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Raksa - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Karakteristik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Karakteristik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sifat_fisik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_fisik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sifat fisik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_fisik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sifat kimia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amalgam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amalgam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Amalgam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amalgam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Isotop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterjadian_dan_produksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterjadian_dan_produksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Keterjadian dan produksi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keterjadian_dan_produksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Senyawa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senyawa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Senyawa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Senyawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senyawa_raksa(I)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_raksa(I)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Senyawa raksa(I)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_raksa(I)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa_raksa(II)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_raksa(II)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Senyawa raksa(II)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_raksa(II)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa_organoraksa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_organoraksa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Senyawa organoraksa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_organoraksa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aplikasi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Aplikasi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kedokteran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kedokteran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Kedokteran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kedokteran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi_klorin_dan_soda_kaustik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi_klorin_dan_soda_kaustik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Produksi klorin dan soda kaustik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produksi_klorin_dan_soda_kaustik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_laboratorium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_laboratorium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Penggunaan laboratorium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_laboratorium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_pasar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_pasar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Penggunaan pasar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_pasar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kosmetik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosmetik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Kosmetik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosmetik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemutih_kulit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemutih_kulit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2</span> <span>Pemutih kulit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemutih_kulit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senjata_api" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senjata_api"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Senjata api</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senjata_api-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_historis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_historis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Penggunaan historis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_historis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_pengobatan_historis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_pengobatan_historis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6.1</span> <span>Penggunaan pengobatan historis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_pengobatan_historis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toksisitas_dan_keamanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toksisitas_dan_keamanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Toksisitas dan keamanan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Toksisitas_dan_keamanan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Toksisitas dan keamanan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Toksisitas_dan_keamanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paparan_makanan_terhadap_raksa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paparan_makanan_terhadap_raksa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Paparan makanan terhadap raksa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paparan_makanan_terhadap_raksa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelepasan_di_lingkungan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelepasan_di_lingkungan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Pelepasan di lingkungan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pelepasan_di_lingkungan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontaminasi_sedimen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontaminasi_sedimen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Kontaminasi sedimen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontaminasi_sedimen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paparan_pekerjaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paparan_pekerjaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Paparan pekerjaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paparan_pekerjaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Ikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosmetik_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosmetik_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Kosmetik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosmetik_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efek_dan_gejala_keracunan_raksa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efek_dan_gejala_keracunan_raksa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Efek dan gejala keracunan raksa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efek_dan_gejala_keracunan_raksa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perawatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perawatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Perawatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perawatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peraturan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peraturan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Peraturan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peraturan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Peraturan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Peraturan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internasional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internasional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Internasional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internasional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerika_Serikat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerika_Serikat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Amerika Serikat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerika_Serikat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uni_Eropa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uni_Eropa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Uni Eropa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uni_Eropa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norwegia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norwegia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Norwegia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norwegia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Swedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raksa_dalam_seni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raksa_dalam_seni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Raksa dalam seni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raksa_dalam_seni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lebih_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bacaan lebih lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Raksa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 170 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-170" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">170 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kwik" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%9C%E1%89%83" title="ባዜቃ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባዜቃ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento)" title="Mercurio (elemento) – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mercurio (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%82" title="زئبق – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زئبق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82" title="زاواق – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="زاواق" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%82" title="زيبق – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زيبق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuriu_(elementu)" title="Mercuriu (elementu) – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mercuriu (elementu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civ%C9%99" title="Civə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Civə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87" title="جیوه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیوه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%88" title="Терегөмөш – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Терегөмөш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasa_(datu)" title="Rasa (datu) – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rasa (datu)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asugi" title="Asugi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Asugi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ртуць – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ртуць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ртуць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ртуць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Живак – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Живак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पारा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पारा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6" title="পারদ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পারদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="མེར་ཁུ་རི། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེར་ཁུ་རི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevargant" title="Bevargant – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bevargant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Živa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element) – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mercuri (element)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%ABi-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%80ng" title="Cūi-ngṳ̀ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cūi-ngṳ̀ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%95" title="جیوە – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جیوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentuvivu" title="Argentuvivu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Argentuvivu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rtu%C5%A5" title="Rtuť – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rtuť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D0%BB" title="Чĕркĕмĕл – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чĕркĕмĕл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arian_byw_(elfen)" title="Arian byw (elfen) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arian byw (elfen)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kviks%C3%B8lv" title="Kviksølv – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kviksølv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeeba" title="Zeeba – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Zeeba" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quecksilber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%AD%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A6" title="ދިރޭރަހަ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދިރޭރަހަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Υδράργυρος – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδράργυρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc%C3%B9ri" title="Mercùri – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mercùri" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element) – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mercury (element)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrargo" title="Hidrargo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hidrargo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento)" title="Mercurio (elemento) – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mercurio (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elavh%C3%B5be" title="Elavhõbe – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elavhõbe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurio_(elementua)" title="Merkurio (elementua) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Merkurio (elementua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuriu_(elementu)" title="Mercuriu (elementu) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mercuriu (elementu)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87" title="جیوه – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elohopea" title="Elohopea – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elohopea" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyksilvur" title="Kyksilvur – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kyksilvur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mercure (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaksalwer" title="Kwaksalwer – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kwaksalwer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element) – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Mercuri (element)" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mearcair_(d%C3%BAil)" title="Mearcair (dúil) – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mearcair (dúil)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mearcar_(meatailt)" title="Mearcar (meatailt) – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mearcar (meatailt)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento)" title="Mercurio (elemento) – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mercurio (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepotimembe" title="Kuarepotimembe – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepotimembe" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B" title="પારો – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પારો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercur" title="Mercur – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mercur" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAi-ngi%C3%B9n" title="Súi-ngiùn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Súi-ngiùn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melekulia" title="Melekulia – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Melekulia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="כספית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כספית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पारा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element) – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mercury (element)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Živa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8ki_(chimi)" title="Mèki (chimi) – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mèki (chimi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higany" title="Higany – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Higany" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Սնդիկ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սնդիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Սնդիկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սնդիկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento)" title="Mercurio (elemento) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mercurio (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurio" title="Merkurio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Merkurio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvikasilfur" title="Kvikasilfur – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kvikasilfur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Mercurio (elemento chimico) – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mercurio (elemento chimico)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80" title="水銀 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水銀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/margu" title="margu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="margu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ვერცხლისწყალი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვერცხლისწყალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%9Br%C9%A9k%C9%A9r%C9%A9" title="Mɛrɩkɩrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mɛrɩkɩrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury" title="Mercury – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mercury" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Сынап – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сынап" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8" title="ಪಾದರಸ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾದರಸ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%9D%80" title="수은 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수은" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ртуть – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ртуть" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%AEbeq" title="Zîbeq – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zîbeq" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Тюрк – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Тюрк" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkuri" title="Merkuri – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Merkuri" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Сымап – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сымап" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrargyrum" title="Hydrargyrum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hydrargyrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quecks%C3%ABlwer" title="Quecksëlwer – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Quecksëlwer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Хьюму муси – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Хьюму муси" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kwik" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuio_(elemento)" title="Mercuio (elemento) – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mercuio (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(element_chimich)" title="Mercurio (element chimich) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mercurio (element chimich)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9A)" title="Mercury (ອົງປະກອບ) – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="Mercury (ອົງປະກອບ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyvsidabris" title="Gyvsidabris – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gyvsidabris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C4%ABvsudrabs" title="Dzīvsudrabs – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzīvsudrabs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volavelona" title="Volavelona – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Volavelona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Майдар – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Майдар" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konuoi" title="Konuoi – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Konuoi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Жива – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жива" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82)" title="രസം (മൂലകം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രസം (മൂലകം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%81" title="Мөнгөн ус – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мөнгөн ус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯁꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पारा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पारा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ртуть – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ртуть" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Raksa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8" title="ပြဒါး – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြဒါး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эрексия – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эрексия" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87" title="جیوه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جیوه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoliamochitl" title="Yoliamochitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Yoliamochitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quecks%C3%BClver" title="Quecksülver – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Quecksülver" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="पारो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पारो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="पारो – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पारो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kwik" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Kvikksølv – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvikksølv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Kvikksølv – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvikksølv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_t%C3%B3zh%C3%A1anii" title="Béésh tózháanii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh tózháanii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element) – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mercuri (element)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artugu" title="Artugu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Artugu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisha_meetaa" title="Bisha meetaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bisha meetaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A6" title="ପାରଦ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପାରଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83" title="Джынасу – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Джынасу" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪਾਰਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asugi" title="Asugi – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Asugi" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rt%C4%99%C4%87" title="Rtęć – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rtęć" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mercuri (element)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="پارہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پارہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="پاره – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico) – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaku_qullqi" title="Yaku qullqi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yaku qullqi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element) – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mercur (element)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghearyiru" title="Ghearyiru – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ghearyiru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ртуть – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ртуть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83" title="पारदः – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पारदः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc%C3%B9riu_(elementu_ch%C3%ACmicu)" title="Mercùriu (elementu chìmicu) – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mercùriu (elementu chìmicu)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuriu_(elementu_ch%C3%ACmicu)" title="Mercuriu (elementu chìmicu) – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mercuriu (elementu chìmicu)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element) – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mercur (element)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eallisilba" title="Eallisilba – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eallisilba" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Živa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="රසදිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රසදිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mercury (element)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortu%C5%A5" title="Ortuť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ortuť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo_srebro" title="Živo srebro – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Živo srebro" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elleesilb%C3%A2" title="Elleesilbâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Elleesilbâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkuri" title="Meerkuri – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Meerkuri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhiva" title="Zhiva – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zhiva" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Жива – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kw%C3%A4ks%C3%A4%C3%A4lwer" title="Kwäksäälwer – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kwäksäälwer" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai_raksa" title="Cai raksa – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cai raksa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvicksilver" title="Kvicksilver – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvicksilver" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebaki" title="Zebaki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zebaki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBywe_strzyb%C5%82o" title="Żywe strzybło – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Żywe strzybło" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பாதரசம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாதரசம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="పాదరసము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాదరసము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Симоб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Симоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97" title="ปรอท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปรอท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asoge" title="Asoge – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asoge" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%B1va" title="Cıva – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cıva" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Терекөмеш – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Терекөмеш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%83%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A(element)" title="مېركۇرىي(element) – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مېركۇرىي(element)" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ртуть – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ртуть" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="پارہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پارہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simob" title="Simob – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Simob" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artut%27" title="Artut&#039; – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Artut&#039;" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_ng%C3%A2n" title="Thủy ngân – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thủy ngân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrargin" title="Hidrargin – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hidrargin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mierkeure_(elemint)" title="Mierkeure (elemint) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mierkeure (elemint)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asoge" title="Asoge – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asoge" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D2%A3%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мөңгүсан – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Мөңгүсан" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Mercury" title="I-Mercury – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Mercury" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קוועקזילבער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קוועקזילבער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A0d%C3%A1k%C3%A0ol%C3%B3mi" title="Fàdákàolómi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fàdákàolómi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raemxngaenz" title="Raemxngaenz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Raemxngaenz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="汞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi-g%C3%AEn" title="Chúi-gîn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi-gîn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80" title="水銀 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水銀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isigidi_(inhlwa)" title="Isigidi (inhlwa) – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isigidi (inhlwa)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q925#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Raksa" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raksa"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raksa"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Raksa" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Raksa" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;oldid=25514230" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&amp;page=Raksa&amp;id=25514230&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRaksa"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRaksa"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Raksa"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Raksa&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Raksa" hreflang="id"><span>Wikibuku</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q925" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dialihkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury">Mercury</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Merkuri" beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk planet, lihat <a href="/wiki/Merkurius" title="Merkurius">Merkurius</a>. Untuk dewa, lihat <a href="/wiki/Merkurius_(mitologi)" title="Merkurius (mitologi)">Merkurius (mitologi)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333552">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background:lightgray;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="float:right;display:inline;background:lightgray;font-size:150%;"><sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">80</span></sub>Hg</div>Raksa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pouring_liquid_mercury_bionerd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pouring_liquid_mercury_bionerd.jpg/249px-Pouring_liquid_mercury_bionerd.jpg" decoding="async" width="249" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pouring_liquid_mercury_bionerd.jpg/374px-Pouring_liquid_mercury_bionerd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pouring_liquid_mercury_bionerd.jpg/498px-Pouring_liquid_mercury_bionerd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="1311" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Raksa elemental dalam bentuk cair</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background:black"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mercury_Spectra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mercury_Spectra.jpg/220px-Mercury_Spectra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mercury_Spectra.jpg/330px-Mercury_Spectra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mercury_Spectra.jpg/440px-Mercury_Spectra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Garis spektrum raksa</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat umum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Pengucapan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin: 0; text-align: left;"><ul><li style="margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">/raksa/<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li><li style="margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">/mèrkuri/<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penampilan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">cairan mengkilap dan keperakan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Raksa dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:185px;margin:0.1em;font-family:&#39;Linux Libertine&#39;,Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Media:Electron_shell_080_Mercury.svg" title="Media:Electron shell 080 Mercury.svg"><img alt="Perbesar gambar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Electron_shell_080_Mercury.svg/50px-Electron_shell_080_Mercury.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Electron_shell_080_Mercury.svg/75px-Electron_shell_080_Mercury.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Electron_shell_080_Mercury.svg/100px-Electron_shell_080_Mercury.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:140px;margin:0.1em;font-family:&#39;Linux Libertine&#39;,Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">80</span></sub>Hg</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Hidrogen</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Helium</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Lithium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Berilium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Boron</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Karbon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nitrogen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oksigen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fluor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Neon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Natrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Magnesium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Aluminium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Silikon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fosfor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Sulfur</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Clor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Argon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Potasium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Kalsium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Skandium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Titanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Vanadium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Chromium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Mangan</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Besi</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cobalt</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Nikel</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tembaga</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Seng</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Gallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Germanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Arsen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Selen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Selen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bromin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Kripton</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Rubidium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Strontium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Yttrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Zirconium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Niobium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Molybdenum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Technetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Ruthenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhodium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Palladium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Silver</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cadmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Indium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Antimony</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tellurium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Iodine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Xenon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Caesium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Barium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Lanthanum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Cerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Praseodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Promethium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Samarium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Europium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Gadolinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Terbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Dysprosium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Holmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Erbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thulium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Ytterbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lutetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hafnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tantalum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tungsten</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Osmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Iridium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Platinum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Gold</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Mercury (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Thallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Lead</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bismuth</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Polonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Astatine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Radon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Francium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Radium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Actinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Protactinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Uranium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neptunium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Plutonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Americium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Curium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Berkelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Californium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Einsteinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Fermium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Mendelevium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Nobelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lawrencium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rutherfordium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Dubnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Seaborgium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Bohrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Meitnerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Darmstadtium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Roentgenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Copernicium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nihonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Flerovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Moscovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Livermorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tennessine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oganesson</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a><br />↑<br /><strong>Hg</strong><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a> ← <strong>raksa</strong> → <a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">talium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_unsur_diperbesar" title="Templat:Navbox unsur diperbesar">Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Nomor atom</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">80</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan (tabel periodik)">Golongan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">golongan&#160;12</a></span>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)#Periode_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">periode&#160;6</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok (tabel periodik)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-d">blok-d</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nama_kategori_unsur_kimia#Kategori" title="Nama kategori unsur kimia">Kategori unsur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><span title="color legend: logam transisi" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#ffc0c0">&#160;</span> <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a><span style="font-weight:normal;">&#x20;(<i>A</i><sub>r</sub>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002200592000000000♠"></span>200,592<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0,003</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002200590000000000♠"></span>200,59<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0,01</span>&#160;(diringkas)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Konfigurasi elektron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">&#91;<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>&#93; 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">Elektron per kelopak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">pada&#160;<a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">STS</a> (0&#160;°C dan 101,325&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Cairan" title="Cairan">cair</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik&#160;lebur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">234,3210&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>&#x20;&#x200b;(−38,8290&#160;°C,&#x20;&#x200b;−37,8922&#160;°F)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik&#160;didih</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">629,88&#160;K&#x20;&#x200b;(356,73&#160;°C,&#x20;&#x200b;674,11&#160;°F)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kepadatan</a>&#x20;<span style="font-weight:normal;">mendekati&#160;<a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">s.k.