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class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sutro_Tower&params=37.75523_N_122.45284_W_region:US-CA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°45′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°27′10″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.75523°N 122.45284°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.75523; -122.45284</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">TV and radio antenna tower in San Francisco</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Sutro Tower</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg/250px-Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="399" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg/375px-Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg/500px-Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2467" data-file-height="3942" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Sutro Tower viewed from Grandview Park in San Francisco</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_San_Francisco_Central.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location within San Francisco"><img alt="Location within San Francisco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Location_map_San_Francisco_Central.png/240px-Location_map_San_Francisco_Central.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Location_map_San_Francisco_Central.png/360px-Location_map_San_Francisco_Central.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Location_map_San_Francisco_Central.png/480px-Location_map_San_Francisco_Central.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="742" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.6%;left:28%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sutro Tower"><img alt="Location within San Francisco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Completed</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Radio_masts" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio masts">Radio mast</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">San Francisco, California</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data">1 La Avanzada Street<br /><a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Heights">Clarendon Heights</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sutro_Tower&params=37.75523_N_122.45284_W_region:US-CA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°45′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°27′10″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.75523°N 122.45284°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.75523; -122.45284</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">254.2 m (834 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">July 4, 1973<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">July 4, 1973</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Sutro Tower, Inc.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">Height</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Antenna spire</th><td class="infobox-data">297.8 m (977 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-FCCEIR_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCCEIR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observatory</th><td class="infobox-data">on Level 6, 228.8 m (751 ft) above base</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>base triangle legs spaced 45.7 m (150 ft) on a side</li><li>waist triangle legs spaced 18.3 m (60 ft) on a side</li><li>antenna triangle spaced 30.5 m (100 ft) on a side</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Structural system</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Truss" title="Truss">Truss tower</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Furman L. Anderson Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architecture firm</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Kline Iron & Steel</li><li>Albert C. Martin and Associates</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">Renovating team</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Engineer</th><td class="infobox-data">Simpson Gumpertz & Heger</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sutrotower.com">sutrotower<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed;color:#000;">References</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sutro Tower</b> is a unique three-legged 297.8 m (977 ft) tall TV and radio <a href="/wiki/Lattice_tower" title="Lattice tower">lattice tower</a> located in San Francisco, California. Rising from a hill between <a href="/wiki/Twin_Peaks_(San_Francisco)" title="Twin Peaks (San Francisco)">Twin Peaks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sutro" title="Mount Sutro">Mount Sutro</a> near <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Heights">Clarendon Heights</a>, it is a prominent feature of the city skyline and a landmark for city residents and visitors. The tower was the tallest structure in San Francisco from the time of its completion in 1973 until it was surpassed by the <a href="/wiki/Salesforce_Tower" title="Salesforce Tower">Salesforce Tower</a> in 2018<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>The tower is named after Mount Sutro.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adolph Gilbert Sutro, grandson of former mayor <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Sutro" title="Adolph Sutro">Adolph Sutro</a>, built a mansion, <i>La Avanzada</i>, on the family property in the highest peaks of San Francisco. In 1948, the mansion and property was sold to the <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">American Broadcasting Company</a>, where it became the original home of their San Francisco operation as <a href="/wiki/KGO-TV" title="KGO-TV">KGO Television</a>. KGO then formed a consortium with <a href="/wiki/KTVU" title="KTVU">KTVU</a>, <a href="/wiki/KRON-TV" title="KRON-TV">KRON</a>, and <a href="/wiki/KPIX-TV" title="KPIX-TV">KPIX</a>, the three other major San Francisco television broadcasters at the time, to build and maintain the tower. It stands 297.8 m (977 ft) above ground and 552 m (1,811 ft) above sea level. It is the second tallest structure in the city by ground-to-tip height, though its mountain location overlooks the city's downtown skyscrapers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutro_Tower&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutro_Tower_during_antenna_modifications,_January_2020.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sutro_Tower_during_antenna_modifications%2C_January_2020.JPG/220px-Sutro_Tower_during_antenna_modifications%2C_January_2020.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sutro_Tower_during_antenna_modifications%2C_January_2020.JPG/330px-Sutro_Tower_during_antenna_modifications%2C_January_2020.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sutro_Tower_during_antenna_modifications%2C_January_2020.JPG/440px-Sutro_Tower_during_antenna_modifications%2C_January_2020.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3649" data-file-height="2738" /></a><figcaption>The tower in 2020 during antenna modifications</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the construction of Sutro Tower in 1973, television reception in San Francisco was spotty because the many hills of the city blocked the line-of-sight television signal. The great height of the new tower helped to resolve that problem. Transmitters had been scattered throughout the Bay Area, including at <a href="/wiki/San_Bruno_Mountain" title="San Bruno Mountain">San Bruno Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Allison" title="Mount Allison">Mt. Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monument_Peak_(Milpitas,_California)" title="Monument Peak (Milpitas, California)">Monument Peak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mt._Diablo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Diablo">Mt. Diablo</a>. By having all the main Bay Area television station transmitters in one location, reception was improved by allowing a receiving antenna pointed in a single direction to receive all those stations rather than a subset. </p><p>Local residents opposed the tower even before it was completed, including criticism of the aesthetic effect the tower would have on the rest of San Francisco. San Francisco writer <a href="/wiki/Herb_Caen" title="Herb Caen">Herb Caen</a> once wrote, "I keep waiting for it to stalk down the hill and attack the Golden Gate Bridge."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When first built, the long legs of the tower were illuminated at night with long tubes of white light that looked like long fluorescent tubes. However, public outcry resulted in the lights being removed soon after they were turned on.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Despite the initial revulsion of some residents, Sutro Tower is now recognized by many as a Bay Area icon.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A local entertainment guide, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=SF_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SF Station (page does not exist)">SF Station</a></i>, uses it as a logo, as does the collaborative <a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">art game</a> <i><a href="/wiki/SFZero" title="SFZero">SFZero</a></i>. In 2022, Sutro Tower was included in the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Forbidden_West" title="Horizon Forbidden West">Horizon Forbidden West</a></i> as one of the prominent landmarks in the San Francisco area.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 2019, one of the three upper antenna assemblies was temporarily removed for the installation of new antennas for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a> <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_wireless_spectrum_auction#Repacking" title="2016 United States wireless spectrum auction">spectrum repacking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antenna installation for the repacking was completed on May 1, 2020. Additionally, "To accommodate some final project cleanup work, some stations will broadcast from their auxiliary antennas intermittently between mid-July and mid-August."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutro_Tower&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sutro_Tower" title="Special:EditPage/Sutro Tower">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutro_Tower_HiRes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sutro_Tower_HiRes.jpg/100px-Sutro_Tower_HiRes.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="551" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sutro_Tower_HiRes.jpg/150px-Sutro_Tower_HiRes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sutro_Tower_HiRes.jpg/200px-Sutro_Tower_HiRes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="16264" /></a><figcaption>Tower, including base</figcaption></figure> <p>Construction began in 1971 by <a href="/wiki/Kline_Iron_and_Steel" title="Kline Iron and Steel">Kline Towers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia, South Carolina</a>. The tower was completed in 1973, with the first transmissions on July 4, 1973. Approximately 3,750 m<sup>3</sup> (132,000 cu ft) of concrete were used to make the foundation of the 1,700 ton (3.7 million pound) tower. Earthquake proofing includes ballasting two-thirds of the weight of the structure below ground, resulting in a center of gravity at sixteen feet below ground level. It is used to transmit the signals of eleven television stations and four <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> radio stations and for various other communications services. </p><p>The tower is owned by Sutro Tower Inc., a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonprofit">nonprofit</a> corporation, which in turn is owned by a <a href="/wiki/Consortium" title="Consortium">consortium</a> of the four major television broadcasters in San Francisco at the time of its construction: <a href="/wiki/KTVU" title="KTVU">KTVU</a> (previously owned by <a href="/wiki/Cox_Media_Group" title="Cox Media Group">Cox Media Group</a>, now owned by <a href="/wiki/Fox_Television_Stations" title="Fox Television Stations">Fox Television Stations</a>); <a href="/wiki/KRON-TV" title="KRON-TV">KRON-TV</a> (owned by the <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i> at the time of the tower's completion, now owned by <a href="/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group" title="Nexstar Media Group">Nexstar Media Group</a>); <a href="/wiki/KPIX-TV" title="KPIX-TV">KPIX</a> (a former <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Broadcasting" title="Westinghouse Broadcasting">Westinghouse Broadcasting</a> property, now owned by <a href="/wiki/CBS_News_and_Stations" title="CBS News and Stations">CBS</a>); and <a href="/wiki/KGO-TV" title="KGO-TV">KGO-TV</a> (an <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>-owned station). Sutro Tower also leases space to other Bay Area radio and television stations, including <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> outlet <a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQED</a>; <a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">independent station</a> <a href="/wiki/KOFY-TV" title="KOFY-TV">KOFY-TV</a>; non-commercial station <a href="/wiki/KPJK" title="KPJK">KPJK</a>; and <a href="/wiki/KPYX" title="KPYX">KPYX</a>, a sister station to KPIX. With the advent of channel-sharing agreements after the 2016 FCC <a href="/wiki/Spectrum_auction" title="Spectrum auction">spectrum auction</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>'s <a href="/wiki/KQEH" title="KQEH">KQEH</a> began to transmit from Sutro with sister station <a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQED</a> on January 17, 2018, moving from its former <a href="/wiki/Monument_Peak_(Milpitas,_California)" title="Monument Peak (Milpitas, California)">Monument Peak</a> transmitter. </p><p>Three other major Bay Area TV stations are unable to be located at Sutro Tower—the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>-owned <a href="/wiki/Duopoly_(broadcasting)" title="Duopoly (broadcasting)">duopoly</a> of <a href="/wiki/KNTV" title="KNTV">KNTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/KSTS" title="KSTS">KSTS</a>; and KTVU's duopoly partner <a href="/wiki/KICU-TV" title="KICU-TV">KICU-TV</a>. KNTV, which assumed the area's NBC affiliation from KRON-TV in 2002, relocated its transmitter from <a href="/wiki/Loma_Prieta_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Loma Prieta Peak">Loma Prieta Peak</a> to San Bruno Mountain, five miles (8 km) south of Sutro Tower; KSTS and KICU-TV transmit from east of <a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a>. Those locations allow these stations to maintain primary coverage over <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> and the South Bay, as San Jose is the <a href="/wiki/City_of_license" title="City of license">city of license</a> for all three stations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Access">Access</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutro_Tower&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Access"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutro_Tower_at_Midnight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sutro_Tower_at_Midnight.jpg/220px-Sutro_Tower_at_Midnight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sutro_Tower_at_Midnight.jpg/330px-Sutro_Tower_at_Midnight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sutro_Tower_at_Midnight.jpg/440px-Sutro_Tower_at_Midnight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7571" data-file-height="4754" /></a><figcaption>Night view</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutro_Towersf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sutro_Towersf.JPG/220px-Sutro_Towersf.