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Saleh</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Inas Mohamed Saleh"> <meta name="keywords" content="Inas Mohamed Saleh"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Inas Mohamed Saleh"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1830</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Inas Mohamed Saleh</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1830</span> X Ray Analysis of InAs-CrAs Eutectic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mobil%20Kazimov">Mobil Kazimov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guseyn%20%C4%B0bragimov"> Guseyn İbragimov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> InAs-CrAs systems are synthesized by the vertical Bridgman–Stockbarger method. XRD analysis and microstructural study of InAs-CrAs composites show that CrAs metallic inclusions are uniformly distributed in the InAs matrices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title="XRD">XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20alloy" title=" eutectic alloy"> eutectic alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDX" title=" EDX"> EDX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162058/x-ray-analysis-of-inas-cras-eutectic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1829</span> Size Distribution Effect of InAs/InP Self–Organized Quantum Dots on Optical Properties </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Nouri">Abdelkader Nouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%E2%80%99hamed%20Bouslama"> M’hamed Bouslama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faouzi%20Saidi"> Faouzi Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Maaref"> Hassan Maaref</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Gendry"> Michel Gendry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Self-organized InAs quantum dots (QDs) have been grown on 3,1% InP (110) lattice mismatched substrate by Solid Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy (SSMBE). Stranski-Krastanov mode growth has been used to create self-assembled 3D islands on InAs wetting layer (WL). The optical quality depending on the temperature and power is evaluated. In addition, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images shows inhomogeneous island dots size distribution due to temperature coalescence. The quantum size effect was clearly observed through the spectra photoluminescence (PL) shape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AFM" title="AFM">AFM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAs%20QDs" title=" InAs QDs"> InAs QDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PL" title=" PL"> PL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSMBE" title=" SSMBE"> SSMBE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20670/size-distribution-effect-of-inasinp-self-organized-quantum-dots-on-optical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">688</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1828</span> Isolation and Molecular Identification of Two Fungal Strains Capable of Degrading hydrocarbon Contaminants on Saudi Arabian Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20A.%20EL%20Hanafy">Amr A. EL Hanafy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Anwar"> Yasir Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20A.%20Mohamed"> Saleh A. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Mohamed%20Saleh%20Al-Garni"> Saleh Mohamed Saleh Al-Garni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20S.%20M.%20Sabir"> Jamal S. M. Sabir </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20A.%20H.%20Abu%20Zinadah"> Osama A. H. Abu Zinadah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Morsi%20Ahmed"> Mohamed Morsi Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the vicinity of the red sea about 15 fungi species were isolated from oil contaminated sites. On the basis of aptitude to degrade the crude oil and DCPIP assay, two fungal isolates were selected amongst 15 oil degrading strains. Analysis of ITS-1, ITS-2 and amplicon pyrosequencing studies of fungal diversity revealed that these strains belong to Penicillium and Aspergillus species. Two strains that proved to be the most efficient in degrading crude oil was Aspergillus niger (54 %) and Penicillium commune (48 %) Subsequent to two weeks of cultivation in BHS medium the degradation rate were recorded by using spectrophotometer and GC-MS. Hence, it is cleared that these fungal strains has the capability of degradation and can be utilized for cleaning the Saudi Arabian environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20%20strains" title="fungal strains">fungal strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbon%20contaminants" title=" hydrocarbon contaminants"> hydrocarbon contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20identification" title=" molecular identification"> molecular identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36036/isolation-and-molecular-identification-of-two-fungal-strains-capable-of-degrading-hydrocarbon-contaminants-on-saudi-arabian-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1827</span> Modeling and Simulation of InAs/GaAs and GaSb/GaAS Quantum Dot Solar Cells in SILVACO TCAD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fethi%20Benyettou">Fethi Benyettou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Aissat"> Abdelkader Aissat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Benammar"> M. A. Benammar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we use Silvaco TCAD software for modeling and simulations of standard GaAs solar cell, InAs/GaAs and GaSb/GaAs p-i-n quantum dot solar cell. When comparing 20-layer InAs/GaAs, GaSb/GaAs quantum dots solar cells with standard GaAs solar cell, the conversion efficiency in simulation results increased from 16.48 % to 22.6% and 16.48% to 22.42% respectively. Also, the absorption range edge of photons with low energies extended from 900 nm to 1200 nm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SILVACO%20TCAD" title="SILVACO TCAD">SILVACO TCAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20quantum%20dot" title=" the quantum dot"> the quantum dot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials%20engineering" title=" materials engineering"> materials engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20994/modeling-and-simulation-of-inasgaas-and-gasbgaas-quantum-dot-solar-cells-in-silvaco-tcad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1826</span> Radiation Effects and Defects in InAs, InP Compounds and Their Solid Solutions InPxAs1-x</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Kekelidze">N. Kekelidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Kvirkvelia"> B. Kvirkvelia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Khutsishvili"> E. Khutsishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Qamushadze"> T. Qamushadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kekelidze"> D. Kekelidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Kobaidze"> R. Kobaidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Chubinishvili"> Z. Chubinishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Qobulashvili"> N. Qobulashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Kekelidze"> G. Kekelidze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On the basis of InAs, InP and their InP<sub>x</sub>As<sub>1-x</sub> solid solutions, the technologies were developed and materials were created where the electron concentration and optical and thermoelectric properties do not change under the irradiation with <em>Ф </em>= 2∙10<sup>18 </sup>n/cm<sup>2</sup> fluences of fast neutrons high-energy electrons (50 MeV, <em>Ф </em>= 6·10<sup>17 </sup>e/cm<sup>2</sup>) and 3 MeV electrons with fluence <em>Ф </em>= 3∙10<sup>18 </sup>e/cm<sup>2</sup>. The problem of obtaining such material has been solved, in which under hard irradiation the mobility of the electrons does not decrease, but increases. This material is characterized by high thermal stability up to T = 700 °C. The complex process of defects formation has been analyzed and shown that, despite of hard irradiation, the essential properties of investigated materials are mainly determined by point type defects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAs" title="InAs">InAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InP" title=" InP"> InP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20solutions" title=" solid solutions"> solid solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irradiation" title=" irradiation"> irradiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102935/radiation-effects-and-defects-in-inas-inp-compounds-and-their-solid-solutions-inpxas1-x" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1825</span> High Frequency Nanomechanical Oscillators Based on Synthetic Nanowires</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjin%20Kim">Minjin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihwan%20Kim"> Jihwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bongsoo%20Kim"> Bongsoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junho%20Suh"> Junho Suh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We demonstrate nanomechanical resonators constructed with synthetic nanowires (NWs) and study their electro-mechanical properties at millikelvin temperatures. Nanomechanical resonators are fabricated using single-crystalline Au NWs and InAs NWs. The mechanical resonance signals are acquired by either magnetomotive or capacitive detection methods. The Au NWs are synthesized by chemical vapor transport method at 1100 °C, and they