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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page--ness rootpage--ness skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">-ness</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="disambig-see-also">See also: <a href="/wiki/ness" title="ness">ness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ness" title="Ness">Ness</a></div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#English">1 English</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Alternative_forms">1.1 Alternative forms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Etymology">1.2 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Pronunciation">1.3 Pronunciation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Suffix">1.4 Suffix</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Usage_notes">1.4.1 Usage notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Synonyms">1.4.2 Synonyms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Derived_terms">1.4.3 Derived terms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Translations">1.4.4 Translations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Anagrams">1.5 Anagrams</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Middle_English">2 Middle English</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Suffix_2">2.1 Suffix</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Old_English">3 Old English</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Pronunciation_2">3.1 Pronunciation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Suffix_3">3.2 Suffix</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Declension">3.2.1 Declension</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#References">3.3 References</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Scots">4 Scots</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Alternative_forms_2">4.1 Alternative forms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Etymology_2">4.2 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Suffix_4">4.3 Suffix</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_forms">Alternative forms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Alternative forms">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/-nesse#English" title="-nesse">-nesse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#obsolete" title="Appendix:Glossary">obsolete</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%A0%B0%E2%A0%8E#English" title="⠰⠎">⠰⠎</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" class="extiw" title="w:Braille">Braille</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English" class="extiw" title="w:Middle English">Middle English</a> <a href="/wiki/-nes#Middle_English" title="-nes">-nes</a>, <a href="/wiki/-nesse#Middle_English" title="-nesse">-nesse</a>, from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English" class="extiw" title="w:Old English">Old English</a> <a href="/wiki/-nis#Old_English" title="-nis">-nis</a>, <a href="/wiki/-nes#Old_English" title="-nes">-nes</a>, from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-West_Germanic_language" class="extiw" title="w:Proto-West Germanic language">Proto-West Germanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/-nass%C4%AB" title="Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-nassī">*-nassī</a>, from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" class="extiw" title="w:Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-inassuz" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-inassuz">*-inassuz</a>. This suffix was formed already in Proto-Germanic by false division of the final consonant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-n-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-n- (page does not exist)">*-n-</a> of the preceding stem + the actual suffix <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-assuz" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-assuz">*-assuz</a>. The latter was in turn derived from an earlier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-at(s)-tuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-at(s)-tuz (page does not exist)">*-at(s)-tuz</a>, from the verbal suffix <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-atjan%C4%85" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-atjaną">*-at-janą</a> + the noun suffix <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-%C3%BEuz" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-þuz">*-þuz</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pronunciation">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English" class="extiw" title="w:British English">UK</a>) <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>): /nəs/ <ul><li>(old-fashioned RP) <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>): /nɪs/</li> <li>(obsolete or dialectal) <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>): /nɛs/</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r50165410">.mw-parser-output .k-player .k-attribution{visibility:hidden}</style><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_in_southern_England" class="extiw" title="w:English in southern England">Southern England</a>):</td><td class="audiofile"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl--ness.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ness.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ness.