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sutro_Towersf.JPG/330px-Sutro_Towersf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sutro_Towersf.JPG/440px-Sutro_Towersf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Seen above the coastal fog</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunrise_at_Twin_Peaks_view_Sutro_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sunrise_at_Twin_Peaks_view_Sutro_Tower.jpg/220px-Sunrise_at_Twin_Peaks_view_Sutro_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sunrise_at_Twin_Peaks_view_Sutro_Tower.jpg/330px-Sunrise_at_Twin_Peaks_view_Sutro_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sunrise_at_Twin_Peaks_view_Sutro_Tower.jpg/440px-Sunrise_at_Twin_Peaks_view_Sutro_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Sunrise from the top of Twin Peaks</figcaption></figure> <p>The facility is accessible only by authorized vehicles. The area near the site offers beautiful panoramic viewpoints of San Francisco. There is a platform near the top of the tower, 232 m (761 ft) above ground and 486.2 m (1,595 ft) above sea level<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Only authorized maintenance workers can access the tower via a small two-person elevator that runs inside the west tower enclosed leg. There is no public access within the Sutro Tower property lines. </p><p>On a clear day, the tower can be seen from the <a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay</a> peak of <a href="/wiki/Mt._Diablo_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Diablo State Park">Mount Diablo</a> and is sometimes the only part of San Francisco seen above the coastal <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_fog" title="San Francisco fog">fog</a> when it is blown inland, typically on summer mornings and evenings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stations">Stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutro_Tower&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutro_Tower&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TV stations that transmit from Sutro Tower include the following. Most of these stations carry additional <a href="/wiki/Subchannel" class="mw-redirect" title="Subchannel">subchannels</a> on their frequencies. Subchannel affiliations are shown via the digital channels link.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Callsign" class="mw-redirect" title="Callsign">Callsign</a></th> <th>Virtual channel</th> <th>Physical channel</th> <th>Affiliation</th> <th>Digital channels </th> <th>Online? </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KTVU" title="KTVU">KTVU</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/KTVU#Digital_channels" title="KTVU">2.1–2.4</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KKPM-CD" class="mw-redirect" title="KKPM-CD">KURK-LD</a> </td> <td>3<br />26 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>REL </td> <td><a href="/wiki/KKPM-CD" class="mw-redirect" title="KKPM-CD">3.1-3.10</a><br /><a href="/wiki/KTSF" title="KTSF">26.2</a> </td> <td>✘ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KRON-TV" title="KRON-TV">KRON-TV</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/KRON-TV#Digital_channels" title="KRON-TV">4.1–4.5</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KPIX-TV" title="KPIX-TV">KPIX</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/KPIX-TV#Digital_channels" title="KPIX-TV">5.1–5.4</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KGO-TV" title="KGO-TV">KGO-TV</a></td> <td>7</td> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/KGO-TV#Digital_channels" title="KGO-TV">7.1–7.3</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQED</a><br /><a href="/wiki/KQEH" title="KQEH">KQEH</a> </td> <td>9 <p>54 </p> </td> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)#Digital_channels" title="KQED (TV)">9.1–9.4</a><br /><a href="/wiki/KQEH" title="KQEH">54.1-54.4</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=KQSL-LD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KQSL-LD (page does not exist)">KQSL-LD</a> </td> <td>17<br />26 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>REL </td> <td><a href="/wiki/KKPM-CD" class="mw-redirect" title="KKPM-CD">17.1-17.10</a><br /><a href="/wiki/KTSF" title="KTSF">26.2</a> </td> <td>✘ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KRCB_(TV)" title="KRCB (TV)">KRCB</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/KRCB_(TV)" title="KRCB (TV)">22.1-22.3</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KCNS" title="KCNS">KCNS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/KTNC-TV" title="KTNC-TV">KTNC-TV</a><br /><a href="/wiki/KEMO-TV" title="KEMO-TV">KEMO-TV</a> </td> <td>38<br />42<br />50 </td> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shop_LC" title="Shop LC">Shop LC</a> (KCNS)<br /><a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television" title="Tri-State Christian Television">TCT</a> (KTNC)<br /><a href="/wiki/ShopHQ" title="ShopHQ">ShopHQ</a> (KEMO)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/KCNS#Digital_channels" title="KCNS">38.1–38.6</a><br /><a href="/wiki/KTNC-TV" title="KTNC-TV">42.1-42.2</a><br /><a href="/wiki/KEMO-TV" title="KEMO-TV">50.1-50.3</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KPYX" title="KPYX">KPYX</a></td> <td>44</td> <td>28</td> <td>Independent</td> <td><a href="/wiki/KPYX#Digital_channels" title="KPYX">44.1-44.5</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr> <tr> <td>KQTA-LD<br />KAAP-LD<br />KTSF<br />KMMC-LD<br />KDTS-LD </td> <td>15<br />24<br />26<br />30<br />52 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>JTV<br /><a href="/wiki/Diya_TV" title="Diya TV">Diya TV</a><br />Ind. (KTSF)<br /><a href="/wiki/Estrella_TV" title="Estrella TV">Estrella TV</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Daystar_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daystar (TV network)">Daystar</a> </td> <td>15.1-15.10<br />24.1, 24.4, 24.5, 24.7<br />26.11<br />30.1, 30.2<br /><a href="/wiki/KDTS-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="KDTS-LD">52.1, 52.2</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KPJK" title="KPJK">KPJK</a></td> <td>60</td> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">Public Ind.</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/KPJK#Digital_channels" title="KPJK">60.1–60.6</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KFSF-DT" title="KFSF-DT">KFSF</a></td> <td>66</td> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/UniM%C3%A1s" title="UniMás">UniMás</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/KFSF-DT#Digital_channels" title="KFSF-DT">66.1–66.5</a> </td> <td>✔︎ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutro_Tower&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sutro_Tower" title="Special:EditPage/Sutro Tower">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>FM stations that transmit from Sutro Tower include <a href="/wiki/KREV_(FM)" class="mw-redirect" title="KREV (FM)">KEXC (Formerly KREV)</a> (92.7), <a href="/wiki/KOIT" title="KOIT">KOIT</a> (96.5), <a href="/wiki/KSOL" title="KSOL">KSOL</a> (98.9), <a href="/wiki/KOSF" title="KOSF">KOSF</a> (103.7), and <a href="/wiki/KNBR-FM" title="KNBR-FM">KNBR-FM</a> (104.5).