exhibit clean surface and single-crystallinity with little defects. Due to pristine surface quality, these Au NW mechanical resonators could provide an ideal model system for studying surface-related effects on the mechanical systems. The InAs NWs are synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy or metal organic chemical vapor deposition method. The InAs NWs show electronic conductance modulation resembling Coulomb blockade, which also manifests in the mechanical resonance signals in the form of damping and resonance frequency shift. Our result provides an evidence of strong electro-mechanical coupling in synthetic NW nanomechanical resonators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Au%20nanowire" title="Au nanowire">Au nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAs%20nanowire" title=" InAs nanowire"> InAs nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomechanical%20resonator" title=" nanomechanical resonator"> nanomechanical resonator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20nanowires" title=" synthetic nanowires"> synthetic nanowires</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66256/high-frequency-nanomechanical-oscillators-based-on-synthetic-nanowires" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1824</span> Reliability of Slender Reinforced Concrete Columns: Part 1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metwally%20Abdel%20Aziz%20Ahmed">Metwally Abdel Aziz Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shaban%20Abdel%20Hay%20Gabr"> Ahmed Shaban Abdel Hay Gabr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20Mohamed%20Saleh"> Inas Mohamed Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of structural design is to ensure safety and functional performance requirements of a structural system for its target reliability levels. In this study, the reliability index for the reinforcement concrete slender columns with rectangular cross section is studied. The variable parameters studied include the loads, the concrete compressive strength, the steel yield strength, the dimensions of concrete cross-section, the reinforcement ratio, and the location of steel placement. Risk analysis program was used to perform the analytical study. The effect of load eccentricity on the reliability index of reinforced concrete slender column was studied and presented. The results of this study indicate that the good quality control improve the performance of slender reinforced columns through increasing the reliability index β. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slender%20column" title=" slender column"> slender column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53342/reliability-of-slender-reinforced-concrete-columns-part-1" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1823</span> Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing on the Optical Properties of InAs Quantum Dots Grown on (100) and (311)B GaAs Substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Almunyif">Amjad Almunyif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amra%20Alhassni"> Amra Alhassni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sultan%20Alhassan"> Sultan Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Al%20Huwayz"> Maryam Al Huwayz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saud%20Alotaibi"> Saud Alotaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulaziz%20Almalki"> Abdulaziz Almalki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Henini"> Mohamed Henini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the optical properties of InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown at an As overpressure of 2x 10⁻⁶ Torr by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on (100) and (311)B GaAs substrates was investigated using photoluminescence (PL) technique. PL results showed that for the as-grown samples, the QDs grown on the high index plane (311)B have lower PL intensity and lower full width at half maximum (FWHM) than those grown on the conventional (100) plane. The latter demonstrates that the (311)B QDs have better size uniformity than (100) QDs. Compared with as-grown samples, a blue-shift was observed for all samples with increasing annealing temperature from 600°C to 700°C. For (100) samples, a narrowing of the FWHM was observed with increasing annealing temperature from 600°C to 700°C. However, in (311)B samples, the FWHM showed a different behaviour; it slightly increased when the samples were annealed at 600°C and then decreased when the annealing temperature increased to 700°C. As expected, the PL peak intensity for all samples increased when the laser excitation power increased. The PL peak energy temperature dependence showed a strong redshift when the temperature was increased from 10 K to 120 K. The PL peak energy exhibited an abnormal S-shape behaviour as a function of temperature for all samples. Most samples exhibited a significant enhancement in their activation energies when annealed at 600°C and 700°C, suggesting that annealing annihilated defects created during sample growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RTA" title="RTA">RTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QDs" title=" QDs"> QDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAs" title=" InAs"> InAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MBE" title=" MBE"> MBE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141819/effect-of-rapid-thermal-annealing-on-the-optical-properties-of-inas-quantum-dots-grown-on-100-and-311b-gaas-substrates-by-molecular-beam-epitaxy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1822</span> Enhancement in the Absorption Efficiency of GaAs/InAs Nanowire Solar Cells through a Decrease in Light Reflection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latef%20M.%20Ali">Latef M. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20A.%20Abed"> Farah A. Abed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheen%20L.%20Mohammed"> Zheen L. Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of the Barium fluoride (BaF2) layer on the absorption efficiency of GaAs/InAs nanowire solar cells was investigated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. By inserting the BaF2 as antireflection with the dominant size of 10 nm to fill the space between the shells of wires on the Si (111) substrate. The absorption is significantly improved due to the strong reabsorption of light reflected at the shells and compared with the reference cells. The present simulation leads to a higher absorption efficiency (Qabs) and reaches a value of 97%, and the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) above 92% are observed. The current density (Jsc) increases by 0.22 mA/cm2 and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is enhanced by 0.11 mV. it explore the design and optimization of high-efficiency solar cells on low-reflective absorption efficiency of GaAs/InAs using simulation software tool. The changes in the core and shell diameters profoundly affects the generation and recombination process, thus affecting the conversion efficiency of solar cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire%20solar%20cells" title="nanowire solar cells">nanowire solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20efficiency" title=" absorption efficiency"> absorption efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band%20structures" title=" band structures"> band structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDTD%20simulation" title=" FDTD simulation"> FDTD simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182969/enhancement-in-the-absorption-efficiency-of-gaasinas-nanowire-solar-cells-through-a-decrease-in-light-reflection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1821</span> Effect of the Applied Bias on Miniband Structures in Dimer Fibonacci Inas/Ga1-Xinxas Superlattices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Aziz">Z. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Terkhi"> S. Terkhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Sefir"> Y. Sefir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Djelti"> R. Djelti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bentata"> S. Bentata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of a uniform electric field across multibarrier systems (InAs/InxGa1-xAs) is exhaustively explored by a computational model using exact airy function formalism and the transfer-matrix technique. In the case of biased DFHBSL structure a strong reduction in transmission properties was observed and the width of the miniband structure linearly decreases with the increase of the applied bias. This is due to the confinement of the states in the miniband structure, which becomes increasingly important (Wannier-Stark Effect). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimer%20fibonacci%20height%20barrier%20superlattices" title="dimer fibonacci height barrier superlattices">dimer fibonacci height barrier superlattices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20extended%20state" title=" singular extended state"> singular extended state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exact%20airy%20function" title=" exact airy function"> exact airy function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20matrix%20formalism" title=" transfer matrix formalism"> transfer matrix formalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3930/effect-of-the-applied-bias-on-miniband-structures-in-dimer-fibonacci-inasga1-xinxas-superlattices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1820</span> InAs/GaSb Superlattice Photodiode Array ns-Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Utpal%20Das">Utpal Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sona%20Das"> Sona Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) Mid-wave infrared (MWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) have recently seen rapid development. However, in small pixel size large format FPAs, the occurrence of high mesa sidewall surface leakage current is a major constraint necessitating proper surface passivation. A simple pixel isolation technique in InAs/GaSb T2SL detector arrays without the conventional mesa etching has been proposed to isolate the pixels by forming a more resistive higher band gap material from the SL, in the inter-pixel region. Here, a single step femtosecond (fs) laser anneal of the T2SL structure of the inter-pixel T2SL regions, have been used to increase the band gap between the pixels by QW-intermixing and hence increase isolation between the pixels. The p-i-n photodiode structure used here consists of a 506nm, (10 monolayer {ML}) InAs:Si (1x10¹⁸cm⁻³)/(10ML) GaSb SL as the bottom n-contact layer grown on an n-type GaSb substrate. The undoped absorber layer consists of 1.3µm, (10ML)InAs/(10ML)GaSb SL. The top p-contact layer is a 63nm, (10ML)InAs:Be(1x10¹⁸cm⁻³)/(10ML)GaSb T2SL. In order to improve the carrier transport, a 126nm of graded doped (10ML)InAs/(10ML)GaSb SL layer was added between the absorber and each contact layers. A 775nm 150fs-laser at a fluence of ~6mJ/cm² is used to expose the array where the pixel regions are masked by a Ti(200nm)-Au(300nm) cap. Here, in the inter-pixel regions, the p+ layer have been reactive ion etched (RIE) using CH₄+H₂ chemistry and removed before fs-laser exposure. The fs-laser anneal isolation improvement in 200-400μm pixels due to spatially selective quantum well intermixing for a blue shift of ~70meV in the inter-pixel regions is confirmed by FTIR measurements. Dark currents are measured between two adjacent pixels with the Ti(200nm)-Au(300nm) caps used as contacts. The T2SL quality in the active photodiode regions masked by the Ti-Au cap is hardly affected and retains the original quality of the detector. Although, fs-laser anneal of p+ only etched p-i-n T2SL diodes show a reduction in the reverse dark current, no significant improvement in the full RIE-etched mesa structures is noticeable. Hence for a 128x128 array fabrication of 8μm square pixels and 10µm pitch, SU8 polymer isolation after RIE pixel delineation has been used. X-n+ row contacts and Y-p+ column contacts have been used to measure the optical response of the individual pixels. The photo-response of these 8μm and other 200μm pixels under a 2ns optical pulse excitation from an Optical-Parametric-Oscillator (OPO), shows a peak responsivity of ~0.03A/W and 0.2mA/W, respectively, at λ~3.7μm. Temporal response of this detector array is seen to have a fast response ~10ns followed typical slow decay with ringing, attributed to impedance mismatch of the connecting co-axial cables. In conclusion, response times of a few ns have been measured in 8µm pixels of a 128x128 array. Although fs-laser anneal has been found to be useful in increasing the inter-pixel isolation in InAs/GaSb T2SL arrays by QW inter-mixing, it has not been found to be suitable for passivation of full RIE etched mesa structures with vertical walls on InAs/GaSb T2SL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band-gap%20blue-shift" title="band-gap blue-shift">band-gap blue-shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fs-laser-anneal" title=" fs-laser-anneal"> fs-laser-anneal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAs%2FGaSb%20T2SL" title=" InAs/GaSb T2SL"> InAs/GaSb T2SL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inter-pixel%20isolation" title=" Inter-pixel isolation"> Inter-pixel isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ns-Response" title=" ns-Response"> ns-Response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodiode%20array" title=" photodiode array"> photodiode array</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99603/inasgasb-superlattice-photodiode-array-ns-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1819</span> Enhancement in the Absorption Efficiency of Gaas/Inas Nanowire Solar Cells through a Decrease in Light Reflection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latef%20M.%20Ali">Latef M. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20A.%20Abed"> Farah A. Abed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of the Barium fluoride (BaF2) layer on the absorption efficiency of GaAs/InAs nanowire solar cells was investigated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. By inserting the BaF2 as antireflection with the dominant size of 10 nm to fill the space between the shells of wires on the Si (111) substrate. The absorption is significantly improved due to the strong reabsorption of light reflected at the shells and compared with the reference cells. The present simulation leads to a higher absorption efficiency (Qabs) and reaches a value of 97%, and the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) above 92% are observed. The current density (Jsc) increases by 0.22 mA/cm2 and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is enhanced by 0.11 mV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire%20solar%20cells" title="nanowire solar cells">nanowire solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20efficiency" title=" absorption efficiency"> absorption efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band%20structures" title=" band structures"> band structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fdtd%20simulation" title=" fdtd simulation"> fdtd simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167993/enhancement-in-the-absorption-efficiency-of-gaasinas-nanowire-solar-cells-through-a-decrease-in-light-reflection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1818</span> Effect of the Applied Bias on Mini-Band Structures in Dimer Fibonacci InAs/Ga1-XInXAs Superlattices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Aziz">Z. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Terkhi"> S. Terkhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Sefir"> Y. Sefir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Djelti"> R. Djelti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bentata"> S. Bentata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of a uniform electric field across multi-barrier systems (InAs/InxGa1-xAs) is exhaustively explored by a computational model using exact Airy function formalism and the transfer-matrix technique. In the case of biased DFHBSL structure a strong reduction in transmission properties was observed and the width of the mini-band structure linearly decreases with the increase of the applied bias. This is due to the confinement of the states in the mini-band structure, which becomes increasingly important (Wannier-Stark Effect). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimer%20fibonacci%20height%20barrier%20superlattices" title="dimer fibonacci height barrier superlattices">dimer fibonacci height barrier superlattices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20extended%20state" title=" singular extended state"> singular extended state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exact%20Airy%20function%20and%20transfer%20matrix%20formalism" title=" exact Airy function and transfer matrix formalism"> exact Airy function and transfer matrix formalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2231/effect-of-the-applied-bias-on-mini-band-structures-in-dimer-fibonacci-inasga1-xinxas-superlattices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1817</span> Peculiarities of Absorption near the Edge of the Fundamental Band of Irradiated InAs-InP Solid Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nodar%20Kekelidze">Nodar Kekelidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Kekelidze"> David Kekelidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elza%20Khutsishvili"> Elza Khutsishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bela%20Kvirkvelia"> Bela Kvirkvelia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The semiconductor devices are irreplaceable elements for investigations in Space (artificial Earth satellite, interplanetary space craft, probes, rockets) and for investigation of elementary particles on accelerators, for atomic power stations, nuclear reactors, robots operating on heavily radiation contaminated territories (Chernobyl, Fukushima). Unfortunately, the most important parameters of semiconductors dramatically worsen under irradiation. So creation of radiation-resistant semiconductor materials for opto and microelectronic devices is actual problem, as well as investigation of complicated processes developed in irradiated solid states. Homogeneous single crystals of InP-InAs solid solutions were grown with zone melting method. There has been studied the dependence of the optical absorption coefficient vs photon energy near fundamental absorption edge. This dependence changes dramatically with irradiation. The experiments were performed on InP, InAs and InP-InAs solid solutions before and after irradiation with electrons and fast neutrons. The investigations of optical properties were carried out on infrared spectrophotometer in temperature range of 10K-300K and 1mkm-50mkm spectral area. Radiation fluencies of fast neutrons was equal to 2·1018neutron/cm2 and electrons with 3MeV, 50MeV up to fluxes of 6·1017electron/cm2. Under irradiation, there has been revealed the exponential type of the dependence of the optical absorption coefficient vs photon energy with energy deficiency. The