tertius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_leg" title="Posterior compartment of leg">Posterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Superficial</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triceps_surae_muscle" title="Triceps surae muscle">Triceps surae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrocnemius_muscle" title="Gastrocnemius muscle">Gastrocnemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soleus_muscle" title="Soleus muscle">Soleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accessory_soleus_muscle" title="Accessory soleus muscle">Accessory soleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon" title="Achilles tendon">Achilles tendon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantaris_muscle" title="Plantaris muscle">Plantaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Deep</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarsal_tunnel" title="Tarsal tunnel">tarsal tunnel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle" title="Flexor hallucis longus muscle">Flexor hallucis longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_longus_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum longus muscle">Flexor digitorum longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibialis_posterior_muscle" title="Tibialis posterior muscle">Tibialis posterior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popliteus_muscle" title="Popliteus muscle">Popliteus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_compartment_of_leg" title="Lateral compartment of leg">Lateral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibularis_muscles" title="Fibularis muscles">Fibularis (peroneus) muscles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibularis_longus" title="Fibularis longus">Longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibularis_brevis" title="Fibularis brevis">Brevis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pes_anserinus_(leg)" title="Pes anserinus (leg)">Pes anserinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_fascia_of_leg" title="Deep fascia of leg">Intermuscular septa</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_intermuscular_septum_of_leg" title="Anterior intermuscular septum of leg">Anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_intermuscular_septum_of_leg" title="Posterior intermuscular septum of leg">Posterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_transverse_fascia" title="Deep transverse fascia">Transverse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">Foot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dorsal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_hallucis_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor hallucis brevis muscle">Extensor hallucis brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum brevis muscle">Extensor digitorum brevis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plantar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>1st layer</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Abductor hallucis muscle">Abductor hallucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_brevis_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum brevis muscle">Flexor digitorum brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abductor_digiti_minimi_muscle_of_foot" title="Abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot">Abductor digiti minimi</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>2nd layer</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_plantae_muscle" title="Quadratus plantae muscle">Quadratus plantae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbricals_of_the_foot" title="Lumbricals of the foot">Lumbrical muscle</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>3rd layer</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle" title="Flexor hallucis brevis muscle">Flexor hallucis brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Adductor hallucis muscle">Adductor hallucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_digiti_minimi_brevis_muscle_(foot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (foot)">Flexor digiti minimi brevis</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>4th layer</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot" title="Dorsal interossei of the foot">Dorsal interossei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantar_interossei_muscles" title="Plantar interossei muscles">Plantar interossei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plantar_fascia" title="Plantar fascia">Plantar fascia</a></li> <li>retinacula <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peroneal_retinacula" class="mw-redirect" title="Peroneal retinacula">Peroneal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_extensor_retinaculum_of_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior extensor retinaculum of foot">Inferior extensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_extensor_retinaculum_of_foot" title="Superior extensor retinaculum of foot">Superior extensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_retinaculum_of_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor retinaculum of foot">Flexor</a></li></ul></li></ul> 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