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutro_Tower&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_tower" title="Lattice tower">Lattice tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_steel_structures" title="List of tallest freestanding steel structures">List of tallest freestanding steel structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_famous_transmission_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of famous transmission sites">List of famous transmission sites</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutro_Tower&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FCCEIR-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FCCEIR_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111407/http://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/document/view;jsessionid=b2J1RmzYl76T9G2gmTz4y9hvHxwG9nvWpt2vt1v1Tv1RkWv92GHY!-477673473!-1694890999?id=1943110005">Sutro Environmental Impact Report</a> (Report). Federal Communications Commission. July 6, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/document/view;jsessionid=b2J1RmzYl76T9G2gmTz4y9hvHxwG9nvWpt2vt1v1Tv1RkWv92GHY!-477673473!-1694890999?id=1943110005">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Sutro+Environmental+Impact+Report&rft.pub=Federal+Communications+Commission&rft.date=1997-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.fcc.gov%2Fecfs%2Fdocument%2Fview%3Bjsessionid%3Db2J1RmzYl76T9G2gmTz4y9hvHxwG9nvWpt2vt1v1Tv1RkWv92GHY%21-477673473%21-1694890999%3Fid%3D1943110005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coladaily.com/2014/06/05/obits-furman-l-anderson-jr-87-member-of-north-trenholm-baptist-church-who-helped-design-the-tallest-tower-in-history-in-the-1960s/">"Furman L. Anderson, Jr., 87, member of North Trenholm Baptist Church who helped design the tallest tower in history in the 1960s"</a>. <i>Cola Daily</i>. June 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cola+Daily&rft.atitle=Furman+L.+Anderson%2C+Jr.%2C+87%2C+member+of+North+Trenholm+Baptist+Church+who+helped+design+the+tallest+tower+in+history+in+the+1960s&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoladaily.com%2F2014%2F06%2F05%2Fobits-furman-l-anderson-jr-87-member-of-north-trenholm-baptist-church-who-helped-design-the-tallest-tower-in-history-in-the-1960s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307025405/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/118751">"Emporis building ID 118751"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Emporis" title="Emporis">Emporis</a></i>. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Emporis&rft.atitle=Emporis+building+ID+118751&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emporis.com%2Fbuildings%2F118751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=816">"Sutro Tower"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SkyscraperPage" title="SkyscraperPage">SkyscraperPage</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SkyscraperPage&rft.atitle=Sutro+Tower&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskyscraperpage.com%2Fcities%2F%3FbuildingID%3D816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20009312">Sutro Tower</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Structurae" title="Structurae">Structurae</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legacy.seaonc.org/structure/sutro-tower/">"Sutro Tower | Hensolt SEAONC Legacy Project"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sutro+Tower+%7C+Hensolt+SEAONC+Legacy+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegacy.seaonc.org%2Fstructure%2Fsutro-tower%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sutrotower.com/tower-history">"Sutro Tower History"</a>. <i>Sutro Tower</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240721232321/https://www.sutrotower.com/tower-history">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sutro+Tower&rft.atitle=Sutro+Tower+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sutrotower.com%2Ftower-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafkin,_Louise2011" class="citation news cs1">Rafkin, Louise (October 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/us/sutro-tower.html?_r=0">"Sutro Tower"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sutro+Tower&rft.date=2011-10-08&rft.au=Rafkin%2C+Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F10%2F09%2Fus%2Fsutro-tower.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartlaub,_Peter2012" class="citation news cs1">Hartlaub, Peter (May 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/living/article/Stature-of-Sutro-Tower-rises-3589530.php">"Stature of Sutro Tower rises"</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Stature+of+Sutro+Tower+rises&rft.date=2012-05-28&rft.au=Hartlaub%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fliving%2Farticle%2FStature-of-Sutro-Tower-rises-3589530.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi,_Roland2022" class="citation news cs1">Li, Roland (February 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/tech/article/Horizon-Forbidden-West-SF-climate-apocalypse-16946045.php">"This is what S.F.'s climate apocalypse could look like, according to hit video game 'Horizon Forbidden West'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=This+is+what+S.F.%27s+climate+apocalypse+could+look+like%2C+according+to+hit+video+game+%27Horizon+Forbidden+West%27&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.au=Li%2C+Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Ftech%2Farticle%2FHorizon-Forbidden-West-SF-climate-apocalypse-16946045.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinklow2019" class="citation news cs1">Brinklow, Adam (November 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf.curbed.com/2019/11/18/20970939/sutro-tower-disappearing-antenna-where-did-it-go">"What happened to Sutro Tower's antennae?"</a>. <i>Curbed SF</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curbed+SF&rft.atitle=What+happened+to+Sutro+Tower%27s+antennae%3F&rft.date=2019-11-18&rft.aulast=Brinklow&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf.curbed.com%2F2019%2F11%2F18%2F20970939%2Fsutro-tower-disappearing-antenna-where-did-it-go&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubenstein2018" class="citation news cs1">Rubenstein, Steve (July 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Sutro-Tower-will-sport-new-antennas-but-will-13074551.php">"Sutro Tower will sport new antennas — but will still look like 'the big, ugly neighbor'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Sutro+Tower+will+sport+new+antennas+%E2%80%94+but+will+still+look+like+%27the+big%2C+ugly+neighbor%27&rft.date=2018-07-14&rft.aulast=Rubenstein&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FSutro-Tower-will-sport-new-antennas-but-will-13074551.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commissions.sfplanning.org/cpcpackets/2017-013308DRM.pdf">"Mandatory Discretionary Review Analysis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. San Francisco Planning Department. July 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mandatory+Discretionary+Review+Analysis&rft.pub=San+Francisco+Planning+Department&rft.date=2019-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommissions.sfplanning.org%2Fcpcpackets%2F2017-013308DRM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sutrotower.