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Here we report on the combined results from three state-of-the-art measurements to directly observe these deformations in $^{190}$Pb. Contrary to earlier interpretations, we associate the collective yrast band as predominantly oblate, while the non-yrast band with higher collectivity follows characteristics of more deformed, predominantly prolate bands. Direct measurement of the $E0({0}_{2}^{+}\to {0}_{1}^{+})$ transition and γ-e$^{−}$ coincidence relations allowed us to locate and firmly assign the ${0}_{2}^{+}$ state in the level scheme and to discover a spherical ${2}_{3}^{+}$ state at 1281(1) keV with $B(E2;{2}_{3}^{+}\to {0}_{1}^{+})=1.2(3)$ W.u. These assignments are based purely on observed transition probabilities and monopole strength values, and do not rely on model calculations for their interpretation. Montes Plaza, Adrian; Pakarinen, Janne; Papadakis, Philippos; Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar; Julin, Rauno; Rodríguez, Tomás R; Briscoe, Andrew D; Illana, Andrés; Ojala, Joonas; Ruotsalainen, Panu; Uusikylä, Eetu; Alayed, Betool; Alharbi, Ahmed; Alonso-Sañudo, Odette; Auranen, Kalle; Bogdanoff, Ville; Chadderton, Jamie; Esmaylzadeh, Arwin; Fransen, Christoph; Grahn, Tuomas; Greenlees, Paul T; Jolie, Jan; Joukainen, Henna; Jutila, Henri; Lakenbrink, Casper-David; Leino, Matti; Louko, Jussi; Luoma, Minna; McCarter, Adam; Nara Singh, Bondili Sreenivasa; Rahkila, Panu; Raggio, Andrea; Romero, Jorge; Sarén, Jan; Satrazani, Maria-Magdalini; Stryjczyk, Marek; Sullivan, Conor M; Tolosa-Delgado, Álvaro; Uusitalo, Juha; von Spee, Franziskus; Warbinek, Jessica; Zimba, George L" /> <meta name="keywords" content="CERN Document Server, WebSearch, CERN Document Server" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script>  <meta content="Springer : Direct measurement of three different deformations near the ground state in an atomic nucleus" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Montes Plaza, Adrian" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Lakenbrink, Casper-David" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Stryjczyk, Marek" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="von Spee, Franziskus" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Sullivan, Conor M" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Luoma, Minna" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Fransen, Christoph" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Greenlees, Paul T" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Jolie, Jan" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Ruotsalainen, Panu" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Rahkila, Panu" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Bogdanoff, Ville" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Illana, Andrés" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Nara Singh, Bondili Sreenivasa" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Leino, Matti" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Raggio, Andrea" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Sarén, Jan" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Julin, Rauno" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Warbinek, Jessica" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="McCarter, Adam" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Papadakis, Philippos" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Esmaylzadeh, Arwin" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Ojala, Joonas" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Satrazani, Maria-Magdalini" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Tolosa-Delgado, Álvaro" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Uusikylä, Eetu" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Uusitalo, Juha" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Zimba, George L" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Louko, Jussi" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Chadderton, Jamie" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Jutila, Henri" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Romero, Jorge" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Joukainen, Henna" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Alonso-Sañudo, Odette" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Pakarinen, Janne" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Alharbi, Ahmed" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Alayed, Betool" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Auranen, Kalle" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Briscoe, Andrew D" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Rodríguez, Tomás R" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Grahn, Tuomas" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="10.1038/s42005-024-01928-8" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="Commun. 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var affiliation = $(this).data('affiliation') + '</br>'; var contribution = $(this).data('contribution') + '</br>'; $.magnificPopup.open({ items: { src: '<div id="ovelary-mathjax" class="overlay-white oc-content overlay-white-500">' + author + affiliation + contribution + '</div>', type: 'inline' }, callbacks: { open: function() { var div = document.getElementById("overlay-mathjax") MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub, div]); }, } }) }) }); </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>Direct measurement of three different deformations near the ground state in an atomic nucleus</b></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> Author(s) </span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"> <script type="text/javascript"> function toggle_authors_visibility(){ var more = document.getElementById('more'); var link = document.getElementById('link'); var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); if (more.style.display=='none'){ more.style.display = ''; extension.style.display = 'none'; link.innerHTML = "Hide" } else { more.style.display = 'none'; extension.style.display = ''; link.innerHTML = "Show all 42 authors" } link.style.color = "rgb(204,0,0);" } function set_up(){ var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); extension.innerHTML = ""; toggle_authors_visibility(); } </script> <a name="show_hide" /><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Montes%20Plaza%2C%20Adrian&ln=en">Montes Plaza, Adrian</a> (Liverpool U. ; Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Pakarinen%2C%20Janne&ln=en">Pakarinen, Janne</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Papadakis%2C%20Philippos&ln=en">Papadakis, Philippos</a> (Daresbury) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Herzberg%2C%20Rolf-Dietmar&ln=en">Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar</a> (Liverpool U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Julin%2C%20Rauno&ln=en">Julin, Rauno</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Rodr%C3%ADguez%2C%20Tom%C3%A1s%20R&ln=en">Rodríguez, Tomás R</a> (Madrid U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Briscoe%2C%20Andrew%20D&ln=en">Briscoe, Andrew D</a> (Jyvaskyla U. ; Liverpool U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Illana%2C%20Andr%C3%A9s&ln=en">Illana, Andrés</a> (Jyvaskyla U. ; Madrid U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Ojala%2C%20Joonas&ln=en">Ojala, Joonas</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Ruotsalainen%2C%20Panu&ln=en">Ruotsalainen, Panu</a> (Jyvaskyla U.)<span id="more" style=""> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Uusikyl%C3%A4%2C%20Eetu&ln=en">Uusikylä, Eetu</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Alayed%2C%20Betool&ln=en">Alayed, Betool</a> (Liverpool U. ; Qassim U. ; Khartoum U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Alharbi%2C%20Ahmed&ln=en">Alharbi, Ahmed</a> (Liverpool U. ; Qassim U. ; Khartoum U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Alonso-Sa%C3%B1udo%2C%20Odette&ln=en">Alonso-Sañudo, Odette</a> (Madrid U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Auranen%2C%20Kalle&ln=en">Auranen, Kalle</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bogdanoff%2C%20Ville&ln=en">Bogdanoff, Ville</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Chadderton%2C%20Jamie&ln=en">Chadderton, Jamie</a> (Liverpool U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Esmaylzadeh%2C%20Arwin&ln=en">Esmaylzadeh, Arwin</a> (Cologne U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Fransen%2C%20Christoph&ln=en">Fransen, Christoph</a> (Cologne U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Grahn%2C%20Tuomas&ln=en">Grahn, Tuomas</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Greenlees%2C%20Paul%20T&ln=en">Greenlees, Paul T</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Jolie%2C%20Jan&ln=en">Jolie, Jan</a> (Cologne U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Joukainen%2C%20Henna&ln=en">Joukainen, Henna</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Jutila%2C%20Henri&ln=en">Jutila, Henri</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lakenbrink%2C%20Casper-David&ln=en">Lakenbrink, Casper-David</a> (Cologne U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Leino%2C%20Matti&ln=en">Leino, Matti</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Louko%2C%20Jussi&ln=en">Louko, Jussi</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Luoma%2C%20Minna&ln=en">Luoma, Minna</a> (Jyvaskyla U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=McCarter%2C%20Adam&ln=en">McCarter, Adam</a> (Liverpool U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Nara%20Singh%2C%20Bondili%20Sreenivasa&ln=en">Nara Singh, Bondili Sreenivasa</a> (West Scotland U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Rahkila%2C%20Panu&ln=en">Rahkila, Panu</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Raggio%2C%20Andrea&ln=en">Raggio, Andrea</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Romero%2C%20Jorge&ln=en">Romero, Jorge</a> (Liverpool U. ; Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Sar%C3%A9n%2C%20Jan&ln=en">Sarén, Jan</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Satrazani%2C%20Maria-Magdalini&ln=en">Satrazani, Maria-Magdalini</a> (Liverpool U. ; Leuven U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Stryjczyk%2C%20Marek&ln=en">Stryjczyk, Marek</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Sullivan%2C%20Conor%20M&ln=en">Sullivan, Conor M</a> (Liverpool U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Tolosa-Delgado%2C%20%C3%81lvaro&ln=en">Tolosa-Delgado, Álvaro</a> (Jyvaskyla U. ; CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Uusitalo%2C%20Juha&ln=en">Uusitalo, Juha</a> (Jyvaskyla U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=von%20Spee%2C%20Franziskus&ln=en">von Spee, Franziskus</a> (Cologne U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Warbinek%2C%20Jessica&ln=en">Warbinek, Jessica</a> (Darmstadt, GSI ; Mainz U. ; CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Zimba%2C%20George%20L&ln=en">Zimba, George L</a> (Jyvaskyla U. ; Michigan State U.)</span> <span id="extension"></span> <small><i><a id="link" href="#" onclick="toggle_authors_visibility()" style="color:rgb(204,0,0);"></a></i></small><script type="text/javascript">set_up()</script></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2025</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">9</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42005-024-01928-8"><i>Commun. Phys.