indicated phenomenon takes place at high and low temperatures as well at impurity different concentration and practically in all cases of irradiation by various energy electrons and fast neutrons. We have developed the common mechanism of this phenomenon for unirradiated materials and implemented the quantitative calculations of distinctive parameter; this is in a satisfactory agreement with experimental data. For the irradiated crystals picture get complicated. In the work, the corresponding analysis is carried out. It has been shown, that in the case of InP, irradiated with electrons (Ф=1·1017el/cm2), the curve of optical absorption is shifted to lower energies. This is caused by appearance of the tails of density of states in forbidden band due to local fluctuations of ionized impurity (defect) concentration. Situation is more complicated in the case of InAs and for solid solutions with composition near to InAs when besides noticeable phenomenon there takes place Burstein effect caused by increase of electrons concentration as a result of irradiation. We have shown, that in certain conditions it is possible the prevalence of Burstein effect. This causes the opposite effect: the shift of the optical absorption edge to higher energies. So in given solid solutions there take place two different opposite directed processes. By selection of solid solutions composition and doping impurity we obtained such InP-InAs, solid solution in which under radiation mutual compensation of optical absorption curves displacement occurs. Obtained result let create on the base of InP-InAs, solid solution radiation-resistant optical materials. Conclusion: It was established the nature of optical absorption near fundamental edge in semiconductor materials and it was created radiation-resistant optical material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAs-InP" title="InAs-InP">InAs-InP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrons%20concentration" title=" electrons concentration"> electrons concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irradiation" title=" irradiation"> irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20solutions" title=" solid solutions"> solid solutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85504/peculiarities-of-absorption-near-the-edge-of-the-fundamental-band-of-irradiated-inas-inp-solid-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1816</span> Waveguiding in an InAs Quantum Dots Nanomaterial for Scintillation Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katherine%20Dropiewski">Katherine Dropiewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Yakimov"> Michael Yakimov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vadim%20Tokranov"> Vadim Tokranov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allan%20Minns"> Allan Minns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Murat"> Pavel Murat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serge%20Oktyabrsky"> Serge Oktyabrsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> InAs Quantum Dots (QDs) in a GaAs matrix is a well-documented luminescent material with high light yield, as well as thermal and ionizing radiation tolerance due to quantum confinement. These benefits can be leveraged for high-efficiency, room temperature scintillation detectors. The proposed scintillator is composed of InAs QDs acting as luminescence centers in a GaAs stopping medium, which also acts as a waveguide. This system has appealing potential properties, including high light yield (~240,000 photons/MeV) and fast capture of photoelectrons (2-5ps), orders of magnitude better than currently used inorganic scintillators, such as LYSO or BaF2. The high refractive index of the GaAs matrix (n=3.4) ensures light emitted by the QDs is waveguided, which can be collected by an integrated photodiode (PD). Scintillation structures were grown using Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and consist of thick GaAs waveguiding layers with embedded sheets of modulation p-type doped InAs QDs. An AlAs sacrificial layer is grown between the waveguide and the GaAs substrate for epitaxial lift-off to separate the scintillator film and transfer it to a low-index substrate for waveguiding measurements. One consideration when using a low-density material like GaAs (~5.32 g/cm³) as a stopping medium is the matrix thickness in the dimension of radiation collection. Therefore, luminescence properties of very thick (4-20 microns) waveguides with up to 100 QD layers were studied. The optimization of the medium included QD shape, density, doping, and AlGaAs barriers at the waveguide surfaces to prevent non-radiative recombination. To characterize the efficiency of QD luminescence, low temperature photoluminescence (PL) (77-450 K) was measured and fitted using a kinetic model. The PL intensity degrades by only 40% at RT, with an activation energy for electron escape from QDs to the barrier of ~60 meV. Attenuation within the waveguide (WG) is a limiting factor for the lateral size of a scintillation detector, so PL spectroscopy in the waveguiding configuration was studied. Spectra were measured while the laser (630 nm) excitation point was scanned away from the collecting fiber coupled to the edge of the WG. The QD ground state PL peak at 1.04 eV (1190 nm) was inhomogeneously broadened with FWHM of 28 meV (33 nm) and showed a distinct red-shift due to self-absorption in the QDs. Attenuation stabilized after traveling over 1 mm through the WG, at about 3 cm⁻¹. Finally, a scintillator sample was used to test detection and evaluate timing characteristics using 5.5 MeV alpha particles. With a 2D waveguide and a small area of integrated PD, the collected charge averaged 8.4 x10⁴ electrons, corresponding to a collection efficiency of about 7%. The scintillation response had 80 ps noise-limited time resolution and a QD decay time of 0.6 ns. The data confirms unique properties of this scintillation detector which can be potentially much faster than any currently used inorganic scintillator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaAs" title="GaAs">GaAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAs" title=" InAs"> InAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20beam%20epitaxy" title=" molecular beam epitaxy"> molecular beam epitaxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dots" title=" quantum dots"> quantum dots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=III-V%20semiconductor" title=" III-V semiconductor"> III-V semiconductor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94371/waveguiding-in-an-inas-quantum-dots-nanomaterial-for-scintillation-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1815</span> Association of Airborne Emissions with Pulmonary Dysfunction, XRCC1 Gene Polymorphism, and Some Inflammatory Markers in Aluminum Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gehan%20Moubarz">Gehan Moubarz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atef%20M.%20F.%20Mohammed"> Atef M. F. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20A.%20Saleh"> Inas A. Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Mahdy-Abdallah"> Heba Mahdy-Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Saad-Hussein"> Amal Saad-Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study estimates the association between respiratory outcomes among employees of a secondary aluminum plant and airborne pollutants. Additionally, it looks into the relationship between pulmonary dysfunction in workers and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms. 110 exposed workers and 58 non-exposed workers participated in the study. Measurements have been conducted on SO₂, NO₂, and particulate particles. Pulmonary function was tested. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), interleukin 6 (IL6), GM-CSF, X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing 1 (XRCC1) protein, and genotyping of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms were examined. Results: The annual average concentrations of (PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, TSP, SO₂, and NO₂) were lower than the permissible limit. The areas around ovens, evaporators, and cold rolling mills exhibited the highest amounts. The majority of employees in these departments had impaired lung function. With longer exposure times, the exposed group's FEV1% and FVC% considerably reduced. The exposed workers had considerably higher XRCC1 levels. The evaluated inflammatory biomarkers showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Aluminum workers are at risk of developing respiratory disorders. The level of serum XRCC1 may act as a biomarker that might be very useful for detecting susceptible workers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20industry" title="aluminum industry">aluminum industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20matter" title=" particulate matter"> particulate matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SO%E2%82%82" title=" SO₂"> SO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NO%E2%82%82" title=" NO₂"> NO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20function" title=" lung function"> lung function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRCC1%20gene%20polymorphism" title=" XRCC1 gene polymorphism"> XRCC1 gene polymorphism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRCC1%20protein" title=" XRCC1 protein"> XRCC1 protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20biomarkers" title=" inflammatory biomarkers"> inflammatory biomarkers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193901/association-of-airborne-emissions-with-pulmonary-dysfunction-xrcc1-gene-polymorphism-and-some-inflammatory-markers-in-aluminum-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1814</span> Temperature