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/July-2020-Sutro-Tower-Newsletter.pdf">"July 2020 Sutro Tower Newsletter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sutro Tower</i>. July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sutro+Tower&rft.atitle=July+2020+Sutro+Tower+Newsletter&rft.date=2020-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsutrotower.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F07%2FJuly-2020-Sutro-Tower-Newsletter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sutrotower.com/faq">"FAQ"</a>. <i>Sutro Tower - Official Site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sutro+Tower+-+Official+Site&rft.atitle=FAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sutrotower.com%2Ffaq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722171600/https://sutrotower.com/about-the-tower/">"About the Tower | Sutro Tower – Official Site"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sutrotower.com/about-the-tower/">the original</a> on July 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Tower+%7C+Sutro+Tower+%E2%80%93+Official+Site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsutrotower.com%2Fabout-the-tower%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307074431/https://sutrotower.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/STKB_COMBINED-SET_revised-Photosim-2018_01_07.pdf">"New Antennas Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sutro Tower</i>. January 7, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sutrotower.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/STKB_COMBINED-SET_revised-Photosim-2018_01_07.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sutro+Tower&rft.atitle=New+Antennas+Project&rft.date=2018-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsutrotower.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F01%2FSTKB_COMBINED-SET_revised-Photosim-2018_01_07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sutrotower.com/stations">"Broadcast Stations"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Broadcast+Stations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sutrotower.com%2Fstations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rbr.com/a-sutro-signal-boost-for-kexps-s-f-entry/">"A Sutro Signal Boost for KEXP's S.F. Entry | Radio & Television Business Report"</a>. December 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Sutro+Signal+Boost+for+KEXP%27s+S.F.+Entry+%26%23124%3B+Radio+%26+Television+Business+Report&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frbr.com%2Fa-sutro-signal-boost-for-kexps-s-f-entry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutro_Tower&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnett1973" class="citation magazine cs1">Barnett, Stephen R. (May 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sutro.org/Pages/x6.html">"The Colossus of Mt. Sutro"</a>. <i>San Francisco</i>. Vol. 15, no. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco&rft.atitle=The+Colossus+of+Mt.+Sutro&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.date=1973-05&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Stephen+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sutro.org%2FPages%2Fx6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotter2012" class="citation web cs1">Cotter, Mark P. (January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131126161130/https://www.createspace.com/">"SUTRO! The High Ground"</a>. CreateSpace. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.createspace.com/">the original</a> on November 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SUTRO%21+The+High+Ground&rft.pub=CreateSpace&rft.date=2012-01&rft.aulast=Cotter&rft.aufirst=Mark+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.createspace.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutro_Tower&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/32px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/48px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/64px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="1885" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Portal:San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sutro_Tower" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sutro Tower">Sutro Tower</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sutrotower.com/">Official Site of Sutro Tower, Inc</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wireless2.fcc.gov/UlsApp/AsrSearch/asrRegistration.jsp?regKey=107757">"Listing 1001289"</a>. <i>Antenna Structure Registration database</i>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antenna+Structure+Registration+database&rft.atitle=Listing+1001289&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwireless2.fcc.gov%2FUlsApp%2FAsrSearch%2FasrRegistration.jsp%3FregKey%3D107757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Photos tagged with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/sutrotower/">"sutrotower"</a> at <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sutrotower.org/">Sutrotower.org</a>, "a comprehensive guide to Sutro Tower and Mount Sutro"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jimprice.com/sutro/">User page with information about Sutro Tower</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sutro.org/">Sutro Tower Community Perspectives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20141128084151/http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-RCA-Broadcast-News/RCA-150.pdf">RCA Broadcast Magazine from 1973 detailing engineering</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fybush.com/sites/2011/site-110923.html">Fybush.com Tower Site of the Week September 23, 2011</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMak,_Alex2014" class="citation web cs1">Mak, Alex (June 19, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brokeassstuart.com/blog/2014/06/19/a-history-of-sutro-tower-the-alex-mak-architecture-series/">"A History of Sutro Tower: The Alex Mak Architecture Series"</a>. <i>broke-ass stuart</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=broke-ass+stuart&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Sutro+Tower%3A+The+Alex+Mak+Architecture+Series&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft.au=Mak%2C+Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrokeassstuart.com%2Fblog%2F2014%2F06%2F19%2Fa-history-of-sutro-tower-the-alex-mak-architecture-series%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exploratorium.edu/tv/?project=104&program=1521&type=clip">"Sutro Tower: From Eyesore to Icon"</a>. <i>exploratorium</i>. August 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=exploratorium&rft.atitle=Sutro+Tower%3A+From+Eyesore+to+Icon&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exploratorium.edu%2Ftv%2F%3Fproject%3D104%26program%3D1521%26type%3Dclip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutro+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sutrotower.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Sutro-Tower-Antenna-Omnibus-Package_2013-03-26.pdf">"Sutro Tower Antenna Omnibus Package"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sutro Tower Inc. March 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Rewind TV">REW</a>, 4.4 <a href="/wiki/TBD_(TV_network)" title="TBD (TV network)">TBD</a>, 4.5 <a href="/wiki/Defy_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Defy TV">Defy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPIX-TV" title="KPIX-TV">KPIX-TV</a> (5.1 <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, 5.2 <a href="/wiki/Start_TV" title="Start TV">Start</a>, 5.3 <a href="/wiki/Dabl" title="Dabl">Dabl</a>, 5.4 <a href="/wiki/Fave_TV" title="Fave TV">Fave</a>, 5.5 <a href="/wiki/Comet_(TV_network)" title="Comet (TV network)">Comet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGO-TV" title="KGO-TV">KGO-TV</a> (7.1 <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, 7.2 <a href="/wiki/Localish" title="Localish">Localish</a>, 7.3 <a href="/wiki/Charge!