</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">13,534&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_tripel" title="Titik tripel">Titik&#160;tripel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">234,3156&#160;K,&#x20;&#x200b;1,65<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>&#8722;7</sup>&#160;kPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_kritis_(termodinamika)" title="Titik kritis (termodinamika)">Titik&#160;kritis</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1750&#160;K, 172,00&#160;MPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kalor_peleburan" title="Kalor peleburan">Kalor&#160;peleburan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2,29&#160;<a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mol" title="Joule per mol">kJ/mol</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_penguapan" title="Entalpi penguapan">Kalor&#160;penguapan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">59,11&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">Kapasitas kalor molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">27,983&#160;J/(mol·K)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap"><b>Tekanan&#160;uap</b></a><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><i><abbr title="Suhu (Pascal)">P</abbr></i>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(Pa)</span> </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1&#160;k </th> <th>10&#160;k </th> <th>100&#160;k </th></tr> <tr> <th>pada&#160;<i><abbr title="Suhu (Kelvin)">T</abbr></i>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(K)</span> </th> <td>315 </td> <td>350 </td> <td>393 </td> <td>449 </td> <td>523 </td> <td>629 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat atom</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Bilangan oksidasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">−2 , <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+1</b></span>, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+2</b></span> &#x20;(oksida agak <a href="/wiki/Basa" title="Basa">basa</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Skala&#160;Pauling: 2,00&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">Energi ionisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">ke-1:&#160;1007,1&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;<br />ke-2:&#160;1810&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;<br />ke-3:&#160;3300&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_atom" title="Jari-jari atom">Jari-jari atom</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">empiris:&#x20;151&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen">Jari-jari kovalen</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">132±5&#160;pm&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_van_der_Waals" title="Jari-jari van der Waals">Jari-jari van der Waals</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">155&#160;pm&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Lain-lain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Kelimpahan alami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">Struktur kristal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">&#x20;&#x200b;<a href="/wiki/Sistem_kristal_trigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem kristal trigon">rombohedron</a><div style="float:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rhombohedral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur kristal Rhombohedral untuk raksa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/50px-Rhombohedral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/75px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/100px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="141" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan suara">Kecepatan suara</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">cairan: 1451,4 <a href="/wiki/Meter_per_detik" title="Meter per detik">m/s</a>&#x20;(suhu&#160;20&#160;°C)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">Ekspansi kalor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">60,4&#160;µm/(m·K)&#x20;(suhu&#160;25&#160;°C)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">8,30&#160;W/(m·K)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivitas listrik">Resistivitas listrik</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">961&#160;nΩ·m&#x20;(suhu&#160;25&#160;&#176;C)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Arah magnet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetik">diamagnetik</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Suseptibilitas_magnetik" title="Suseptibilitas magnetik">Suseptibilitas magnetik molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="3004665600000000000♠"></span>−33,44<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup></span>&#160;cm<sup>3</sup>/mol&#x20;(293&#160;K)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7439-97-6&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Orang Mesir Kuno<span class="nowrap">&#x20;(sebelum <a href="/w/index.php?title=1500-an_SM&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1500-an SM (halaman belum tersedia)">1500 SM</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Simbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">"Hg": dari nama <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">Latin</a> <i><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydrargyrum#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:hydrargyrum">hydrargyrum</a></i>, ia sendiri berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Yunani</a> <i><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%91%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ὑδράργυρος">hydrárgyros</a></i>, 'air-perak'</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_raksa" title="Isotop raksa">Isotop raksa</a> yang utama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Iso&#173;top</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">Kelim&#173;pahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Pro&#173;duk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>194</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Radioisotop_sintetis" title="Radioisotop sintetis">sintetis</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">444&#160;thn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangkapan elektron">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Emas-194" class="mw-redirect" title="Emas-194"><sup>194</sup>Au</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>195</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,9&#160;jam </td> <td>ε </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Emas-195" class="mw-redirect" title="Emas-195"><sup>195</sup>Au</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>196</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:right">0,15% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>197</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64,14&#160;jam </td> <td>ε </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Emas-197" class="mw-redirect" title="Emas-197"><sup>197</sup>Au</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>198</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:right">10,04% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>199</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:right">16,94% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>200</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:right">23,14% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>201</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:right">13,17% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>202</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:right">29,74% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>203</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,612&#160;hri </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">β</a><sup>−</sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Talium-203" class="mw-redirect" title="Talium-203"><sup>203</sup>Tl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>204</sup>Hg </th> <td style="text-align:right">6,82% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:1px dotted #ffc0c0; line-height:0.7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_raksa" title="Templat:Kotak info raksa"><span title="Lihat templat ini">lihat</span></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info raksa (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Diskusikan templat ini">bicara</span></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_raksa&amp;action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">sunting</span></a></li></ul></div>|&#x20;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">referensi</a>&#x20;|&#x20;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925" class="extiw" title="d:Q925">di Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Raksa</b> atau <b>merkuri</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>mercury</i></span>) adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Lambang_unsur" title="Lambang unsur">lambang</a> <b>Hg</b> dan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> 80. Ia juga dikenal sebagai <b>air raksa</b> dan dulunya bernama <i><b>hydrargyrum</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="&#39;h&#39; in &#39;hi&#39;">h</span><span title="/aɪ/: &#39;i&#39; in &#39;tide&#39;">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;d&#39; in &#39;dye&#39;">d</span><span title="&#39;r&#39; in &#39;rye&#39;">r</span><span title="/ɑːr/: &#39;ar&#39; in &#39;far&#39;">ɑːr</span><span title="/dʒ/: &#39;j&#39; in &#39;jam&#39;">dʒ</span><span title="/ər/: &#39;er&#39; in &#39;letter&#39;">ər</span><span title="/ə/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;about&#39;">ə</span><span title="&#39;m&#39; in &#39;my&#39;">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> <span title="Pengejaan pengucapan Inggris" class="Unicode"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kunci_pengejaan_pengucapan" title="Wikipedia:Kunci pengejaan pengucapan"><i><b><span class="smallcaps"><span class="SMALLCAPS" style="FONT-VARIANT:SMALL-CAPS;"><span class="NOCAPS" style="TEXT-TRANSFORM:LOWERCASE;">HY</span></span></span></b>-drar-<b><span class="smallcaps"><span class="SMALLCAPS" style="FONT-VARIANT:SMALL-CAPS;"><span class="NOCAPS" style="TEXT-TRANSFORM:LOWERCASE;">JƏR</span></span></span></b>-əm</i></a></span>) dari kata Yunani <i><span lang="grc-latn">hydro</span></i> (air) dan <i><span lang="grc-latn">argyros</span></i> (perak).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Merupakan sebuah unsur <a href="/wiki/Blok_tabel_periodik#Blok-d" title="Blok tabel periodik">blok-d</a> yang <a href="/wiki/Logam_berat" title="Logam berat">berat</a> dan keperakan, raksa adalah satu-satunya unsur logam yang diketahui berbentuk cair pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">suhu dan tekanan standar</a>; satu-satunya unsur lain yang berwujud cair dalam kondisi ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a> <a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">bromin</a>, meskipun logam seperti <a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">sesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">galium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidium</a> melebur tepat di atas <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">suhu kamar</a>. </p><p>Raksa terdapat dalam endapan di seluruh dunia sebagian besar sebagai <a href="/wiki/Sinabar" title="Sinabar">sinabar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_sulfida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa sulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">merkurisulfida</a>). Pigmen merah <a href="/wiki/Merah_merona" title="Merah merona">vermilion</a> diperoleh dengan <a href="/wiki/Alat_giling" title="Alat giling">menggiling</a> sinabar alami atau merkurisulfida sintetis. </p><p>Raksa digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer">termometer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pengukuran_tekanan" title="Pengukuran tekanan">manometer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sfigmomanometer" title="Sfigmomanometer">sfigmomanometer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katup_pelampung&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Katup pelampung (halaman belum tersedia)">katup pelampung</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakelar_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakelar raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">sakelar raksa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relai_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Relai raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">relai raksa</a>, lampu fluoresen, dan perangkat lain, meskipun kekhawatiran mengenai toksisitas unsur ini telah menyebabkan sebagian besar termometer dan sfigmomanometer raksa dihapuskan di lingkungan klinis demi mendukung alternatif seperti termometer kaca berisi <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galinstan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Galinstan (halaman belum tersedia)">galinstan</a> dan instrumen elektronik berbasis <a href="/wiki/Termistor" title="Termistor">termistor</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Termometer_inframerah" title="Termometer inframerah">inframerah</a>. Demikian pula, pengukur tekanan mekanis dan sensor pengukur regangan elektronik telah menggantikan sfigmomanometer raksa. Proses sel raksa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_kloralkali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses kloralkali (halaman belum tersedia)">klor-alkali</a>) digunakan untuk menghasilkan klorin dan natrium atau kalium hidroksida, tetapi dihentikan secara bertahap. </p><p>Raksa, dan senyawa raksa, tetap digunakan dalam aplikasi penelitian ilmiah dan dalam <a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(kedokteran_gigi)" title="Amalgam (kedokteran gigi)">amalgam</a> untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Restorasi_gigi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Restorasi gigi (halaman belum tersedia)">restorasi gigi</a> di beberapa tempat, dan di beberapa pabrik makanan. Dalam pembuatan makanan, <a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_klorida" title="Raksa(II) klorida">merkuriklorida</a> digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi <a href="/wiki/Amilum" title="Amilum">pati</a> selama pemurnian beras, jagung, dan gandum untuk menghambat <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzim</a> pendegradasi pati.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia juga digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Lampu_pendar" title="Lampu pendar">lampu fluoresen</a>. Listrik yang melewati uap raksa dalam lampu fluoresen menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Ultraungu" title="Ultraungu">sinar ultraungu</a> gelombang pendek, yang kemudian menyebabkan fosfor di dalam tabung <a href="/wiki/Fluoresensi" title="Fluoresensi">berpendar</a>, membuat cahaya tampak. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Keracunan_raksa" title="Keracunan raksa">Keracunan raksa</a> dapat terjadi akibat paparan raksa yang larut dalam air, (seperti merkuriklorida atau <a href="/wiki/Metilraksa" title="Metilraksa">metilraksa</a>), dengan menghirup uap raksa, atau dengan menelan segala bentuk raksa. Dalam bentuk yang serius, penyakit ini juga dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Minamata" title="Penyakit Minamata">penyakit Minamata</a>. Keracunan raksa diintensifkan dengan paparan bersama timbal. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14851226">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik">Karakteristik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Karakteristik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakteristik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat_fisik">Sifat fisik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat fisik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat fisik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pound-coin-floating-in-mercury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pound-coin-floating-in-mercury.jpg/220px-Pound-coin-floating-in-mercury.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pound-coin-floating-in-mercury.jpg/330px-Pound-coin-floating-in-mercury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pound-coin-floating-in-mercury.jpg/440px-Pound-coin-floating-in-mercury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satu_pound_(koin_logam_Britania_Raya)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Satu pound (koin logam Britania Raya) (halaman belum tersedia)">koin pound</a> tua<sup id="cite_ref-BBCnewpound_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCnewpound-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (kepadatan ~7,6&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>) mengapung di atas raksa karena kombinasi <a href="/wiki/Gaya_apung" title="Gaya apung">gaya apung</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tegangan_permukaan" title="Tegangan permukaan">tegangan permukaan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Raksa adalah sebuah logam berat berwarna putih keperakan yang berbentuk cair pada suhu kamar. Dibandingkan dengan logam lain, ia adalah konduktor panas yang buruk, tetapi konduktor listrik yang cukup baik.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ia memiliki <a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">titik beku</a> sebesar −38,83&#160;°C dan <a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">titik didih</a> sebesar 356,73&#160;°C,<sup id="cite_ref-Senese1997_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senese1997-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Norrby_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norrby-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> keduanya merupakan nilai terendah untuk logam stabil, meskipun percobaan awal pada <a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">kopernisium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">flerovium</a> menunjukkan bahwa mereka memiliki titik didih yang lebih rendah.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Efek ini disebabkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Kontraksi_lantanida" title="Kontraksi lantanida">kontraksi lantanida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kimia_kuantum_relativistik" title="Kimia kuantum relativistik">kontraksi relativistik</a> yang mengurangi jari-jari elektron terluar, sehingga melemahkan ikatan logam pada raksa.<sup id="cite_ref-Norrby_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norrby-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Saat membeku, volume raksa berkurang sebanyak 3,59% dan kepadatannya berubah dari 13,69&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup> saat cair menjadi 14,184&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup> when solid. saat padat. Koefisien pemuaian volume raksa adalah 181,59 × 10<sup>−6</sup> pada suhu 0&#160;°C, 181,71 × 10<sup>−6</sup> pada suhu 20&#160;°C; dan 182,50 × 10<sup>−6</sup> pada suhu 100&#160;°C (per&#160;°C). Raksa padat <a href="/wiki/Keuletan_(fisika)" title="Keuletan (fisika)">dapat ditempa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Keuletan_(fisika)" title="Keuletan (fisika)">ulet</a> serta dapat dipotong dengan pisau.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <caption class="nowrap">Sifat termal dan fisik raksa cair:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu">Suhu</a> (°C)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kepadatan</a> (kg/m^3)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalor_jenis" title="Kalor jenis">Kalor jenis</a> (kJ/kg K)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kekentalan#Kekentalan_kinematik" title="Kekentalan">Kekentalan kinematik</a> (m^2/s)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas</a> (W/m K)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Difusivitas_termal" title="Difusivitas termal">Difusivitas termal</a> (m^2/s)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilangan_Prandtl&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilangan Prandtl (halaman belum tersedia)">Bilangan Prandtl</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Modulus_kompresi" title="Modulus kompresi">Modulus curah</a> (K^-1) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0 </td> <td>13628,22 </td> <td>0,1403 </td> <td>1,24E-07 </td> <td>8,2 </td> <td>4,30E-06 </td> <td>0,0288 </td> <td>0,000181 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td>13579,04 </td> <td>0,1394 </td> <td>1,14E-07 </td> <td>8,69 </td> <td>4,61E-06 </td> <td>0,0249 </td> <td>0,000181 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td>13505,84 </td> <td>0,1386 </td> <td>1,04E-07 </td> <td>9,4 </td> <td>5,02E-06 </td> <td>0,0207 </td> <td>0,000181 </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 </td> <td>13384,58 </td> <td>0,1373 </td> <td>9,28E-08 </td> <td>10,51 </td> <td>5,72E-06 </td> <td>0,0162 </td> <td>0,000181 </td></tr> <tr> <td>150 </td> <td>13264,28 </td> <td>0,1365 </td> <td>8,53E-08 </td> <td>11,49 </td> <td>6,35E-06 </td> <td>0,0134 </td> <td>0,000181 </td></tr> <tr> <td>200 </td> <td>13144,94 </td> <td>0,157 </td> <td>8,02E-08 </td> <td>12,34 </td> <td>6,91E-06 </td> <td>0,0116 </td> <td>0,000181 </td></tr> <tr> <td>250 </td> <td>13025,6 </td> <td>0,1357 </td> <td>7,65E-08 </td> <td>13,07 </td> <td>7,41E-06 </td> <td>0,0103 </td> <td>0,000183 </td></tr> <tr> <td>315,5 </td> <td>12847 </td> <td>0,134 </td> <td>6,73E-08 </td> <td>14,02 </td> <td>8,15E-06 </td> <td>0,0083 </td> <td>0,000186 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat_kimia">Sifat kimia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat kimia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raksa tidak bereaksi dengan sebagian besar asam, seperti <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a> encer, meskipun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_oksidator&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam oksidator (halaman belum tersedia)">asam oksidator</a> seperti asam sulfat pekat dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Air_raja" title="Air raja">air raja</a> dapat melarutkannya untuk menghasilkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_sulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">sulfat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_nitrat" title="Raksa(II) nitrat">nitrat</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_klorida" title="Raksa(II) klorida">klorida</a>. Seperti perak, raksa akan bereaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfida" title="Hidrogen sulfida">hidrogen sulfida</a> atmosfer. Raksa bereaksi dengan serpihan belerang padat, yang digunakan dalam kit tumpahan raksa untuk menyerap raksa (kit tumpahan juga menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_aktif" title="Karbon aktif">karbon aktif</a> dan bubuk seng).<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amalgam">Amalgam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Amalgam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Amalgam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mercury_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mercury_discharge_tube.jpg/220px-Mercury_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mercury_discharge_tube.jpg/330px-Mercury_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mercury_discharge_tube.jpg/440px-Mercury_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Lampu kalibrasi spektrum lucutan raksa</figcaption></figure> <p>Raksa melarutkan banyak logam seperti <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">perak</a> untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(kimia)" title="Amalgam (kimia)">amalgam</a>. Pengecualiannya adalah <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, dan termos besi secara tradisional telah digunakan untuk memperdagangkan raksa. Beberapa logam transisi baris pertama lainnya kecuali <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">seng</a> juga tahan terhadap pembentukan amalgam. Unsur lain yang tidak mudah membentuk amalgam dengan raksa ialah <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalgam_natrium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amalgam natrium (halaman belum tersedia)">Amalgam natrium</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Reduktor" title="Reduktor">agen pereduksi</a> yang umum dalam <a href="/wiki/Sintesis_organik" title="Sintesis organik">sintesis organik</a>, dan juga digunakan dalam lampu <a href="/wiki/Lampu_uap_natrium#Natrium_tekanan_tinggi" title="Lampu uap natrium">natrium tekanan tinggi</a>. </p><p>Raksa mudah bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> untuk membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalgam_aluminium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amalgam aluminium (halaman belum tersedia)">amalgam raksa–aluminium</a> ketika dua logam murni itu bersentuhan. Karena amalgam tersebut dapat menghancurkan lapisan <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_oksida" title="Aluminium oksida">aluminium oksida</a> yang melindungi logam aluminium dari oksidasi mendalam (seperti pada <a href="/wiki/Karat" title="Karat">karat</a> besi), bahkan sejumlah kecil raksa dapat menimbulkan korosi serius pada aluminium. Untuk alasan ini, raksa tidak diperbolehkan di dalam pesawat dalam banyak situasi karena risikonya membentuk amalgam dengan bagian aluminium yang terbuka di dalam pesawat.<sup id="cite_ref-CorrAl_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorrAl-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penggetasan_logam_cair&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penggetasan logam cair (halaman belum tersedia)">Penggetasan raksa</a> adalah jenis penggetasan logam cair yang paling umum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotop">Isotop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotop"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isotop_raksa" title="Isotop raksa">Isotop raksa</a></div> <p>Terdapat tujuh <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> raksa yang stabil, dengan <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>202</sup>Hg</span> menjadi yang paling melimpah (29,86%). <a href="/wiki/Radionuklida" title="Radionuklida">Radioisotop</a> dengan umur terpanjang adalah <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>194</sup>Hg</span> dengan <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> 444&#160;tahun, dan <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>203</sup>Hg</span> dengan waktu paruh 46,612&#160;hari. Sebagian besar radioisotop yang tersisa memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari satu hari. <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>199</sup>Hg</span> dan <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>201</sup>Hg</span> adalah inti aktif <a href="/wiki/Resonansi_magnet_inti" title="Resonansi magnet inti">NMR</a> yang paling sering dipelajari, memiliki <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spin</a> masing-masing <span class="template-frac">½</span> dan <span class="template-frac">3⁄2</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintesis_logam_berharga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintesis logam berharga (halaman belum tersedia)">sintesis logam berharga</a>, dua isotop raksa stabil dinilai menarik: isotop renik <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>196</sup>Hg</span> dan <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>198</sup>Hg</span> yang lebih melimpah. Keduanya "kehilangan satu neutron" dari <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>197</sup>Hg</span>, sebuah radioisotop yang meluruh menjadi <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>197</sup>Au</span>, satu-satunya <a href="/wiki/Isotop_emas" title="Isotop emas">isotop emas</a> stabil yang diketahui. Namun, kelangkaan <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>196</sup>Hg</span> dan kebutuhan energi tinggi untuk <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_nuklir" title="Reaksi nuklir">reaksi nuklir</a> yang "merobohkan" neutron dari <span class="chemf nowrap"><sup>198</sup>Hg</span> (baik melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotodisintegrasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotodisintegrasi (halaman belum tersedia)">fotodisintegrasi</a> atau melalui reaksi (n,2n) yang melibatkan <a href="/wiki/Suhu_neutron#Cepat" title="Suhu neutron">neutron cepat</a>), sejauh ini telah mengesampingkan aplikasi praktis dari "batu filsuf asli" ini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Etimologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mercury_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/120px-Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/180px-Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/240px-Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption>Lambang <a href="/wiki/Merkurius" title="Merkurius">planet Merkurius</a> (☿) telah digunakan sejak zaman kuno untuk mewakili unsur ini</figcaption></figure> <p>"Hg" adalah <a href="/wiki/Lambang_unsur" title="Lambang unsur">lambang kimia</a> modern untuk raksa. Ia adalah singkatan dari <i><span lang="la">hydrargyrum</span></i>, bentuk <a href="/wiki/Romanisasi_bahasa_Yunani" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanisasi bahasa Yunani">romanisasi</a> dari nama <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Kuno" title="Bahasa Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a> untuk raksa, <span lang="grc">ὑδράργυρος</span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hydrargyros</i></span>). <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Hydrargyros</i></span> adalah kata majemuk Yunani yang berarti "air-perak", dari <span lang="grc">ὑδρ</span>- (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hydr</i></span>-), akar kata <span lang="grc">ὕδωρ</span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hydor</i></span>) "air", dan <span lang="grc">ἄργυρος</span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">argyros</i></span>) "perak". Seperti nama <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a> <i>quicksilver</i> ("perak-hidup"), nama ini berasal dari sifat cair dan mengilap raksa. </p><p>Nama "merkuri" berasal dari planet <a href="/wiki/Merkurius" title="Merkurius">Merkurius</a>. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">alkimia</a> abad pertengahan, tujuh logam yang dikenal—<i>quicksilver</i>, <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">perak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">timah</a>—dikaitkan dengan tujuh planet. <i>Quicksilver</i> dikaitkan dengan planet tercepat, yang dinamai dari dewa Romawi <a href="/wiki/Merkurius_(mitologi)" title="Merkurius (mitologi)">Merkurius</a>, yang dikaitkan dengan kecepatan dan mobilitas. Lambang astrologi planet tersebut kemudian menjadi salah satu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambang_alkimia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambang alkimia (halaman belum tersedia)">lambang alkimia</a> untuk logam ini, dan "Merkuri" menjadi nama alternatif untuk logam ini. Merkuri adalah satu-satunya logam di mana nama keplanetan alkimia masih bertahan hingga saat ini, karena nama ini lebih disukai daripada "<i>quicksilver</i>" sebagai nama kimia.<sup id="cite_ref-Stillman_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stillman-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Senyawa raksa yang dikenal sebagai sinabar tercatat sebagai komponen pigmen merah dalam lukisan gua <a href="/wiki/Paleolitikum" title="Paleolitikum">Paleolitikum</a> 30.000 tahun yang lalu di Spanyol dan Prancis.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raksa ditemukan di kuburan <a href="/wiki/Mesir_Kuno" title="Mesir Kuno">Mesir</a> yang berasal dari tahun 1500&#160;SM.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, penggunaan raksa dianggap dapat memperpanjang hidup, menyembuhkan patah tulang, dan menjaga kesehatan secara umum, meskipun sekarang diketahui bahwa paparan uap raksa menyebabkan efek kesehatan yang merugikan.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kaisar pertama dari Tiongkok yang bersatu, <a href="/wiki/Q%C3%ADn_Sh%C7%90_Hu%C3%A1ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Qín Shǐ Huáng">Qín Shǐ Huáng Dì</a>—diduga dimakamkan di sebuah <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Mausoleum Qin Shi Huang">makam</a> yang berisi sungai-sungai yang mengalirkan raksa pada model tanah yang dia kuasai, mewakili sungai-sungai di Tiongkok—dilaporkan dibunuh dengan meminum campuran raksa dan bubuk <a href="/wiki/Giok" title="Giok">giok</a> yang diformulasikan oleh ahli alkimia <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qin" title="Dinasti Qin">Qin</a> yang dimaksudkan sebagai ramuan keabadian.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wright_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wright-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Khumarawayh_bin_Ahmad_bin_Tulun" title="Khumarawayh bin Ahmad bin Tulun">Khumarawayh bin Ahmad bin Tulun</a>, penguasa <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Thuluniyah" title="Dinasti Thuluniyah">Thuluniyah</a> kedua di Mesir (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnavit" class="extiw" title="en:Regnavit">r.</a> 884–896), yang dikenal karena pemborosannya, dilaporkan membangun sebuah baskom berisi raksa, di mana dia akan berbaring di atas bantal berisi udara dan diayunkan agar dapat tidur.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada November 2014, "sejumlah besar" raksa ditemukan di sebuah ruangan 60 kaki di bawah piramida berusia 1800 tahun yang dikenal sebagai "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuil_Ular_Berbulu,_Teotihuacan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuil Ular Berbulu, Teotihuacan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuil Ular Berbulu</a>," "piramida <a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a> terbesar ketiga," di Meksiko bersama dengan "patung batu giok, sisa-sisa jaguar, sebuah kotak berisi cangkang berukir dan bola karet".<sup id="cite_ref-Yuhas_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuhas-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> menceritakan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Daidalos" title="Daidalos">Daidalos</a> membuat sebuah patung kayu <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mitologi)" title="Venus (mitologi)">Venus</a> bergerak dengan menuangkan air raksa di bagian dalamnya.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Yunani" title="Mitologi Yunani">mitologi Yunani</a>, Daidalos memberikan penampakan suara pada patung-patungnya menggunakan air raksa. <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Orang Yunani kuno</a> menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Sinabar" title="Sinabar">sinabar</a> (raksa sulfida) dalam salep; <a href="/wiki/Mesir_Kuno" title="Mesir Kuno">orang Mesir kuno</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Romawi</a> menggunakannya dalam <a href="/wiki/Kosmetik" title="Kosmetik">kosmetik</a>. Di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamanai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamanai (halaman belum tersedia)">Lamanai</a>, yang pernah menjadi kota besar <a href="/wiki/Peradaban_Maya" title="Peradaban Maya">peradaban Maya</a>, genangan air raksa ditemukan di bawah penanda di sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapangan_bola_Mesoamerika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapangan bola Mesoamerika (halaman belum tersedia)">lapangan bola Mesoamerika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 500&#160;SM, raksa digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(kimia)" title="Amalgam (kimia)">amalgam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin_Abad_Pertengahan" title="Bahasa Latin Abad Pertengahan">bahasa Latin Pertengahan</a>: <i>amalgama</i>, "paduan raksa") dengan logam lain.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">Ahli alkimia</a> menganggap raksa sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prima_materia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Prima materia (halaman belum tersedia)">Materi Pertama</a> dari mana semua logam terbentuk. Mereka percaya bahwa logam yang berbeda dapat diproduksi dengan memvariasikan kualitas dan kuantitas <a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">belerang</a> yang terkandung dalam raksa. Yang paling murni dari mereka adalah emas, dan raksa digunakan dalam upaya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krisopoeia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Krisopoeia (halaman belum tersedia)">transmutasi</a> logam dasar (atau tidak murni) menjadi emas, yang merupakan tujuan dari banyak ahli alkimia.<sup id="cite_ref-Stillman_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stillman-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tambang di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almad%C3%A9n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almadén (halaman belum tersedia)">Almadén</a> (Spanyol), <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Amiata" title="Gunung Amiata">Monte Amiata</a> (Italia), dan <a href="/wiki/Idrija" title="Idrija">Idrija</a> (sekarang Slovenia) mendominasi produksi raksa sejak pembukaan tambang di Almadén 2500 tahun yang lalu, hingga endapan baru ditemukan pada akhir abad ke-19.<sup id="cite_ref-MercHz_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MercHz-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 8 April 1911, <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike K. Onnes</a> menemukan bahwa pada suhu 4,2&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>, kawat raksa padat yang direndam dalam <a href="/wiki/Helium_cair" title="Helium cair">helium cair</a> akan menjadi <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas" title="Superkonduktivitas">superkonduktif</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keterjadian_dan_produksi">Keterjadian dan produksi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Keterjadian dan produksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keterjadian dan produksi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mineral_raksa" title="Kategori:Mineral raksa">Kategori:Mineral raksa</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Tambang_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Tambang raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">Kategori:Tambang raksa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mercury-27128.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mercury-27128.jpg/220px-Mercury-27128.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mercury-27128.jpg/330px-Mercury-27128.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mercury-27128.jpg/440px-Mercury-27128.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Raksa asli dengan <a href="/wiki/Sinabar" title="Sinabar">sinabar</a>, tambang Socrates, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonoma_County,_California&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonoma County, California (halaman belum tersedia)">Sonoma County, California</a>. Sinabar terkadang berubah menjadi raksa asli di zona teroksidasi dari endapan raksa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Raksa adalah unsur yang sangat langka di <a href="/wiki/Kerak_(geologi)" title="Kerak (geologi)">kerak</a> Bumi, memiliki kelimpahan rata-rata massa kerak hanya 0,08 <a href="/wiki/Notasi_bagian_per#Bagian_per_juta" title="Notasi bagian per">bagian per juta</a> (ppm).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Karena ia tidak menyatu <a href="/wiki/Geokimia" title="Geokimia">secara geokimia</a> dengan unsur-unsur yang membentuk sebagian besar massa kerak, bijih raksa dapat terkonsentrasi secara luar biasa mengingat kelimpahan unsur ini di batuan biasa. Bijih raksa yang paling kaya mengandung hingga 2,5% raksa berdasarkan massa, dan bahkan deposit yang paling sedikit mengandung raksa setidaknya mengandung 0,1% raksa (12.000 kali rata-rata kelimpahan kerak). Ia ditemukan baik sebagai <a href="/wiki/Logam_asli" title="Logam asli">logam asli</a> (langka) atau pada <a href="/wiki/Sinabar" title="Sinabar">sinabar</a>, metasinabar, <a href="/wiki/Sfalerit" title="Sfalerit">sfalerit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korderoit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Korderoit (halaman belum tersedia)">korderoit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Livingstonit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Livingstonit (halaman belum tersedia)">livingstonit</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> lainnya, dengan sinabar (HgS) menjadi bijih yang paling umum.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-metacinnabar_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metacinnabar-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bijih raksa sering terjadi di mata air panas atau daerah <a href="/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi">vulkanik</a> lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mulai tahun 1558, dengan penemuan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_patio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses patio (halaman belum tersedia)">proses patio</a> untuk mengekstraksi perak dari bijih menggunakan raksa, raksa menjadi sumber daya penting dalam perekonomian Spanyol dan koloni Amerikanya. Raksa digunakan untuk mengekstraksi perak dari tambang yang menguntungkan di <a href="/wiki/Spanyol_Baru" title="Spanyol Baru">Spanyol Baru</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. Awalnya, tambang milik Kerajaan Spanyol di Almadén di Spanyol Selatan memasok semua raksa untuk koloninya.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Endapan raksa ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Baru" title="Dunia Baru">Dunia Baru</a>, dan lebih dari 100.000 ton raksa ditambang dari wilayah <a href="/wiki/Huancavelica" class="mw-redirect" title="Huancavelica">Huancavelica</a>, Peru, selama tiga abad setelah penemuan endapan di sana pada tahun 1563. Proses patio dan kemudian proses <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalgamasi_(metalurgi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amalgamasi (metalurgi) (halaman belum tersedia)">amalgamasi</a> berlanjut untuk menciptakan permintaan besar akan raksa untuk mengolah bijih perak hingga akhir abad ke-19.