Dependence of the Optoelectronic Properties of InAs(Sb)-Based LED Heterostructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonina%20Semakova">Antonina Semakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Mynbaev"> Karim Mynbaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolai%20Bazhenov"> Nikolai Bazhenov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20Chernyaev"> Anton Chernyaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergei%20Kizhaev"> Sergei Kizhaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolai%20Stoyanov"> Nikolai Stoyanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, heterostructures are used for fabrication of almost all types of optoelectronic devices. Our research focuses on the optoelectronic properties of InAs(Sb) solid solutions that are widely used in fabrication of light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in middle wavelength infrared range (MWIR). This spectral range (2-6 μm) is relevant for laser diode spectroscopy of gases and molecules, for systems for the detection of explosive substances, medical applications, and for environmental monitoring. The fabrication of MWIR LEDs that operate efficiently at room temperature is mainly hindered by the predominance of non-radiative Auger recombination of charge carriers over the process of radiative recombination, which makes practical application of LEDs difficult. However, non-radiative recombination can be partly suppressed in quantum-well structures. In this regard, studies of such structures are quite topical. In this work, electroluminescence (EL) of LED heterostructures based on InAs(Sb) epitaxial films with the molar fraction of InSb ranging from 0 to 0.09 and multi quantum-well (MQW) structures was studied in the temperature range 4.2-300 K. The growth of the heterostructures was performed by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition on InAs substrates. On top of the active layer, a wide-bandgap InAsSb(Ga,P) barrier was formed. At low temperatures (4.2-100 K) stimulated emission was observed. As the temperature increased, the emission became spontaneous. The transition from stimulated emission to spontaneous one occurred at different temperatures for structures with different InSb contents in the active region. The temperature-dependent carrier lifetime, limited by radiative recombination and the most probable Auger processes (for the materials under consideration, CHHS and CHCC), were calculated within the framework of the Kane model. The effect of various recombination processes on the carrier lifetime was studied, and the dominant role of Auger processes was established. For MQW structures quantization energies for electrons, light and heavy holes were calculated. A characteristic feature of the experimental EL spectra of these structures was the presence of peaks with energy different from that of calculated optical transitions between the first quantization levels for electrons and heavy holes. The obtained results showed strong effect of the specific electronic structure of InAsSb on the energy and intensity of optical transitions in nanostructures based on this material. For the structure with MQWs in the active layer, a very weak temperature dependence of EL peak was observed at high temperatures (>150 K), which makes it attractive for fabricating temperature-resistant gas sensors operating in the middle-infrared range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Electroluminescence" title="Electroluminescence">Electroluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAsSb" title=" InAsSb"> InAsSb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20emitting%20diode" title=" light emitting diode"> light emitting diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20wells" title=" quantum wells"> quantum wells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122314/temperature-dependence-of-the-optoelectronic-properties-of-inassb-based-led-heterostructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1813</span> Investigation of the Effects of Gamma Radiation on the Electrically Active Defects in InAs/InGaAs Quantum Dots Laser Structures Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on GaAs Substrates Using Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Al%20Huwayz">M. Al Huwayz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Salhi"> A. Salhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Alhassan"> S. Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Alotaibi"> S. Alotaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Almalki"> A. Almalki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Almunyif"> M.Almunyif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alhassni"> A. Alhassni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Henini"> M. Henini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, there has been much research carried out to investigate quantum dots (QDs) lasers with the aim to increase the gain of quantum well lasers. However, one of the difficulties with these structures is that electrically active defects can lead to serious issues in the performance of these devices. It is therefore essential to fully understand the types of defects introduced during the growth and/or the fabrication process. In this study, the effects of Gamma radiation on the electrically active defects in p-i-n InAs/InGaAsQDs laser structures grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technique on GaAs substrates were investigated. Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS), current-voltage (I-V), and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements were performed to explore these effects on the electrical properties of these QDs lasers. I-V measurements showed that as-grown sample had better electrical properties than the irradiated sample. However, DLTS and Laplace DLTS measurements at different reverse biases revealed that the defects in the-region of the p-i-n structures were decreased in the irradiated sample. In both samples, a trap with an activation energy of ~ 0.21 eV was assigned to the well-known defect M1 in GaAs layers <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dots%20laser%20structures" title="quantum dots laser structures">quantum dots laser structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20radiation" title=" gamma radiation"> gamma radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DLTS" title=" DLTS"> DLTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defects" title=" defects"> defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nAs%2FIngaAs" title=" nAs/IngaAs"> nAs/IngaAs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141942/investigation-of-the-effects-of-gamma-radiation-on-the-electrically-active-defects-in-inasingaas-quantum-dots-laser-structures-grown-by-molecular-beam-epitaxy-on-gaas-substrates-using-deep-level-transient-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1812</span> Process of Dimensioning Small Type Annular Combustors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20B.%20Mohamed">Saleh B. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20H.%20Elhsnawi"> Mohamed H. Elhsnawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesbah%20M.%20Salem"> Mesbah M. Salem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current and future applications of small gas turbine engines annular type combustors have requirements presenting difficult disputes to the combustor designer. Reduced cost and fuel consumption and improved durability and reliability as well as higher temperatures and pressures for such application are forecast. Coupled with these performance requirements, irrespective of the engine size, is the demand to control the pollutant emissions, namely the oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, smoke and unburned hydrocarbons. These technical and environmental challenges have made the design of small size combustion system a very hard task. Thus, the main target of this work is to generalize a calculation method of annular type combustors for small gas turbine engines that enables to understand the fundamental concepts of the coupled processes and to identify the proper procedure that formulates and solves the problems in combustion fields in as much simplified and accurate manner as possible. The combustion chamber in task is designed with central vaporizing unit and to deliver 516.3 KW of power. The geometrical constraints are 142 mm & 140 mm overall length and casing diameter, respectively, while the airflow rate is 0.8 kg/sec and the fuel flow rate is 0.012 kg/sec. The relevant design equations are programmed by using MathCAD language for ease and speed up of the calculation process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20gas%20turbine" title="design of gas turbine">design of gas turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20engine%20design" title=" small engine design"> small engine design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annular%20type%20combustors" title=" annular type combustors"> annular type combustors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20engineering" title=" mechanical engineering"> mechanical engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8537/process-of-dimensioning-small-type-annular-combustors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1811</span> Enzymatic Biomonitoring of Aquatic Pollution at Jeddah Southern Red Sea Shore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Mohamed">Saleh Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20%20El-Shal"> Mohamed