_(TV_network)" title="Charge! (TV network)">Charge!</a>, 7.4 <a href="/wiki/HSN" title="HSN">HSN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQED</a> (9.1 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>, 9.2 <a href="/wiki/KQEH" title="KQEH">KQEH</a>, 9.3 <a href="/wiki/World_Channel" title="World Channel">World</a>, 9.4 <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">Kids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNTV" title="KNTV">KNTV</a> (11.1/11.3 <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, 11.2/11.4 <a href="/wiki/Cozi_TV" title="Cozi TV">Cozi</a>, 11.5 <a href="/wiki/NBC_LX_Home#Rebrand_as_NBC_American_Crimes" title="NBC LX Home">AmCrimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDTV-DT" title="KDTV-DT">KDTV-DT</a> (14.1 <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">UNI</a>, 14.3 <a href="/wiki/Get_(TV_network)" title="Get (TV network)">Get</a>, 14.4 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mystery" title="Ion Mystery">Mystery</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOFY-TV" title="KOFY-TV">KOFY-TV</a> (20.1 <a href="/wiki/Merit_Street_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Merit Street Media">Merit</a>, 20.2 <a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a>, 20.3 <a href="/wiki/Positiv" title="Positiv">Positiv</a>, 20.7 <a href="/wiki/Cannella_Media" title="Cannella Media">CRTV</a>, 20.8 Fun Roads)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCB_(TV)" title="KRCB (TV)">KRCB</a> (22.1 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>, 22.2 <a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a>, 22.3 <a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">NHK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTSF" title="KTSF">KTSF</a> (26.1 <a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Ind.</a>, 26.3 Sino TV, 26.5 VietDay, 26.6 VSTV Viet Shopping TV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMTP-TV" title="KMTP-TV">KMTP-TV</a> (32.1 <a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kpop" class="mw-redirect" title="Kpop">Kpop</a>/<a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">DW-TV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KICU-TV" title="KICU-TV">KICU-TV</a> (36.1 <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MNTV</a>, 36.2 <a href="/wiki/KBS_America" title="KBS America">KBS America</a>, 36.3 Nosey, 36.4 <a href="/wiki/Catchy_Comedy" title="Catchy Comedy">Catchy</a>, 36.5 <a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNS" title="KCNS">KCNS</a> (38.1 <a href="/wiki/Shop_LC" title="Shop LC">LC</a>, 38.2 <a href="/wiki/Sky_Link_TV" title="Sky Link TV">Sky Link</a>, 38.3 <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Swaggart#Television" title="Jimmy Swaggart">SBN</a>, 38.5 <a href="/wiki/New_Tang_Dynasty_Television" title="New Tang Dynasty Television">NTD</a>, 38.6 <a href="/wiki/New_Tang_Dynasty_Television" title="New Tang Dynasty Television">NTD English</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTNC-TV" title="KTNC-TV">KTNC-TV</a> (42.1 <a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television" title="Tri-State Christian Television">TCT</a>, 42.2 ESNE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPYX" title="KPYX">KPYX</a> (44.1 <a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Ind.</a>, 44.2 <a href="/wiki/The_Nest_(TV_network)" title="The Nest (TV network)">Nest</a>, 44.3 <a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>, 44.4 Confess, 44.5 <a href="/wiki/QVC#QVC2" title="QVC">QVC2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSTS" title="KSTS">KSTS</a> (48.1/48.3 <a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">TMD</a>, 48.2/48.4 <a href="/wiki/TeleXitos" title="TeleXitos">TXO</a>, 48.5 <a href="/wiki/NBC_LX_Home#Rebrand_as_NBC_American_Crimes" title="NBC LX Home">AmCrimes</a>, 48.6 <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen (TV channel)">Oxygen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEMO-TV" title="KEMO-TV">KEMO-TV</a> (50.1 <a href="/wiki/ShopHQ" title="ShopHQ">ShopHQ</a>, 50.2 Visión Latina, 50.3 <a href="/wiki/Cannella_Media" title="Cannella Media">MMN</a>, 50.4 <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlaw (TV network)">Outlaw</a>, 50.5 <a href="/wiki/Cannella_Media" title="Cannella Media">Timeless TV</a>, 50.6 <a href="/wiki/Cannella_Media" title="Cannella Media">OnTV4U</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQEH" title="KQEH">KQEH</a> (54.1 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>, 54.2 <a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQED</a>, 54.3 <a href="/wiki/World_Channel" title="World Channel">World</a>, 54.4 <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">Kids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPJK" title="KPJK">KPJK</a> (60.1 <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_educational_station" title="Non-commercial educational station">Edu.</a> <a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Ind.</a>, 60.2 <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">F24</a>, 60.3 <a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">NHK</a>, 60.4 <a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">DW-TV</a>, 60.5 <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Experience" title="First Nations Experience">FNX</a>, 60.6 <a href="/wiki/KRCB-FM" title="KRCB-FM">KRCB-FM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKPX-TV" title="KKPX-TV">KKPX-TV</a> (65.1 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a>, 65.2 <a href="/wiki/Bounce_TV" title="Bounce TV">Bounce</a>, 65.3 <a href="/wiki/Court_TV" title="Court TV">Court</a>, 65.4 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Plus" title="Ion Plus">Ion+</a>, 65.5 <a href="/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)" title="Laff (TV network)">Laff</a>, 65.6 <a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a>, 65.7 <a href="/wiki/Get_(TV_network)" title="Get (TV network)">Get</a>, 65.8 <a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFSF-DT" title="KFSF-DT">KFSF-DT</a> (66.1 <a href="/wiki/UniM%C3%A1s" title="UniMás">UniMás</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDTV-DT" title="KDTV-DT">66.2</a> <a href="/wiki/Univisi%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Univisión">UNI</a>, 66.4 <a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a>, 66.5 <a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Network" title="True Crime Network">Crime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTLN-TV" title="KTLN-TV">KTLN-TV</a> (68.1 <a href="/wiki/Heroes_%26_Icons" title="Heroes & Icons">H&I</a>, 68.2 <a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>, 68.3 <a href="/wiki/Story_Television" title="Story Television">Story</a>, 68.4 <a href="/wiki/MeTV#MeTV_Plus" title="MeTV">MeTV+</a>, 68.5 <a href="/wiki/Quest_(American_TV_network)" title="Quest (American TV network)">Quest</a>, 68.6 <a href="/wiki/MeTV_Toons" title="MeTV Toons">MeToons</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Low power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KAXT-CD" title="KAXT-CD">KAXT-CD</a> (1.1 <a href="/wiki/Catchy_Comedy" title="Catchy