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ness.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl--ness.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ness.wav">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_English_phonology" class="extiw" title="w:New Zealand English phonology">New Zealand</a>) <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>): /nəs/, [nɘs]</li> <li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" class="extiw" title="w:American English">US</a>) <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>): /nəs/, /nɪs/, /nɛs/</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffix">Suffix</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Suffix">edit</a>]</div> -ness <ol><li>Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being (the adjective)", "the quality of being (the adjective)", or "the measure of being (the adjective)". <dl><dd>‎<a href="/wiki/calm#English" title="calm">calm</a> + ‎-ness → ‎<a href="/wiki/calmness#English" title="calmness">calmness</a></dd> <dd>‎<a href="/wiki/dark#English" title="dark">dark</a> + ‎-ness → ‎<a href="/wiki/darkness#English" title="darkness">darkness</a></dd> <dd>‎<a href="/wiki/kind#English" title="kind">kind</a> + ‎-ness → ‎<a href="/wiki/kindness#English" title="kindness">kindness</a></dd> <dd>‎<a href="/wiki/one#English" title="one">one</a> + ‎-ness → ‎<a href="/wiki/oneness#English" title="oneness">oneness</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Appended to words of other parts of speech to form nouns (often <a href="/wiki/nonce_word" title="nonce word">nonce words</a> or terms in <a href="/wiki/philosophy" title="philosophy">philosophy</a>) meaning the state/quality/measure of the idea represented by these words. <dl><dd>‎<a href="/wiki/that#English" title="that">that</a> + ‎-ness → ‎<a href="/wiki/thatness#English" title="thatness">thatness</a></dd> <dd>‎<a href="/wiki/tree#English" title="tree">tree</a> + ‎-ness → ‎<a href="/wiki/treeness#English" title="treeness">treeness</a></dd> <dd>‎<a href="/wiki/thug#English" title="thug">thug</a> + ‎-ness → ‎<a href="/wiki/thugness#English" title="thugness">thugness</a></dd></dl></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Usage_notes">Usage notes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Usage notes">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>If an adjective ends in -y, then this changes to -i- when -ness is suffixed. This occurs both when the -y is the suffix <a href="/wiki/-y#English" title="-y">-y</a> (“having the quality of”), as in <a href="/wiki/mess#English" title="mess">mess</a> → <a href="/wiki/messy#English" title="messy">messy</a> → <a href="/wiki/messiness#English" title="messiness">messiness</a> (hence -y → <a href="/wiki/-i-#English" title="-i-">-i-</a>), but also in other cases, as in <a href="/wiki/comely#English" title="comely">comely</a> → <a href="/wiki/comeliness#English" title="comeliness">comeliness</a>. It does not, however, usually occur when the -y is part of the root, as in <a href="/wiki/spry#English" title="spry">spry</a> → <a href="/wiki/spryness#English" title="spryness">spryness</a>.</li> <li>Plurals are formed by adding -es, e.g. happiness → happinesses.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Synonyms">Synonyms</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Synonyms">edit</a>]</div> <div class="list-switcher" data-toggle-category="derived terms"><div class="columns-bg term-list ul-column-count" data-column-count="4"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/-ability#English" title="-ability">-ability</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-dom#English" title="-dom">-dom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-hood#English" title="-hood">-hood</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-ia#English" title="-ia">-ia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-ibility#English" title="-ibility">-ibility</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-icity#English" title="-icity">-icity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-ism#English" title="-ism">-ism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-itas#English" title="-itas">-itas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-itia#English" title="-itia">-itia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-itude#English" title="-itude">-itude</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-ity#English" title="-ity">-ity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-osity#English" title="-osity">-osity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-ship#English" title="-ship">-ship</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/-th#English" title="-th">-th</a></li></ul></div><div class="list-switcher-element" data-showtext=" show more ▼ " data-hidetext=" show less ▲ " style="display:none"> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derived_terms">Derived terms</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Derived terms">edit</a>]</div> <div class="derivedterms CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":10,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":[0],"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="English_terms_suffixed_with_-ness" aria-expanded="false"></a> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_suffixed_with_-ness" title="Category:English terms suffixed with -ness">English terms suffixed with -ness</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Translations">Translations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Translations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-appended_to_adjectives_to_form_nouns_meaning_&quot;the_state_of_being...