El-Shal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taha%20%20Kumosani"> Taha Kumosani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Mal"> Ahmad Mal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssri%20Ahmed"> Youssri Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Almulaiky"> Yasser Almulaiky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The marine environment of the Jeddah southern red sea shore is subjected to increasing anthropogenic activities as sewage sludge draining and desalting processes. The objective of this study is to compare the quantitative responses of enzymatic biomarkers in fish from polluted area with the responses of organism from reference area. Enzymatic biomarkers as neurotoxic, antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes were evaluated in the brain and liver from Variola louti as a sentinel species sampled from both polluted and reference sites in the Jeddah southern red sea shore during four months January, April, July and October in 2014 and 2015. In brain of V. louti, the activity of acetylcholinestease (AChE) collected from reference area significantly increased 8.8 and 10.5 folds than that from polluted area in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) from liver of V. louti in polluted area significantly increased 1.4, 1.27 and 3, 4.5 and 4.37, 2 and 5, 4.5 folds than that from reference area in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The levels of examined enzymes are approximately similar in the four seasons detected in 2014 and 2015 indicating that the similar components of sewage were draining in red sea. In conclusion, these findings suggest the important of enzymatic biomarkers in monitoring the pollution in Jeddah red sea shore. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Variola%20louti" title="Variola louti">Variola louti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20biomarkers" title=" enzymatic biomarkers"> enzymatic biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Red%20sea" title=" Red sea"> Red sea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51299/enzymatic-biomonitoring-of-aquatic-pollution-at-jeddah-southern-red-sea-shore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1810</span> Removal of Lead in High Rate Activated Sludge System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamdouh%20Y.%20Saleh">Mamdouh Y. Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaber%20El%20Enany"> Gaber El Enany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medhat%20H.%20Elzahar"> Medhat H. Elzahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Z.%20Elshikhipy"> Mohamed Z. Elshikhipy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Hamouda"> Rana Hamouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heavy metals pollution in water, sediments and fish of Lake Manzala affected from the disposal of wastewater, industrial and agricultural drainage water into the lake on the environmental situation. A pilot plant with an industrial discharge flow of 135L/h was designed according to the activated sludge plant to simulate between the biological and chemical treatment with the addition of alum to the aeration tank with dosages of 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L. The industrial discharge had concentrations of Lead and BOD5 with an average range 1.22, 145mg/L, respectively. That means the average Pb was high up to 25 times than the allowed permissible concentration. The optimization of the chemical-biological process using 200mg/L alum dosage compared has improvement of Lead and BOD5 removal efficiency to 61.76% and 56%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20wastewater" title="industrial wastewater">industrial wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20sludge" title=" activated sludge"> activated sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BOD5" title=" BOD5"> BOD5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alum%20salt" title=" alum salt"> alum salt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7453/removal-of-lead-in-high-rate-activated-sludge-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1809</span> An Economic Study for Fish Production in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20Elsayed%20Elkheshin">Manal Elsayed Elkheshin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Saleh%20Mansour"> Rasha Saleh Mansour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Fawzy%20Mohamed%20Eldnasury"> Mohamed Fawzy Mohamed Eldnasury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamdouh%20Elbadry%20Mohamed"> Mamdouh Elbadry Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research Aims to identify the main factors affecting the production and the fish consumption in Egypt, through the econometric estimation for various forms functions of fish production and fish consumption during the period (1991-2014), as the aim of this research to forecast the production and the fish consumption in Egypt until 2020, through determine the best standard methods using (ARIMA).This research also aims to the economic feasibility of the production of fish in aquaculture farms study; investment cost and represents the value of land, buildings, equipment and irrigation. Aquaculture requires three types of fish (Tilapia, carp fish, and mullet fish), and the total area of the farm, about an acre. The annual Fish production from this project about 3.5 tons. The annual investment costs of about 50500 pounds, Find conclude that the project can repay the cost of their investments after about 4 years and 5 months, and therefore recommend the implementation of the project, and internal rate of return reached (IRR) of about 22.1%, where it is clear that the rate of large internal rate of return, and achieves pound invested in this project annual return is estimated at 22.1 pounds, more than the opportunity cost, so we recommend the need to implement the project.Recommendations:1. Increasing the fish agriculture to decrease the gap of animal protein. 2.Increasing the number of mechanism fishing boats, and the provision of transport equipped to maintain the quality of fish production. 3.Encourage and attract the local and foreign investments, providing advice to the investor on the aquaculture field. 4. Action newsletters awareness of the importance of these projects where these projects resulted in a net profit after recovery in less than five years, IRR amounted to about 23%, which is much more than the opportunity cost of a bank interest rate is about 7%, helping to create work and graduates opportunities, and contribute to the reduction of imports of the fish, and improve the performance of the food trade balance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equation%20model" title="equation model">equation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20share" title=" individual share"> individual share</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20meat" title=" red meat"> red meat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption" title=" consumption"> consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endogenous%20variable" title=" endogenous variable"> endogenous variable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exogenous%20variable" title=" exogenous variable"> exogenous variable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20performance%20evaluates%20fish%20culture" title=" financial performance evaluates fish culture"> financial performance evaluates fish culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feasibility%20study" title=" feasibility study"> feasibility study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20production" title=" fish production"> fish production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaculture" title=" aquaculture"> aquaculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44038/an-economic-study-for-fish-production-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1808</span> Esophageal Premalignant and Malignant Epithelial Lesions: Pathological Characteristics and Value of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Mohamed%20Abd%20Elmoneim">Hanan Mohamed Abd Elmoneim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawan%20Saleh%20AlJawi"> Rawan Saleh AlJawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razan%20Saleh%20AlJawi"> Razan Saleh AlJawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aseel%20Abdullah%20AlMasoudi"> Aseel Abdullah AlMasoudi </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zyad%20Adnan%20Turkistani"> Zyad Adnan Turkistani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20Abdulkarim%20Alkhoutani"> Anas Abdulkarim Alkhoutani </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ohood%20Musaed%20AlJuhani"> Ohood Musaed AlJuhani </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Attiyah%20AlZahrani"> Hanan Attiyah AlZahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. More than 90% of esophageal cancers are either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Squamous dysplasia is a precancerous lesion for squamous cell carcinoma and Barrett's esophagus is the precancerous lesion for adenocarcinoma. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the initiation factor for Barrett's esophagus. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in arachidonic metabolism. It appears to play an important role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. COX-2 activity may be a potential target for the prevention of cancer progression by selective COX-2 inhibitors, which decrease proliferation and increase apoptosis. Objectives To assess COX-2 expression in premalignant and malignant esophageal epitheliums changes and detect its roles in progression of these lesions. Materials and Methods We analyzed the expression of COX-2 immunohistochemically in 40 esophageal biopsies utilizing the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method on archival formalin fixed-paraffin embedded blocks. Histopathologically, 17 (42.5%) of cases were non-malignant cases which included GERD, Barrett's esophagus and squamous dysplasia. The malignant cases were 23 (57.5%) squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Results In non-malignant cases 7 (41.2%) out of 17 cases had high COX-2 expression. In squamous cell carcinoma 10 (83.3%) out of 12 cases had high COX-2 expression. The expression of COX-2 was high in all 9 (100%) cases of adenocarcinoma. COX-2 expression is significantly increased (P=0.005 and P=0.0001) in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma respectively. There was a significant difference in COX-2 immunoreactivity between malignant and non-malignant lesions (P=0.0003). Conclusion COX-2 is responsible for the progression of esophageal diseases from benign to malignant. We recommend that COX-2 immunohistochemistry should be done routinely for premalignant and malignant esophageal lesions as selective COX-2 inhibitors will be helpful in the treatment. Further studies on molecular and genetic basis of COX-2 expression are needed to unmask its role and relation to progression of esophageal lesions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cox-2" title="Cox-2">Cox-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esophageal%20adinocarcinoma" title=" Esophageal adinocarcinoma"> Esophageal adinocarcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esophageal%20squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma"> Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Immunohistochemistry." title=" Immunohistochemistry. "> Immunohistochemistry. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43810/esophageal-premalignant-and-malignant-epithelial-lesions-pathological-characteristics-and-value-of-cyclooxygenase-2-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1807</span> Understanding the Fundamental Driver of Semiconductor Radiation Tolerance with Experiment and Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julie%20V.%20Logan">Julie V. Logan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preston%20T.%20Webster"> Preston T. Webster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20B.%20Woller"> Kevin B. Woller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20P.%20Morath"> Christian P. Morath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20P.%20Short"> Michael P. Short</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Semiconductors, as the base of critical electronic systems, are exposed to damaging radiation while operating in space, nuclear reactors, and particle accelerator environments. What innate property allows some semiconductors to sustain little damage while others accumulate defects rapidly with dose is, at present, poorly understood. This limits the extent to which radiation tolerance can be implemented as a design criterion. To address this problem of determining the driver of semiconductor radiation tolerance, the first step is to generate a dataset of the relative radiation tolerance of a large range of semiconductors (exposed to the same radiation damage and characterized in the same way). To accomplish this, Rutherford backscatter channeling experiments are used to compare the displaced lattice atom buildup in InAs, InP, GaP, GaN, ZnO, MgO, and Si as a function of step-wise alpha particle dose. With this experimental information on radiation-induced incorporation of interstitial defects in hand, hybrid density functional theory electron densities (and their derived quantities) are calculated, and their gradient and Laplacian are evaluated to obtain key fundamental information about the interactions in each material. It is shown that simple, undifferentiated values (which are typically used to describe bond strength) are insufficient to predict radiation tolerance. Instead, the curvature of the electron density at bond critical points provides a measure of radiation tolerance consistent with the experimental results obtained. This curvature and associated forces surrounding bond critical points disfavors localization of displaced lattice atoms at these points, favoring their diffusion toward perfect lattice positions. With this criterion to predict radiation tolerance, simple density functional theory simulations can be conducted on potential new materials to gain insight into how they may operate in demanding high radiation environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory" title="density functional theory">density functional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN" title=" GaN"> GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaP" title=" GaP"> GaP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAs" title=" InAs"> InAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InP" title=" InP"> InP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MgO" title=" MgO"> MgO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20tolerance" title=" radiation tolerance"> radiation tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rutherford%20backscatter%20channeling" title=" rutherford backscatter channeling"> rutherford backscatter channeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144557/understanding-the-fundamental-driver-of-semiconductor-radiation-tolerance-with-experiment-and-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1806</span> Level of Behavioral Development for Hepatitis C Virus Cases Versus Their Contacts: Does Infection Make a Difference and What Is Beyond?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammal%20M.%20Metwally">Ammal M. Metwally</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lobna%20A.%20ElEtreby"> Lobna A. ElEtreby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehan%20M.%20Saleh"> Rehan M. Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Abdrabou"> Ghada Abdrabou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somia%20I.%20Salama"> Somia I. Salama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Orabi"> Amira Orabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abdelrahman"> Mohamed Abdelrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hepatitis C virus infection is a public health threat in Egypt. To control infection, efforts should be spent to encourage healthy behavior. This study aimed to assess the level of behavioral development in order to create a positive environment for the adoption of the recommended behaviors. The study was conducted over one year from Jan. 2011 till Jan. 2012. Knowledge, attitude and behavior of 540 HCV patients and 102 of their contacts were assessed and the level of behavioral development was determined. The study revealed that the majority of patients and contacts knew that HCV infection is dangerous with perceived concern for early diagnosis and treatment. More than 75% knew the correct modes of transmission. The assessment showed positive attitudes towards the recommended practices with the intention to adopt those practices. Strategies to create opportunities to continue the recommended behaviors should be adopted together with the reinforcement of social support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20C%20virus" title="hepatitis C virus">hepatitis C virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20of%20behavioral%20development" title=" level of behavioral development"> level of behavioral development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recommended%20behaviors" title=" recommended behaviors"> recommended behaviors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2281/level-of-behavioral-development-for-hepatitis-c-virus-cases-versus-their-contacts-does-infection-make-a-difference-and-what-is-beyond" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1805</span> Goblet cells and Mucin Related Gene Expression in Mice Infected with Eimeria papillata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Dkhil">Mohamed A. Dkhil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Delic">Denis Delic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Al-Quraishy"> Saleh Al-Quraishy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coccidiosis causes considerable economic loss in the poultry industry. The current study aimed to investigate the response of goblet cells as well as the induced tissue damage during Eimeria papilata infection. Mice were infected with sporulated E. papillata oocyts. On day 5 post-infection, the fecal output was determined. Also, the jejunum was prepared for the histological, histochemical and molecular studies. Our results revealed that the intestinal coccidian infection with E. papillata induced a marked goblet cell hypoplasia and depleted mucus secretion. Also, the infection was able to alter the jejuna architecture and increased the apoptotic cells inside the villi. In addition, the real time PCR results indicated that, the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, iNOS, IFN-y and IL-1β were significantly up-regulated. In contrast, the mRNA expression patterns of IL-6 in response to E. papillata infection did not differ significantly between control and infected mice. Moreover, the mRNA expression of TLR4 was significantly up-regulated, whereas the expression of MUC2 is significantly down-regulated upon infection. Further studies are required to understand the regulatory mechanisms of goblet cells related