Comedy">Catchy</a>)</li> <li>KURK-LD/KQSL-LD 3/17 (x.1 <a href="/wiki/KDSO-LD" title="KDSO-LD">theDove</a>, x.2 <a href="/wiki/California_Music_Channel" title="California Music Channel">CMC - USA</a>, x.3 <a href="/wiki/California_Music_Channel" title="California Music Channel">CMC</a>, x.4 <a href="/wiki/Ace_TV" title="Ace TV">Ace TV</a>, x.5 Blues TV, x.6 <a href="/wiki/The_Family_Channel_(American_TV_network,_founded_2008)" title="The Family Channel (American TV network, founded 2008)">Fam</a>, x.7 <a href="/wiki/Retro_TV" title="Retro TV">Retro</a>, x.9 <a href="/wiki/Heartland_(TV_network)" title="Heartland (TV network)">Heartland</a>, x.10 AUN, 26.2 <a href="/wiki/KTSF" title="KTSF">KTSF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBKF-LD" title="KBKF-LD">KBKF-LD</a> (6.1 <a href="/wiki/Air1" title="Air1">Air1</a> audio (<a href="/wiki/Channel_6_radio_stations_in_the_United_States" title="Channel 6 radio stations in the United States">FM6</a>), 6.2 UChannel)</li> <li>KPJC-LD (12.1 NOW TV, 12.2 <a href="/wiki/Cannella_Media" title="Cannella Media">RVTV</a>, 12.3 <a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">Ads</a>, 12.4 <a href="/wiki/Cannella_Media" title="Cannella Media">OnTV4U</a>, 12.5 ACN)</li> <li>KQTA-LD (15.1 <a href="/wiki/Jewelry_Television" title="Jewelry Television">JTV</a>, 15.2 <a href="/wiki/KQSL" title="KQSL">KQSL/TLN West</a>, 15.3 Crossings TV, 15.4 MBC America, 15.5 <a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax2</a>, 15.7 <a href="/wiki/K-Love" title="K-Love">K-Love</a>, 26.11 <a href="/wiki/KTSF" title="KTSF">KTSF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSCZ-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="KSCZ-LD">KSCZ-LD</a> (16.1 KDHL, 16.2 VCAL, 16.3 VietSky, 16.4 VLife, 16.5 QHTV, 16.6 Nét Việt, 16.7 AWM-TV, 16.8 VBS, 16.9 U Channel, 16.10 VNA-TV, 16.11 SBTN, 16.12 IBC-TV, 16.14 Viet Vegas, 16.15 Ventana, 16.16 VMTV, 16.17 Chida TV)</li> <li>KMPX-LD (18.1 <a href="/wiki/ShopHQ" title="ShopHQ">ShopHQ</a>)</li> <li>KAAP-LD (24.1 DiyaTV, 24.3 <a href="/wiki/Antenna_TV" title="Antenna TV">ANT</a>, 24.7 <a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">OANPlus</a>, 24.8 <a href="/wiki/AWE_(TV_network)" title="AWE (TV network)">AWE Plus</a>, 24.10 <a href="/wiki/Jewelry_Television" title="Jewelry Television">JTV</a>, 24.11 <a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a>, 24.12 <a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC2</a>, 30.1 <a href="/wiki/Estrella_TV" title="Estrella TV">Estrella</a>)</li> <li>KMMC-LD (24.1 DiyaTV, 24.7 <a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">OANPlus</a>, 24.8 <a href="/wiki/AWE_(TV_network)" title="AWE (TV network)">AWE Plus</a>, 30.1 <a href="/wiki/Estrella_TV" title="Estrella TV">Estrella</a>, 30.2 silent, 30.6 VBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNZ-CD" title="KCNZ-CD">KCNZ-CD</a> (28.1 <a href="/wiki/LATV" title="LATV">LATV</a>, 28.2 Mariavision, 28.4 <a href="/wiki/ShopHQ" title="ShopHQ">ShopHQ</a>, 28.5 <a href="/wiki/Jewelry_Television" title="Jewelry Television">JTV</a>, 28.6 <a href="/wiki/Shop_LC" title="Shop LC">LC</a>, 28.7 Fun Roads)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQRO-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="KQRO-LD">KQRO-LD</a> (45.1/.3/.6 <a href="/wiki/Cannella_Media" title="Cannella Media">OnTV4U</a>, 45.2 <a href="/wiki/Fubo_Sports_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Fubo Sports Network">Fubo</a>, 45.4 <a href="/wiki/365BLK" class="mw-redirect" title="365BLK">365BLK</a>, 45.5 <a href="/wiki/Free_TV_Networks" title="Free TV Networks">Outlaw</a>, 45.7 <a href="/wiki/Salem_Media_Group" title="Salem Media Group">SNC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDTS-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="KDTS-LD">KDTS-LD</a> (52.1 <a href="/wiki/Daystar_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daystar (TV network)">Daystar</a>, 52.2 <a href="/wiki/Daystar_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daystar (TV network)">Daystar Español</a>, 52.3 <a href="/wiki/Daystar_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daystar (TV network)">Daystar Reflections</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outlying areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>KFMY-LD/KUKR-LD 6/27 (x.1 <a href="/wiki/KDSO-LD" title="KDSO-LD">theDove</a>, x.2 <a href="/wiki/California_Music_Channel" title="California Music Channel">CMC - USA</a>, x.3 <a href="/wiki/California_Music_Channel" title="California Music Channel">CMC</a>, x.4 <a href="/wiki/Ace_TV" title="Ace TV">Ace TV</a>, x.5 Blues TV, x.6 <a href="/wiki/The_Family_Channel_(American_TV_network,_founded_2008)" title="The Family Channel (American TV network, founded 2008)">Fam</a>, x.7 <a href="/wiki/Retro_TV" title="Retro TV">Retro</a>, x.8 <a href="/wiki/KTSF" title="KTSF">KTSF</a>, x.9 <a href="/wiki/Heartland_(TV_network)" title="Heartland (TV network)">Heartland</a>, x.10 AUN, 30.1 <a href="/wiki/Estrella_TV" title="Estrella TV">Estrella</a>)</li> <li>KZHD-LD (15.1 <a href="/wiki/Jewelry_Television" title="Jewelry Television">JTV</a>, 15.2 <a href="/wiki/KQSL" title="KQSL">KQSL/TLN West</a>, 15.3 Crossings TV, 15.4 MBC America, 15.5 <a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax2</a>, 15.7 <a href="/wiki/K-Love" title="K-Love">K-Love</a>, 26.11 <a href="/wiki/KTSF" title="KTSF">KTSF</a>, 30.1 <a href="/wiki/Estrella_TV" title="Estrella TV">Estrella</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDTV-DT" title="KDTV-DT">KDTV-CD</a> (28.1 <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">UNI</a>, 28.2 <a href="/wiki/UniM%C3%A1s" title="UniMás">UniMás</a>, 28.3 <a href="/wiki/Get_(TV_network)" title="Get (TV network)">Get</a>, 28.4 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mystery" title="Ion Mystery">Mystery</a>, 28.5 <a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Network" title="True Crime Network">Crime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFTY-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="KFTY-LD">KFTY-LD</a> (45.1/.6/.7 <a href="/wiki/Cannella_Media" title="Cannella Media">OnTV4U</a>, 45.2 <a href="/wiki/Defy_(TV_network)" title="Defy (TV network)"> Defy</a>, 45.3 <a href="/wiki/365BLK" class="mw-redirect" title="365BLK">365BLK</a>, 45.4 <a href="/wiki/Free_TV_Networks" title="Free TV Networks">Outlaw</a>, 45.5 <a href="/wiki/Fubo_Sports_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Fubo Sports Network">Fubo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDAS-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="KDAS-LD">KDAS-LD</a> (52.1 <a href="/wiki/Daystar_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daystar (TV network)">Daystar</a>, 52.2 <a href="/wiki/Daystar_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daystar (TV network)">Daystar Español</a>, 52.3 <a href="/wiki/Daystar_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daystar (TV network)">Daystar Reflections</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bragg,_California" title="Fort Bragg, California">Fort Bragg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ukiah,_California" title="Ukiah, California">Ukiah</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino County</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lakeport,_California" title="Lakeport, California">Lakeport</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_California" title="Lake County, California">Lake County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCRA-TV" title="KCRA-TV">K17CG-D</a> (3.1 <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, 3.2 <a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>, 3.3 <a href="/wiki/Story_Television" title="Story Television">Story</a>, 3.4 <a href="/wiki/QVC#QVC2" title="QVC">QVC2</a>, 58.1 <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">CW</a>/<a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MNT</a>, 58.2 <a href="/wiki/Heroes_%26_Icons" title="Heroes & Icons">H&I</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPIX-TV" title="KPIX-TV">K27EE-D</a> (5.1 <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, 5.2 <a href="/wiki/Start_TV" title="Start TV">Start</a>, 5.3 <a href="/wiki/Dabl" title="Dabl">Dabl</a>, 5.4 <a href="/wiki/Fave_TV" title="Fave TV">Fave</a>, 5.5 <a href="/wiki/Comet_(TV_network)" title="Comet (TV network)">Comet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGO-TV" title="KGO-TV">K21CD-D</a> (4.5 <a href="/wiki/Defy_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Defy TV">Defy</a>, 7.1 <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, 7.2 <a href="/wiki/Localish" title="Localish">Localish</a>, 7.3 <a href="/wiki/Charge!