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bekas tambang di Italia, Amerika Serikat, dan Meksiko, yang pernah menghasilkan sebagian besar pasokan dunia, kini telah sepenuhnya habis ditambang atau, dalam kasus Slovenia (<a href="/wiki/Idrija" title="Idrija">Idrija</a>) dan Spanyol (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Almad%C3%A9n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almadén (halaman belum tersedia)">Almadén</a>), ditutup karena jatuhnya harga raksa. Tambang <a href="/w/index.php?title=McDermitt,_Nevada_dan_Oregon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="McDermitt, Nevada dan Oregon (halaman belum tersedia)">McDermitt</a> di <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, tambang raksa terakhir di Amerika Serikat, ditutup pada tahun 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-brooks_usgs_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brooks_usgs-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raksa diekstraksi dengan memanaskan sinabar dalam aliran udara dan mengembunkan uapnya. Persamaan untuk ekstraksi ini adalah </p> <dl><dd>HgS + O<sub>2</sub> → Hg + SO<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:HgProductionPrice.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/HgProductionPrice.png/220px-HgProductionPrice.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/HgProductionPrice.png/330px-HgProductionPrice.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/HgProductionPrice.png/440px-HgProductionPrice.png 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2461" /></a><figcaption>Evolusi harga (A.S.) dan produksi raksa (di seluruh dunia)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada tahun 2022, Tiongkok adalah produsen raksa utama, menyediakan 91% dari output dunia (2000 dari 2200&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ton_metrik" title="Ton metrik">ton</a>), diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> (120&#160;t), Meksiko (40&#160;t), Peru (30 t), dan Norwegia (20&#160;t).<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karena toksisitas raksa yang tinggi, penambangan sinabar dan penyulingan raksa merupakan penyebab keracunan raksa yang berbahaya dan bersejarah.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di Tiongkok, tenaga kerja penjara digunakan oleh perusahaan pertambangan swasta pada tahun 1950-an untuk mengembangkan tambang sinabar baru. Ribuan tahanan digunakan oleh perusahaan pertambangan Luo Xi untuk membangun terowongan baru.<sup id="cite_ref-GREEN_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GREEN-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kesehatan para pekerja di tambang yang berfungsi berisiko tinggi. </p><p>Sebuah surat kabar mengklaim bahwa arahan <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> yang tidak dikenal yang menyerukan agar bola lampu hemat energi diwajibkan pada tahun 2012 mendorong Tiongkok untuk membuka kembali tambang sinabar untuk mendapatkan raksa yang diperlukan untuk pembuatan bola lampu CFL. Bahaya lingkungan telah menjadi perhatian, khususnya di kota-kota selatan <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, dan di provinsi <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a> di barat daya.<sup id="cite_ref-GREEN_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GREEN-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lokasi pengolahan tambang raksa yang terbengkalai seringkali mengandung tumpukan limbah <a href="/wiki/Kalsinasi" title="Kalsinasi">kalsin</a> sinabar panggang yang sangat berbahaya. Limpasan air dari lokasi tersebut merupakan sumber kerusakan ekologis yang diakui. Bekas tambang raksa mungkin cocok untuk digunakan kembali secara konstruktif. Misalnya, pada tahun 1976 <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara County, California</a> membeli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Kabupaten_Quicksilver_Almaden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Kabupaten Quicksilver Almaden (halaman belum tersedia)">Tambang Quicksilver Almaden</a> yang bersejarah dan membuat taman daerah di lokasi tersebut, setelah melakukan analisis keselamatan dan lingkungan yang ekstensif terhadap properti tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senyawa">Senyawa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_raksa" title="Kategori:Senyawa raksa">Kategori:Senyawa raksa</a></div> <p>Semua senyawa raksa yang diketahui menunjukkan salah satu dari dua <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">keadaan oksidasi</a> positif: I dan II. Percobaan eksperimen telah gagal untuk secara jelas menunjukkan keadaan oksidasi yang lebih tinggi: elektrosintesis tahun 1976 dari spesies Hg(III) yang tidak stabil dan isolasi kriogenik dari <a href="/wiki/Raksa(IV)_fluorida" title="Raksa(IV) fluorida">HgF<sub>4</sub></a> tahun 2007 yang diklaim, memiliki interpretasi yang diperdebatkan dan tetap sulit (jika bukan tidak mungkin) untuk direproduksi.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senyawa_raksa(I)"><span id="Senyawa_raksa.28I.29"></span>Senyawa raksa(I)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa raksa(I)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa raksa(I)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tidak seperti tetangganya yang lebih ringan, <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">seng</a>, raksa biasanya membentuk senyawa stabil sederhana dengan ikatan logam–logam. Sebagian besar senyawa raksa(I) bersifat <a href="/wiki/Diamagnetisme" title="Diamagnetisme">diamagnetik</a> dan memiliki kation dimerik, Hg<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">2+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">2</span></span>. Turunannya yang stabil meliputi klorida dan nitrat. Perlakuan kompleksasi senyawa Hg(I) dengan ligan kuat seperti sulfida, sianida, dll. menginduksi disproporsionasi terhadap <span class="chemf nowrap">Hg<sup>2+</sup></span> dan raksa elemental.<sup id="cite_ref-henderson_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-henderson-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Raksa(I)_klorida" title="Raksa(I) klorida">Raksa(I) klorida</a>, suatu padatan tak berwarna yang juga dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kalomel" title="Kalomel">kalomel</a>, sebenarnya adalah senyawa dengan rumus Hg<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, dengan ikatan Cl–Hg–Hg–Cl. Ia adalah standar dalam elektrokimia. Ia akan bereaksi dengan klorin menghasilkan merkuriklorida, yang menolak oksidasi lebih lanjut. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(I)_hidrida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(I) hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">Raksa(I) hidrida</a>, gas tidak berwarna, memiliki rumus HgH, tidak mengandung ikatan Hg–Hg. </p><p>Menunjukkan kecenderungannya untuk berikatan dengan dirinya sendiri, raksa dapat membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikation_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polikation raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">polikation raksa</a>, yang terdiri dari rantai linear pusat raksa, ditutup dengan muatan positif. Salah satu contohnya adalah <span class="chemf nowrap">Hg<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">2+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">3</span></span>(AsF<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">6</span></span>)</span><sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senyawa_raksa(II)"><span id="Senyawa_raksa.28II.29"></span>Senyawa raksa(II)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa raksa(II)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa raksa(II)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raksa(II) adalah keadaan oksidasi yang paling umum dan juga yang utama di alam. Keempat raksa halida telah diketahui. Mereka membentuk kompleks tetrahedron dengan ligan lain tetapi halida mengadopsi geometri koordinasi linear, seperti yang dilakukan Ag<sup>+</sup>. Yang paling terkenal adalah <a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_klorida" title="Raksa(II) klorida">raksa(II) klorida</a>, suatu padatan putih yang mudah <a href="/wiki/Sublimasi_(perubahan_wujud_zat)" title="Sublimasi (perubahan wujud zat)">menyublim</a>. HgCl<sub>2</sub> membentuk <a href="/wiki/Kompleks_koordinasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompleks koordinasi">kompleks koordinasi</a> yang biasanya tetrahedron, misalnya <span class="chemf nowrap">HgCl<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">2−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_oksida" title="Raksa(II) oksida">Raksa(II) oksida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oksida" title="Oksida">oksida</a> utama raksa, muncul ketika logam ini terpapar udara dalam waktu lama pada suhu tinggi. Ia akan kembali ke unsur-unsurnya setelah dipanaskan mendekati suhu 400&#160;°C, seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a> dalam sintesis awal <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> murni.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hidroksida raksa dicirikan dengan buruk, sama seperti tetangganya emas dan perak. </p><p>Menjadi sebuah <a href="/wiki/Teori_asam%E2%80%93basa_keras_dan_lunak" title="Teori asam–basa keras dan lunak">logam lunak</a>, raksa membentuk turunan yang sangat stabil dengan <a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">kalkogen</a> yang lebih berat. Yang paling unggul adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_sulfida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa sulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">raksa(II) sulfida</a>, HgS, yang terjadi di alam sebagai bijih <a href="/wiki/Sinabar" title="Sinabar">sinabar</a> dan merupakan pigmen cemerlang <a href="/wiki/Merah_merona" title="Merah merona">vermilion</a>. Seperti ZnS, HgS mengkristal dalam dua <a href="/wiki/Polimorf" title="Polimorf">bentuk</a>, bentuk kubus kemerahan dan bentuk <a href="/wiki/Sfalerit" title="Sfalerit">sfalerit</a> hitam.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Yang terakhir terkadang terjadi secara alami sebagai metasinabar.<sup id="cite_ref-metacinnabar_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metacinnabar-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_selenida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa selenida (halaman belum tersedia)">Raksa(II) selenida</a> (HgSe) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_telurida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa telurida (halaman belum tersedia)">raksa(II) telurida</a> (HgTe) juga dikenal, di mana ia serta berbagai turunannya, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Raksa_kadmium_telurida" title="Raksa kadmium telurida">raksa kadmium telurida</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_seng_telurida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa seng telurida (halaman belum tersedia)">raksa seng telurida</a> dapat menjadi <a href="/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor">semikonduktor</a> yang berguna sebagai bahan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendeteksi_inframerah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendeteksi inframerah (halaman belum tersedia)">pendeteksi inframerah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Garam raksa(II) membentuk berbagai turunan kompleks dengan <a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">amonia</a>. Contohnya adalah basa Millon (Hg<sub>2</sub>N<sup>+</sup>), polimer satu dimensi (garam <span class="chemf nowrap">HgNH<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">2</span></span></span>)<sub>n</sub>), dan "endapan putih yang dapat melebur" atau [Hg(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub>. Dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_tetraiodomerkurat(II)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium tetraiodomerkurat(II) (halaman belum tersedia)">reagen Nessler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_tetraiodomerkurat(II)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium tetraiodomerkurat(II) (halaman belum tersedia)">kalium tetraiodomerkurat(II)</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">HgI<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">2−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span>) kadang-kadang masih digunakan untuk menguji amonia karena kecenderungannya untuk membentuk garam iodida yang sangat berwarna dari basa Millon. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_fulminat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) fulminat (halaman belum tersedia)">Raksa fulminat</a> adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Detonator" title="Detonator">detonator</a> yang banyak digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahan_peledak" title="Bahan peledak">bahan peledak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senyawa_organoraksa">Senyawa organoraksa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa organoraksa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa organoraksa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organoraksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia organoraksa (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia organoraksa</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">Senyawa</a> raksa organik secara historis dinilai penting tetapi nilai industrinya kecil di dunia barat. Garam raksa(II) adalah contoh langka dari kompleks logam sederhana yang bereaksi langsung dengan cincin aromatik. Senyawa organoraksa selalu dalam keadaan divalen serta biasanya dalam bentuk geometri dua koordinat dan linear. Tidak seperti senyawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organokadmium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia organokadmium (halaman belum tersedia)">organokadmium</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organoseng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia organoseng (halaman belum tersedia)">organoseng</a>, senyawa organoraksa tidak bereaksi dengan air. Mereka biasanya memiliki rumus HgR<sub>2</sub>, yang sering bersifat volatil, atau HgRX, yang sering berwujud padat, di mana R adalah <a href="/wiki/Aril" title="Aril">aril</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Alkil" title="Alkil">alkil</a> dan X biasanya halida atau asetat. <a href="/wiki/Metilraksa" title="Metilraksa">Metilraksa</a>, istilah umum untuk senyawa dengan rumus CH<sub>3</sub>HgX, adalah keluarga senyawa berbahaya yang sering ditemukan dalam air yang <a href="/wiki/Pencemaran" title="Pencemaran">tercemar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-methylHg_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-methylHg-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mereka muncul melalui proses yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Metilasi" title="Metilasi">biometilasi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Maximum_thermometer_close_up_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Maximum_thermometer_close_up_2.JPG/220px-Maximum_thermometer_close_up_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Maximum_thermometer_close_up_2.JPG/330px-Maximum_thermometer_close_up_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Maximum_thermometer_close_up_2.JPG/440px-Maximum_thermometer_close_up_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>Tabung <a href="/wiki/Termometer_air_raksa" title="Termometer air raksa">termometer air raksa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Raksa digunakan terutama untuk pembuatan bahan kimia industri atau untuk aplikasi listrik dan elektronik. Ia digunakan dalam beberapa <a href="/wiki/Termometer#Sejarah" title="Termometer">termometer cair</a>, terutama yang digunakan untuk mengukur suhu tinggi. Penggunaan raksa yang masih terus meningkat adalah gas raksa dalam <a href="/wiki/Lampu_pendar" title="Lampu pendar">lampu fluoresen</a>, sementara sebagian besar aplikasi lainnya perlahan-lahan dihentikan karena peraturan kesehatan dan keselamatan. Dalam beberapa aplikasi, raksa diganti dengan <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">paduan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galinstan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Galinstan (halaman belum tersedia)">Galinstan</a> yang kurang beracun tetapi jauh lebih mahal.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kedokteran">Kedokteran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Kedokteran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kedokteran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(kedokteran_gigi)" title="Amalgam (kedokteran gigi)">Amalgam (kedokteran gigi)</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Amalgam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Amalgam.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="161" /></a><figcaption>Amalgam yang digunakan sebagai penambal gigi</figcaption></figure> <p>Raksa dan senyawanya telah digunakan dalam pengobatan, meskipun saat ini jauh lebih jarang daripada sebelumnya, karena efek toksik raksa dan senyawanya telah lebih banyak dipahami. Contoh aplikasi terapeutik awal raksa diterbitkan pada tahun 1787 oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Lind_(naturalis)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Lind (naturalis) (halaman belum tersedia)">James Lind</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raksa adalah salah satu bahan dalam <a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(kedokteran_gigi)" title="Amalgam (kedokteran gigi)">amalgam gigi</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiomersal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiomersal (halaman belum tersedia)">Tiomersal</a> (disebut <i>Thimerosal</i> di Amerika Serikat) adalah <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik">senyawa organik</a> yang digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bahan_pengawet" title="Bahan pengawet">pengawet</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Vaksin" title="Vaksin">vaksin</a>, meskipun penggunaannya telah menurun.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tiomersal dimetabolisme menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etilraksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Etilraksa (halaman belum tersedia)">etil raksa</a>. Meskipun terdapat <a href="/wiki/Tiomersal_dan_vaksin" title="Tiomersal dan vaksin">spekulasi yang luas</a> bahwa pengawet berbasis raksa ini dapat menyebabkan atau memicu <a href="/wiki/Gangguan_spektrum_autisme" title="Gangguan spektrum autisme">autisme</a> pada anak-anak, penelitian ilmiah tidak menunjukkan bukti yang mendukung kaitan tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun demikian, tiomersal telah dihapus dari, atau dikurangi menjadi jumlah kecil di semua vaksin A.S. yang direkomendasikan untuk anak-anak berusia 6 tahun ke bawah, dengan pengecualian vaksin influenza yang tidak aktif.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Senyawa raksa lainnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merbromin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Merbromin (halaman belum tersedia)">merbromin</a> (Merkurokrom), adalah antiseptik topikal yang digunakan untuk luka dan goresan ringan yang masih digunakan di beberapa negara. </p><p>Raksa dalam bentuk salah satu bijihnya yang umum, sinabar, digunakan dalam berbagai pengobatan tradisional, khususnya <a href="/wiki/Pengobatan_tradisional_Tionghoa" title="Pengobatan tradisional Tionghoa">pengobatan tradisional Tionghoa</a>. Tinjauan keamanannya telah menemukan bahwa sinabar dapat menyebabkan keracunan raksa yang signifikan ketika dipanaskan, dikonsumsi <a href="/wiki/Overdosis" title="Overdosis">secara berlebihan</a>, atau dikonsumsi dalam jangka panjang, dan dapat memiliki efek buruk pada dosis terapeutik, meskipun efek dari dosis terapeutik biasanya dapat dibalik. Meskipun bentuk raksa ini tampaknya kurang beracun dibandingkan bentuk lain, penggunaannya dalam pengobatan tradisional Tionghoa belum dibenarkan, karena dasar terapeutik penggunaan sinabar tidaklah jelas.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saat ini, penggunaan raksa dalam pengobatan telah sangat menurun dalam segala hal, terutama di negara maju. <a href="/wiki/Termometer_air_raksa" title="Termometer air raksa">Termometer</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sfigmomanometer" title="Sfigmomanometer">sfigmomanometer</a> yang mengandung raksa ditemukan masing-masing pada awal abad ke-18 dan akhir abad ke-19. Pada awal abad ke-21, penggunaannya semakin menurun dan telah dilarang di beberapa negara, negara bagian, dan institusi medis. Pada tahun 2002, <a href="/wiki/Senat_Amerika_Serikat" title="Senat Amerika Serikat">Senat A.S.</a> mengesahkan undang-undang untuk menghentikan penjualan termometer raksa <a href="/wiki/Resep_dokter" title="Resep dokter">tanpa resep</a>. Pada tahun 2003, <a href="/wiki/Washington" title="Washington">Washington</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> negara bagian pertama yang melarang perangkat tekanan darah raksa.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Senyawa raksa ditemukan di beberapa <a href="/wiki/Obat_bebas" class="mw-redirect" title="Obat bebas">obat bebas</a>, meliputi <a href="/wiki/Antiseptik" title="Antiseptik">antiseptik</a> topikal, <a href="/wiki/Laksatif" title="Laksatif">obat pencahar</a> <a href="/wiki/Stimulan" title="Stimulan">stimulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topikal#Salep" title="Topikal">salep</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruam_popok" title="Ruam popok">ruam popok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetes_mata" title="Tetes mata">obat tetes mata</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semprotan_hidung&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Semprotan hidung (halaman belum tersedia)">semprotan hidung</a>. <a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengawas_Obat_dan_Makanan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat">FDA</a> memiliki "data yang tidak memadai untuk menetapkan pengakuan umum atas keamanan dan keefektifan" kandungan raksa dalam produk-produk ini.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Raksa masih digunakan dalam beberapa diuretik, meskipun penggantinya sekarang telah ada untuk sebagian besar penggunaan terapeutik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Produksi_klorin_dan_soda_kaustik">Produksi klorin dan soda kaustik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi klorin dan soda kaustik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi klorin dan soda kaustik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Klorin</a> dihasilkan dari <a href="/wiki/Natrium_klorida" title="Natrium klorida">natrium klorida</a> (garam biasa, NaCl) menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis" title="Elektrolisis">elektrolisis</a> untuk memisahkan logam <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a> dari gas klorin. Biasanya, garam tersebut dilarutkan dalam air untuk menghasilkan air garam. Produk sampingan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_kloralkali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses kloralkali (halaman belum tersedia)">proses kloralkali</a> semacam itu adalah hidrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) dan <a href="/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida">natrium hidroksida</a> (NaOH), yang biasa disebut soda kaustik atau <a href="/wiki/Lindi_(kimia)" title="Lindi (kimia)">lindi</a>. Sejauh ini, penggunaan raksa terbesar<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USEPA_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USEPA-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> pada akhir abad ke-20 adalah dalam proses sel raksa (juga disebut <a href="/wiki/Proses_Castner%E2%80%93Kellner" title="Proses Castner–Kellner">proses Castner–Kellner</a>) di mana logam natrium dibentuk sebagai <a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(kimia)" title="Amalgam (kimia)">amalgam</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Katode" title="Katode">katoda</a> yang terbuat dari raksa; natrium ini kemudian direaksikan dengan air untuk menghasilkan natrium hidroksida.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Banyak pelepasan raksa industri abad ke-20 berasal dari proses ini, meskipun tumbuhan modern diklaim aman dalam hal ini.<sup id="cite_ref-USEPA_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USEPA-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah sekitar tahun 1985, semua fasilitas produksi kloralkali baru yang dibangun di Amerika Serikat menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida#Produksi" title="Natrium hidroksida">teknologi sel membran atau sel diafragma</a> untuk memproduksi klorin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penggunaan_laboratorium">Penggunaan laboratorium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan laboratorium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan laboratorium"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa <a href="/wiki/Termometer_air_raksa" title="Termometer air raksa">termometer medis</a>, terutama untuk suhu tinggi, diisi dengan raksa; mereka secara bertahap menghilang. Di Amerika Serikat, penjualan termometer demam berisi raksa tanpa resep telah dilarang sejak tahun 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beberapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingkaran_meridian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingkaran meridian (halaman belum tersedia)">teleskop transit</a> menggunakan baskom air raksa untuk membentuk cermin datar dan benar-benar horizontal, berguna dalam menentukan referensi mutlak vertikal atau tegak lurus. Cermin parabola horizontal cekung dapat dibentuk dengan memutar raksa cair pada piringan, bentuk parabola dari cairan yang terbentuk akan memantulkan dan memfokuskan cahaya datang. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleskop_cermin_cair&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teleskop cermin cair (halaman belum tersedia)">Teleskop cermin cair</a> semacam itu lebih murah daripada teleskop cermin besar konvensional hingga faktor 100, tetapi cermin ini tidak dapat dimiringkan dan selalu mengarah lurus ke atas.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raksa cair adalah bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Elektrode" title="Elektrode">elektroda</a> referensi sekunder yang populer (disebut <a href="/wiki/Raksa(I)_klorida" title="Raksa(I) klorida">elektroda kalomel</a>) dalam <a href="/wiki/Elektrokimia" title="Elektrokimia">elektrokimia</a> sebagai alternatif dari <a href="/wiki/Elektrode_hidrogen_standar" title="Elektrode hidrogen standar">elektroda hidrogen standar</a>. Elektroda kalomel digunakan untuk menghitung <a href="/wiki/Potensial_elektrode" title="Potensial elektrode">potensial elektroda</a> <a href="/wiki/Setengah-sel" title="Setengah-sel">setengah sel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Terakhir, <a href="/wiki/Titik_tripel" title="Titik tripel">titik tripel</a> raksa, −38,8344&#160;°C, adalah titik tetap yang digunakan sebagai standar suhu untuk Skala Suhu Internasional (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Suhu_Internasional_tahun_1990&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Skala Suhu Internasional tahun 1990 (halaman belum tersedia)">ITS-90</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Polarografi" title="Polarografi">polarografi</a>, baik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrode_logam_cair&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrode logam cair (halaman belum tersedia)">elektroda raksa tetes</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> maupun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrode_logam_cair&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrode logam cair (halaman belum tersedia)">elektroda tetes raksa gantung</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> menggunakan raksa elemental. Penggunaan ini memungkinkan tersedianya elektroda baru yang tidak terkontaminasi untuk setiap pengukuran atau setiap percobaan baru. </p><p>Senyawa yang mengandung raksa juga digunakan dalam bidang <a href="/wiki/Biologi_struktur" title="Biologi struktur">biologi struktur</a>. Senyawa raksa seperti <a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_klorida" title="Raksa(II) klorida">raksa(II) klorida</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_tetraiodomerkurat(II)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium tetraiodomerkurat(II) (halaman belum tersedia)">kalium tetraiodomerkurat(II)</a> dapat ditambahkan pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalisasi_protein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristalisasi protein (halaman belum tersedia)">kristal protein</a> dalam upaya untuk membuat turunan atom berat yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masalah_fase&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masalah fase (halaman belum tersedia)">masalah fase</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Kristalografi_sinar-X" title="Kristalografi sinar-X">kristalografi sinar-X</a> melalui metode <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penggantian_isomorf_ganda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penggantian isomorf ganda (halaman belum tersedia)">penggantian isomorf</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamburan_sinar-X_anomali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamburan sinar-X anomali (halaman belum tersedia)">hamburan anomali</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penggunaan_pasar">Penggunaan pasar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan pasar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan pasar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raksa berwujud gas digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Lampu_uap_raksa" title="Lampu uap raksa">lampu uap raksa</a> serta beberapa tanda iklan jenis "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanda_neon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanda neon (halaman belum tersedia)">tanda neon</a>" dan <a href="/wiki/Lampu_pendar" title="Lampu pendar">lampu fluoresen</a>. Lampu bertekanan rendah tersebut memancarkan garis yang sangat sempit secara spektral, yang secara tradisional digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopi" title="Spektroskopi">spektroskopi optik</a> untuk kalibrasi posisi spektral. Lampu kalibrasi komersial dijual untuk tujuan ini; memantulkan lampu langit-langit fluoresen ke dalam spektrometer adalah praktik kalibrasi yang umum.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Raksa gas juga ditemukan di beberapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabung_lucutan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabung lucutan (halaman belum tersedia)">tabung elektron</a>, meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignitron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignitron (halaman belum tersedia)">ignitron</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiratron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiratron (halaman belum tersedia)">tiratron</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katup_busur_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Katup busur raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">penyearah busur raksa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia juga digunakan dalam lampu perawatan medis spesialis untuk penyamakan kulit dan disinfeksi.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Raksa gas ditambahkan pada lampu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katode_dingin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Katode dingin (halaman belum tersedia)">katoda dingin</a> berisi <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> untuk meningkatkan <a href="/wiki/Ionisasi" title="Ionisasi">ionisasi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_dan_konduktivitas_listrik" title="Resistivitas dan konduktivitas listrik">konduktivitas listrik</a>. Lampu berisi argon tanpa raksa akan menyala secara salah dan memiliki bintik-bintik kusam. Lampu yang mengandung raksa hanya dapat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanda_neon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanda neon (halaman belum tersedia)">dibombardir</a>/dipompa oven satu kali. Saat ditambahkan pada tabung berisi <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>, cahaya yang dihasilkan akan memiliki bintik merah/biru yang tidak konsisten hingga proses pembakaran awal selesai; pada akhirnya, ia akan menyala dengan warna biru pudar yang konsisten dan kusam.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Germicidal_UV_discharge_tube_glow_rotate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cahaya lembayung tua dari lucutan uap raksa dalam lampu germisida, di mana spektrumnya kaya akan radiasi ultraungu yang tak terlihat."><img alt="Cahaya lembayung tua dari lucutan uap raksa dalam lampu germisida, di mana spektrumnya kaya akan radiasi ultraungu yang tak terlihat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Germicidal_UV_discharge_tube_glow_rotate.jpg/230px-Germicidal_UV_discharge_tube_glow_rotate.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Germicidal_UV_discharge_tube_glow_rotate.jpg/345px-Germicidal_UV_discharge_tube_glow_rotate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Germicidal_UV_discharge_tube_glow_rotate.jpg/460px-Germicidal_UV_discharge_tube_glow_rotate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="516" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cahaya lembayung tua dari lucutan uap raksa dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_germisida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu germisida (halaman belum tersedia)">lampu germisida</a>, di mana spektrumnya kaya akan radiasi ultraungu yang tak terlihat.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mercuryvaporlamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Penyamak kulit mengandung lampu uap raksa bertekanan rendah dan dua lampu inframerah, yang berfungsi sebagai sumber cahaya dan pengimbang listrik"><img alt="Penyamak kulit mengandung lampu uap raksa bertekanan rendah dan dua lampu inframerah, yang berfungsi sebagai sumber cahaya dan pengimbang listrik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mercuryvaporlamp.jpg/213px-Mercuryvaporlamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mercuryvaporlamp.jpg/320px-Mercuryvaporlamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mercuryvaporlamp.jpg/427px-Mercuryvaporlamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Penyamak kulit mengandung lampu uap raksa bertekanan rendah dan dua lampu inframerah, yang berfungsi sebagai sumber cahaya dan <a href="/wiki/Balast_elektronik" title="Balast elektronik">pengimbang listrik</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Leuchtstofflampen-chtaube050409.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berbagai macam jenis lampu fluoresen."><img alt="Berbagai macam jenis lampu fluoresen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Leuchtstofflampen-chtaube050409.jpg/213px-Leuchtstofflampen-chtaube050409.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Leuchtstofflampen-chtaube050409.jpg/320px-Leuchtstofflampen-chtaube050409.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Leuchtstofflampen-chtaube050409.jpg/427px-Leuchtstofflampen-chtaube050409.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Berbagai macam jenis lampu fluoresen.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock-DSAC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miniatur Deep Space Atomic Clock adalah jam ion raksa berbasis perangkap ion linear, yang dirancang untuk navigasi radio yang tepat dan langsung di luar angkasa."><img alt="Miniatur Deep Space Atomic Clock adalah jam ion raksa berbasis perangkap ion linear, yang dirancang untuk navigasi radio yang tepat dan langsung di luar angkasa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock-DSAC.jpg/230px-Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock-DSAC.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock-DSAC.jpg/345px-Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock-DSAC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock-DSAC.jpg/460px-Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock-DSAC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miniatur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock (halaman belum tersedia)">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a> adalah jam ion raksa berbasis perangkap ion linear, yang dirancang untuk navigasi radio yang tepat dan langsung di luar angkasa.</div> </li> </ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock (halaman belum tersedia)">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a> (DSAC) yang sedang dikembangkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> menggunakan raksa dalam jam linear berbasis perangkap ion. Penggunaan baru raksa ini memungkinkan jam atom yang sangat kompak dengan kebutuhan energi rendah, dan karena itu ideal untuk digunakan pada wahana antariksa dan misi Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kosmetik">Kosmetik</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Kosmetik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kosmetik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raksa, sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiomersal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiomersal (halaman belum tersedia)">tiomersal</a>, banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Maskara" title="Maskara">maskara</a>. Pada tahun 2008, Minnesota menjadi negara bagian pertama di Amerika Serikat yang melarang penambahan raksa secara sengaja ke dalam kosmetik, memberikan standar yang lebih ketat daripada pemerintah federal.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebuah penelitian mengenai konsentrasi raksa urine rata-rata geometris mengidentifikasi sumber paparan (produk perawatan kulit) raksa anorganik yang sebelumnya tidak dikenal di antara penduduk <a href="/wiki/Kota_New_York" title="Kota New York">Kota New York</a>. Pemantauan biologis berbasis populasi juga menunjukkan bahwa tingkat konsentrasi raksa lebih tinggi pada konsumen makanan laut dan ikan.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pemutih_kulit">Pemutih kulit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Pemutih kulit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemutih kulit"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raksa efektif sebagai sebuah bahan aktif senyawa <a href="/wiki/Pemutih_kulit" title="Pemutih kulit">pemutih kulit</a> yang digunakan untuk depigmentasi kulit.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Konvensi_Minamata_mengenai_Raksa" title="Konvensi Minamata mengenai Raksa">Konvensi Minamata mengenai Raksa</a> membatasi konsentrasi raksa dalam pemutih kulit menjadi 1 bagian per juta. Namun, mulai tahun 2022, banyak produk pemutih yang dijual secara komersial terus melampaui batas tersebut, dan dianggap beracun.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senjata_api">Senjata api</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Senjata api" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senjata api"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_fulminat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) fulminat (halaman belum tersedia)">Raksa(II) fulminat</a> adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Bahan_peledak#Primer" title="Bahan peledak">bahan peledak primer</a> yang digunakan terutama sebagai <a href="/wiki/Primer_(amunisi)#Pemrimeran_internal" title="Primer (amunisi)">primer</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Selongsong_peluru" title="Selongsong peluru">selongsong</a> dalam senjata api. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penggunaan_historis">Penggunaan historis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan historis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan historis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mercury_Switch_without_housing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mercury_Switch_without_housing.jpg/220px-Mercury_Switch_without_housing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mercury_Switch_without_housing.jpg/330px-Mercury_Switch_without_housing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mercury_Switch_without_housing.jpg/440px-Mercury_Switch_without_housing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="2039" /></a><figcaption>Sakelar raksa kutub-tunggal lemparan-tunggal (SPST)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg/170px-Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg/255px-Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg/340px-Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pengukuran_tekanan" title="Pengukuran tekanan">Manometer</a> raksa untuk mengukur tekanan</figcaption></figure> <p>Banyak aplikasi bersejarah memanfaatkan sifat fisik raksa yang khas, terutama sebagai cairan padat dan logam cair: </p> <ul><li>Raksa cair dalam jumlah mulai dari 90 hingga 600 gram (3,2 hingga 21,2&#160;oz) telah ditemukan dari makam elit <a href="/wiki/Peradaban_Maya" title="Peradaban Maya">Maya</a> (100–700&#160;M)<sup id="cite_ref-Yuhas_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuhas-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> atau tempat penyimpanan ritual di enam lokasi. Raksa ini mungkin telah digunakan dalam mangkuk sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cermin_dalam_peradaban_Mesoamerika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cermin dalam peradaban Mesoamerika (halaman belum tersedia)">cermin</a> untuk tujuan <a href="/wiki/Ramalan" title="Ramalan">meramal</a>. Lima di antaranya berasal dari Periode Klasik peradaban Maya (sekitar 250–900) tetapi satu contoh mendahuluinya.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Di <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Spanyol Islam</a>, ia digunakan untuk mengisi kolam dekoratif. Kemudian, seniman Amerika <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Alexander Calder</a> membangun sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_mancur_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Air mancur raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">air mancur raksa</a> untuk Paviliun Spanyol pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_et_Techniques_dans_la_Vie_Moderne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (halaman belum tersedia)">Pameran Dunia 1937 di Paris</a>. Air mancur tersebut sekarang dipajang di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3_Joan_Mir%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundació Joan Miró (halaman belum tersedia)">Fundació Joan Miró</a> di <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Raksa digunakan di dalam umpan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kail_pancing&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kail pancing (halaman belum tersedia)">kail</a>. Bentuknya yang berat dan cair membuatnya berguna karena umpan tersebut membuat gerakan tidak teratur yang menarik saat raksa bergerak di dalamnya. Penggunaan semacam itu telah dihentikan karena masalah lingkungan, tetapi pembuatan ilegal dari kail penangkapan ikan ini modern banyak terjadi.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lensa_Fresnel" title="Lensa Fresnel">Lensa Fresnel</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Mercusuar" title="Mercusuar">mercusuar</a> tua biasanya mengapung dan berputar di bak air raksa yang berfungsi seperti bantalan.