&quot;,_&quot;the_quality_of_being...&quot;,_or_&quot;the_measure_of_being...&quot;"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being...", "the quality of being...", or "the measure of being..."</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being...", "the quality of being...", or "the measure of being...""><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81584270">.mw-parser-output .translations{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .translations-cell{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow,#FFFFe0);vertical-align:top;text-align:left}</style> <ul><li>Arabic: <a href="/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A9#Arabic" title="ية">ـِيَّة</a> (-iyya), (several internal vowel patterns are used)</li> <li>Armenian: <a href="/wiki/-%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6#Armenian" title="-ություն">-ություն</a> (-utʻyun)</li> <li>Azerbaijani: <a href="/wiki/-lik#Azerbaijani" title="-lik">-lik</a> <a href="https://az.wiktionary.org/wiki/-lik" class="extiw" title="az:-lik">(az)</a></li> <li>Burmese: -<a href="/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8#Burmese" title="ခြင်း">ခြင်း</a> (-hkrang:), <a href="/wiki/-%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF#Burmese" title="-မှု">-မှု</a> (-hmu.)</li> <li>Chinese: <dl><dd>Mandarin: (used most frequently in loanwords, as many adjectives may be used as nouns in Chinese) <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7#Mandarin" title="性">-性</a> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%80%A7" class="extiw" title="zh:性">(zh)</a> (xìng)</dd></dl></li> <li>Czech: <a href="/wiki/-ost#Czech" title="-ost">-ost</a> <a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ost" class="extiw" title="cs:-ost">(cs)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Danish: <a href="/wiki/-hed#Danish" title="-hed">-hed</a> <a href="https://da.wiktionary.org/wiki/-hed" class="extiw" title="da:-hed">(da)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-skab#Danish" title="-skab">-skab</a> <a href="https://da.wiktionary.org/wiki/-skab" class="extiw" title="da:-skab">(da)</a></li> <li>Dutch: <a href="/wiki/-heid#Dutch" title="-heid">-heid</a> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/-heid" class="extiw" title="nl:-heid">(nl)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-schap#Dutch" title="-schap">-schap</a> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/-schap" class="extiw" title="nl:-schap">(nl)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-nis#Dutch" title="-nis">-nis</a> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/-nis" class="extiw" title="nl:-nis">(nl)</a></li> <li>Esperanto: <a href="/wiki/-eco#Esperanto" title="-eco">-eco</a> <a href="https://eo.wiktionary.org/wiki/-eco" class="extiw" title="eo:-eco">(eo)</a></li> <li>Faroese: <a href="/wiki/-semi#Faroese" title="-semi">-semi</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> or <abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/-heit#Faroese" title="-heit">-heit</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Finnish: <a href="/wiki/-uus#Finnish" title="-uus">-uus</a> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/-uus" class="extiw" title="fi:-uus">(fi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-yys#Finnish" title="-yys">-yys</a> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/-yys" class="extiw" title="fi:-yys">(fi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-us#Finnish" title="-us">-us</a> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/-us" class="extiw" title="fi:-us">(fi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-ys#Finnish" title="-ys">-ys</a> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ys" class="extiw" title="fi:-ys">(fi)</a></li> <li>French: <a href="/wiki/-it%C3%A9#French" title="-ité">-ité</a> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/-it%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:-ité">(fr)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-esse#French" title="-esse">-esse</a> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/-esse" class="extiw" title="fr:-esse">(fr)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Galician: <a href="/wiki/-idade#Galician" title="-idade">-idade</a> <a href="https://gl.wiktionary.org/wiki/-idade" class="extiw" title="gl:-idade">(gl)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Georgian: <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98-_-%E1%83%94#Georgian" title="სი- -ე">სი- -ე</a> (si- -e), <a href="/wiki/-%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90#Georgian" title="-ობა">-ობა</a> (-oba), <a href="/wiki/-%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90#Georgian" title="-ება">-ება</a> (-eba)</li> <li>German: <a href="/wiki/-nis#German" title="-nis">-nis</a> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/-nis" class="extiw" title="de:-nis">(de)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-heit#German" title="-heit">-heit</a> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/-heit" class="extiw" title="de:-heit">(de)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-keit#German" title="-keit">-keit</a> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/-keit" class="extiw" title="de:-keit">(de)</a></li> <li>Greek: <a href="/wiki/-%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1#Greek" title="-ότητα">-ότητα</a> <a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="el:-ότητα">(el)</a> (-ótita)</li> <li>Greenlandic: <a href="/wiki/-ssuseq#Greenlandic" title="-ssuseq">-ssuseq</a></li> <li>Hebrew: <a href="/wiki/%D6%BE%D7%95%D7%AA#Hebrew" title="־ות">-ות</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Hindi: <a href="/wiki/-%E0%A4%88#Hindi" title="-ई">-ई</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (-ī)</li> <li>Hungarian: <a href="/wiki/-s%C3%A1g#Hungarian" title="-ság">-ság</a> <a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/-s%C3%A1g" class="extiw" title="hu:-ság">(hu)</a>/<a href="/wiki/-s%C3%A9g#Hungarian" title="-ség">-ség</a> <a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/-s%C3%A9g" class="extiw" title="hu:-ség">(hu)</a></li> <li>Ido: <a href="/wiki/-eso#Ido" title="-eso">-eso</a></li> <li>Indonesian: <a href="/wiki/ke-_-an#Indonesian" title="ke- -an">ke- -an</a></li> <li>Interlingua: <a href="/wiki/-itate#Interlingua" title="-itate">-itate</a> <a href="https://ia.wiktionary.org/wiki/-itate" class="extiw" title="ia:-itate">(ia)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-tate#Interlingua" title="-tate">-tate</a>, <a href="/wiki/-ia#Interlingua" title="-ia">-ia</a>, <a href="/wiki/-essa#Interlingua" title="-essa">-essa</a>, <a href="/wiki/-itude#Interlingua" title="-itude">-itude</a>, <a href="/wiki/-ismo#Interlingua" title="-ismo">-ismo</a></li> <li>Irish: <a href="/wiki/-acht#Irish" title="-acht">-acht</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Italian: <a href="/wiki/-it%C3%A0#Italian" title="-ità">-ità</a>, <a href="/wiki/-ezza#Italian" title="-ezza">-ezza</a></li> <li>Japanese: <a href="/wiki/%E3%81%95#Japanese" title="さ">-さ</a> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%95" class="extiw" title="ja:さ">(ja)</a> (-sa), <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7#Japanese" title="性">-性</a> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%80%A7" class="extiw" title="ja:性">(ja)</a> (-sei), (0 ending on -な adjectives)</li> <li>Khmer: <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96#Khmer" title="ភាព">ភាព</a> <a href="https://km.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96" class="extiw" title="km:ភាព">(km)</a> (phiəp), <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B8#Khmer" title="សេចក្តី">សេចក្តី</a> (sackdəy)</li> <li>Korean: <a href="/wiki/%E3%85%81#Korean" title="ㅁ">ㅁ</a> <a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%81" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅁ">(ko)</a> (m)</li> <li>Lao: please add this translation if you can</li> <li>Latin: <a href="/wiki/-tas#Latin" title="-tas">-tās</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Macedonian: <a href="/w/index.php?title=-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="-ност (page does not exist)">-ност</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (-nost), <a href="/wiki/-%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82#Macedonian" title="-ост">-ост</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (-ost), <a href="/wiki/-%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE#Macedonian" title="-ство">-ство</a> <abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr> (-stvo)</li> <li>Malay: <a href="/wiki/ke-_-an#Malay" title="ke- -an">ke- -an</a> <a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/ke-_-an" class="extiw" title="ms:ke- -an">(ms)</a></li> <li>Manx: <a href="/wiki/-aght#Manx" title="-aght">-aght</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Marathi: <a href="/wiki/-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE#Marathi" title="-पणा">-पणा</a> <abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr> (-paṇā)</li> <li>Norwegian: <a href="/wiki/-het#Norwegian" title="-het">-het</a> <a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/-het" class="extiw" title="no:-het">(no)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-skap#Norwegian" title="-skap">-skap</a> <a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/-skap" class="extiw" title="no:-skap">(no)</a></li> <li>Old English: <a href="/wiki/-nes#Old_English" title="-nes">-nes</a></li> <li>Old Norse: <a href="/wiki/-na%C3%B0r#Old_Norse" title="-naðr">-naðr</a>, <a href="/wiki/-skapr#Old_Norse" title="-skapr">-skapr</a></li> <li>Old Saxon: <a href="/w/index.php?title=-nessi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="-nessi (page does not exist)">-nessi</a></li> <li>Ottoman Turkish: <a href="/wiki/%D9%80%D9%84%D9%82#Ottoman_Turkish" title="ـلق">ـلق</a> (-lık), <a href="/wiki/%D9%80%D9%84%D9%83#Ottoman_Turkish" title="ـلك">ـلك</a> (-lik)</li> <li>Polish: <a href="/wiki/-o%C5%9B%C4%87#Polish" title="-ość">-ość</a> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/-o%C5%9B%C4%87" class="extiw" title="pl:-ość">(pl)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-stwo#Polish" title="-stwo">-stwo</a> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/-stwo" class="extiw" title="pl:-stwo">(pl)</a></li> <li>Portuguese: <a