</i> 8 (2025) 8</a> </a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> DOI </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42005-024-01928-8" title="DOI" target="_blank">10.1038/s42005-024-01928-8</a> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Nuclear Physics - Experiment</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Atomic nuclei serve as prime laboratories for investigations of complex quantum phenomena, where minor nucleon rearrangements cause significant structural changes. $^{190}$Pb is the heaviest known neutron-deficient Pb isotope that can exhibit three distinct shapes: prolate, oblate, and spherical, with nearly degenerate excitation energies. Here we report on the combined results from three state-of-the-art measurements to directly observe these deformations in $^{190}$Pb. Contrary to earlier interpretations, we associate the collective yrast band as predominantly oblate, while the non-yrast band with higher collectivity follows characteristics of more deformed, predominantly prolate bands. Direct measurement of the $E0({0}_{2}^{+}\to {0}_{1}^{+})$ transition and γ-e$^{−}$ coincidence relations allowed us to locate and firmly assign the ${0}_{2}^{+}$ state in the level scheme and to discover a spherical ${2}_{3}^{+}$ state at 1281(1) keV with $B(E2;{2}_{3}^{+}\to {0}_{1}^{+})=1.2(3)$ W.u. These assignments are based purely on observed transition probabilities and monopole strength values, and do not rely on model calculations for their interpretation.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">© 2025 The Author(s) (License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0</a>)</td></tr> </table> <br/>Corresponding record in: <a href="http://inspirehep.net/record/2865244">Inspire</a> <small> </small> <br/> <br/><br/><div align="right"><div style="padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:30px;"><span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"> <a href="" class="moreinfo">Back to search</a> </span></div></div> <div class="bottom-left-folded"><div class="recordlastmodifiedbox" style="position:relative;margin-left:1px"> Record created 2025-02-18, last modified 2025-02-18</div></div> <div class="bottom-right-folded" style="text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px;"> <span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br /> <div class="detailedrecordminipanel"> <div class="top-left"></div><div class="top-right"></div> <div class="inside"> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelfile" style="width:33%;float:left;text-align:center;margin-top:0"> <div><small class="detailedRecordActions">Fulltext:</small> <br /><a href="/record/2924584/files/document.pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-34x48.gif" alt="Download fulltext" /><br />PDF</a><br /></div> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelreview" style="width:30%;float:left;text-align:center"> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelactions" style="width:36%;float:right;text-align:right;"> <ul class="detailedrecordactions"> <li><a href="/yourbaskets/add?ln=en&recid=2924584">Add to personal basket</a></li> <li>Export as <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924584/export/hx?ln=en">BibTeX</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924584/export/hm?ln=en">MARC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924584/export/xm?ln=en">MARCXML</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924584/export/xd?ln=en">DC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924584/export/xe?ln=en">EndNote</a>,  <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924584/export/xn?ln=en">NLM</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924584/export/xw?ln=en">RefWorks</a> </li> </ul> <div style='padding-left: 13px;'>  <div id="bookmark"></div> <div id="bookmark_sciencewise"></div> <style type="text/css"> #bookmark_sciencewise, #bookmark {float: left;} #bookmark_sciencewise li {padding: 2px; width: 25px;} #bookmark_sciencewise ul, #bookmark ul {list-style-image: none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.bookmark.min.js"></script> <style type="text/css">@import "/css/jquery.bookmark.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $.bookmark.addSite('sciencewise', 'ScienceWise.info', 'https://cds.cern.ch/img/sciencewise.png', 'en', 'bookmark', 'http://sciencewise.info/bookmarks/cds:2924584/add'); $('#bookmark_sciencewise').bookmark({sites: ['sciencewise']}); $('#bookmark').bookmark({ sites: ['facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'google_plusone'], icons: '/img/bookmarks.png', url: 'https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924584', addEmail: true, title: "Direct measurement of three different deformations near the ground state in an atomic nucleus", description: "Atomic nuclei serve as prime laboratories for investigations of complex quantum phenomena, where minor nucleon rearrangements cause significant structural changes. $^{190}$Pb is the heaviest known neutron-deficient Pb isotope that can exhibit three distinct shapes: prolate, oblate, and spherical, with nearly degenerate excitation energies. Here we report on the combined results from three state-of-the-art measurements to directly observe these deformations in $^{190}$Pb. Contrary to earlier interpretations, we associate the collective yrast band as predominantly oblate, while the non-yrast band with higher collectivity follows characteristics of more deformed, predominantly prolate bands. Direct measurement of the $E0({0}_{2}^{+}\\to {0}_{1}^{+})$ transition and \u03b3-e$^{\u2212}$ coincidence relations allowed us to locate and firmly assign the ${0}_{2}^{+}$ state in the level scheme and to discover a spherical ${2}_{3}^{+}$ state at 1281(1)\u2009keV with $B(E2;{2}_{3}^{+}\\to {0}_{1}^{+})=1.2(3)$ W.u. These assignments are based purely on observed transition probabilities and monopole strength values, and do not rely on model calculations for their interpretation." }); // ]]> </script>  </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom: 0;"></div> </div> <div class="bottom-left"></div><div class="bottom-right"></div> </div> </div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix">  <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/content-policy" target="_blank">Content Policy</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/terms" target="_blank">Terms and Conditions</a> <br /> Powered by <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Maintained by <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? 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