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfigmomanometer" title="Sfigmomanometer">Sfigmomanometer</a> raksa (pengukur tekanan darah), <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pompa_difusi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pompa difusi (halaman belum tersedia)">pompa difusi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koulometer_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koulometer raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">koulometer</a>, dan banyak instrumen laboratorium lainnya memanfaatkan sifat raksa sebagai cairan buram yang sangat padat dengan ekspansi termal yang hampir linear.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sebagai cairan penghantar listrik, ia digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakelar_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakelar raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">sakelar raksa</a> (termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakelar_lampu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakelar lampu (halaman belum tersedia)">sakelar lampu raksa rumah</a> yang dipasang sebelum tahun 1970), sakelar kemiringan yang digunakan dalam detektor api lama, dan sakelar kemiringan di beberapa termostat rumah.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Karena sifat akustiknya, raksa digunakan sebagai media propagasi dalam perangkat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Memori_garis_tunda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Memori garis tunda (halaman belum tersedia)">memori garis tunda</a> yang digunakan pada komputer digital awal pada pertengahan abad ke-20.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbin_uap_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Turbin uap raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">Turbin uap raksa</a> eksperimental dipasang untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar fosil.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pembangkit listrik South Meadow di Hartford, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a> menggunakan raksa sebagai <a href="/wiki/Fluida_kerja" title="Fluida kerja">fluida kerjanya</a>, dalam konfigurasi <a href="/wiki/Siklus_biner" title="Siklus biner">biner</a> dengan sirkuit air sekunder, selama beberapa tahun mulai akhir 1920-an dalam upaya meningkatkan efisiensi pembangkit. Beberapa pabrik lain dibangun, termasuk Stasiun Schiller di Portsmouth, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a>, yang mulai beroperasi pada tahun 1950. Ide tersebut tidak tersebar luas dalam industri karena berat dan toksisitas raksa, serta munculnya pembangkit uap <a href="/wiki/Fluida_superkritis" title="Fluida superkritis">superkritis</a> bertahun-tahun kemudian.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Demikian pula, raksa cair digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Cairan_pendingin" title="Cairan pendingin">pendingin</a> untuk beberapa <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_nuklir" title="Reaktor nuklir">reaktor nuklir</a>; namun, <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a> diusulkan untuk reaktor yang didinginkan dengan logam cair, karena kepadatan raksa yang tinggi membutuhkan lebih banyak energi untuk bersirkulasi sebagai pendingin.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Raksa adalah propelan untuk <a href="/wiki/Pendorong_ion" title="Pendorong ion">mesin ion</a> awal dalam sistem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propulsi_listrik_wahana_antariksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Propulsi listrik wahana antariksa (halaman belum tersedia)">propulsi ruang angkasa</a> listrik. Keuntungannya adalah berat molekul raksa yang tinggi, energi ionisasi yang rendah, energi ionisasi ganda yang rendah, kerapatan cairan yang tinggi, dan daya simpan cairan pada <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">suhu kamar</a>. Kerugiannya adalah kekhawatiran mengenai dampak lingkungan yang terkait dengan pengujian di darat dan kekhawatiran mengenai pendinginan dan kondensasi beberapa propelan pada wahana antariksa dalam operasi jangka panjang. Penerbangan luar angkasa pertama yang menggunakan propulsi listrik adalah pendorong ion berbahan bakar raksa yang dikembangkan di <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Research_Center" title="Glenn Research Center">Pusat Penelitian Glenn NASA</a> dan diterbangkan pada Space Electric Rocket Test "<a href="/w/index.php?title=SERT-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="SERT-1 (halaman belum tersedia)">SERT-1</a>" yang diluncurkan oleh <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> di <a href="/wiki/Fasilitas_Penerbangan_Wallops" title="Fasilitas Penerbangan Wallops">Fasilitas Penerbangan Wallops</a> pada tahun 1964. Penerbangan SERT-1 diikuti oleh penerbangan SERT-2 pada tahun 1970. Raksa dan <a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">sesium</a> adalah propelan pilihan untuk mesin ion sampai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratorium_HRL&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratorium HRL (halaman belum tersedia)">Laboratorium Penelitian Hughes</a> melakukan penelitian yang menemukan bahwa gas <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> dapat menjadi pengganti yang cocok. Xenon sekarang menjadi propelan pilihan untuk mesin ion karena memiliki berat molekul tinggi, sedikit atau tidak memiliki reaktivitas karena sifat <a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">gas mulianya</a>, dan memiliki kerapatan cairan yang tinggi di bawah penyimpanan kriogenik ringan.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Aplikasi lain memanfaatkan sifat kimia raksa: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">Baterai raksa</a> adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrochemical_cell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrochemical cell (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai elektrokimia</a> yang tidak dapat diisi ulang, sebuah <a href="/wiki/Baterai_sekali_pakai" title="Baterai sekali pakai">sel primer</a>, yang umum pada pertengahan abad ke-20. Ia digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi dan tersedia dalam berbagai ukuran, terutama ukuran tombol. Output voltasenya yang konstan dan umur simpan yang lama membuatnya cocok digunakan untuk pengukur cahaya kamera dan alat bantu dengar. Sel raksa secara efektif dilarang di sebagian besar negara pada 1990-an karena kekhawatiran mengenai tempat pembuangan sampah yang dicemari raksa.<sup id="cite_ref-IMERC_Mercury_Use_in_Batteries_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMERC_Mercury_Use_in_Batteries-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Raksa digunakan untuk mengawetkan kayu, mengembangkan <a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">daguerreotype</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelapisan_reflektif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelapisan reflektif (halaman belum tersedia)">pelapisan reflektif</a> <a href="/wiki/Cermin" title="Cermin">cermin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_antipenumpukan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cat antipenumpukan (halaman belum tersedia)">cat antipenumpukan</a> (dihentikan pada tahun 1990), <a href="/wiki/Herbisida" title="Herbisida">herbisida</a> (dihentikan pada tahun 1995), cat lateks interior, permainan labirin genggam, pembersih, dan perangkat perataan jalan pada mobil. Senyawa raksa telah digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Antiseptik" title="Antiseptik">antiseptik</a>, pencahar, <a href="/wiki/Antidepresan" title="Antidepresan">antidepresan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis">antisifilis</a>.</li> <li>Ia diduga digunakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Blok_Sekutu_dalam_Perang_Dunia_II" title="Blok Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II">mata-mata sekutu</a> untuk menyabotase pesawat Luftwaffe: pasta raksa dioleskan ke <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> kosong, menyebabkan logam tersebut cepat <a href="/wiki/Korosi" title="Korosi">berkarat</a>; ini akan menyebabkan kegagalan struktural.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_kloralkali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses kloralkali (halaman belum tersedia)">Proses kloralkali</a>: Penggunaan industri raksa terbesar selama abad ke-20 adalah dalam elektrolisis untuk memisahkan klorin dan natrium dari air garam; raksa menjadi <a href="/wiki/Anode" title="Anode">anoda</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Proses_Castner%E2%80%93Kellner" title="Proses Castner–Kellner">proses Castner–Kellner</a>. Klorin digunakan untuk memutihkan kertas (maka lokasi dari banyak pabrik proses ini berada di dekat pabrik kertas) sedangkan natrium digunakan untuk membuat natrium hidroksida untuk sabun dan produk pembersih lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Dufault-2009_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dufault-2009-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun penggunaan ini sebagian besar telah dihentikan dan diganti dengan teknologi lain yang memanfaatkan sel membran,<sup id="cite_ref-Dufault-2009_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dufault-2009-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Laporan Dewan Klorin Dunia menunjukkan masih ada sebelas pabrik yang beroperasi di Amerika Utara dan Selatan pada tahun 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sebagai <a href="/wiki/Elektrode" title="Elektrode">elektroda</a> dalam beberapa jenis <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis" title="Elektrolisis">elektrolisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baterai_listrik" title="Baterai listrik">baterai</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">sel raksa</a>), produksi <a href="/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida">natrium hidroksida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">klorin</a>, permainan genggam, <a href="/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis">katalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insektisida" title="Insektisida">insektisida</a>.</li> <li>Raksa pernah digunakan sebagai pembersih lubang laras senapan.<sup id="cite_ref-&#39;Francis1849&#39;_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-&#39;Francis1849&#39;-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-&#39;Castles2005&#39;_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-&#39;Castles2005&#39;-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dari pertengahan abad ke-18 hingga pertengahan abad ke-19, sebuah proses yang disebut "<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felt#Carroting" class="extiw" title="en:Felt">carroting</a></i>" digunakan dalam pembuatan topi <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felt</a>. Kulit binatang dibilas dalam larutan jingga (istilah "<i>carroting</i>" muncul dari warna ini) dari senyawa raksa <a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_nitrat" title="Raksa(II) nitrat">merkurinitrat</a>, Hg(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Proses ini memisahkan bulu dari kulitnya dan menyatukannya. Larutan ini dan uap yang dihasilkannya sangatlah beracun. <a href="/wiki/Dinas_Kesehatan_Masyarakat_Amerika_Serikat" title="Dinas Kesehatan Masyarakat Amerika Serikat">Dinas Kesehatan Masyarakat Amerika Serikat</a> melarang penggunaan raksa dalam industri felt pada bulan Desember 1941. Gejala psikologis yang terkait dengan keracunan raksa mengilhami ungkapan "<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_as_a_hatter" class="extiw" title="en:Mad as a hatter">mad as a hatter</a></i>". Tokoh "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatter_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatter (Alice&#39;s Adventures in Wonderland) (halaman belum tersedia)">Mad Hatter</a>" karya <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a> dalam bukunya <i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice&#39;s Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i> adalah permainan kata berdasarkan ungkapan yang lebih tua, tetapi tokoh itu sendiri tidak menunjukkan gejala keracunan raksa.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Penambangan emas dan perak. Secara historis, raksa digunakan secara luas dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penambangan_hidrolik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penambangan hidrolik (halaman belum tersedia)">penambangan emas hidrolik</a> untuk membantu emas tenggelam melalui campuran air-kerikil yang mengalir. Partikel tipis emas dapat membentuk amalgam raksa–emas sehingga daat meningkatkan tingkat pemulihan emas.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Penggunaan raksa dalam skala besar berhenti pada 1960-an. Namun, raksa masih digunakan dalam pencarian emas skala kecil, seringkali secara sembunyi-sembunyi. Diperkirakan bahwa 45.000 ton metrik raksa yang digunakan di California untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertambangan_plaser&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertambangan plaser (halaman belum tersedia)">pertambangan plaser</a> belum dipulihkan kembali.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Raksa juga digunakan dalam penambangan perak.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penggunaan_pengobatan_historis">Penggunaan pengobatan historis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan pengobatan historis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan pengobatan historis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Raksa(I)_klorida" title="Raksa(I) klorida">Raksa(I) klorida</a> (juga dikenal sebagai kalomel atau merkuroklorida) telah digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Obat_tradisional" title="Obat tradisional">pengobatan tradisional</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Diuretik" title="Diuretik">diuretik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disinfektan" title="Disinfektan">disinfektan</a> topikal, dan <a href="/wiki/Laksatif" title="Laksatif">pencahar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_klorida" title="Raksa(II) klorida">Raksa(II) klorida</a> (juga dikenal sebagai merkuriklorida atau sublimat korosif) pernah digunakan untuk mengobati <a href="/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis">sifilis</a> (bersama dengan senyawa raksa lainnya), meskipun ia sangat beracun sehingga terkadang gejala toksisitasnya dikacaukan dengan gejala sifilis yang diyakini dapat diobati.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia juga digunakan sebagai desinfektan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massa_biru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Massa biru (halaman belum tersedia)">Massa biru</a>, pil atau sirup yang mengandung raksa sebagai bahan utamanya, diresepkan sepanjang abad ke-19 untuk berbagai kondisi meliputi sembelit, depresi, melahirkan anak, dan sakit gigi.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada awal abad ke-20, raksa diberikan kepada anak-anak setiap tahun sebagai pencahar dan obat cacing, dan digunakan dalam bubuk tumbuh gigi untuk bayi. Organohalida yang mengandung raksa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merbromin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Merbromin (halaman belum tersedia)">merbromin</a> (terkadang dijual sebagai Mercurochrome) masih banyak digunakan tetapi telah dilarang di beberapa negara seperti Amerika Serikat.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toksisitas_dan_keamanan">Toksisitas dan keamanan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Toksisitas dan keamanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Toksisitas dan keamanan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Keracunan_raksa" title="Keracunan raksa">Keracunan raksa</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siklus_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siklus raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">Siklus raksa</a></div> <table class="infobox bordered" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:22em; text-align:left; ;"> <caption style="text-align:center;">Raksa </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Bahaya </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Piktogram_bahaya_GHS" title="Piktogram bahaya GHS">Piktogram GHS</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS06: Beracun"><img alt="GHS06: Beracun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS08: Bahaya Kesehatan"><img alt="GHS08: Bahaya Kesehatan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS09: Bahaya Lingkungan"><img alt="GHS09: Bahaya Lingkungan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sistem_Harmonisasi_Global_Klasifikasi_dan_Label_pada_Bahan_Kimia" title="Sistem Harmonisasi Global Klasifikasi dan Label pada Bahan Kimia">Keterangan bahaya GHS</a> </td> <td>{{{value}}} </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pernyataan_bahaya_GHS" title="Pernyataan bahaya GHS">Pernyataan bahaya GHS</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Fatal if inhaled">H330</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure">H372</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects">H410</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Langkah_perlindungan_GHS" title="Langkah perlindungan GHS">Langkah perlindungan GHS</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Obtain special instructions before use">P201</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray">P260</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Avoid release to the environment">P273</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection">P280</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="IF INHALED:">P304</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing">P340</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician">P310</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="IF exposed or concerned:">P308</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Get medical advice/attention">P313</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Collect spillage">P391</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Store in a well ventilated place">P403</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Keep container tightly closed">P233</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Raksa dan sebagian besar senyawanya sangat beracun dan harus ditangani dengan hati-hati; dalam kasus tumpahan yang melibatkan raksa (seperti dari <a href="/wiki/Termometer_air_raksa" title="Termometer air raksa">termometer</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Lampu_pendar" title="Lampu pendar">bola lampu fluoresen</a> tertentu), prosedur pembersihan khusus harus dijalankan untuk menghindari paparan dan menampung tumpahan.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Protokol menyerukan untuk secara fisik menggabungkan tetesan yang lebih kecil pada permukaan yang keras, menggabungkannya menjadi satu kolam yang lebih besar untuk memudahkan pembuangan dengan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Pipet_Pasteur" title="Pipet Pasteur">pipet</a>, atau dengan mendorong tumpahan secara lembut ke dalam wadah sekali pakai. Penyedot debu dan sapu menyebabkan penyebaran raksa yang lebih besar dan tidak boleh digunakan. Setelah itu, <a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">belerang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">seng</a>, atau bubuk halus lain yang dapat membentuk amalgam (paduan) dengan raksa pada suhu biasa ditaburkan di atas area tersebut sebelum dikumpulkan dan dibuang dengan benar. Membersihkan permukaan dan pakaian yang berpori tidak efektif untuk menghilangkan semua jejak raksa dan oleh karena itu disarankan untuk membuang barang-barang semacam ini jika terkena tumpahan raksa. </p><p>Raksa dapat diserap melalui kulit dan selaput lendir serta uap raksa dapat terhirup, sehingga wadah yang menampung raksa harus tertutup rapat untuk menghindari tumpahan dan penguapan. Pemanasan raksa, atau senyawa raksa yang dapat terurai saat dipanaskan, harus dilakukan dengan ventilasi yang memadai untuk meminimalkan paparan uap raksa. </p><p>Bentuk raksa yang paling beracun adalah <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik">senyawa organiknya</a>, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimetilraksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetilraksa (halaman belum tersedia)">dimetilraksa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Metilraksa" title="Metilraksa">metilraksa</a>. Raksa anorganik, dengan sendirinya, bagaimanapun, sangat beracun dengan paparan bersama timbal selama perkembangan anak.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Paparan raksa anorganik dikaitkan dengan perkembangan diabetes tipe-2 pada populasi manusia.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Raksa dapat menyebabkan keracunan kronis dan akut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paparan_makanan_terhadap_raksa">Paparan makanan terhadap raksa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Paparan makanan terhadap raksa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Paparan makanan terhadap raksa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada tahun 2021, Kongres Amerika Serikat mengeluarkan laporan mengenai masalah <a href="/wiki/Logam_berat" title="Logam berat">logam berat</a> dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makanan_bayi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Makanan bayi (halaman belum tersedia)">makanan bayi</a>, termasuk raksa dan <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para sarjana telah mempelajari efek paparan raksa anorganik makanan dari konsumsi makanan olahan.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pelepasan_di_lingkungan">Pelepasan di lingkungan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Pelepasan di lingkungan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pelepasan di lingkungan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mercury_in_Ice_Core_Upper_Fremont_Glacier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mercury_in_Ice_Core_Upper_Fremont_Glacier.svg/220px-Mercury_in_Ice_Core_Upper_Fremont_Glacier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mercury_in_Ice_Core_Upper_Fremont_Glacier.svg/330px-Mercury_in_Ice_Core_Upper_Fremont_Glacier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mercury_in_Ice_Core_Upper_Fremont_Glacier.svg/440px-Mercury_in_Ice_Core_Upper_Fremont_Glacier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Jumlah raksa atmosfer yang tersimpan di Gletser Fremont Atas Wyoming selama 270 tahun terakhir</figcaption></figure> <p>Laju pengendapan raksa praindustri dari atmosfer mungkin sekitar 4&#160;ng /(1&#160;L endapan es). Meskipun itu dapat dianggap sebagai tingkat keterpaparan alami, sumber regional atau global memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan. Letusan gunung berapi dapat meningkatkan sumber atmosfer sebanyak 4–6&#160;kali.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sumber alami, seperti <a href="/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi">gunung berapi</a>, bertanggung jawab atas sekitar setengah dari emisi raksa atmosfer. Setengah yang dihasilkan manusia dapat dibagi menjadi persentase perkiraan berikut:<sup id="cite_ref-Pacyna_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacyna-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>65% dari pembakaran stasioner, di mana <a href="/wiki/Pembangkit_listrik_tenaga_uap_batu_bara" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembangkit listrik tenaga uap batu bara">pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar batu bara</a> merupakan sumber agregat terbesar (40% dari emisi raksa A.S. pada tahun 1999). Ini termasuk pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar gas di mana raksa belum dihilangkan. Emisi dari pembakaran batu bara antara satu dan dua kali lipat lebih tinggi daripada emisi dari pembakaran minyak, tergantung negaranya.<sup id="cite_ref-Pacyna_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacyna-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>11% dari produksi emas. Tiga titik sumber emisi raksa terbesar di A.S. adalah tiga tambang emas terbesar. Pelepasan raksa hidrogeokimia dari tailing tambang emas telah dianggap sebagai sumber raksa atmosfer yang signifikan di Kanada bagian timur.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>6,8% dari produksi <a href="/wiki/Logam_nonfero" title="Logam nonfero">logam nonfero</a>, biasanya <a href="/wiki/Peleburan_(metalurgi)" title="Peleburan (metalurgi)">pelebur</a>.</li> <li>6,4% dari produksi <a href="/wiki/Semen" title="Semen">semen</a>.</li> <li>3,0% dari <a href="/wiki/Pengelolaan_sampah" title="Pengelolaan sampah">pembuangan limbah</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Sampah_padat" title="Sampah padat">limbah perkotaan</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbah_berbahaya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbah berbahaya (halaman belum tersedia)">berbahaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kremasi" title="Kremasi">krematorium</a>, dan pembakaran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumpur_limbah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumpur limbah (halaman belum tersedia)">lumpur limbah</a>.</li> <li>3,0% dari produksi <a href="/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida">soda kaustik</a>.</li> <li>1,4% dari produksi <a href="/wiki/Besi_kasar" title="Besi kasar">besi kasar</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Baja" title="Baja">baja</a>.</li> <li>1,1% dari produksi raksa, terutama untuk baterai.</li> <li>2,0% dari sumber lain.</li></ul> <p>Persentase di atas adalah perkiraan emisi raksa global yang disebabkan manusia pada tahun 2000, tidak termasuk pembakaran biomassa, sumber penting di beberapa wilayah.<sup id="cite_ref-Pacyna_115-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacyna-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kontaminasi raksa atmosfer baru-baru ini di udara perkotaan luar ruangan diukur pada 0,01–0,02&#160;μg/m<sup>3</sup>. Sebuah penelitian tahun 2001 mengukur kadar raksa di 12 lokasi dalam ruangan yang dipilih untuk mewakili penampang lintang tipe bangunan, lokasi, dan usia di wilayah New York. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa konsentrasi raksa meningkat secara signifikan dibandingkan konsentrasi di luar ruangan, pada kisaran 0,0065&#160;– 0,523&#160;μg/m<sup>3</sup>. Rata-ratanya adalah 0,069&#160;μg/m<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Danau buatan, atau <a href="/wiki/Waduk" title="Waduk">waduk</a>, dapat terkontaminasi raksa karena penyerapan air raksa dari pohon dan tanah yang terendam. Misalnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danau_Williston&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Danau Williston (halaman belum tersedia)">Danau Williston</a> di British Columbia bagian utara, yang tercipta akibat bendungan <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Peace_(Kanada)" title="Sungai Peace (Kanada)">Sungai Peace</a> pada tahun 1968, masih cukup terkontaminasi raksa sehingga tidak disarankan untuk mengonsumsi ikan dari danau tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tanah <a href="/wiki/Ibun_abadi" title="Ibun abadi">ibun abadi</a> telah mengakumulasi raksa melalui pengendapan atmosfer,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan pencairan ibun abadi di daerah <a href="/wiki/Kriosfer" title="Kriosfer">kriosferik</a> juga merupakan mekanisme pelepasan raksa ke danau, sungai, dan <a href="/wiki/Lahan_basah" title="Lahan basah">lahan basah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raksa juga masuk ke lingkungan melalui pembuangan produk tertentu yang tidak tepat (misalnya, penimbunan tanah, pembakaran). Produk yang mengandung raksa meliputi: suku cadang mobil, <a href="/wiki/Baterai_listrik" title="Baterai listrik">baterai</a>, bola lampu fluoresen, produk medis, termometer, dan termostat.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Karena masalah kesehatan (lihat di bawah), upaya <a href="/wiki/Pengelolaan_sampah" title="Pengelolaan sampah">pengurangan penggunaan racun</a> adalah untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan raksa dalam produk tersebut. Misalnya, jumlah raksa yang dijual di termostat di Amerika Serikat menurun dari 14,5&#160;ton pada tahun 2004 menjadi 3,9&#160;ton pada tahun 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagian besar termometer sekarang menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a> berpigmen, bukan raksa. Termometer air raksa kadang-kadang masih digunakan dalam bidang medis karena lebih akurat daripada termometer alkohol, meskipun keduanya umumnya digantikan oleh termometer elektronik dan lebih jarang oleh termometer galinstan. Termometer raksa masih banyak digunakan untuk aplikasi ilmiah tertentu karena akurasi dan jangkauan kerjanya yang lebih besar. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm/190px--Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="190" height="338" data-durationhint="9" data-mwtitle="Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street,_Tai_Po,_Hong_Kong,_2023.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Berkas:Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street,_Tai_Po,_Hong_Kong,_2023.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="270" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, vorbis&quot;" data-width="639" data-height="1136" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="406" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="608" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="82" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="136" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm/Joss_paper_burning_on_the_street%2C_Tai_Po%2C_Hong_Kong%2C_2023.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Pembakaran <a href="/wiki/Jinzhi_(ritual)" title="Jinzhi (ritual)">kertas dupa</a> di jalan, praktik yang sangat umum dilakukan, Tai Po, Hong Kong, 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>Sumber raksa yang kurang terkenal adalah pembakaran <a href="/wiki/Jinzhi_(ritual)" title="Jinzhi (ritual)">kertas dupa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> yang merupakan praktik yang sangat umum di tempat-tempat Asia seperti <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secara historis, salah satu pelepasan terbesar berasal dari pabrik Colex, pabrik pemisahan <a href="/wiki/Isotop_litium" title="Isotop litium">isotop litium</a> di Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Pabrik tersebut beroperasi pada 1950-an dan 1960-an. Catatannya tidak lengkap dan tidak jelas, tetapi komisi pemerintah memperkirakan sekitar dua juta pon raksa belum ditemukan.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_bencana_industri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar bencana industri (halaman belum tersedia)">Bencana industri</a> yang serius adalah pembuangan limbah senyawa raksa ke Teluk <a href="/wiki/Minamata,_Kumamoto" title="Minamata, Kumamoto">Minamata</a>, Jepang, antara tahun 1932 dan 1968. Diperkirakan lebih dari 3.000 orang menderita berbagai kelainan bentuk, gejala keracunan raksa yang parah, atau kematian yang kemudian dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Minamata" title="Penyakit Minamata">penyakit Minamata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nicotiana" title="Nicotiana">Tumbuhan tembakau</a> dengan mudah menyerap dan mengakumulasi <a href="/wiki/Logam_berat" title="Logam berat">logam berat</a> seperti raksa dari tanah di sekitarnya ke dalam daunnya. Ini kemudian dihirup selama <a href="/wiki/Pengisapan_tembakau" title="Pengisapan tembakau">pengisapan tembakau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Walaupun raksa adalah konstituen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asap_tembakau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asap tembakau (halaman belum tersedia)">asap tembakau</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-TalhoutSchulz2011_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TalhoutSchulz2011-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sebagian besar penelitian gagal menemukan korelasi yang signifikan antara pengisapan dan penyerapan Hg oleh manusia dibandingkan dengan sumber lain seperti paparan pekerjaan, konsumsi ikan, dan <a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(kedokteran_gigi)" title="Amalgam (kedokteran gigi)">tambalan gigi amalgam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontaminasi_sedimen">Kontaminasi sedimen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Kontaminasi sedimen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kontaminasi sedimen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sedimen di dalam <a href="/wiki/Estuari" title="Estuari">muara</a> industri-perkotaan yang besar bertindak sebagai tempat pembuangan yang penting untuk sumber titik dan polusi raksa yang tersebar di dalam daerah tangkapan air.<sup id="cite_ref-VaneBeriro2015_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VaneBeriro2015-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebuah penelitian tahun 2015 mengenai sedimen tepi pantai dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estuari_Thames&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Estuari Thames (halaman belum tersedia)">muara Thames</a> mengukur total raksa pada 0,01 hingga 12,07&#160;mg/kg dengan rata-rata 2,10&#160;mg/kg dan median 0,85&#160;mg/kg (n=351).<sup id="cite_ref-VaneBeriro2015_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VaneBeriro2015-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Konsentrasi raksa tertinggi terjadi di dalam dan sekitar kota <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> terkait dengan lumpur butiran halus dan kandungan karbon organik total yang tinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-VaneBeriro2015_136-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VaneBeriro2015-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Afinitas raksa yang kuat untuk sedimen kaya karbon juga telah teramati pada sedimen rawa asin di <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Mersey" title="Sungai Mersey">Sungai Mersey</a> dengan rata-rata 2&#160;mg/kg hingga 5&#160;mg/kg.<sup id="cite_ref-VaneJones2009_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VaneJones2009-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Konsentrasi ini jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang ditunjukkan pada sedimen sungai sungai rawa asin di New Jersey dan <a href="/wiki/Hutan_bakau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutan bakau">hutan bakau</a> di Tiongkok Selatan yang menunjukkan konsentrasi raksa rendah sekitar 0,2&#160;mg/kg.<sup id="cite_ref-VaneHarrison2008_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VaneHarrison2008-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VaneHarrison2009_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VaneHarrison2009-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paparan_pekerjaan">Paparan pekerjaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Sunting bagian: Paparan pekerjaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Paparan pekerjaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:EPA_workers_clean_up_residential_mercury_spill_(3986684199).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/EPA_workers_clean_up_residential_mercury_spill_%283986684199%29.jpg/220px-EPA_workers_clean_up_residential_mercury_spill_%283986684199%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/EPA_workers_clean_up_residential_mercury_spill_%283986684199%29.jpg/330px-EPA_workers_clean_up_residential_mercury_spill_%283986684199%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/EPA_workers_clean_up_residential_mercury_spill_%283986684199%29.jpg/440px-EPA_workers_clean_up_residential_mercury_spill_%283986684199%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Pekerja EPA membersihkan tumpahan raksa perumahan pada tahun 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>Karena efek kesehatan dari paparan raksa, penggunaan industri dan komersial raksa diatur di banyak negara. <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Kesehatan_Dunia" title="Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia">Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrasi_Keselamatan_dan_Kesehatan_Kerja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (halaman belum tersedia)">OSHA</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Institut_Nasional_untuk_Keselamatan_dan_Kesehatan_Kerja" title="Institut Nasional untuk Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja">NIOSH</a> semuanya memperlakukan raksa sebagai bahaya pekerjaan, dan telah menetapkan batas paparan pekerjaan spesifik. Pelepasan dan pembuangan raksa ke lingkungan diatur di A.S. terutama oleh <a href="/wiki/Badan_Perlindungan_Lingkungan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan Amerika Serikat">Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan Amerika Serikat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ikan">Ikan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Sunting bagian: Ikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Raksa_pada_ikan" title="Raksa pada ikan">Raksa pada ikan</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan">Ikan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kerang" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerang">kerang</a> memiliki kecenderungan alami untuk mengonsentrasikan raksa dalam tubuh mereka, seringkali dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Metilraksa" title="Metilraksa">metilraksa</a>, sebuah senyawa organik raksa yang sangat beracun. Spesies ikan yang berada pada <a href="/wiki/Rantai_makanan" title="Rantai makanan">rantai makanan</a> tingkat tinggi, seperti <a href="/wiki/Hiu" title="Hiu">hiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Todak" title="Todak">todak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenggiri_amerika" title="Tenggiri amerika">tenggiri amerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuna_sirip_biru" class="mw-disambig" title="Tuna sirip biru">tuna sirip biru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albakora" title="Albakora">tuna albakora</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Jabad" title="Jabad">jabad</a> mengandung konsentrasi raksa yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain. Karena raksa dan metilraksa larut dalam lemak, mereka menumpuk terutama di <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomi)" title="Organ (anatomi)">viscera</a>, meskipun juga ditemukan di seluruh jaringan otot.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kehadiran raksa dalam otot ikan dapat dipelajari dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Biopsi" title="Biopsi">biopsi</a> otot yang tidak mematikan.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Raksa yang ada pada ikan mangsa akan terakumulasi dalam predator yang memakannya. Karena ikan kurang efisien dalam membersihkan daripada mengakumulasi metilraksa, konsentrasi metilraksa dalam jaringan ikan akan meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. Jadi, spesies yang tinggi dalam rantai makanan mengumpulkan beban raksa dalam tubuh mereka yang bisa sepuluh kali lebih tinggi daripada spesies yang mereka konsumsi. Proses ini disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biomagnifikasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Biomagnifikasi (halaman belum tersedia)">biomagnifikasi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Keracunan_raksa" title="Keracunan raksa">Keracunan raksa</a> terjadi seperti ini di <a href="/wiki/Minamata,_Kumamoto" title="Minamata, Kumamoto">Minamata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a>, yang sekarang disebut <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Minamata" title="Penyakit Minamata">penyakit Minamata</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kosmetik_2">Kosmetik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Sunting bagian: Kosmetik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kosmetik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa krim wajah mengandung kadar raksa yang berbahaya. Sebagian besar mengandung raksa anorganik yang relatif tidak beracun, tetapi produk yang mengandung raksa organik yang sangat beracun telah ditemukan.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efek_dan_gejala_keracunan_raksa">Efek dan gejala keracunan raksa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Sunting bagian: Efek dan gejala keracunan raksa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Efek dan gejala keracunan raksa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Keracunan_raksa" title="Keracunan raksa">Keracunan raksa</a></div> <p>Efek toksik meliputi kerusakan pada otak, ginjal dan paru-paru. Keracunan raksa dapat mengakibatkan beberapa penyakit, antara lain <a href="/wiki/Acrodynia" title="Acrodynia">akrodinia</a> (penyakit merah muda), sindrom Hunter–Russell, dan <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Minamata" title="Penyakit Minamata">penyakit Minamata</a>. </p><p>Gejala biasanya meliputi gangguan sensorik (penglihatan, pendengaran, ucapan), sensasi yang terganggu, dan kurangnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koordinasi_motor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koordinasi motor (halaman belum tersedia)">koordinasi</a>. Jenis dan tingkat gejala yang ditunjukkan tergantung pada toksin, dosis, dan metode serta durasi paparan individual. <a href="/wiki/Kajian_kasus%E2%80%93kontrol" title="Kajian kasus–kontrol">Kajian kasus–kontrol</a> menunjukkan efek seperti <a href="/wiki/Tremor" title="Tremor">tremor</a>, gangguan keterampilan <a href="/wiki/Kognisi" title="Kognisi">kognitif</a> skills, dan gangguan tidur pada pekerja dengan paparan kronis terhadap uap raksa bahkan pada konsentrasi rendah dalam kisaran 0,7–42&#160;μg/m<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-ngim_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngim-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-liang_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liang-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebuah penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa paparan akut (4–8&#160;jam) terhadap kadar raksa elemental yang dihitung dari 1,1 hingga 44&#160;mg/m<sup>3</sup> akan mengakibatkan nyeri dada, <a href="/wiki/Dispnea" title="Dispnea">dispnea</a>, batuk, <a href="/wiki/Batuk_darah" title="Batuk darah">hemoptisis</a>, gangguan fungsi paru, dan bukti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pneumonitis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pneumonitis (halaman belum tersedia)">pneumonitis</a> interstisial.