href="/wiki/-idade#Portuguese" title="-idade">-idade</a> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/-idade" class="extiw" title="pt:-idade">(pt)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/-eza#Portuguese" title="-eza">-eza</a> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/-eza" class="extiw" title="pt:-eza">(pt)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/-ez#Portuguese" title="-ez">-ez</a> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ez" class="extiw" title="pt:-ez">(pt)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/-id%C3%A3o#Portuguese" title="-idão">-idão</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Romani: <a href="/wiki/-ipen#Romani" title="-ipen">-ipen</a> <abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></li> <li>Romanian: <a href="/wiki/-itate#Romanian" title="-itate">-itate</a> <a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/-itate" class="extiw" title="ro:-itate">(ro)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/-tate#Romanian" title="-tate">-tate</a> <a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/-tate" class="extiw" title="ro:-tate">(ro)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/-%C4%83tate#Romanian" title="-ătate">-ătate</a> <a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%C4%83tate" class="extiw" title="ro:-ătate">(ro)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Russian: <a href="/wiki/-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian" title="-ность">-ность</a> (-nostʹ), <a href="/wiki/-%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian" title="-ость">-ость</a> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:-ость">(ru)</a> (-ostʹ), <a href="/wiki/-%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE#Russian" title="-ство">-ство</a> (-stvo), <a href="/wiki/-%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0#Russian" title="-щина">-щи́на</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (-ščína)</li> <li>Sanskrit: <a href="/wiki/-%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AF#Sanskrit" title="-ईय">-ईय</a> (-īya)</li> <li>Slovak: <a href="/wiki/-os%C5%A5#Slovak" title="-osť">-osť</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Spanish: <a href="/wiki/-idad#Spanish" title="-idad">-idad</a> <a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/-idad" class="extiw" title="es:-idad">(es)</a></li> <li>Swahili: <a href="/wiki/u-#Swahili" title="u-">u-</a></li> <li>Swedish: <a href="/wiki/-het#Swedish" title="-het">-het</a> <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/-het" class="extiw" title="sv:-het">(sv)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-skap#Swedish" title="-skap">-skap</a> <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/-skap" class="extiw" title="sv:-skap">(sv)</a></li> <li>Tagalog: <a href="/wiki/ka-_-an#Tagalog" title="ka- -an">ka- -an</a> <a href="https://tl.wiktionary.org/wiki/ka-_-an" class="extiw" title="tl:ka- -an">(tl)</a></li> <li>Telugu: <a href="/wiki/-%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81#Telugu" title="-తనము">-తనము</a> (-tanamu)</li> <li>Thai: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1#Thai" title="ความ">ความ</a> <a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" class="extiw" title="th:ความ">(th)</a> (kwaam)</li> <li>Turkish: <a href="/wiki/-l%C4%B1k#Turkish" title="-lık">-lık</a> <a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/-l%C4%B1k" class="extiw" title="tr:-lık">(tr)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-lik#Turkish" title="-lik">-lik</a> <a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/-lik" class="extiw" title="tr:-lik">(tr)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-luk#Turkish" title="-luk">-luk</a> <a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/-luk" class="extiw" title="tr:-luk">(tr)</a>, <a href="/wiki/-l%C3%BCk#Turkish" title="-lük">-lük</a> <a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/-l%C3%BCk" class="extiw" title="tr:-lük">(tr)</a></li> <li>Ukrainian: <a href="/wiki/-%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C#Ukrainian" title="-ість">-ість</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (-istʹ), <a href="/wiki/-%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE#Ukrainian" title="-ство">-ство</a> (-stvo)</li> <li>Vietnamese: <a href="/wiki/s%E1%BB%B1#Vietnamese" title="sự">sự</a> <a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/s%E1%BB%B1" class="extiw" title="vi:sự">(vi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/n%E1%BB%97i#Vietnamese" title="nỗi">nỗi</a> <a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%E1%BB%97i" class="extiw" title="vi:nỗi">(vi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/ni%E1%BB%81m#Vietnamese" title="niềm">niềm</a> <a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ni%E1%BB%81m" class="extiw" title="vi:niềm">(vi)</a></li> <li>Welsh: <a href="/wiki/-rwydd#Welsh" title="-rwydd">-rwydd</a> <a href="https://cy.wiktionary.org/wiki/-rwydd" class="extiw" title="cy:-rwydd">(cy)</a></li> <li>West Frisian: <a href="/wiki/-ens#West_Frisian" title="-ens">-ens</a>, <a href="/wiki/-heid#West_Frisian" title="-heid">-heid</a>, <a href="/wiki/-skip#West_Frisian" title="-skip">-skip</a></li> <li>Yiddish: <a href="/wiki/%D6%BE%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9#Yiddish" title="־ניש">־ניש</a> <abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr> (-nish), <a