_(TV_network)" title="Charge! (TV network)">Charge!</a>, 7.4 <a href="/wiki/HSN" title="HSN">HSN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQSL" title="KQSL">KQSL / K15FJ-D</a> (8.1/15.1 <a href="/wiki/Total_Living_Network" title="Total Living Network">TLN West</a>, 8.2 <a href="/wiki/Daystar_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daystar (TV network)">Daystar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">K31GK-D</a> (9.1 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>, 9.2 <a href="/wiki/KQEH" title="KQEH">KQEH</a>, 9.3 <a href="/wiki/World_Channel" title="World Channel">World</a>, 9.4 <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">Kids</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards#ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC standards">ATSC 3.0</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KRON-TV" title="KRON-TV">KRON 4</a> (<a href="/wiki/KTVU" title="KTVU">2.1</a> <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/KRON-TV" title="KRON-TV">4.1</a> <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">CW</a>/<a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MNTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/KPIX-TV" title="KPIX-TV">5.1</a> <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/KGO-TV" title="KGO-TV">7.1</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, <a href="/wiki/KNTV" title="KNTV">11.1</a> <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDTV-DT" title="KDTV-DT">14.1</a> <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">UNI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBKF-LD" title="KBKF-LD">KBKF-LD</a> (6.1 <a href="/wiki/Air1" title="Air1">Air1</a> audio (<a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">analog</a>), 6.2 UChannel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Bay_Area" title="NBC Sports Bay Area">NBC Sports Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_California" title="NBC Sports California">NBC Sports California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Living_Network" title="Total Living Network">TLN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public-access_television" title="Public-access television">Local-access</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_California_Channel" title="The California Channel">Cal Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CreaTV_San_Jose" title="CreaTV San Jose">CreaTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_College_of_San_Francisco" title="City College of San Francisco">EATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Video_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Area Video Coalition">SF Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Francisco" title="Government of San Francisco">SFGOVTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley_Community_Television" title="Tri-Valley Community Television">Tri-Valley Community Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KTVU" title="KTVU">Fox 2 San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRON-TV" title="KRON-TV">KRON 4+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_News_(streaming_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS News (streaming service)">CBS News Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGO-TV" title="KGO-TV">ABC 7 Bay Area 24/7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNTV" title="KNTV">NBC Bay Area News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BayTV" title="BayTV">BayTV</a> (cable only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GiantsVision" title="GiantsVision">GiantsVision</a> (cable only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Hometown_Network" title="Comcast Hometown Network">Comcast Hometown Network</a> (cable only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRON-TV" title="KRON-TV">K51AQ-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCFT-TV" title="KCFT-TV">KCFT-TV 42</a> (Ind.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEXT-CD" class="mw-redirect" title="KEXT-CD">KEXT-CD</a> (27.x)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMTP-TV#History" title="KMTP-TV">KSAN-TV/KNEW-TV/KQEC 32</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">Ind.</a> / <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVOF-TV" title="KVOF-TV">KUDO/KVOF-TV 38</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transmission facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monument_Peak_(Milpitas,_California)" title="Monument Peak (Milpitas, California)">Monument Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Allison" title="Mount Allison">Mt. Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bruno_Mountain" title="San Bruno Mountain">San Bruno Mountain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sutro Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>California television</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bakersfield_TV" title="Template:Bakersfield TV">Bakersfield</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Chico-Redding_TV" title="Template:Chico-Redding TV">Chico–Redding</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Eureka_TV" title="Template:Eureka TV">Eureka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Fresno_TV" title="Template:Fresno TV">Fresno</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:LA_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:LA TV">Los Angeles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Medford_TV" title="Template:Medford TV">Medford OR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Monterey_TV" title="Template:Monterey TV">Monterey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Palm_Springs_Area_TV" title="Template:Palm Springs Area TV">Inland Empire (Palm Springs)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Reno_TV" title="Template:Reno TV">Reno NV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Sacramento_TV" title="Template:Sacramento TV">Sacramento</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana_Television" title="Template:San Diego–Tijuana Television">San Diego</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:SF_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:SF TV">San Francisco</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_Coast_TV" title="Template:Central Coast TV">Santa Barbara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_Valley_TV" title="Template:Imperial Valley TV">El Centro CA / Yuma AZ</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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