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Paparan akut uap raksa telah terbukti menghasilkan efek sistem saraf pusat yang mendalam, meliputi reaksi psikotik yang ditandai dengan <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">delirium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halusinasi" title="Halusinasi">halusinasi</a>, dan kecenderungan bunuh diri. Paparan pekerjaan telah mengakibatkan gangguan fungsional yang luas, meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eretisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eretisme (halaman belum tersedia)">eretisme</a>, iritabilitas, eksitabilitas, rasa malu yang berlebihan, dan <a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a>. Dengan paparan yang terus-menerus, tremor halus akan berkembang dan dapat meningkat menjadi kejang otot yang hebat. Tremor awalnya melibatkan tangan dan kemudian menyebar ke kelopak mata, bibir, dan lidah. Paparan tingkat rendah jangka panjang telah dikaitkan dengan gejala eretisme yang lebih halus, meliputi kelelahan, iritabilitas, kehilangan ingatan, mimpi yang jelas, dan <a href="/wiki/Gangguan_depresi_mayor" title="Gangguan depresi mayor">depresi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perawatan">Perawatan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=31" title="Sunting bagian: Perawatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perawatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penelitian mengenai pengobatan keracunan raksa masih terbatas. Obat yang tersedia saat ini untuk keracunan raksa akut meliputi pengelat N-asetil-D, L-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penisilamina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penisilamina (halaman belum tersedia)">penisilamina</a> (NAP), <a href="/wiki/Dimerkaprol" title="Dimerkaprol">British Anti-Lewisite</a> (BAL), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_2,3-dimerkapto-1-propanasulfonat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam 2,3-dimerkapto-1-propanasulfonat (halaman belum tersedia)">asam 2,3-dimerkapto-1-propanasulfonat</a> (DMPS), dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_dimerkaptosuksinat" title="Asam dimerkaptosuksinat">asam dimerkaptosuksinat</a> (DMSA). Dalam satu penelitian kecil yang melibatkan 11 pekerja konstruksi yang terpapar raksa elemental, para pasien diobati dengan DMSA dan NAP.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Terapi_khelasi" title="Terapi khelasi">Terapi khelasi</a> dengan kedua obat tersebut menghasilkan mobilisasi sebagian kecil dari perkiraan total raksa tubuh. DMSA mampu meningkatkan ekskresi raksa lebih besar daripada NAP.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peraturan">Peraturan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=32" title="Sunting bagian: Peraturan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peraturan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internasional">Internasional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=33" title="Sunting bagian: Internasional" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Internasional"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>140 negara telah menyetujui <a href="/wiki/Konvensi_Minamata_mengenai_Raksa" title="Konvensi Minamata mengenai Raksa">Konvensi Minamata mengenai Raksa</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Program_Lingkungan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Program Lingkungan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Program Lingkungan PBB</a> (UNEP) untuk mencegah emisi.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Konvensi tersebut ditandatangani pada 10 Oktober 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerika_Serikat">Amerika Serikat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=34" title="Sunting bagian: Amerika Serikat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Amerika Serikat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di Amerika Serikat, <a href="/wiki/Badan_Perlindungan_Lingkungan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan Amerika Serikat">Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan</a> bertugas mengatur dan mengelola kontaminasi raksa. Beberapa undang-undang memberi EPA otoritas ini, meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Udara_Bersih_(Amerika_Serikat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Udara Bersih (Amerika Serikat) (halaman belum tersedia)">UU Udara Bersih</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Air_Bersih_(Amerika_Serikat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Air Bersih (Amerika Serikat) (halaman belum tersedia)">UU Air Bersih</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Konservasi_dan_Pemulihan_Sumber_Daya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Konservasi dan Pemulihan Sumber Daya (halaman belum tersedia)">UU Konservasi dan Pemulihan Sumber Daya</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Air_Minum_Aman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Air Minum Aman (halaman belum tersedia)">UU Air Minum Aman</a>. Selain itu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Manajemen_Baterai_yang_Mengandung_Raksa_dan_Dapat_Diisi_Ulang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Manajemen Baterai yang Mengandung Raksa dan Dapat Diisi Ulang (halaman belum tersedia)">UU Manajemen Baterai yang Mengandung Raksa dan Dapat Diisi Ulang</a>, disahkan pada tahun 1996, menghapus penggunaan raksa dalam baterai secara bertahap, dan menyediakan pembuangan berbagai jenis baterai bekas yang efisien dan hemat biaya.<sup id="cite_ref-epa_regs_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa_regs-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Amerika Utara menyumbang sekitar 11% dari total emisi raksa antropogenik global pada tahun 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>UU Udara Bersih Amerika Serikat, yang disahkan pada tahun 1990, memasukkan raksa ke dalam daftar polutan beracun yang perlu dikendalikan semaksimal mungkin. Dengan demikian, industri yang melepaskan raksa dalam konsentrasi tinggi ke lingkungan setuju untuk memasang teknologi kontrol maksimum yang dapat dicapai (MACT). Pada bulan Maret 2005, EPA mengumumkan sebuah peraturan<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> yang menambahkan pembangkit listrik ke dalam daftar sumber yang harus dikontrol dan menerapkan sistem <a href="/wiki/Perdagangan_emisi" title="Perdagangan emisi">pembatasan dan perdagangan</a> nasional. Negara-negara bagian diberi waktu hingga November 2006 untuk memberlakukan kontrol yang lebih ketat, tetapi setelah tantangan hukum dari beberapa negara bagian, peraturan tersebut dibatalkan oleh pengadilan banding federal pada tanggal 8 Februari 2008. Aturan tersebut dianggap tidak cukup untuk orang yang tinggal di dekat pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara, mengingat efek negatif yang didokumentasikan dalam Laporan Penelitian EPA kepada Kongres tahun 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-nj_vs_epa_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj_vs_epa-156"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun, data yang lebih baru yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2015 menunjukkan bahwa setelah pengenalan kontrol yang lebih ketat, tingkat raksa menurun tajam, menunjukkan bahwa UU Udara Bersih memiliki dampak yang diharapkan.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>EPA mengumumkan aturan baru untuk <a href="/wiki/Pembangkit_listrik_tenaga_uap_batu_bara" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembangkit listrik tenaga uap batu bara">pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara</a> pada 22 Desember 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanur_semen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanur semen (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanur semen</a> yang membakar limbah berbahaya memiliki standar yang lebih longgar daripada <a href="/wiki/Insinerasi#Teknologi" title="Insinerasi">insinerator</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbah_berbahaya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbah berbahaya (halaman belum tersedia)">limbah berbahaya</a> standar di Amerika Serikat, dan akibatnya menjadi sumber polusi raksa yang tidak proporsional.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uni_Eropa">Uni Eropa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=35" title="Sunting bagian: Uni Eropa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Uni Eropa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a>, arahan mengenai Pembatasan Penggunaan Zat Berbahaya Tertentu dalam Peralatan Listrik dan Elektronik (lihat <a href="/wiki/RoHS" title="RoHS">RoHS</a>) melarang raksa dari produk listrik dan elektronik tertentu, dan membatasi jumlah raksa dalam produk lain hingga kurang dari 1000&#160;<a href="/wiki/Notasi_bagian_per#Bagian_per_juta" title="Notasi bagian per">ppm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eu_regs_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu_regs-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Terdapat batasan konsentrasi raksa dalam kemasan (batasannya adalah 100&#160;ppm untuk jumlah total raksa, <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kromium_heksavalen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kromium heksavalen (halaman belum tersedia)">kromium heksavalen</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a>) dan baterai (batasannya adalah 5&#160;ppm).<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada Juli 2007, Uni Eropa juga melarang raksa dalam alat ukur non-listrik, seperti <a href="/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer">termometer</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometer</a>. Larangan ini hanya berlaku untuk perangkat baru, dan berisi pengecualian untuk sektor perawatan kesehatan dan masa tenggang dua tahun untuk produsen barometer.<sup id="cite_ref-eu_reuters_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu_reuters-162"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norwegia">Norwegia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=36" title="Sunting bagian: Norwegia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Norwegia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a> memberlakukan larangan total penggunaan raksa dalam produksi dan impor/ekspor produk raksa, efektif 1 Januari 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-norway_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norway-163"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2002, beberapa danau di Norwegia ditemukan memiliki polusi raksa yang buruk, dengan kelebihan 1&#160;μg/g raksa dalam sedimennya.<sup id="cite_ref-environment_norway_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-environment_norway-164"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2008, Menteri Pengembangan Lingkungan Norwegia <a href="/wiki/Erik_Solheim" title="Erik Solheim">Erik Solheim</a> mengatakan: "Raksa adalah salah satu racun lingkungan yang paling berbahaya. Tersedia alternatif yang memuaskan untuk Hg dalam produk, dan oleh karena itu sepatutnya semakin mendorong pelarangan ini."<sup id="cite_ref-fda.gov_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda.gov-165"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swedia">Swedia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=37" title="Sunting bagian: Swedia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Swedia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Produk yang mengandung raksa dilarang di Swedia pada tahun 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=38" title="Sunting bagian: Denmark" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Denmark"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada tahun 2008, Denmark juga melarang amalgam raksa gigi,<sup id="cite_ref-fda.gov_165-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda.gov-165"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kecuali tambalan permukaan pengunyah <a href="/wiki/Gigi_geraham" title="Gigi geraham">geraham</a> pada gigi permanen (dewasa). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Raksa_dalam_seni">Raksa dalam seni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=39" title="Sunting bagian: Raksa dalam seni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Raksa dalam seni"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_mancur_raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Air mancur raksa (halaman belum tersedia)">Air Mancur Raksa</a></i>, patung <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Alexander Calder</a> tahun 1937, dipajang di balik kaca di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3_Joan_Mir%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundació Joan Miró (halaman belum tersedia)">Fundació Joan Miró</a> di <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, untuk mengendalikan <a href="/wiki/Keracunan_raksa" title="Keracunan raksa">uap raksa beracun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-calder_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calder-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_Gate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cloud Gate (halaman belum tersedia)">Cloud Gate</a></i>, sebuah patung publik tahun 2006 oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anish_Kapoor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anish Kapoor (halaman belum tersedia)">Anish Kapoor</a> di Chicago, Illinois, terinspirasi oleh raksa cair. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=40" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polusi_raksa_di_samudra" title="Polusi raksa di samudra">Polusi raksa di samudra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_merah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa merah (halaman belum tersedia)">Raksa merah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_COLEX&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses COLEX (halaman belum tersedia)">Proses COLEX</a> (pemisahan isotop)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=41" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/raksa">"Raksa"</a>. <i>KBBI Daring</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 Juli</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=KBBI+Daring&amp;rft.atitle=Raksa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Fraksa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/merkuri">"Merkuri"</a>. <i>KBBI Daring</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 Juli</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=KBBI+Daring&amp;rft.atitle=Merkuri&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Fmerkuri&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040324080747/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">"Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements And Inorganic Compounds"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>www-d0.fnal.gov</i>. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory: DØ Experiment (lagacy document). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 24 Maret 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 Agustus</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www-d0.fnal.gov&amp;rft.atitle=Magnetic+Susceptibility+of+the+Elements+And+Inorganic+Compounds&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felementmagn.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weast, Robert (1984). <i>CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm.&#160;E110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0464-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0464-4">0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&amp;rft.pages=E110&amp;rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&amp;rft.aulast=Weast&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203929/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hydrargyrum">"Definition of hydrargyrum | Dictionary.com"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/hydrargyrum">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 Agustus 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Definition+of+hydrargyrum+%7C+Dictionary.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fhydrargyrum&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Random House Webster&#39;s Unabridged Dictionary (halaman belum tersedia)">Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Guzmán-Maldonado, H.; Paredes-López, O. (September 1995). "Amylolytic enzymes and products derived from starch: a review". <i>Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition</i>. <b>35</b> (5): 373–403. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10408399509527706">10.1080/10408399509527706</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8573280">8573280</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Food+Science+and+Nutrition&amp;rft.atitle=Amylolytic+enzymes+and+products+derived+from+starch%3A+a+review&amp;rft.volume=35&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=373-403&amp;rft.date=1995-09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10408399509527706&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8573280&amp;rft.aulast=Guzm%C3%A1n-Maldonado&amp;rft.aufirst=H.&amp;rft.au=Paredes-L%C3%B3pez%2C+O.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Palacios-Fonseca, A.J.; Castro-Rosas, J.; Gómez-Aldapa, C.A.; Tovar-Benítez, T.; Millán-Malo, B.M.; del Real, A.; Rodríguez-García, M.E. (2002-06-25). "Effect of the alkaline and acid treatments on the physicochemical properties of corn starch". <i>CyTA – Journal of Food</i>. <b>11</b> (sup1): 67–74. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19476337.2012.761651">10.1080/19476337.2012.761651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CyTA+%E2%80%93+Journal+of+Food&amp;rft.atitle=Effect+of+the+alkaline+and+acid+treatments+on+the+physicochemical+properties+of+corn+starch&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=sup1&amp;rft.pages=67-74&amp;rft.date=2002-06-25&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19476337.2012.761651&amp;rft.aulast=Palacios-Fonseca&amp;rft.aufirst=A.J.&amp;rft.au=Castro-Rosas%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=G%C3%B3mez-Aldapa%2C+C.A.&amp;rft.au=Tovar-Ben%C3%ADtez%2C+T.&amp;rft.au=Mill%C3%A1n-Malo%2C+B.M.&amp;rft.au=del+Real%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Rodr%C3%ADguez-Garc%C3%ADa%2C+M.E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCnewpound-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCnewpound_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38480180">"New 12-sided pound coin to enter circulation in March"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 Januari 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=New+12-sided+pound+coin+to+enter+circulation+in+March&amp;rft.date=2017-01-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-38480180&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hammond, C. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626181434/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elements.pdf">"The Elements"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elements.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 26 Juni 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Elements&amp;rft.aulast=Hammond&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+R.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felements.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> in <cite class="citation book">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i> (edisi ke-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0486-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0486-5">0-8493-0486-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&amp;rft.edition=86&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Senese1997-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Senese1997_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Senese, F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070404210838/http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/periodic/faq/why-is-mercury-liquid.shtml">"Why is mercury a liquid at STP?"</a>. General Chemistry Online at Frostburg State University. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/periodic/faq/why-is-mercury-liquid.shtml">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Why+is+mercury+a+liquid+at+STP%3F&amp;rft.pub=General+Chemistry+Online+at+Frostburg+State+University&amp;rft.au=Senese%2C+F&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantoine.frostburg.edu%2Fchem%2Fsenese%2F101%2Fperiodic%2Ffaq%2Fwhy-is-mercury-liquid.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norrby-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norrby_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norrby_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Norrby, L.J. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semanticscholar.org/paper/caf75b791e27dbc7314c0ea8c543b914932f7426">"Why is mercury liquid? Or, why do relativistic effects not get into chemistry textbooks?"</a>. <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>68</b> (2): 110. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JChEd..68..110N">1991JChEd..68..110N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed068p110">10.1021/ed068p110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&amp;rft.atitle=Why+is+mercury+liquid%3F+Or%2C+why+do+relativistic+effects+not+get+into+chemistry+textbooks%3F&amp;rft.volume=68&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=110&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed068p110&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991JChEd..68..110N&amp;rft.au=Norrby%2C+L.J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsemanticscholar.org%2Fpaper%2Fcaf75b791e27dbc7314c0ea8c543b914932f7426&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i> (edisi ke-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. hlm.&#160;4.125–4.126. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0486-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0486-5">0-8493-0486-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&amp;rft.pages=4.125-4.126&amp;rft.edition=86&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161120061736/http://www.ptable.com/#Property/State">"Dynamic Periodic Table"</a>. <i>www.ptable.com</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ptable.com/#Property/State">versi asli</a> tanggal 20 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ptable.com&amp;rft.atitle=Dynamic+Periodic+Table&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ptable.com%2F%23Property%2FState&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Simons, E. N. (1968). <i>Guide to Uncommon Metals</i>. Frederick Muller. hlm.&#160;111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Guide+to+Uncommon+Metals&amp;rft.pages=111&amp;rft.pub=Frederick+Muller&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft.au=Simons%2C+E.+N.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Holman, Jack P. (2002). <i>Heat Transfer</i> (edisi ke-9th). New York, NY: cGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. hlm.&#160;600–606. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780072406559" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780072406559">9780072406559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Heat+Transfer&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&amp;rft.pages=600-606&amp;rft.edition=9th&amp;rft.pub=cGraw-Hill+Companies%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=9780072406559&amp;rft.aulast=Holman&amp;rft.aufirst=Jack+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Incropera 1 Dewitt 2 Bergman 3 Lavigne 4, Frank P. 1 David P. 2 Theodore L. 3 Adrienne S. 4 (2007). <i>Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer</i> (edisi ke-6). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. hlm.&#160;941–950. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780471457282" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780471457282">9780471457282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Heat+and+Mass+Transfer&amp;rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&amp;rft.pages=941-950&amp;rft.edition=6&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=9780471457282&amp;rft.aulast=Incropera+1+Dewitt+2+Bergman+3+Lavigne+4&amp;rft.aufirst=Frank+P.+1+David+P.+2+Theodore+L.+3+Adrienne+S.+4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwood,_Norman_N.;_Earnshaw,_A.1997" class="citation">Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i> (edisi ke-2), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7506-3365-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7506-3365-4">0-7506-3365-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.edition=2&amp;rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=0-7506-3365-4&amp;rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Norman+N.%3B+Earnshaw%2C+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gmelin, Leopold (1852). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509033751/http://books.google.com/books?id=1AI5AAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA128"><i>Hand book of chemistry</i></a>. Cavendish Society. hlm.&#160;103 (Na), 110 (W), 122 (Zn), 128 (Fe), 247 (Au), 338 (Pt). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1AI5AAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA128">versi asli</a> tanggal 9 Mei 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Hand+book+of+chemistry&amp;rft.pages=103+%28Na%29%2C+110+%28W%29%2C+122+%28Zn%29%2C+128+%28Fe%29%2C+247+%28Au%29%2C+338+%28Pt%29&amp;rft.pub=Cavendish+Society&amp;rft.date=1852&amp;rft.au=Gmelin%2C+Leopold&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1AI5AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA128&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Soratur (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603085942/https://books.google.com/books?id=N6HbxyaSt78C&amp;pg=PT14"><i>Essentials of Dental Materials</i></a>. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. hlm.&#160;14. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-7179-989-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-7179-989-3">978-81-7179-989-3</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N6HbxyaSt78C&amp;pg=PT14">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 Juni 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Dental+Materials&amp;rft.pages=14&amp;rft.pub=Jaypee+Brothers+Publishers&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-81-7179-989-3&amp;rft.au=Soratur&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN6HbxyaSt78C%26pg%3DPT14&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CorrAl-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CorrAl_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vargel, C.; Jacques, M.; Schmidt, M. P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&amp;pg=PA158"><i>Corrosion of Aluminium</i></a>. Elsevier. hlm.&#160;158. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780080444956" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780080444956">9780080444956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Corrosion+of+Aluminium&amp;rft.pages=158&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9780080444956&amp;rft.au=Vargel%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Jacques%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Schmidt%2C+M.+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNAABS5KrVDYC%26pg%3DPA158&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stillman-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stillman_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stillman_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stillman, J. M. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hdaAGF5Y1N0C"><i>Story of Alchemy and Early Chemistry</i></a>. Kessinger Publishing. hlm.&#160;7–9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7661-3230-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7661-3230-6">978-0-7661-3230-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Story+of+Alchemy+and+Early+Chemistry&amp;rft.pages=7-9&amp;rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7661-3230-6&amp;rft.au=Stillman%2C+J.+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhdaAGF5Y1N0C&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title="&#160;pranala nonaktif sejak April 2023">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/80/mercury">"Mercury – Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table"</a>. <i>www.rsc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.rsc.org&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+%E2%80%93+Element+information%2C+properties+and+uses+%7C+Periodic+Table&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fperiodic-table%2Felement%2F80%2Fmercury&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110916172302/http://www.ec.gc.ca/mercure-mercury/default.asp?lang=En&amp;n=9A4397AD-1">"Mercury and the environment — Basic facts"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_Canada&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Environment Canada (halaman belum tersedia)">Environment Canada</a>, Federal Government of Canada. 2004. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/mercure-mercury/default.asp?lang=En&amp;n=9A4397AD-1">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury+and+the+environment+%E2%80%94+Basic+facts&amp;rft.pub=Environment+Canada%2C+Federal+Government+of+Canada&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ec.gc.ca%2Fmercure-mercury%2Fdefault.asp%3Flang%3DEn%26n%3D9A4397AD-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121202092915/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~toxmetal/mercury/history.html">"Mercury — Element of the ancients"</a>. Center for Environmental Health Sciences, <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~toxmetal/mercury/history.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury+%E2%80%94+Element+of+the+ancients&amp;rft.pub=Center+for+Environmental+Health+Sciences%2C+Dartmouth+College&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dartmouth.edu%2F~toxmetal%2Fmercury%2Fhistory.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080704151150/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22854.htm">"Qin Shihuang"</a>. Ministry of Culture, <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">People's Republic of China</a>. 2003. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22854.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 Juli 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Qin+Shihuang&amp;rft.pub=Ministry+of+Culture%2C+People%27s+Republic+of+China&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaculture.org%2Fgb%2Fen_aboutchina%2F2003-09%2F24%2Fcontent_22854.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wright-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wright_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wright, David Curtis (2001). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofchina00wrig/page/49"><i>The History of China</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. Greenwood Publishing Group. hlm.&#160;49. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780313309403" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780313309403">9780313309403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+of+China&amp;rft.pages=49&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=9780313309403&amp;rft.au=Wright%2C+David+Curtis&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofchina00wrig%2Fpage%2F49&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Sobernheim, Moritz (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603004305/https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC&amp;pg=PA973">"Khumārawaih"</a>. Dalam Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor. <i>E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume IV: 'Itk–Kwaṭṭa</i>. Leiden: BRILL. hlm.&#160;973. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-08265-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-08265-6">978-90-04-08265-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC&amp;pg=PA973">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 Juni 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Khum%C4%81rawaih&amp;rft.btitle=E.J.+Brill%27s+first+encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+1913%E2%80%931936%2C+Volume+IV%3A+%27Itk%E2%80%93Kwa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa&amp;rft.place=Leiden&amp;rft.pages=973&amp;rft.pub=BRILL&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-08265-6&amp;rft.aulast=Sobernheim&amp;rft.aufirst=Moritz&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7CP7fYghBFQC%26pg%3DPA973&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yuhas-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yuhas_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yuhas_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Yuhas, Alan (24 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201200540/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/24/liquid-mercury-mexican-pyramid-teotihuacan">"Liquid mercury found under Mexican pyramid could lead to king's tomb"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/24/liquid-mercury-mexican-pyramid-teotihuacan">versi asli</a> tanggal 1 Desember 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Liquid+mercury+found+under+Mexican+pyramid+could+lead+to+king%27s+tomb&amp;rft.date=2015-04-24&amp;rft.aulast=Yuhas&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fapr%2F24%2Fliquid-mercury-mexican-pyramid-teotihuacan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hicks, R. D. (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/aristotledeanima005947mbp/aristotledeanima005947mbp_djvu.txt"><i>Aristotle De Anima</i></a>. Chapter 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Aristotle+De+Anima&amp;rft.place=Chapter+3&amp;rft.date=1907&amp;rft.au=Hicks%2C+R.+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Faristotledeanima005947mbp%2Faristotledeanima005947mbp_djvu.txt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pendergast, David M. (6 Agustus 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1982-08-06_217_4559/page/n58">"Ancient maya mercury"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>217</b> (4559): 533–535. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982Sci...217..533P">1982Sci...217..533P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.217.4559.533">10.1126/science.217.4559.533</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17820542">17820542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=Ancient+maya+mercury&amp;rft.volume=217&amp;rft.issue=4559&amp;rft.pages=533-535&amp;rft.date=1982-08-06&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17820542&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.217.4559.533&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982Sci...217..533P&amp;rft.aulast=Pendergast&amp;rft.aufirst=David+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_science_1982-08-06_217_4559%2Fpage%2Fn58&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611124757/http://www.guidetobelize.info/en/maya/belize-mayan-lamanai-guide.shtml">"Lamanai"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetobelize.info/en/maya/belize-mayan-lamanai-guide.shtml">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 Juni 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Lamanai&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidetobelize.info%2Fen%2Fmaya%2Fbelize-mayan-lamanai-guide.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hesse R W (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DIWEi5Hg93gC&amp;pg=PA120"><i>Jewelrymaking through history</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. hlm.&#160;120. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-313-33507-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-313-33507-5">978-0-313-33507-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Jewelrymaking+through+history&amp;rft.pages=120&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-313-33507-5&amp;rft.au=Hesse+R+W&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDIWEi5Hg93gC%26pg%3DPA120&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MercHz-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MercHz_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Eisler, R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gqc8wUvsI8cC"><i>Mercury hazards to living organisms</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8493-9212-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8493-9212-2">978-0-8493-9212-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury+hazards+to+living+organisms&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8493-9212-2&amp;rft.au=Eisler%2C+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgqc8wUvsI8cC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dirk van Delft; Peter Kes (September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilorentz.org/history/cold/DelftKes_HKO_PT.pdf">"The discovery of superconductivity"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Physics_Today" title="Physics Today">Physics Today</a></i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>63</b> (9): 38–43. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhT....63i..38V">2010PhT....63i..38V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.3490499">10.1063/1.3490499</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0031-9228">0031-9228</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(pengenal)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (pengenal)">Wikidata</a>&#160;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55869044" class="extiw" title="d:Q55869044">Q55869044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&amp;rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+superconductivity&amp;rft.volume=63&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.pages=38-43&amp;rft.date=2010-09&amp;rft.issn=0031-9228&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.3490499&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010PhT....63i..38V&amp;rft.au=Dirk+van+Delft&amp;rft.au=Peter+Kes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filorentz.org%2Fhistory%2Fcold%2FDelftKes_HKO_PT.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ehrlich, H. L.; Newman D. K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GerdDmwMTLkC&amp;pg=PA265"><i>Geomicrobiology</i></a>. CRC Press. hlm.&#160;265. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8493-7906-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8493-7906-2">978-0-8493-7906-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Geomicrobiology&amp;rft.pages=265&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8493-7906-2&amp;rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+H.+L.&amp;rft.au=Newman+D.+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGerdDmwMTLkC%26pg%3DPA265&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Rytuba, James J (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-geology_2003-01_43_3/page/n89">"Mercury from mineral deposits and potential environmental impact"</a>. <i>Environmental Geology</i>. <b>43</b> (3): 326–338. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00254-002-0629-5">10.1007/s00254-002-0629-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+from+mineral+deposits+and+potential+environmental+impact&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=326-338&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00254-002-0629-5&amp;rft.au=Rytuba%2C+James+J&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_environmental-geology_2003-01_43_3%2Fpage%2Fn89&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metacinnabar-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-metacinnabar_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-metacinnabar_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/min-2670.html">"Metacinnabar: Mineral information, data and localities"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Metacinnabar%3A+Mineral+information%2C+data+and+localities&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-2670.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326135650/http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1196u/Circ_1196_U.pdf">"Mercury Recycling in the United States in 2000"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Survei_Geologi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat">USGS</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1196u/Circ_1196_U.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 26 Maret 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury+Recycling+in+the+United+States+in+2000&amp;rft.pub=USGS&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fcirc%2Fc1196u%2FCirc_1196_U.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Burkholder, M.; Johnson, L. (2008). <i>Colonial Latin America</i>. Oxford University Press. hlm.&#160;157–159. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-504542-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-504542-0">978-0-19-504542-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Colonial+Latin+America&amp;rft.pages=157-159&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-504542-0&amp;rft.au=Burkholder%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;name-list-style=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jamieson, R W (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a4hPCX2XWDIC&amp;pg=PA33"><i>Domestic Architecture and Power</i></a>. Springer. hlm.&#160;33. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-306-46176-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-306-46176-7">978-0-306-46176-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Domestic+Architecture+and+Power&amp;rft.pages=33&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-306-46176-7&amp;rft.au=Jamieson%2C+R+W&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da4hPCX2XWDIC%26pg%3DPA33&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brooks_usgs-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brooks_usgs_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Brooks, W. E. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527203059/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/mercury/mercumcs07.pdf">"Mercury"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Survei_Geologi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/mercury/mercumcs07.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 27 Mei 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.au=Brooks%2C+W.+E.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fmercury%2Fmercumcs07.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usgs_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheaffer, Kristin N. (2023) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023-mercury.pdf">Mercury</a>. USGS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://act.credoaction.com/campaign/thanks_mercury/?rc=fb_share1">About the Mercury Rule</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501171523/http://act.credoaction.com/campaign/thanks_mercury/?rc=fb_share1">Diarsipkan</a> 1 Mei 2012 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Act.credoaction.com (21 Desember 2011). Diakses tanggal 4 Juli 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GREEN-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GREEN_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GREEN_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sheridan, M. (3 Mei 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090517122911/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6211261.ece">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Green' Lightbulbs Poison Workers: hundreds of factory staff are being made ill by mercury used in bulbs destined for the West"</a>. The Sunday Times (of London, UK). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6211261.ece">versi asli</a> tanggal 17 Mei 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%27Green%27+Lightbulbs+Poison+Workers%3A+hundreds+of+factory+staff+are+being+made+ill+by+mercury+used+in+bulbs+destined+for+the+West&amp;rft.date=2009-05-03&amp;rft.au=Sheridan%2C+M.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Farticle6211261.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Boulland M (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C6N03Lww1YsC&amp;pg=PA8"><i>New Almaden</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. hlm.&#160;8. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7385-3131-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7385-3131-1">978-0-7385-3131-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=New+Almaden&amp;rft.pages=8&amp;rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7385-3131-1&amp;rft.au=Boulland+M&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC6N03Lww1YsC%26pg%3DPA8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Untuk gambaran umum, lihat <cite class="citation journal">Riedel, S.; Kaupp, M. (2009). "The Highest Oxidation States of the Transition Metal Elements". <i>Coordination Chemistry Reviews</i>. <b>253</b> (5–6): 606–624. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ccr.2008.07.014">10.1016/j.ccr.2008.07.014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Coordination+Chemistry+Reviews&amp;rft.atitle=The+Highest+Oxidation+States+of+the+Transition+Metal+Elements&amp;rft.volume=253&amp;rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&amp;rft.pages=606-624&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ccr.2008.07.014&amp;rft.aulast=Riedel&amp;rft.aufirst=S.&amp;rft.au=Kaupp%2C+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><p>Sintesis 1976 yang diklaim adalah <cite class="citation journal">Deming, Richard&#160;L.; Allred, A.&#160;L.; Dahl, Alan&#160;R.; Herlinger, Albert&#160;W.; Kestner, Mark&#160;O. (July 1976). "Tripositive mercury. Low temperature electrochemical oxidation of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecanemercury(II) tetrafluoroborate". <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>98</b> (14): 4132–4137. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja00430a020">10.1021/ja00430a020</a>;</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Tripositive+mercury.+Low+temperature+electrochemical+oxidation+of+1%2C4%2C8%2C11-tetraazacyclotetradecanemercury%28II%29+tetrafluoroborate&amp;rft.volume=98&amp;rft.issue=14&amp;rft.pages=4132-4137&amp;rft.date=1976-07&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja00430a020&amp;rft.aulast=Deming&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&amp;rft.au=Allred%2C+A.+L.&amp;rft.au=Dahl%2C+Alan+R.&amp;rft.au=Herlinger%2C+Albert+W.&amp;rft.au=Kestner%2C+Mark+O.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> tetapi perhatikan bahwa Reidel &amp; Kaupp mengutip karya yang lebih baru dengan alasan bahwa ligan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siklam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siklam (halaman belum tersedia)">siklam</a> justru teroksidasi.</p><p>Isolasi 2007 yang diklaim adalah <cite class="citation journal">Xuefang Wang; Andrews, Lester; Riedel, Sebastian; Kaupp, Martin (2007). "Mercury Is a Transition Metal: The First Experimental Evidence for HgF<sub>4</sub>". <i>Angew. Chem. Int. Ed</i>. <b>46</b> (44): 8371–8375. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.200703710">10.1002/anie.200703710</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17899620">17899620</a>,</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Angew.+Chem.+Int.+Ed.&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+Is+a+Transition+Metal%3A+The+First+Experimental+Evidence+for+HgF%3Csub%3E4%3C%2Fsub%3E&amp;rft.volume=46&amp;rft.issue=44&amp;rft.pages=8371-8375&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.200703710&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17899620&amp;rft.au=Xuefang+Wang&amp;rft.au=Andrews%2C+Lester&amp;rft.au=Riedel%2C+Sebastian&amp;rft.au=Kaupp%2C+Martin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> tetapi identifikasi spektrum diperdebatkan dalam <cite class="citation journal">Rooms, J.&#160;F.; Wilson, A.&#160;V.; Harvey, I.; Bridgeman, A.&#160;J.; Young, N.&#160;A. (2008). "Mercury-fluorine interactions: a matrix isolation investigation of Hg⋯F<sub>2</sub>, HgF<sub>2</sub> and HgF<sub>4</sub> in argon matrices". <i>Phys Chem Chem Phys</i>. <b>10</b> (31): 4594–605. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PCCP...10.4594R">2008PCCP...10.4594R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fb805608k">10.1039/b805608k</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18665309">18665309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Phys+Chem+Chem+Phys&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury-fluorine+interactions%3A+a+matrix+isolation+investigation+of+Hg%E2%8B%AFF%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%2C+HgF%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+and+HgF%3Csub%3E4%3C%2Fsub%3E+in+argon+matrices&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.issue=31&amp;rft.pages=4594-605&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18665309&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fb805608k&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PCCP...10.4594R&amp;rft.aulast=Rooms&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+F.&amp;rft.au=Wilson%2C+A.+V.&amp;rft.au=Harvey%2C+I.&amp;rft.au=Bridgeman%2C+A.+J.&amp;rft.au=Young%2C+N.+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></p></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-henderson-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-henderson_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Henderson, W. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513101559/https://books.google.com/books?id=twdXz1jfVOsC&amp;pg=PA162"><i>Main group chemistry</i></a>. Great Britain: Royal Society of Chemistry. hlm.&#160;162. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85404-617-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85404-617-1">978-0-85404-617-1</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=twdXz1jfVOsC&amp;pg=PA162">versi asli</a> tanggal 13 Mei 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Main+group+chemistry&amp;rft.place=Great+Britain&amp;rft.pages=162&amp;rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-85404-617-1&amp;rft.au=Henderson%2C+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtwdXz1jfVOsC%26pg%3DPA162&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Brown, I. D.; Gillespie, R. J.; Morgan, K. R.; Tun, Z.; Ummat, P. K. (1984). "Preparation and crystal structure of mercury hexafluoroniobate (<span class="chemf nowrap">Hg<sub>3</sub>NbF<sub>6</sub></span>) and mercury hexafluorotantalate (<span class="chemf nowrap">Hg<sub>3</sub>TaF<sub>6</sub></span>): mercury layer compounds". <i>Inorganic Chemistry</i>. <b>23</b> (26): 4506–4508. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fic00194a020">10.1021/ic00194a020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&amp;rft.atitle=Preparation+and+crystal+structure+of+mercury+hexafluoroniobate+%28%3Cspan+class%3D%22chemf+nowrap%22%3EHg%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3ENbF%3Csub%3E6%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%29+and+mercury+hexafluorotantalate+%28%3Cspan+class%3D%22chemf+nowrap%22%3EHg%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3ETaF%3Csub%3E6%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3A+mercury+layer+compounds&amp;rft.volume=23&amp;rft.issue=26&amp;rft.pages=4506-4508&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fic00194a020&amp;rft.aulast=Brown&amp;rft.aufirst=I.+D.&amp;rft.au=Gillespie%2C+R.+J.&amp;rft.au=Morgan%2C+K.+R.&amp;rft.au=Tun%2C+Z.&amp;rft.au=Ummat%2C+P.+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rogalski, A (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4b3WLgomvd0C&amp;pg=PA507"><i>Infrared detectors</i></a>. CRC Press. hlm.&#160;507. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-5699-203-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-5699-203-3">978-90-5699-203-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Infrared+detectors&amp;rft.pages=507&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-5699-203-3&amp;rft.au=Rogalski%2C+A&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4b3WLgomvd0C%26pg%3DPA507&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-methylHg-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-methylHg_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">National Research Council (U.S.) – Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BPvWJbBMd7wC"><i>Toxicological effects of methylmercury</i></a>. National Academies Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-309-07140-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-309-07140-6">978-0-309-07140-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Toxicological+effects+of+methylmercury&amp;rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-309-07140-6&amp;rft.au=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29+%E2%80%93+Board+on+Environmental+Studies+and+Toxicology&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBPvWJbBMd7wC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Surmann, P; Zeyat, H (November 2005). "Voltammetric analysis using a self-renewable non-mercury electrode". <i>Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry</i>. <b>383</b> (6): 1009–13. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00216-005-0069-7">10.1007/s00216-005-0069-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16228199">16228199</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+Bioanalytical+Chemistry&amp;rft.atitle=Voltammetric+analysis+using+a+self-renewable+non-mercury+electrode&amp;rft.volume=383&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=1009-13&amp;rft.date=2005-11&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00216-005-0069-7&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16228199&amp;rft.au=Surmann%2C+P&amp;rft.au=Zeyat%2C+H&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lind, J (1787). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5545546">"An Account of the Efficacy of Mercury in the Cure of Inflammatory Diseases, and the Dysentery"</a>. <i>The London Medical Journal</i>. <b>8</b> (Pt 1): 43–56. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5545546">5545546</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29139904">29139904</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+London+Medical+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=An+Account+of+the+Efficacy+of+Mercury+in+the+Cure+of+Inflammatory+Diseases%2C+and+the+Dysentery&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.issue=Pt+1&amp;rft.pages=43-56&amp;rft.date=1787&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5545546&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29139904&amp;rft.aulast=Lind&amp;rft.aufirst=J&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5545546&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">FDA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061026030022/https://www.fda.gov/CBER/vaccine/thimerosal.htm">"Thimerosal in Vaccines"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengawas_Obat_dan_Makanan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat">Food and Drug Administration</a></i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/Cber/vaccine/thimerosal.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 26 Oktober 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Food+and+Drug+Administration&amp;rft.atitle=Thimerosal+in+Vaccines&amp;rft.au=FDA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FCber%2Fvaccine%2Fthimerosal.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Parker SK; Schwartz B; Todd J; Pickering LK (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatrics_2004-09_114_3/page/n252">"Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autistic spectrum disorder: a critical review of published original data"</a>. <i>Pediatrics</i>. <b>114</b> (3): 793–804. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX" title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.327.363">10.1.1.327.363</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2004-0434">10.1542/peds.2004-0434</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342856">15342856</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&amp;rft.atitle=Thimerosal-containing+vaccines+and+autistic+spectrum+disorder%3A+a+critical+review+of+published+original+data&amp;rft.volume=114&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=793-804&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.327.363&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15342856&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.2004-0434&amp;rft.au=Parker+SK&amp;rft.au=Schwartz+B&amp;rft.au=Todd+J&amp;rft.au=Pickering+LK&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_pediatrics_2004-09_114_3%2Fpage%2Fn252&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span> Erratum: <cite class="citation journal">Parker S, Todd J, Schwartz B, Pickering L (Januari 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatrics_2005-01_115_1/page/200">"Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autistic spectrum disorder: a critical review of published original data"</a>. <i>Pediatrics</i>. <b>115</b> (1): 200. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2004-2402">10.1542/peds.2004-2402</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15630018">15630018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&amp;rft.atitle=Thimerosal-containing+vaccines+and+autistic+spectrum+disorder%3A+a+critical+review+of+published+original+data&amp;rft.volume=115&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=200&amp;rft.date=2005-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.2004-2402&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15630018&amp;rft.au=Parker+S%2C+Todd+J%2C+Schwartz+B%2C+Pickering+L&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_pediatrics_2005-01_115_1%2Fpage%2F200&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929105040/https://www.fda.gov/Cber/vaccine/thimerosal.htm">"Thimerosal in vaccines"</a>. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 6 September 2007. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/cber/vaccine/thimerosal.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Thimerosal+in+vaccines&amp;rft.pub=Center+for+Biologics+Evaluation+and+Research%2C+U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration&amp;rft.date=2007-09-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fcber%2Fvaccine%2Fthimerosal.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Liu J; Shi JZ; Yu LM; Goyer RA; Waalkes MP (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755212">"Mercury in traditional medicines: is cinnabar toxicologically similar to common mercurials?"</a>. <i>Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)</i>. <b>233</b> (7): 810–7. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3181%2F0712-MR-336">10.3181/0712-MR-336</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755212">2755212</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18445765">18445765</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Exp.+Biol.+Med.+%28Maywood%29&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+in+traditional+medicines%3A+is+cinnabar+toxicologically+similar+to+common+mercurials%3F&amp;rft.volume=233&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.pages=810-7&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2755212&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18445765&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3181%2F0712-MR-336&amp;rft.au=Liu+J&amp;rft.au=Shi+JZ&amp;rft.au=Yu+LM&amp;rft.au=Goyer+RA&amp;rft.au=Waalkes+MP&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2755212&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004113348/http://www.ahanews.com/ahanews_app/jsp/display.jsp?dcrpath=AHA%2FNewsStory_Article%2Fdata%2Fann_030602_mercuryban&amp;domain=AHANEWS">"Two States Pass First-time Bans on Mercury Blood Pressure Devices"</a>. Health Care Without Harm. 2 Juni 2003. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahanews.com/ahanews_app/jsp/display.jsp?dcrpath=AHA/NewsStory_Article/data/ann_030602_mercuryban&amp;domain=AHANEWS">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 Oktober 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Two+States+Pass+First-time+Bans+on+Mercury+Blood+Pressure+Devices&amp;rft.pub=Health+Care+Without+Harm&amp;rft.date=2003-06-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahanews.com%2Fahanews_app%2Fjsp%2Fdisplay.jsp%3Fdcrpath%3DAHA%2FNewsStory_Article%2Fdata%2Fann_030602_mercuryban%26domain%3DAHANEWS&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313135424/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=310.545&amp;SearchTerm=mercury">"Title 21—Food and Drugs Chapter I—Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services Subchapter D—Drugs for Human Use Code of federal regulations"</a>. United States Food and Drug Administration. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=310.545&amp;SearchTerm=mercury">versi asli</a> tanggal 13 Maret 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Title+21%E2%80%94Food+and+Drugs+Chapter+I%E2%80%94Food+and+Drug+Administration+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+Subchapter+D%E2%80%94Drugs+for+Human+Use+Code+of+federal+regulations&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fscripts%2Fcdrh%2Fcfdocs%2Fcfcfr%2FCFRSearch.cfm%3Ffr%3D310.545%26SearchTerm%3Dmercury&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">"The CRB Commodity Yearbook (annual)". <i>The CRB Commodity Yearbook</i>: 173. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+CRB+Commodity+Yearbook&amp;rft.atitle=The+CRB+Commodity+Yearbook+%28annual%29&amp;rft.pages=173&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USEPA-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USEPA_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USEPA_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Leopold, B. R. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070621093346/http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r02104/600r02104chap3.pdf">"Chapter 3: Manufacturing Processes Involving Mercury. <i>Use and Release of Mercury in the United States</i>"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r02104/600r02104chap3.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 21 Juni 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Chapter+3%3A+Manufacturing+Processes+Involving+Mercury.+Use+and+Release+of+Mercury+in+the+United+States&amp;rft.pub=National+Risk+Management+Research+Laboratory%2C+Office+of+Research+and+Development%2C+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%2C+Cincinnati%2C+Ohio&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.au=Leopold%2C+B.+R.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fnrmrl%2Fpubs%2F600r02104%2F600r02104chap3.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060902010053/http://www.eurochlor.org/animations/mercury-cell.asp">"Chlorine Online Diagram of mercury cell process"</a>. Euro Chlor. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurochlor.org/animations/mercury-cell.asp">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Chlorine+Online+Diagram+of+mercury+cell+process&amp;rft.pub=Euro+Chlor&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurochlor.org%2Fanimations%2Fmercury-cell.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/b/OL17617678M">"Mercury Reduction Act of 2003"</a>. United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+Reduction+Act+of+2003&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fb%2FOL17617678M&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030818233315/http://www.govertschilling.nl/artikelen/science/030314_sc.htm">"Liquid-mirror telescope set to give stargazing a new spin"</a>. Govert Schilling. 14 Maret 2003. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govertschilling.nl/artikelen/science/030314_sc.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 Agustus 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Liquid-mirror+telescope+set+to+give+stargazing+a+new+spin&amp;rft.pub=Govert+Schilling&amp;rft.date=2003-03-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.govertschilling.nl%2Fartikelen%2Fscience%2F030314_sc.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gibson, B. K. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-royal-astronomical-society-of-canada_1991-08_85_4/page/n9">"Liquid Mirror Telescopes: History"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada</i>. <b>85</b>: 158. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JRASC..85..158G">1991JRASC..85..158G</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society+of+Canada&amp;rft.atitle=Liquid+Mirror+Telescopes%3A+History&amp;rft.volume=85&amp;rft.pages=158&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991JRASC..85..158G&amp;rft.au=Gibson%2C+B.+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-the-royal-astronomical-society-of-canada_1991-08_85_4%2Fpage%2Fn9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110918101521/http://wood.phy.ulaval.ca/index.php/Rotating_Liquid_Mirrors">"Laval University Liquid mirrors and adaptive optics group"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wood.phy.ulaval.ca/index.php/Rotating_Liquid_Mirrors">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Laval+University+Liquid+mirrors+and+adaptive+optics+group&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwood.phy.ulaval.ca%2Findex.php%2FRotating_Liquid_Mirrors&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brans, Y W; Hay W W (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M5pOAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA175"><i>Physiological monitoring and instrument diagnosis in perinatal and neonatal medicine</i></a>. CUP Archive. hlm.&#160;175. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-41951-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-41951-2">978-0-521-41951-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Physiological+monitoring+and+instrument+diagnosis+in+perinatal+and+neonatal+medicine&amp;rft.pages=175&amp;rft.pub=CUP+Archive&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-41951-2&amp;rft.au=Brans%2C+Y+W&amp;rft.au=Hay+W+W&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM5pOAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA175&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zoski, Cynthia G. (7 Februari 2007). <i>Handbook of Electrochemistry</i>. Elsevier Science. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-444-51958-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-444-51958-0">978-0-444-51958-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Electrochemistry&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&amp;rft.date=2007-02-07&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-444-51958-0&amp;rft.aulast=Zoski&amp;rft.aufirst=Cynthia+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kissinger, Peter; Heineman, William R. (23 Januari 1996). <i>Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded</i> (edisi ke-2). CRC. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8247-9445-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8247-9445-3">978-0-8247-9445-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Laboratory+Techniques+in+Electroanalytical+Chemistry%2C+Second+Edition%2C+Revised+and+Expanded&amp;rft.edition=2&amp;rft.pub=CRC&amp;rft.date=1996-01-23&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8247-9445-3&amp;rft.aulast=Kissinger&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.au=Heineman%2C+William+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hopkinson, G. R.; Goodman, T. M.; Prince, S. R. (2004). <i>A guide to the use and calibration of detector array equipment</i>. SPIE Press. hlm.&#160;125. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004gucd.book.....H">2004gucd.book.....H</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8194-5532-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8194-5532-1">978-0-8194-5532-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+guide+to+the+use+and+calibration+of+detector+array+equipment&amp;rft.pages=125&amp;rft.pub=SPIE+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004gucd.book.....H&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8194-5532-1&amp;rft.au=Hopkinson%2C+G.+R.&amp;rft.au=Goodman%2C+T.+M.&amp;rft.au=Prince%2C+S.+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Howatson A H (1965). "Chapter 8". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoga0000howa"><i>An Introduction to Gas Discharges</i></a>. Oxford: Pergamon Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-020575-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-020575-5">978-0-08-020575-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Chapter+8&amp;rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Gas+Discharges&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&amp;rft.date=1965&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-08-020575-5&amp;rft.au=Howatson+A+H&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoga0000howa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Milo G E; Casto B C (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-_9lhR_z6j8C&amp;pg=PA104"><i>Transformation of human diploid fibroblasts</i></a>. CRC Press. hlm.&#160;104. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8493-4956-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8493-4956-0">978-0-8493-4956-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Transformation+of+human+diploid+fibroblasts&amp;rft.pages=104&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8493-4956-0&amp;rft.au=Milo+G+E&amp;rft.au=Casto+B+C&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-_9lhR_z6j8C%26pg%3DPA104&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Shionoya, S. (1999). <i>Phosphor handbook</i>. CRC Press. hlm.&#160;363. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8493-7560-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8493-7560-6">978-0-8493-7560-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Phosphor+handbook&amp;rft.pages=363&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8493-7560-6&amp;rft.au=Shionoya%2C+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Robert L. Tjoelker; et al. (2016). 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Mohammed, Elisabeth; Bascombe, Shermel (9 Oktober 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5736993">"The evaluation of total mercury and arsenic in skin bleaching creams commonly used in Trinidad and Tobago and their potential risk to the people of the Caribbean"</a>. <i>Journal of Public Health Research</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 1097. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4081%2Fjphr.2017.1097">10.4081/jphr.2017.1097</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5736993">5736993</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29291194">29291194</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Public+Health+Research&amp;rft.atitle=The+evaluation+of+total+mercury+and+arsenic+in+skin+bleaching+creams+commonly+used+in+Trinidad+and+Tobago+and+their+potential+risk+to+the+people+of+the+Caribbean&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=1097&amp;rft.date=2017-10-09&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5736993&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29291194&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4081%2Fjphr.2017.1097&amp;rft.aulast=Mohammed&amp;rft.aufirst=Terry&amp;rft.au=Mohammed%2C+Elisabeth&amp;rft.au=Bascombe%2C+Shermel&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5736993&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Senthilingam, Meera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/09/world/zmwg-skin-whitening-creams-mercury-ecommerce-sites-intl-cmd/index.html">"Exclusive: Skin whitening creams containing high levels of mercury continue to be sold on the world's biggest e-commerce sites, new report finds"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CNN&amp;rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Skin+whitening+creams+containing+high+levels+of+mercury+continue+to+be+sold+on+the+world%27s+biggest+e-commerce+sites%2C+new+report+finds&amp;rft.aulast=Senthilingam&amp;rft.aufirst=Meera&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F03%2F09%2Fworld%2Fzmwg-skin-whitening-creams-mercury-ecommerce-sites-intl-cmd%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Healy, Paul F.; Blainey, Marc G. (2011). "Ancient Maya Mosaic Mirrors: Function, Symbolism, And Meaning". <i>Ancient Mesoamerica</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 229–244 (241). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0956536111000241">10.1017/S0956536111000241</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Ancient+Mesoamerica&amp;rft.atitle=Ancient+Maya+Mosaic+Mirrors%3A+Function%2C+Symbolism%2C+And+Meaning&amp;rft.volume=22&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=229-244+%28241%29&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0956536111000241&amp;rft.aulast=Healy&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul+F.&amp;rft.au=Blainey%2C+Marc+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lew K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pgUfSrD4gzQC&amp;pg=PA10"><i>Mercury</i></a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. hlm.&#160;10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4042-1780-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4042-1780-5">978-1-4042-1780-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury&amp;rft.pages=10&amp;rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4042-1780-5&amp;rft.au=Lew+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpgUfSrD4gzQC%26pg%3DPA10&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pearson L. F. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oY8nG-6B6v0C&amp;pg=PA29"><i>Lighthouses</i></a>. Osprey Publishing. hlm.&#160;29. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7478-0556-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7478-0556-4">978-0-7478-0556-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lighthouses&amp;rft.pages=29&amp;rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7478-0556-4&amp;rft.au=Pearson+L.+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoY8nG-6B6v0C%26pg%3DPA29&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ramanathan E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G8QyI1Nf0VQC&amp;pg=PA251"><i>AIEEE Chemistry</i></a>. Sura Books. hlm.&#160;251. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-7254-293-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-7254-293-1">978-81-7254-293-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=AIEEE+Chemistry&amp;rft.pages=251&amp;rft.pub=Sura+Books&amp;rft.isbn=978-81-7254-293-1&amp;rft.au=Ramanathan+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG8QyI1Nf0VQC%26pg%3DPA251&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Shelton, C. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cxPEiSXh44cC&amp;pg=PA260"><i>Electrical Installations</i></a>. Nelson Thornes. hlm.&#160;260. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7487-7979-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7487-7979-6">978-0-7487-7979-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Electrical+Installations&amp;rft.pages=260&amp;rft.pub=Nelson+Thornes&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7487-7979-6&amp;rft.au=Shelton%2C+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcxPEiSXh44cC%26pg%3DPA260&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9ycDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA40">"Popular Science"</a>. <i>The Popular Science Monthly</i>. Bonnier Corporation. <b>118</b> (3): 40. 1931.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Popular+Science+Monthly&amp;rft.atitle=Popular+Science&amp;rft.volume=118&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=40&amp;rft.date=1931&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9ycDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA40&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mueller, Grover C. (September 1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FigDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA22"><i>Cheaper Power from Quicksilver</i></a>. Popular Science.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cheaper+Power+from+Quicksilver&amp;rft.pub=Popular+Science&amp;rft.date=1929-09&amp;rft.au=Mueller%2C+Grover+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFigDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110221034317/http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/POWER/mercury/mercury.htm"><i>Mercury as a Working Fluid</i></a>. <i>Museum of Retro Technology</i>. 13 November 2008. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/POWER/mercury/mercury.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 21 Februari 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury+as+a+Working+Fluid&amp;rft.date=2008-11-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com%2FMUSEUM%2FPOWER%2Fmercury%2Fmercury.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Collier (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2KYVftKE9NUC&amp;pg=PA64"><i>Introduction to Nuclear Power</i></a>. Taylor &amp; Francis. hlm.&#160;64. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-56032-682-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-56032-682-3">978-1-56032-682-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Nuclear+Power&amp;rft.pages=64&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56032-682-3&amp;rft.au=Collier&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2KYVftKE9NUC%26pg%3DPA64&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091001110901/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/history/ds1.html">"Glenn Contributions to Deep Space 1"</a>. NASA. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/history/ds1.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 1 Oktober 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Glenn+Contributions+to+Deep+Space+1&amp;rft.pub=NASA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Fglenn%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fds1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090530080218/http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/E/electricprop.html">"Electric space propulsion"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/E/electricprop.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 Mei 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Electric+space+propulsion&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daviddarling.info%2Fencyclopedia%2FE%2Felectricprop.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMERC_Mercury_Use_in_Batteries-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMERC_Mercury_Use_in_Batteries_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121129031541/http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/imerc/factsheets/batteries.cfm">"IMERC Fact Sheet: Mercury Use in Batteries"</a>. Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association. Januari 2010. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/imerc/factsheets/batteries.cfm">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=IMERC+Fact+Sheet%3A+Mercury+Use+in+Batteries&amp;rft.pub=Northeast+Waste+Management+Officials%27+Association&amp;rft.date=2010-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newmoa.org%2Fprevention%2Fmercury%2Fimerc%2Ffactsheets%2Fbatteries.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gray_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gray, T. (22 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090720053255/http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2004-09/amazing-rusting-aluminum">"The Amazing Rusting Aluminum"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_Science&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Popular Science (halaman belum tersedia)">Popular Science</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2004-09/amazing-rusting-aluminum">versi asli</a> tanggal 20 Juli 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Amazing+Rusting+Aluminum&amp;rft.pub=Popular+Science&amp;rft.date=2004-09-22&amp;rft.au=Gray%2C+T.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popsci.com%2Fscitech%2Farticle%2F2004-09%2Famazing-rusting-aluminum&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dufault-2009-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dufault-2009_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dufault-2009_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dufault, Renee; Leblanc, Blaise; Schnoll, Roseanne; Cornett, Charles; Schweitzer, Laura; Wallinga, David; Hightower, Jane; Patrick, Lyn; Lukiw, Walter J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729135522/http://tankdc.com/getdoc/c21877bc-357a-4f46-980f-988e85d00a54/Article_51-10_Autism,_Mercury_and_High_Fructose_Co.aspx">"Mercury from Chlor-alkali plants"</a>. <i>Environmental Health</i>. <b>8</b>: 2. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1476-069X-8-2">10.1186/1476-069X-8-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637263">2637263</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19171026">19171026</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tankdc.com/getdoc/c21877bc-357a-4f46-980f-988e85d00a54/Article_51-10_Autism,_Mercury_and_High_Fructose_Co.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 Juli 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+from+Chlor-alkali+plants&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.pages=2&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2637263&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19171026&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1476-069X-8-2&amp;rft.aulast=Dufault&amp;rft.aufirst=Renee&amp;rft.au=Leblanc%2C+Blaise&amp;rft.au=Schnoll%2C+Roseanne&amp;rft.au=Cornett%2C+Charles&amp;rft.au=Schweitzer%2C+Laura&amp;rft.au=Wallinga%2C+David&amp;rft.au=Hightower%2C+Jane&amp;rft.au=Patrick%2C+Lyn&amp;rft.au=Lukiw%2C+Walter+J.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftankdc.com%2Fgetdoc%2Fc21877bc-357a-4f46-980f-988e85d00a54%2FArticle_51-10_Autism%2C_Mercury_and_High_Fructose_Co.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Council, World Chlorine (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/handle/20.500.11822/36451">"World Chlorine Council Report to UNEP on Chlor-Alkali Partnership-Data 2020"</a>. <i>World Chlorine Council Report</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=World+Chlorine+Council+Report&amp;rft.atitle=World+Chlorine+Council+Report+to+UNEP+on+Chlor-Alkali+Partnership-Data+2020&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft.aulast=Council&amp;rft.aufirst=World+Chlorine&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwedocs.unep.org%2Fxmlui%2Fhandle%2F20.500.11822%2F36451&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-&#39;Francis1849&#39;-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-&#39;Francis1849&#39;_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_William_Francis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George William Francis (halaman belum tersedia)">Francis, G. W.</a> (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemicalexperim01frangoog"><i>Chemical Experiments</i></a>. D. Francis. hlm.&#160;62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chemical+Experiments&amp;rft.pages=62&amp;rft.pub=D.+Francis&amp;rft.date=1849&amp;rft.aulast=Francis&amp;rft.aufirst=G.+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemicalexperim01frangoog&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-&#39;Castles2005&#39;-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-&#39;Castles2005&#39;_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Castles, W. T.; Kimball, V. F. (2005). <i>Firearms and Their Use</i>. Kessinger Publishing. hlm.&#160;104. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4179-8957-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4179-8957-7">978-1-4179-8957-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Firearms+and+Their+Use&amp;rft.pages=104&amp;rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4179-8957-7&amp;rft.au=Castles%2C+W.+T.&amp;rft.au=Kimball%2C+V.+F.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lee, J. D. (1999). <i>Concise Inorganic Chemistry</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-632-05293-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-632-05293-6">978-0-632-05293-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Concise+Inorganic+Chemistry&amp;rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-632-05293-6&amp;rft.au=Lee%2C+J.+D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Waldron, H. A. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1550196">"Did the Mad Hatter have mercury poisoning?"</a>. <i>Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.)</i>. <b>287</b> (6409): 1961. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.287.6409.1961">10.1136/bmj.287.6409.1961</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1550196">1550196</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6418283">6418283</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Br.+Med.+J.+%28Clin.+Res.+Ed.%29&amp;rft.atitle=Did+the+Mad+Hatter+have+mercury+poisoning%3F&amp;rft.volume=287&amp;rft.issue=6409&amp;rft.pages=1961&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1550196&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6418283&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.287.6409.1961&amp;rft.au=Waldron%2C+H.+A.&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1550196&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Alpers, C. N.; Hunerlach, M. P.; May, J. Y.; Hothem, R. L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080222034946/http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3014/">"Mercury Contamination from Historical Gold Mining in California"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Survei_Geologi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3014/">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 Februari 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury+Contamination+from+Historical+Gold+Mining+in+California&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.au=Alpers%2C+C.+N.&amp;rft.au=Hunerlach%2C+M.+P.&amp;rft.au=May%2C+J.+Y.&amp;rft.au=Hothem%2C+R.+L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Ffs%2F2005%2F3014%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519051437/http://corrosion-doctors.org/Elements-Toxic/Mercury-amalgamation.htm">"Mercury amalgamation"</a>. <i>Corrosion Doctors</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corrosion-doctors.org/Elements-Toxic/Mercury-amalgamation.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 19 Mei 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Corrosion+Doctors&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+amalgamation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorrosion-doctors.org%2FElements-Toxic%2FMercury-amalgamation.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Pimple, K. D.; Pedroni, J. A.; Berdon, V. (9 Juli 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050216215916/http://www.indiana.edu/~poynter/sas/lb/syphilis.html">"Syphilis in history"</a>. Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions at Indiana University-Bloomington. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiana.edu/~poynter/sas/lb/syphilis.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 Februari 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Syphilis+in+history&amp;rft.date=2002-07-09&amp;rft.au=Pimple%2C+K.+D.&amp;rft.au=Pedroni%2C+J.+A.&amp;rft.au=Berdon%2C+V.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiana.edu%2F~poynter%2Fsas%2Flb%2Fsyphilis.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mayell, H. (17 Juli 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080522125650/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/07/0717_lincoln.html">"Did Mercury in "Little Blue Pills" Make Abraham Lincoln Erratic?