genes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goblet%20cells" title="goblet cells">goblet cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eimeria%20papillata" title=" Eimeria papillata"> Eimeria papillata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mice" title=" mice"> mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jejunum" title=" jejunum"> jejunum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3196/goblet-cells-and-mucin-related-gene-expression-in-mice-infected-with-eimeria-papillata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1804</span> Sudan’s Approach to Knowledge Management in Disaster Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abdalla%20Elamein%20Boshara">Mohamed Abdalla Elamein Boshara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Charles%20Woods"> Peter Charles Woods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour%20Eldin%20Mohamed%20Elshaiekh"> Nour Eldin Mohamed Elshaiekh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge Management has become very important for Disaster Management response and planning. This paper proposes the implementation of a Knowledge Management System with a sustainable data collection mechanism for reliable and timely information management to support decision makers in making the right decisions in the timely manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20management" title="knowledge management">knowledge management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20management" title=" disaster management"> disaster management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incident%20tracking" title=" incident tracking"> incident tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20application" title=" web application"> web application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18077/sudans-approach-to-knowledge-management-in-disaster-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">782</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1803</span> Enamel Structure Defect, the Rare Dental Anomaly: Isolated or Syndromic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehal%20F.%20Hassib">Nehal F. Hassib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20M.%20El%20Hossini"> Rasha M. El Hossini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20M.%20Sayed"> Inas M. Sayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20R.%20Abouzeid"> Maha R. Abouzeid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nermeen%20A.%20Bayoumi"> Nermeen A. Bayoumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aida%20M.%20Mosaad"> Aida M. Mosaad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamia%20K.%20Gadallah"> Lamia K. Gadallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moataz%20Bellah%20A.%20T.%20%20Abdelbari"> Moataz Bellah A. T. Abdelbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20A.%20El-Sayed"> Heba A. El-Sayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasnaa%20Elbendary"> Hasnaa Elbendary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Abdel-Salam"> Ghada Abdel-Salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Zaki"> Maha Zaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20I.%20Mostafa"> Mostafa I. Mostafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20Abdel-Hamid"> Mohamed S. Abdel-Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enamel, the outermost layer of the tooth crown, is the hardest dental tissue and serves as a protective barrier. Amelogenesis, the process of enamel formation, is regulated by multiple genes to ensure normal, defect-free enamel. Defective enamel manifests as hypoplasia or as amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), which may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome. This study presents 29 patients from 18 unrelated families (16 females and 13 males) who exhibited distinctive enamel abnormalities. We conducted thorough clinical examinations and requested laboratory and radiological investigations. Blood samples were collected for molecular analysis, utilizing a targeted panel for known AI variants and whole exome sequencing for unknown variants. Eleven variants linked to enamel anomalies were identified: four genes associated with isolated AI (WDR72, ACP4, SLC24A4, and FAM83H) and seven associated with syndromic forms, including enamel renal syndrome (FAM20A), tricho-dento-osseous syndrome (DLX3), Jalili syndrome (CNNM4), and others linked to neurological and mitochondrial disorders, skeletal dysplasia, and peroxisome disorders. Abnormal oral and dental phenotypes in individuals may indicate serious inherited disorders. Enamel defects have significant implications for aesthetics, function, and patients' psychological well-being. Dental examination, alongside clinical and molecular investigations, is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and prediction of inherited conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amelogenesis%20imperfecta" title="amelogenesis imperfecta">amelogenesis imperfecta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enamel%20defect" title=" enamel defect"> enamel defect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enamel%20renal%20syndrome" title=" Enamel renal syndrome"> Enamel renal syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DLX3" title=" DLX3"> DLX3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalili%20syndrome" title=" Jalili syndrome"> Jalili syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WDR72" title=" WDR72"> WDR72</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FAM83H" title=" FAM83H"> FAM83H</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20exome%20sequencing" title=" whole exome sequencing"> whole exome sequencing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191884/enamel-structure-defect-the-rare-dental-anomaly-isolated-or-syndromic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1802</span> Experimental Study on Friction Factor of Oscillating Flow Through a Regenerator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sa%C3%AFd%20Kahaleras">Mohamed Saïd Kahaleras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Lanzetta"> François Lanzetta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Khan"> Mohamed Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guillaume%20Layes"> Guillaume Layes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Nika"> Philippe Nika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an experimental work to characterize the dynamic operation of a metal regenerator crossed by dry compressible air alternating flow. Unsteady dynamic measurements concern the pressure, velocity and temperature of the gas at the ends and inside the channels of the regenerator. The regenerators are tested under isothermal conditions and thermal axial temperature gradient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20factor" title="friction factor">friction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillating%20flow" title=" oscillating flow"> oscillating flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerator" title=" regenerator"> regenerator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stirling%20machine" title=" stirling machine"> stirling machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2336/experimental-study-on-friction-factor-of-oscillating-flow-through-a-regenerator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1801</span> Effects of Flexible Flat Feet on Electromyographic Activity of Erector Spinae and Multifidus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdallah%20Mohamed%20Kamel%20Mohamed%20Ali">Abdallah Mohamed Kamel Mohamed Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samah%20Saad%20Zahran"> Samah Saad Zahran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hamed%20Rashad"> Mohamed Hamed Rashad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Flexible flatfoot (FFF) has been considered as a risk factor for several lower limb injuries and mechanical low back pain. This was attributed to the dysfunction of the lumbopelvic-hip complex musculature. Objective: To investigate the influence of FFF on electromyographic activities of erector spinae and multifidus. Methods: A cross-section study was held between an FFF group (20 subjects) and a normal foot group (20 subjects). A surface electromyography was used to assess the electromyographic activity of erector spinae and multifidus. Group differences were assessed by the T-test. Results: There was a significant increase in EMG activities of erector spinae and multifidus in the FFF group compared with the normal group. Conclusion: There is an increase in EMG activities in erector spinae and multifidus in FFF subjects compared with normal subjects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title="electromyography">electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flatfoot" title=" flatfoot"> flatfoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20back%20pain" title=" low back pain"> low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraspinal%20muscles" title=" paraspinal muscles"> paraspinal muscles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120916/effects-of-flexible-flat-feet-on-electromyographic-activity-of-erector-spinae-and-multifidus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20Mohamed%20Saleh&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20Mohamed%20Saleh&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20Mohamed%20Saleh&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20Mohamed%20Saleh&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20Mohamed%20Saleh&page=6">6</a></li> <li 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