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic News</a></i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/07/0717_lincoln.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 Mei 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&amp;rft.atitle=Did+Mercury+in+%22Little+Blue+Pills%22+Make+Abraham+Lincoln+Erratic%3F&amp;rft.date=2007-07-17&amp;rft.au=Mayell%2C+H.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2001%2F07%2F0717_lincoln.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090411060622/http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2518/what-happened-to-mercurochrome">"What happened to Mercurochrome?"</a>. 23 Juli 2004. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2518/what-happened-to-mercurochrome">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=What+happened+to+Mercurochrome%3F&amp;rft.date=2004-07-23&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straightdope.com%2Fcolumns%2Fread%2F2518%2Fwhat-happened-to-mercurochrome&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/294594">"Mercury 294594"</a>. <i>Sigma-Aldrich</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sigma-Aldrich&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+294594&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F294594&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513130136/http://epa.gov/mercury/spills/index.htm">"Mercury: Spills, Disposal and Site Cleanup"</a>. Environmental Protection Agency. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/mercury/spills/index.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 13 Mei 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury%3A+Spills%2C+Disposal+and+Site+Cleanup&amp;rft.pub=Environmental+Protection+Agency&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fmercury%2Fspills%2Findex.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dufault, Renee J.; Wolle, Mesay M.; Kingston, H. M. Skip; Gilbert, Steven G.; Murray, Joseph A. (20 Juli 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8299913">"Connecting inorganic mercury and lead measurements in blood to dietary sources of exposure that may impact child development"</a>. <i>World Journal of Methodology</i>. <b>11</b> (4): 144–159. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5662%2Fwjm.v11.i4.144">10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.144</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8299913">8299913</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;pmc=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_pmc" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34322366">34322366</a> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;pmid=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_pmid" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Methodology&amp;rft.atitle=Connecting+inorganic+mercury+and+lead+measurements+in+blood+to+dietary+sources+of+exposure+that+may+impact+child+development&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=144-159&amp;rft.date=2021-07-20&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8299913&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34322366&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5662%2Fwjm.v11.i4.144&amp;rft.aulast=Dufault&amp;rft.aufirst=Renee+J.&amp;rft.au=Wolle%2C+Mesay+M.&amp;rft.au=Kingston%2C+H.+M.+Skip&amp;rft.au=Gilbert%2C+Steven+G.&amp;rft.au=Murray%2C+Joseph+A.&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8299913&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Saghazadeh, Amene; Rezaei, Nima (3 Oktober 2017). "Systematic review and meta-analysis links autism and toxic metals and highlights the impact of country development status: Higher blood and erythrocyte levels for mercury and lead, and higher hair antimony, cadmium, lead, and mercury". <i>Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry</i>. <b>79</b> (Pt B): 340–368. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pnpbp.2017.07.011">10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716727">28716727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Neuro-Psychopharmacology+and+Biological+Psychiatry&amp;rft.atitle=Systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+links+autism+and+toxic+metals+and+highlights+the+impact+of+country+development+status%3A+Higher+blood+and+erythrocyte+levels+for+mercury+and+lead%2C+and+higher+hair+antimony%2C+cadmium%2C+lead%2C+and+mercury&amp;rft.volume=79&amp;rft.issue=Pt+B&amp;rft.pages=340-368&amp;rft.date=2017-10-03&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pnpbp.2017.07.011&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28716727&amp;rft.aulast=Saghazadeh&amp;rft.aufirst=Amene&amp;rft.au=Rezaei%2C+Nima&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Shah-Kulkarni, Surabhi; Lee, Seulbi; Jeong, Kyoung Sook; Hong, Yun-Chul; Park, Hyesook; Ha, Mina; Kim, Yangho; Ha, Eun-Hee (1 Maret 2020). "Prenatal exposure to mixtures of heavy metals and neurodevelopment in infants at 6 months". <i>Environmental Research</i>. <b>182</b>: 109122. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ER....182j9122S">2020ER....182j9122S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envres.2020.109122">10.1016/j.envres.2020.109122</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32069757">32069757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Prenatal+exposure+to+mixtures+of+heavy+metals+and+neurodevelopment+in+infants+at+6+months&amp;rft.volume=182&amp;rft.pages=109122&amp;rft.date=2020-03-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32069757&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.envres.2020.109122&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020ER....182j9122S&amp;rft.aulast=Shah-Kulkarni&amp;rft.aufirst=Surabhi&amp;rft.au=Lee%2C+Seulbi&amp;rft.au=Jeong%2C+Kyoung+Sook&amp;rft.au=Hong%2C+Yun-Chul&amp;rft.au=Park%2C+Hyesook&amp;rft.au=Ha%2C+Mina&amp;rft.au=Kim%2C+Yangho&amp;rft.au=Ha%2C+Eun-Hee&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">He, Ka; Xun, Pengcheng; Liu, Kiang; Morris, Steve; Reis, Jared; Guallar, Eliseo (15 Mei 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3661833">"Mercury Exposure in Young Adulthood and Incidence of Diabetes Later in Life"</a>. <i>Diabetes Care</i>. <b>36</b> (6): 1584–1589. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2337%2Fdc12-1842">10.2337/dc12-1842</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3661833">3661833</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23423697">23423697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Diabetes+Care&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+Exposure+in+Young+Adulthood+and+Incidence+of+Diabetes+Later+in+Life&amp;rft.volume=36&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=1584-1589&amp;rft.date=2016-05-15&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3661833&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23423697&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2337%2Fdc12-1842&amp;rft.aulast=He&amp;rft.aufirst=Ka&amp;rft.au=Xun%2C+Pengcheng&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Kiang&amp;rft.au=Morris%2C+Steve&amp;rft.au=Reis%2C+Jared&amp;rft.au=Guallar%2C+Eliseo&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3661833&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tsai, Tsung-Lin; Kuo, Chin-Chi; Pan, Wen-Harn; Wu, Trong-Neng; Lin, Pinpin; Wang, Shu-Li (1 Mei 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018311747">"Type 2 diabetes occurrence and mercury exposure – From the National Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan"</a>. <i>Environment International</i>. <b>126</b>: 260–267. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envint.2019.02.038">10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.038</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30825744">30825744</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environment+International&amp;rft.atitle=Type+2+diabetes+occurrence+and+mercury+exposure+%E2%80%93+From+the+National+Nutrition+and+Health+Survey+in+Taiwan&amp;rft.volume=126&amp;rft.pages=260-267&amp;rft.date=2019-05-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.envint.2019.02.038&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30825744&amp;rft.aulast=Tsai&amp;rft.aufirst=Tsung-Lin&amp;rft.au=Kuo%2C+Chin-Chi&amp;rft.au=Pan%2C+Wen-Harn&amp;rft.au=Wu%2C+Trong-Neng&amp;rft.au=Lin%2C+Pinpin&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Shu-Li&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0160412018311747&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oversightdemocrats.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2021-02-04%20ECP%20Baby%20Food%20Staff%20Report.pdf">"Baby Foods Are Tainted with Dangerous Levels of Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>US House of Representatives Staff Report</i>. 4 Februari 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=US+House+of+Representatives+Staff+Report&amp;rft.atitle=Baby+Foods+Are+Tainted+with+Dangerous+Levels+of+Arsenic%2C+Lead%2C+Cadmium%2C+and+Mercury&amp;rft.date=2021-02-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foversightdemocrats.house.gov%2Fsites%2Fdemocrats.oversight.house.gov%2Ffiles%2F2021-02-04%2520ECP%2520Baby%2520Food%2520Staff%2520Report.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pirg.org/media-center/statement-new-congressional-report-paints-scary-picture-of-toxic-metals-in-baby-food/">"Statement: New congressional report paints scary picture of toxic metals in baby food"</a>. <i>PIRG</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PIRG&amp;rft.atitle=Statement%3A+New+congressional+report+paints+scary+picture+of+toxic+metals+in+baby+food&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpirg.org%2Fmedia-center%2Fstatement-new-congressional-report-paints-scary-picture-of-toxic-metals-in-baby-food%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/baby-food-toxic-heavy-metals-report-arsenic-mercury-report/">"New government report finds "toxic heavy metals" like arsenic and mercury in popular baby foods"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&amp;rft.atitle=New+government+report+finds+%22toxic+heavy+metals%22+like+arsenic+and+mercury+in+popular+baby+foods&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fbaby-food-toxic-heavy-metals-report-arsenic-mercury-report%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dufault, Renee; Schnoll, Roseanne; Lukiw, Walter J.; Leblanc, Blaise; Cornett, Charles; Patrick, Lyn; Wallinga, David; Gilbert, Steven G.; Crider, Raquel (27 Oktober 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773803">"Mercury exposure, nutritional deficiencies and metabolic disruptions may affect learning in children"</a>. <i>Behavioral and Brain Functions: BBF</i>. <b>5</b>: 44. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1744-9081-5-44">10.1186/1744-9081-5-44</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773803">2773803</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19860886">19860886</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Behavioral+and+Brain+Functions%3A+BBF&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+exposure%2C+nutritional+deficiencies+and+metabolic+disruptions+may+affect+learning+in+children&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.pages=44&amp;rft.date=2009-10-27&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2773803&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19860886&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1744-9081-5-44&amp;rft.aulast=Dufault&amp;rft.aufirst=Renee&amp;rft.au=Schnoll%2C+Roseanne&amp;rft.au=Lukiw%2C+Walter+J.&amp;rft.au=Leblanc%2C+Blaise&amp;rft.au=Cornett%2C+Charles&amp;rft.au=Patrick%2C+Lyn&amp;rft.au=Wallinga%2C+David&amp;rft.au=Gilbert%2C+Steven+G.&amp;rft.au=Crider%2C+Raquel&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2773803&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dufault, Renee; Schnoll, Roseanne; Lukiw, Walter J.; Leblanc, Blaise; Cornett, Charles; Patrick, Lyn; Wallinga, David; Gilbert, Steven G.; Crider, Raquel (27 Oktober 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773803">"Mercury exposure, nutritional deficiencies and metabolic disruptions may affect learning in children"</a>. <i>Behavioral and Brain Functions: BBF</i>. <b>5</b>: 44. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1744-9081-5-44">10.1186/1744-9081-5-44</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773803">2773803</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19860886">19860886</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Behavioral+and+Brain+Functions%3A+BBF&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+exposure%2C+nutritional+deficiencies+and+metabolic+disruptions+may+affect+learning+in+children&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.pages=44&amp;rft.date=2009-10-27&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2773803&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19860886&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1744-9081-5-44&amp;rft.aulast=Dufault&amp;rft.aufirst=Renee&amp;rft.au=Schnoll%2C+Roseanne&amp;rft.au=Lukiw%2C+Walter+J.&amp;rft.au=Leblanc%2C+Blaise&amp;rft.au=Cornett%2C+Charles&amp;rft.au=Patrick%2C+Lyn&amp;rft.au=Wallinga%2C+David&amp;rft.au=Gilbert%2C+Steven+G.&amp;rft.au=Crider%2C+Raquel&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2773803&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070704010753/http://toxics.usgs.gov/pubs/FS-051-02/">"Glacial Ice Cores Reveal A Record of Natural and Anthropogenic Atmospheric Mercury Deposition for the Last 270 Years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Survei_Geologi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat">United States Geological Survey</a> (USGS). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toxics.usgs.gov/pubs/FS-051-02/">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 Juli 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Glacial+Ice+Cores+Reveal+A+Record+of+Natural+and+Anthropogenic+Atmospheric+Mercury+Deposition+for+the+Last+270+Years&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey+%28USGS%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoxics.usgs.gov%2Fpubs%2FFS-051-02%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pacyna-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pacyna_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pacyna_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pacyna_115-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pacyna E G; Pacyna J M; Steenhuisen F; Wilson S (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_atmospheric-environment_2006-07_40_22/page/n27">"Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000"</a>. <i>Atmos Environ</i>. <b>40</b> (22): 4048. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AtmEn..40.4048P">2006AtmEn..40.4048P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2006.03.041">10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Atmos+Environ&amp;rft.atitle=Global+anthropogenic+mercury+emission+inventory+for+2000&amp;rft.volume=40&amp;rft.issue=22&amp;rft.pages=4048&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2006.03.041&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006AtmEn..40.4048P&amp;rft.au=Pacyna+E+G&amp;rft.au=Pacyna+J+M&amp;rft.au=Steenhuisen+F&amp;rft.au=Wilson+S&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_atmospheric-environment_2006-07_40_22%2Fpage%2Fn27&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208013531/http://www.epa.gov/mercury/">"What is EPA doing about mercury air emissions?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Badan_Perlindungan_Lingkungan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan Amerika Serikat">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/mercury/">versi asli</a> tanggal 8 Februari 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=What+is+EPA+doing+about+mercury+air+emissions%3F&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency+%28EPA%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fmercury%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Solnit, R. (September–Oktober 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005122256/http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/176/">"Winged Mercury and the Golden Calf"</a>. Orion Magazine. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/176/">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 Oktober 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Winged+Mercury+and+the+Golden+Calf&amp;rft.pub=Orion+Magazine&amp;rft.date=2006-09%2F2006-10&amp;rft.au=Solnit%2C+R.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orionmagazine.org%2Findex.php%2Farticles%2Farticle%2F176%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Maprani, Antu C.; Al, Tom A.; MacQuarrie, Kerry T.; Dalziel, John A.; Shaw, Sean A.; Yeats, Phillip A. (2005). "Determination of Mercury Evasion in a Contaminated Headwater Stream". <i>Environmental Science &amp; Technology</i>. <b>39</b> (6): 1679–87. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005EnST...39.1679M">2005EnST...39.1679M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fes048962j">10.1021/es048962j</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15819225">15819225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&amp;rft.atitle=Determination+of+Mercury+Evasion+in+a+Contaminated+Headwater+Stream&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=1679-87&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15819225&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fes048962j&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005EnST...39.1679M&amp;rft.aulast=Maprani&amp;rft.aufirst=Antu+C.&amp;rft.au=Al%2C+Tom+A.&amp;rft.au=MacQuarrie%2C+Kerry+T.&amp;rft.au=Dalziel%2C+John+A.&amp;rft.au=Shaw%2C+Sean+A.&amp;rft.au=Yeats%2C+Phillip+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325210734/http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/MercuryIndoor.pdf">"Indoor Air Mercury"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>newmoa.org</i>. Mei 2003. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/MercuryIndoor.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 25 Maret 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=newmoa.org&amp;rft.atitle=Indoor+Air+Mercury&amp;rft.date=2003-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newmoa.org%2Fprevention%2Fmercury%2FMercuryIndoor.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Meissner, Dirk (12 Mei 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/west-moberly-first-nations-concerned-about-mercury-contamination-in-fish-1.3070702">"West Moberly First Nations concerned about mercury contamination in fish"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. The Canadian Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=West+Moberly+First+Nations+concerned+about+mercury+contamination+in+fish&amp;rft.date=2015-05-12&amp;rft.aulast=Meissner&amp;rft.aufirst=Dirk&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbritish-columbia%2Fwest-moberly-first-nations-concerned-about-mercury-contamination-in-fish-1.3070702&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a100.gov.bc.ca/appsdata/acat/documents/r54457/CO94394_FinalReport-FIsh_Mercury_Investigation-Az_1531852633378_1851380586.pdf">"Williston-Dinosaur Watershed Fish Mercury Investigation: 2017 Report"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program, Peace Region. Juni 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Williston-Dinosaur+Watershed+Fish+Mercury+Investigation%3A+2017+Report&amp;rft.pub=Fish+and+Wildlife+Compensation+Program%2C+Peace+Region&amp;rft.date=2018-06&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fa100.gov.bc.ca%2Fappsdata%2Facat%2Fdocuments%2Fr54457%2FCO94394_FinalReport-FIsh_Mercury_Investigation-Az_1531852633378_1851380586.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schuster, Paul; Schaefer, Kevin; Aiken, George; Antweiler, Ronald; Dewild, John; et al. (2018). "Permafrost Stores a Globally Significant Amount of Mercury". <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. <b>45</b> (3): 1463–1471. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.1463S">2018GeoRL..45.1463S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2017GL075571">10.1002/2017GL075571</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&amp;rft.atitle=Permafrost+Stores+a+Globally+Significant+Amount+of+Mercury&amp;rft.volume=45&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=1463-1471&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F2017GL075571&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018GeoRL..45.1463S&amp;rft.aulast=Schuster&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rft.au=Schaefer%2C+Kevin&amp;rft.au=Aiken%2C+George&amp;rft.au=Antweiler%2C+Ronald&amp;rft.au=Dewild%2C+John&amp;rft.au=Gryziec%2C+Joshua&amp;rft.au=Gusmeroli%2C+Alessio&amp;rft.au=Hugelius%2C+Gustaf&amp;rft.au=Jafarov%2C+Elchin&amp;rft.au=Krabbenhoft%2C+David&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Lin&amp;rft.au=Herman-Mercer%2C+Nicole&amp;rft.au=Mu%2C+Cuicui&amp;rft.au=Roth%2C+David&amp;rft.au=Schaefer%2C+Tim&amp;rft.au=Streigl%2C+Robert&amp;rft.au=Wickland%2C+Kim&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Tingjun&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">St. Pierre, Kyra A.; Zolkos, Scott; Shakil, Sarah; Tank, Suzanne E.; St. Louis, Vincent L.; Kokelj, Steven V. (18 December 2018). "Unprecedented Increases in Total and Methyl Mercury Concentrations Downstream of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps in the Western Canadian Arctic". <i>Environmental Science &amp; Technology</i>. <b>52</b> (24): 14099–14109. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EnST...5214099S">2018EnST...5214099S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.est.8b05348">10.1021/acs.est.8b05348</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30474969">30474969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&amp;rft.atitle=Unprecedented+Increases+in+Total+and+Methyl+Mercury+Concentrations+Downstream+of+Retrogressive+Thaw+Slumps+in+the+Western+Canadian+Arctic&amp;rft.volume=52&amp;rft.issue=24&amp;rft.pages=14099-14109&amp;rft.date=2018-12-18&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30474969&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.est.8b05348&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018EnST...5214099S&amp;rft.aulast=St.+Pierre&amp;rft.aufirst=Kyra+A.&amp;rft.au=Zolkos%2C+Scott&amp;rft.au=Shakil%2C+Sarah&amp;rft.au=Tank%2C+Suzanne+E.&amp;rft.au=St.+Louis%2C+Vincent+L.&amp;rft.au=Kokelj%2C+Steven+V.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ci, Zhijia; Peng, Fei; Xue, Xian; Zhang, Xiaoshan (5 Mei 2020). "Permafrost Thaw Dominates Mercury Emission in Tibetan Thermokarst Ponds". <i>Environmental Science &amp; Technology</i>. <b>54</b> (9): 5456–5466. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020EnST...54.5456C">2020EnST...54.5456C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.est.9b06712">10.1021/acs.est.9b06712</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32294379">32294379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&amp;rft.atitle=Permafrost+Thaw+Dominates+Mercury+Emission+in+Tibetan+Thermokarst+Ponds&amp;rft.volume=54&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.pages=5456-5466&amp;rft.date=2020-05-05&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32294379&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.est.9b06712&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020EnST...54.5456C&amp;rft.aulast=Ci&amp;rft.aufirst=Zhijia&amp;rft.au=Peng%2C+Fei&amp;rft.au=Xue%2C+Xian&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xiaoshan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212061414/http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/epr/products/mercury.htm">"Mercury-containing Products"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Badan_Perlindungan_Lingkungan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan Amerika Serikat">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/epr/products/mercury.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 Februari 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury-containing+Products&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency+%28EPA%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fepaoswer%2Fnon-hw%2Freduce%2Fepr%2Fproducts%2Fmercury.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/imerc/factsheets/thermostats.pdf">IMERC Fact Sheet – Mercury Use in Thermostats</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120617061326/http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/imerc/factsheets/thermostats.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 17 Juni 2012 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Januari 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Shen, Huazhen; Tsai, Cheng-Mou; Yuan, Chung-Shin; Jen, Yi-Hsiu; Ie, Iau-Ren (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653516313716">"How incense and joss paper burning during the worship activities influences ambient mercury concentrations in indoor and outdoor environments of an Asian temple?"</a>. <i>Chemosphere</i>. <b>167</b>: 530–540. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Chmsp.167..530S">2017Chmsp.167..530S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2016.09.159">10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.159</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27764746">27764746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&amp;rft.atitle=How+incense+and+joss+paper+burning+during+the+worship+activities+influences+ambient+mercury+concentrations+in+indoor+and+outdoor+environments+of+an+Asian+temple%3F&amp;rft.volume=167&amp;rft.pages=530-540&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27764746&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2016.09.159&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017Chmsp.167..530S&amp;rft.aulast=Shen&amp;rft.aufirst=Huazhen&amp;rft.au=Tsai%2C+Cheng-Mou&amp;rft.au=Yuan%2C+Chung-Shin&amp;rft.au=Jen%2C+Yi-Hsiu&amp;rft.au=Ie%2C+Iau-Ren&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0045653516313716&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lin, Chunshui; Huang, Ru-Jin; Duan, Jing; Zhong, Haobin; Xu, Wei; Wu, Yunfei; Zhang, Renjian (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S026974912200121X">"Large contribution from worship activities to the atmospheric soot particles in northwest China"</a>. <i>Environmental Pollution</i>. <b>299</b>: 118907. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2022.118907">10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118907</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35091017">35091017</a> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;pmid=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_pmid" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&amp;rft.atitle=Large+contribution+from+worship+activities+to+the+atmospheric+soot+particles+in+northwest+China&amp;rft.volume=299&amp;rft.pages=118907&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2022.118907&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35091017&amp;rft.aulast=Lin&amp;rft.aufirst=Chunshui&amp;rft.au=Huang%2C+Ru-Jin&amp;rft.au=Duan%2C+Jing&amp;rft.au=Zhong%2C+Haobin&amp;rft.au=Xu%2C+Wei&amp;rft.au=Wu%2C+Yunfei&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Renjian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS026974912200121X&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233885602">"Parkinson's disease in occupational exposure to joss paper, a report of two cases"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Parkinson%27s+disease+in+occupational+exposure+to+joss+paper%2C+a+report+of+two+cases&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F233885602&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708173535/http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/ohre/new/findingaids/epidemiologic/oakridge1/intro.html">"Introduction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Energi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Energi Amerika Serikat">United States Department of Energy</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/ohre/new/findingaids/epidemiologic/oakridge1/intro.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 8 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Introduction&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hss.energy.gov%2Fhealthsafety%2Fohre%2Fnew%2Ffindingaids%2Fepidemiologic%2Foakridge1%2Fintro.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624205922/http://www.env.go.jp/en/chemi/hs/minamata2002/">"Minamata Disease The History and Measures"</a>. Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.env.go.jp/en/chemi/hs/minamata2002/">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 Juni 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Minamata+Disease+The+History+and+Measures&amp;rft.pub=Ministry+of+the+Environment%2C+Government+of+Japan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.env.go.jp%2Fen%2Fchemi%2Fhs%2Fminamata2002%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dennis Normile (27 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2013-09-27_341_6153/page/1446">"In Minamata, Mercury Still Divides"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>341</b> (6153): 1446–7. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Sci...341.1446N">2013Sci...341.1446N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.341.6153.1446">10.1126/science.341.6153.1446</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072902">24072902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=In+Minamata%2C+Mercury+Still+Divides&amp;rft.volume=341&amp;rft.issue=6153&amp;rft.pages=1446-7&amp;rft.date=2013-09-27&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24072902&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.341.6153.1446&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Sci...341.1446N&amp;rft.au=Dennis+Normile&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_science_2013-09-27_341_6153%2Fpage%2F1446&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pourkhabbaz, A.; Pourkhabbaz, H. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586865">"Investigation of Toxic Metals in the Tobacco of Different Iranian Cigarette Brands and Related Health Issues"</a>. <i>Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 636–644. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586865">3586865</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493960">23493960</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Iranian+Journal+of+Basic+Medical+Sciences&amp;rft.atitle=Investigation+of+Toxic+Metals+in+the+Tobacco+of+Different+Iranian+Cigarette+Brands+and+Related+Health+Issues&amp;rft.volume=15&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=636-644&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3586865&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23493960&amp;rft.aulast=Pourkhabbaz&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft.au=Pourkhabbaz%2C+H.&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3586865&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TalhoutSchulz2011-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TalhoutSchulz2011_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Talhout, Reinskje; Schulz, Thomas; Florek, Ewa; Van Benthem, Jan; Wester, Piet; Opperhuizen, Antoon (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084482">"Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke"</a>. <i>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</i>. <b>8</b> (12): 613–628. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph8020613">10.3390/ijerph8020613</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084482">3084482</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21556207">21556207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Research+and+Public+Health&amp;rft.atitle=Hazardous+Compounds+in+Tobacco+Smoke&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=613-628&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3084482&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21556207&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fijerph8020613&amp;rft.aulast=Talhout&amp;rft.aufirst=Reinskje&amp;rft.au=Schulz%2C+Thomas&amp;rft.au=Florek%2C+Ewa&amp;rft.au=Van+Benthem%2C+Jan&amp;rft.au=Wester%2C+Piet&amp;rft.au=Opperhuizen%2C+Antoon&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3084482&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bernhard, David, Rossmann, Andrea, Wick, Georg (2005). "Metals in Cigarette Smoke". <i>IUBMB Life</i>. <b>57</b> (12): 805–809. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15216540500459667">10.1080/15216540500459667</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16393783">16393783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IUBMB+Life&amp;rft.atitle=Metals+in+Cigarette+Smoke&amp;rft.volume=57&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=805-809&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15216540500459667&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16393783&amp;rft.au=Bernhard&amp;rft.au=David&amp;rft.au=Rossmann&amp;rft.au=Andrea&amp;rft.au=Wick&amp;rft.au=Georg&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VaneBeriro2015-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VaneBeriro2015_136-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VaneBeriro2015_136-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VaneBeriro2015_136-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vane, Christopher H.; Beriro, Darren J.; Turner, Grenville H. (2015). "Rise and fall of mercury (Hg) pollution in sediment cores of the Thames Estuary, London, UK". <i>Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh</i>. <b>105</b> (4): 285–296. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1755691015000158">10.1017/S1755691015000158</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Earth+and+Environmental+Science+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&amp;rft.atitle=Rise+and+fall+of+mercury+%28Hg%29+pollution+in+sediment+cores+of+the+Thames+Estuary%2C+London%2C+UK&amp;rft.volume=105&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=285-296&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1755691015000158&amp;rft.aulast=Vane&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher+H.&amp;rft.au=Beriro%2C+Darren+J.&amp;rft.au=Turner%2C+Grenville+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VaneJones2009-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VaneJones2009_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vane, C.H.; Jones, D.G.; Lister, T.R. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/7405/1/Vane_et_al__2009_Mersey_Hg_9_3_09.pdf">"Mercury contamination in surface sediments and sediment cores of the Mersey Estuary, UK"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i>. <b>58</b> (6): 940–946. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009MarPB..58..940V">2009MarPB..58..940V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2009.03.006">10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.03.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19356771">19356771</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+contamination+in+surface+sediments+and+sediment+cores+of+the+Mersey+Estuary%2C+UK&amp;rft.volume=58&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=940-946&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19356771&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2009.03.006&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009MarPB..58..940V&amp;rft.aulast=Vane&amp;rft.aufirst=C.H.&amp;rft.au=Jones%2C+D.G.&amp;rft.au=Lister%2C+T.R.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnora.nerc.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F7405%2F1%2FVane_et_al&#95;_2009_Mersey_Hg_9_3_09.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VaneHarrison2008-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VaneHarrison2008_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vane, C.H.; Harrison, I.; Kim, A.W.; Moss-Hayes, V.; Vickers, B.P.; Horton, B.P. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/4452/1/Vane_MPB_2008_for_NORA__2_.pdf">"Status of organic pollutants in surface sediments of Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary, New Jersey, USA"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i>. <b>56</b> (10): 1802–1808. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MarPB..56.1802V">2008MarPB..56.1802V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2008.07.004">10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18715597">18715597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=Status+of+organic+pollutants+in+surface+sediments+of+Barnegat+Bay-Little+Egg+Harbor+Estuary%2C+New+Jersey%2C+USA&amp;rft.volume=56&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.pages=1802-1808&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18715597&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2008.07.004&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008MarPB..56.1802V&amp;rft.aulast=Vane&amp;rft.aufirst=C.H.&amp;rft.au=Harrison%2C+I.&amp;rft.au=Kim%2C+A.W.&amp;rft.au=Moss-Hayes%2C+V.&amp;rft.au=Vickers%2C+B.P.&amp;rft.au=Horton%2C+B.P.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnora.nerc.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4452%2F1%2FVane_MPB_2008_for_NORA&#95;_2_.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VaneHarrison2009-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VaneHarrison2009_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vane, C.H.; Harrison, I.; Kim, A.W.; Moss-Hayes, V.; Vickers, B.P.; Hong, K. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/5547/1/Vane_et_al.%2C_2009.pdf">"Organic and metal contamination in surface mangrove sediments of South China"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i>. <b>58</b> (1): 134–144. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009MarPB..58..134V">2009MarPB..58..134V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2008.09.024">10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.09.024</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18990413">18990413</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=Organic+and+metal+contamination+in+surface+mangrove+sediments+of+South+China&amp;rft.volume=58&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=134-144&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18990413&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2008.09.024&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009MarPB..58..134V&amp;rft.aulast=Vane&amp;rft.aufirst=C.H.&amp;rft.au=Harrison%2C+I.&amp;rft.au=Kim%2C+A.W.&amp;rft.au=Moss-Hayes%2C+V.&amp;rft.au=Vickers%2C+B.P.&amp;rft.au=Hong%2C+K.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnora.nerc.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F5547%2F1%2FVane_et_al.%252C_2009.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cocoros, Glenn; Cahn, Phyllis H.; Siler, William (November 1973). "Mercury concentrations in fish, plankton and water from three Western Atlantic estuaries". <i>Journal of Fish Biology</i>. <b>5</b> (6): 641–647. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.1973.tb04500.x">10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04500.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+concentrations+in+fish%2C+plankton+and+water+from+three+Western+Atlantic+estuaries&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=641-647&amp;rft.date=1973-11&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.1973.tb04500.x&amp;rft.aulast=Cocoros&amp;rft.aufirst=Glenn&amp;rft.au=Cahn%2C+Phyllis+H.&amp;rft.au=Siler%2C+William&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iisd.org/library/how-we-do-things-iisd-ela-collecting-fish-muscle-biopsy">"How We Do Things at IISD-ELA: Collecting a fish muscle biopsy"</a>. <i>IISD</i>. 30 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IISD&amp;rft.atitle=How+We+Do+Things+at+IISD-ELA%3A+Collecting+a+fish+muscle+biopsy&amp;rft.date=2015-09-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iisd.org%2Flibrary%2Fhow-we-do-things-iisd-ela-collecting-fish-muscle-biopsy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mole, Beth (20 Desember 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/12/the-horrifying-case-of-organic-mercury-poisoning-from-tainted-skin-cream/">"Woman had 524x the normal level of mercury in her blood from skin cream use"</a>. <i>ArsTechnica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ArsTechnica&amp;rft.atitle=Woman+had+524x+the+normal+level+of+mercury+in+her+blood+from+skin+cream+use&amp;rft.date=2019-12-20&amp;rft.aulast=Mole&amp;rft.aufirst=Beth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fscience%2F2019%2F12%2Fthe-horrifying-case-of-organic-mercury-poisoning-from-tainted-skin-cream%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mudan, Anita, Copan L, Wang R, et al. (20 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6850a4.htm">"Notes from the Field: Methylmercury Toxicity from a Skin Lightening Cream Obtained from Mexico — California, 2019"</a>. <i>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>. <b>68</b> (50): 1166–1167. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm6850a4">10.15585/mmwr.mm6850a4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6936160">6936160</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31856147">31856147</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+Mortality+Weekly+Report&amp;rft.atitle=Notes+from+the+Field%3A+Methylmercury+Toxicity+from+a+Skin+Lightening+Cream+Obtained+from+Mexico+%E2%80%94+California%2C+2019&amp;rft.volume=68&amp;rft.issue=50&amp;rft.pages=1166-1167&amp;rft.date=2019-12-20&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6936160&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31856147&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm6850a4&amp;rft.au=Mudan&amp;rft.au=Anita&amp;rft.au=Copan%2C+L&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+R&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fmmwr%2Fvolumes%2F68%2Fwr%2Fmm6850a4.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ngim-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ngim_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ngim, CH; Foo, SC; Boey, K.W.; Keyaratnam, J (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1039326">"Chronic neurobehavioral effects of elemental mercury in dentists"</a>. <i>British Journal of Industrial Medicine</i>. <b>49</b> (11): 782–90. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Foem.49.11.782">10.1136/oem.49.11.782</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1039326">1039326</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1463679">1463679</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&amp;rft.atitle=Chronic+neurobehavioral+effects+of+elemental+mercury+in+dentists&amp;rft.volume=49&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.pages=782-90&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1039326&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1463679&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Foem.49.11.782&amp;rft.au=Ngim%2C+CH&amp;rft.au=Foo%2C+SC&amp;rft.au=Boey%2C+K.W.&amp;rft.au=Keyaratnam%2C+J&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1039326&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liang-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-liang_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Liang, Y. 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"Chronic Mercury Poisoning from a Single Brief Exposure". <i>J. Occup. Med</i>. <b>20</b> (8): 532–4. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00043764-197808000-00003">10.1097/00043764-197808000-00003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/690736">690736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=J.+Occup.+Med.&amp;rft.atitle=Chronic+Mercury+Poisoning+from+a+Single+Brief+Exposure&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft.issue=8&amp;rft.pages=532-4&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00043764-197808000-00003&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F690736&amp;rft.au=McFarland%2C+RB&amp;rft.au=Reigel%2C+H&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;name-list-style=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc001.htm"><i>Mercury</i></a>, Environmental Health Criteria monograph No.&#160;001, Jenewa: Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia, 1976, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/92-4-154061-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/92-4-154061-3">92-4-154061-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury&amp;rft.place=Jenewa&amp;rft.series=Environmental+Health+Criteria+monograph+No.+001&amp;rft.pub=Organisasi+Kesehatan+Dunia&amp;rft.date=1976&amp;rft.isbn=92-4-154061-3&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Fehc%2Fehc%2Fehc001.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc118.htm"><i>Inorganic mercury</i></a>, Environmental Health Criteria monograph No.&#160;118, Jenewa: Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia, 1991, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/92-4-157118-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/92-4-157118-7">92-4-157118-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Inorganic+mercury&amp;rft.place=Jenewa&amp;rft.series=Environmental+Health+Criteria+monograph+No.+118&amp;rft.pub=Organisasi+Kesehatan+Dunia&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=92-4-157118-7&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Fehc%2Fehc%2Fehc118.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bluhm, RE; et al. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_human-and-experimental-toxicology_1992-05_11_3/page/n54">"Elemental Mercury Vapour Toxicity, Treatment, and Prognosis After Acute, Intensive Exposure in Chloralkali Plant Workers. Part I: History, Neuropsychological Findings and Chelator effects"</a>. <i>Hum Exp Toxicol</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 201–10. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F096032719201100308">10.1177/096032719201100308</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1352115">1352115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Hum+Exp+Toxicol&amp;rft.atitle=Elemental+Mercury+Vapour+Toxicity%2C+Treatment%2C+and+Prognosis+After+Acute%2C+Intensive+Exposure+in+Chloralkali+Plant+Workers.+Part+I%3A+History%2C+Neuropsychological+Findings+and+Chelator+effects&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=201-10&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F096032719201100308&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1352115&amp;rft.au=Bluhm%2C+RE&amp;rft.au=Bobbitt%2C+R.+G.&amp;rft.au=Welch%2C+L.+W.&amp;rft.au=Wood%2C+A.+J.+J.&amp;rft.au=Bonfiglio%2C+J.+F.&amp;rft.au=Sarzen%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Heath%2C+A.+J.&amp;rft.au=Branch%2C+R.+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_human-and-experimental-toxicology_1992-05_11_3%2Fpage%2Fn54&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bluhm, Re; Bobbitt, Rg; Welch, Lw; Wood, Aj; Bonfiglio, Jf; Sarzen, C; Heath, Aj; Branch, Ra (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_human-and-experimental-toxicology_1992-05_11_3/page/201">"Elemental mercury vapour toxicity, treatment, and prognosis after acute, intensive exposure in chloralkali plant workers. Part I: History, neuropsychological findings and chelator effects"</a>. <i>Human &amp; Experimental Toxicology</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 201–10. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F096032719201100308">10.1177/096032719201100308</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1352115">1352115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&amp;rft.atitle=Elemental+mercury+vapour+toxicity%2C+treatment%2C+and+prognosis+after+acute%2C+intensive+exposure+in+chloralkali+plant+workers.+Part+I%3A+History%2C+neuropsychological+findings+and+chelator+effects&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=201-10&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F096032719201100308&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1352115&amp;rft.au=Bluhm%2C+Re&amp;rft.au=Bobbitt%2C+Rg&amp;rft.au=Welch%2C+Lw&amp;rft.au=Wood%2C+Aj&amp;rft.au=Bonfiglio%2C+Jf&amp;rft.au=Sarzen%2C+C&amp;rft.au=Heath%2C+Aj&amp;rft.au=Branch%2C+Ra&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_human-and-experimental-toxicology_1992-05_11_3%2Fpage%2F201&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130130192928/http://www.unep.org/NewsCentre/default.aspx?DocumentID=2702&amp;ArticleID=9373&amp;l=en">"Minamata Convention Agreed by Nations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Program_Lingkungan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Program Lingkungan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Program Lingkungan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.org/newscentre/Default.aspx?DocumentID=2702&amp;ArticleID=9373&amp;l=en">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 Januari 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Minamata+Convention+Agreed+by+Nations&amp;rft.pub=Program+Lingkungan+Perserikatan+Bangsa-Bangsa&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unep.org%2Fnewscentre%2FDefault.aspx%3FDocumentID%3D2702%26ArticleID%3D9373%26l%3Den&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Section, United Nations News Service (19 Januari 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161016131029/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=43963&amp;Cr=mercury&amp;Cr1=#.UPt4ikfdP5M">"UN News&#160;— Governments at UN forum agree on legally-binding treaty to curb mercury pollution"</a>. <i>UN News Service Section</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=43963&amp;Cr=mercury&amp;Cr1=#.UPt4ikfdP5M">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 Oktober 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=UN+News+Service+Section&amp;rft.atitle=UN+News+%E2%80%94+Governments+at+UN+forum+agree+on+legally-binding+treaty+to+curb+mercury+pollution&amp;rft.date=2013-01-19&amp;rft.aulast=Section&amp;rft.aufirst=United+Nations+News+Service&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D43963%26Cr%3Dmercury%26Cr1%3D%23.UPt4ikfdP5M&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-epa_regs-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-epa_regs_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513123415/http://epa.gov/mercury/regs.htm">"Mercury: Laws and regulations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Badan_Perlindungan_Lingkungan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan Amerika Serikat">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a>. 16 April 2008. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/mercury/regs.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 13 Mei 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury%3A+Laws+and+regulations&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&amp;rft.date=2008-04-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fmercury%2Fregs.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828060223/http://www.ijc.org/php/publications/html/12br/english/report/chemical/rme.html">"Reductions in Mercury Emissions"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Joint_Commission&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="International Joint Commission (halaman belum tersedia)">International Joint Commission</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Danau-Danau_Besar_(Amerika)" title="Danau-Danau Besar (Amerika)">Great Lakes</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijc.org/php/publications/html/12br/english/report/chemical/rme.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 Agustus 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Reductions+in+Mercury+Emissions&amp;rft.pub=International+Joint+Commission+on+the+Great+Lakes&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ijc.org%2Fphp%2Fpublications%2Fhtml%2F12br%2Fenglish%2Freport%2Fchemical%2Frme.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630045554/http://www.epa.gov/air/mercuryrule/">"Clean Air Mercury Rule"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Badan_Perlindungan_Lingkungan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan Amerika Serikat">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/air/mercuryrule/">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 Juni 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Clean+Air+Mercury+Rule&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency+%28EPA%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fair%2Fmercuryrule%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nj_vs_epa-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nj_vs_epa_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110203021258/http://pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov/docs/common/opinions/200802/05-1097a.pdf">"State of New Jersey et al., Petitioners vs. Environmental Protection Agency (Case No. 05-1097)"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Argumen 6 Desember 2007, Diputuskan 8 Februari 2008. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov/docs/common/opinions/200802/05-1097a.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 3 Februari 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=State+of+New+Jersey+et+al.%2C+Petitioners+vs.+Environmental+Protection+Agency+%28Case+No.+05-1097%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpacer.cadc.uscourts.gov%2Fdocs%2Fcommon%2Fopinions%2F200802%2F05-1097a.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Castro Mark S., Sherwell John (2015). "Effectiveness of Emission Controls to Reduce the Atmospheric Concentrations of Mercury". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Science_%26_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Science &amp; Technology (halaman belum tersedia)">Environmental Science &amp; Technology</a></i>. <b>49</b> (24): 14000–14007. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EnST...4914000C">2015EnST...4914000C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.est.5b03576">10.1021/acs.est.5b03576</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26606506">26606506</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&amp;rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+Emission+Controls+to+Reduce+the+Atmospheric+Concentrations+of+Mercury&amp;rft.volume=49&amp;rft.issue=24&amp;rft.pages=14000-14007&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26606506&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.est.5b03576&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015EnST...4914000C&amp;rft.au=Castro+Mark+S.%2C+Sherwell+John&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151501/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2011/12/22/oldest-dirtiest-power-plants-told-clean/mORfVS1jUOOlXuTPIRQKbL/story.html">"Oldest, dirtiest power plants told to clean up"</a>. <i>Boston Globe</i>. 22 Desember 2011. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2011/12/22/oldest-dirtiest-power-plants-told-clean/mORfVS1jUOOlXuTPIRQKbL/story.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 Juli 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&amp;rft.atitle=Oldest%2C+dirtiest+power+plants+told+to+clean+up&amp;rft.date=2011-12-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2011%2F12%2F22%2Foldest-dirtiest-power-plants-told-clean%2FmORfVS1jUOOlXuTPIRQKbL%2Fstory.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Howard Berkes (10 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117112612/http://www.npr.org/2011/11/10/142183546/epa-regulations-give-kilns-permission-to-pollute">"EPA Regulations Give Kilns Permission To Pollute"</a>. NPR. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/11/10/142183546/epa-regulations-give-kilns-permission-to-pollute">versi asli</a> tanggal 17 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=EPA+Regulations+Give+Kilns+Permission+To+Pollute&amp;rft.date=2011-11-10&amp;rft.au=Howard+Berkes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2011%2F11%2F10%2F142183546%2Fepa-regulations-give-kilns-permission-to-pollute&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu_regs-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eu_regs_160-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:037:0019:0023:EN:PDF">"Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment"</a>. 27 Januari 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Directive+2002%2F95%2FEC+on+the+Restriction+of+the+Use+of+Certain+Hazardous+Substances+in+Electrical+and+Electronic+Equipment&amp;rft.date=2003-01-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AL%3A2003%3A037%3A0019%3A0023%3AEN%3APDF&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> Pasal 4 Ayat 1. mis. “Negara Anggota harus memastikan bahwa, mulai 1 Juli 2006, peralatan listrik dan elektronik baru yang dipasarkan tidak mengandung timbal, raksa, cadmium, kadmium, kromium heksavalen, bifenil terpolibrominasi (PBB) difenil eter terpolibrominasi (PBDE)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080428065154/http://www.eiatrack.org/s/1785">"Mercury compounds in European Union"</a>. EIA Track. 2007. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eiatrack.org/s/1785">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury+compounds+in+European+Union&amp;rft.pub=EIA+Track&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eiatrack.org%2Fs%2F1785&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu_reuters-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eu_reuters_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jones H. (10 Juli 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090103193545/http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSL0988544920070710">"EU bans mercury in barometers, thermometers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSL0988544920070710">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 Januari 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=EU+bans+mercury+in+barometers%2C+thermometers&amp;rft.date=2007-07-10&amp;rft.au=Jones+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FenvironmentNews%2FidUSL0988544920070710&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norway-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-norway_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080121173517/http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1198237627.85">"Norway to ban mercury"</a>. EU Business. 21 Desember 2007. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1198237627.85">versi asli</a> tanggal 21 Januari 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Norway+to+ban+mercury&amp;rft.date=2007-12-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eubusiness.com%2Fnews-eu%2F1198237627.85&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-environment_norway-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-environment_norway_164-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Berg, T; Fjeld, E; Steinnes, E (2006). "Atmospheric mercury in Norway: contributions from different sources". <i>The Science of the Total Environment</i>. <b>368</b> (1): 3–9. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ScTEn.368....3B">2006ScTEn.368....3B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2005.09.059">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.059</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16310836">16310836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+Total+Environment&amp;rft.atitle=Atmospheric+mercury+in+Norway%3A+contributions+from+different+sources&amp;rft.volume=368&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=3-9&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16310836&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2005.09.059&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006ScTEn.368....3B&amp;rft.au=Berg%2C+T&amp;rft.au=Fjeld%2C+E&amp;rft.au=Steinnes%2C+E&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fda.gov-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fda.gov_165-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fda.gov_165-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Edlich, Richard F; Rhoads, Samantha K.; Cantrell, Holly S.; Azavedo, Sabrina M.; Newkirk, Anthony T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101215237/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/advisorycommittees/committeesmeetingmaterials/medicaldevices/medicaldevicesadvisorycommittee/dentalproductspanel/ucm236379.pdf">"Banning Mercury Amalgam in the United States"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. AS: <a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengawas_Obat_dan_Makanan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat">Food and Drug Administration</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/advisorycommittees/committeesmeetingmaterials/medicaldevices/medicaldevicesadvisorycommittee/dentalproductspanel/ucm236379.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 1 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Banning+Mercury+Amalgam+in+the+United+States&amp;rft.place=AS&amp;rft.pub=Food+and+Drug+Administration&amp;rft.aulast=Edlich&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+F&amp;rft.au=Rhoads%2C+Samantha+K.&amp;rft.au=Cantrell%2C+Holly+S.&amp;rft.au=Azavedo%2C+Sabrina+M.&amp;rft.au=Newkirk%2C+Anthony+T.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdownloads%2Fadvisorycommittees%2Fcommitteesmeetingmaterials%2Fmedicaldevices%2Fmedicaldevicesadvisorycommittee%2Fdentalproductspanel%2Fucm236379.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828040807/http://www.thelocal.se/20090114/16892">"Sweden to ban mercury&#160;— The Local"</a>. 14 Januari 2009. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelocal.se/20090114/16892">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 Agustus 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sweden+to+ban+mercury+%E2%80%94+The+Local&amp;rft.date=2009-01-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.se%2F20090114%2F16892&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828101154/http://www.thelocal.se/20120421/40396">"Sweden may be forced to lift ban on mercury&#160;— The Local"</a>. 21 April 2012. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelocal.se/20120421/40396">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 Agustus 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sweden+may+be+forced+to+lift+ban+on+mercury+%E2%80%94+The+Local&amp;rft.date=2012-04-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.se%2F20120421%2F40396&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-calder-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-calder_168-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jessop, Tara (8 Agustus 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/europe/spain/articles/calder-mercury-fountain-the-worlds-most-beautiful-yet-deadly-monument/">"Calder Mercury Fountain: The World's Most Beautiful Yet Deadly Monument"</a>. <i>Culture Trip</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Juli</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Culture+Trip&amp;rft.atitle=Calder+Mercury+Fountain%3A+The+World%27s+Most+Beautiful+Yet+Deadly+Monument&amp;rft.date=2016-08-08&amp;rft.aulast=Jessop&amp;rft.aufirst=Tara&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Feurope%2Fspain%2Farticles%2Fcalder-mercury-fountain-the-worlds-most-beautiful-yet-deadly-monument%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lebih_lanjut">Bacaan lebih lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=42" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Johnston, Andrew Scott (15 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZK-AwAAQBAJ"><i>Mercury and the Making of California: Mining, Landscape, and Race, 1840–1890</i></a>. TotalBoox, TBX. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Press_of_Colorado&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="University Press of Colorado (halaman belum tersedia)">University Press of Colorado</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781457183997" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781457183997">9781457183997</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/969039240">969039240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mercury+and+the+Making+of+California%3A+Mining%2C+Landscape%2C+and+Race%2C+1840%E2%80%931890&amp;rft.pub=University+Press+of+Colorado&amp;rft.date=2013-09-15&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F969039240&amp;rft.isbn=9781457183997&amp;rft.aulast=Johnston&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew+Scott&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_ZK-AwAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=43" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Herman DZ (2006). "Tinjauan terhadap tailing mengandung unsur pencemar As, Hg, Pb, dan Cd". <i>J Geol Indones</i>. <b>1</b>: 31–36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=J+Geol+Indones&amp;rft.atitle=Tinjauan+terhadap+tailing+mengandung+unsur+pencemar+As%2C+Hg%2C+Pb%2C+dan+Cd&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.pages=31-36&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.au=Herman+DZ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Klaassen CD, Amdur MO, Doull J (1986). <i>Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons</i>. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Toxicology+The+Basic+Science+of+Poisons&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishing+Company&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.au=Klaassen+CD%2C+Amdur+MO%2C+Doull+J&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Palar H (1994). <i>Pencemaran dan Toksikologi Logam Berat</i>. Jakarta: Rineka cipta.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pencemaran+dan+Toksikologi+Logam+Berat&amp;rft.place=Jakarta&amp;rft.pub=Rineka+cipta&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.au=Palar+H&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Widowati W, Sastiono A, Jusuf R (2008). <i>Efek Toksik logam Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Pencemaran</i>. Yogyakarta: Andi. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-979-29-0448-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-979-29-0448-2">978-979-29-0448-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Efek+Toksik+logam+Pencegahan+dan+Penanggulangan+Pencemaran&amp;rft.place=Yogyakarta&amp;rft.pub=Andi&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-979-29-0448-2&amp;rft.au=Widowati+W%2C+Sastiono+A%2C+Jusuf+R&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=44" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="extiw" title="commons:Mercury (element)"><b><i>Mercury (element)</i></b></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Lihat entri <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/raksa" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:raksa">raksa</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/air_raksa" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:air raksa">air raksa</a></b></i>, atau <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/merkuri" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:merkuri">merkuri</a></b></i> di kamus bebas Wiktionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/podcast/element.asp">Chemistry in its element podcast</a> (MP3) from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chemistry_World" title="Chemistry World">Chemistry World</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/images/CIIE_Mercury_48kbps_tcm18-133983.mp3">Mercury</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/080.htm">Mercury</a> di <i><a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a></i> (Universitas Nottingham)</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/mercury/">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&#160;– Mercury Topic</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/ostwater/fishadvice/advice.html">EPA fish consumption guidelines</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/Elements/080/index.s7.html">Hg 80 Mercury</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/m1599.htm">Material Safety Data Sheet – Mercury</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eu.oceana.org/en/our-work/mercury/overview">Stopping Pollution: Mercury</a> – Oceana</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrdc.org/health/effects/mercury/index.asp">Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC): Mercury Contamination in Fish guide</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_Resources_Defense_Council&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural Resources Defense Council (halaman belum tersedia)">NRDC</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+7439-97-6">NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Mercury</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_9243000/9243902.stm">BBC – Earth News – Mercury "turns" wetland birds such as ibises homosexual</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo41802">Changing Patterns in the Use, Recycling, and Material Substitution of Mercury in the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Survei_Geologi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat">United States Geological Survey</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.impmc.jussieu.fr/%7Eayrinhac/documents/Hg_data.pdf">Thermodynamical data on liquid mercury.</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span>&#160;<cite class="citation encyclopaedia">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mercury_(element)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (edisi ke-11). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Mercury+%28element%29&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.edition=11&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARaksa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)"><small>(besar)</small></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a> </td> <td title="Hidrogen, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Helium, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Litium, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Berilium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boron, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="Karbon, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="Nitrogen, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="Oksigen, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="Fluorin, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Neon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Natrium, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Silikon, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="Fosforus, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="Belerang, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Klorin, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Argon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a> </td> <td title="Kalium, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Kalsium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Skandium, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Titanium, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Kromium, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Mangan, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Besi, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Kobalt, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Nikel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Tembaga, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Seng, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Galium, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Germanium, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="Arsen, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Selenium, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Bromin, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Kripton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Stronsium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Itrium, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zirkonium, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Niobium, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Molibdenum, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Teknesium, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutenium, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Rodium, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Paladium, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Perak, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Kadmium, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Timah, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Antimon, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Telurium, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="Iodin, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin"><span style="display:block">I</span></a> </td> <td title="Xenon, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Sesium, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="Lantanum, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Serium, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Praseodimium, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Neodimium, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Prometium, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Europium, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Disprosium, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Tulium, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Iterbium, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lutesium, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="Wolfram, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Renium, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Osmium, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Iridium, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Emas, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Raksa, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Talium, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Timbal, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bismut, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="Astatin, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Radon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fransium, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Aktinium, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Torium, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Protaktinium, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="Uranium, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Neptunium, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Plutonium, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Amerisium, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Kurium, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Berkelium, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Kalifornium, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Fermium, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="Nobelium, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Lawrensium, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Ruterfordium, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hasium, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Kopernisium, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Flerovium, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Moskovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Tenesin, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Oganeson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lan&#173;tanida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_miskin" title="Logam miskin">Logam miskin</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_poliatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam poliatomik">Nonlogam poliatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_diatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam diatomik">Nonlogam diatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">Gas mulia</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Sifat kimia<br />belum diketahui </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senyawa_raksa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Senyawa_raksa" title="Templat:Senyawa raksa"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Senyawa_raksa" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Senyawa raksa"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Senyawa_raksa&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senyawa_raksa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_raksa" title="Kategori:Senyawa raksa">Senyawa</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">raksa</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Raksa(I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(I)_hidrida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(I) hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">HgH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(I)_hidrida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(I) hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksa(I)_bromida" title="Raksa(I) bromida">Hg<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksa(I)_klorida" title="Raksa(I) klorida">Hg<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(I)_fluorida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(I) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(I)_iodida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(I) iodida (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksa(I)_nitrat" title="Raksa(I) nitrat">Hg<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(I)_oksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(I) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(I)_karbonat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(I) karbonat (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(I)_sulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(I) sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Raksa(II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_hidrida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">HgH<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_amidochloride&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) amidochloride (halaman belum tersedia)">HgNH<sub>2</sub>Cl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_selenida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa selenida (halaman belum tersedia)">HgSe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_sulfida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa sulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">HgS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_telurida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa telurida (halaman belum tersedia)">HgTe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_asetat" title="Raksa(II) asetat">Hg(O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_bromida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) bromida (halaman belum tersedia)">HgBr<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_klorida" title="Raksa(II) klorida">HgCl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_sianida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) sianida (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_fluorida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">HgF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_hidroksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_iodida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) iodida (halaman belum tersedia)">HgI<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_nitrat" title="Raksa(II) nitrat">Hg(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksa(II)_oksida" title="Raksa(II) oksida">HgO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_sulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">HgSO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_tiosianat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) tiosianat (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg(SCN)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa(II)_fulminat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa(II) fulminat (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg(CNO)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksa_nitrida" title="Raksa nitrida">Hg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bis(trimetilsilil)merkuri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bis(trimetilsilil)merkuri (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg(Si(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_tetraiodomerkurat(II)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium tetraiodomerkurat(II) (halaman belum tersedia)">K<sub>2</sub>HgI<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Senyawa_organomerkuri" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senyawa <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organomerkuri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Organomerkuri (halaman belum tersedia)">organomerkuri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimetilmerkuri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetilmerkuri (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietilmerkuri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietilmerkuri (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Difenilmerkuri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Difenilmerkuri (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenilmerkuri_asetat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenilmerkuri asetat (halaman belum tersedia)">HgC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenilmerkuri_borat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenilmerkuri borat (halaman belum tersedia)">HgC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OB(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_4-kloromerkuribenzoat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam 4-kloromerkuribenzoat (halaman belum tersedia)">HgClC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meralurida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Meralurida (halaman belum tersedia)">HgOHCH<sub>2</sub>CHOCH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>(NHCO)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mersalil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mersalil (halaman belum tersedia)">HgOHCH<sub>2</sub>CHOCH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NHCOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merbromin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Merbromin (halaman belum tersedia)">Na<sub>2</sub>HgOHC<sub>6</sub>HOBrC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>OBrOCHC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitromersol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitromersol (halaman belum tersedia)">HgOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>NO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiomersal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiomersal (halaman belum tersedia)">NaHgC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>SC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CO<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Raksa(IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raksa(IV)_fluorida" title="Raksa(IV) fluorida">HgF<sub>4</sub></a> (<i>hipotetis</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(kimia)" title="Amalgam (kimia)">Amalgam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrium_amalgam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrium amalgam (halaman belum tersedia)">Na(Hg)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_amalgam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminium amalgam (halaman belum tersedia)">Al(Hg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgam#Amalgam_kalium" class="mw-disambig" title="Amalgam">K(Hg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgam#Amalgam_emas" class="mw-disambig" title="Amalgam">Au(Hg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgam#Amalgam_talium" class="mw-disambig" title="Amalgam">Tl(Hg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgam#Amalgam_timah" class="mw-disambig" title="Amalgam">Sn(Hg)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_polikation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa polikation (halaman belum tersedia)">Kation raksa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Senyawa_raksa(II)">Hg<sup>2+</sup></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Senyawa_raksa(I)">Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_polikation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa polikation (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_polikation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa polikation (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksa_polikation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksa polikation (halaman belum tersedia)">Hg<sub>3</sub><sup>4+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metilmerkuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Metilmerkuri">HgCH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etilmerkuri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Etilmerkuri (halaman belum tersedia)">HgC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenilmerkuri_asetat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenilmerkuri asetat (halaman belum tersedia)">HgC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Rumus_kimia" title="Rumus kimia">Rumus kimia</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925#identifiers&amp;#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925#identifiers&amp;#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4127830-6">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11948174f">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11948174f">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85083794">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571550">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph125284&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1198509/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/550074936">Microsoft Academic</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7c479b968‐hp8g4 Cached time: 20241117224110 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.824 seconds Real time usage: 3.296 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 49366/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 844242/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 48154/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 27/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 294064/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.263/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17372698/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: ? 440 ms 31.4% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 100 ms 7.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::find 80 ms 5.7% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 80 ms 5.7% <mw.lua:694> 80 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