href="/wiki/%D6%BE%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98#Yiddish" title="־קייט">־קייט</a> (-keyt), <a href="/wiki/%D6%BE%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98#Yiddish" title="־הייט">־הייט</a> (-heyt)</li> <li>Zazaki: <a href="/wiki/-ey#Zazaki" title="-ey">-ey</a>, <a href="/wiki/-iye#Zazaki" title="-iye">-iye</a>, <a href="/wiki/-in#Zazaki" title="-in">-in</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anagrams">Anagrams</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Anagrams">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/sens#English" title="sens">sens</a>, <a href="/wiki/NSSE#English" title="NSSE">NSSE</a>, <a href="/wiki/ENSs#English" title="ENSs">ENSs</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNES#English" title="SNES">SNES</a>, <a href="/wiki/SE_SN#English" title="SE SN">SE SN</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESNs#English" title="ESNs">ESNs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sens.#English" title="Sens.">Sens.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sens#English" title="Sens">Sens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_English">Middle English</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Middle English">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffix_2">Suffix</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Suffix">edit</a>]</div> -ness <ol><li>Alternative form of <a href="/wiki/-nesse#Middle_English" title="-nesse">-nesse</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_English">Old English</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Old English">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pronunciation">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Old_English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Old English pronunciation">key</a>): /ness/, [nes]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffix_3">Suffix</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Suffix">edit</a>]</div> -ness <ol><li>Alternative form of <a href="/wiki/-nes#Old_English" title="-nes">-nes</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Declension">Declension</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Declension">edit</a>]</div> <div class="NavFrame" style="width:30em; max-width:100%;"> <div class="NavHead" style="background:#eff7ff">Declension of -ness (strong ō-stem) </div> <div class="NavContent"> <table style="background: #F9F9F9; text-align:left; width:30em; max-width:100%;" class="inflection-table"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/case" title="case">Case</a> </th> <th style="background: #EFEFFF; font-size: 90%; width: 50%"><a href="/wiki/singular" title="singular">Singular</a> </th> <th style="background: #EFEFFF; font-size: 90%; width: 50%"><a href="/wiki/plural" title="plural">Plural</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #EFEFFF; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/nominative_case" title="nominative case">nominative</a> </th> <td>-ness </td> <td><a href="/wiki/-nessa#Old_English" title="-nessa">-nessa</a>, <a href="/wiki/-nesse#Old_English" title="-nesse">-nesse</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #EFEFFF; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/accusative_case" title="accusative case">accusative</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/-nesse#Old_English" title="-nesse">-nesse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/-nessa#Old_English" title="-nessa">-nessa</a>, <a href="/wiki/-nesse#Old_English" title="-nesse">-nesse</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #EFEFFF; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/genitive_case" title="genitive case">genitive</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/-nesse#Old_English" title="-nesse">-nesse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/-nessa#Old_English" title="-nessa">-nessa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #EFEFFF; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/dative_case" title="dative case">dative</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/-nesse#Old_English" title="-nesse">-nesse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/-nessum#Old_English" title="-nessum">-nessum</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “-ness”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Anglo-Saxon_Dictionary" class="extiw" title="w:An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary">An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary</a></cite>‎<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bosworthtoller.com/055882">[1]</a>, 2nd edition, Oxford: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="extiw" title="w:Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scots">Scots</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Scots">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_forms_2">Alternative forms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Alternative forms">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/-nes#Scots" title="-nes">-nes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English" class="extiw" title="w:Middle English">Middle English</a> <a href="/wiki/-nes#Middle_English" title="-nes">-nes</a>, <a href="/wiki/-nesse#Middle_English" title="-nesse">-nesse</a>, from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English" class="extiw" title="w:Old English">Old English</a> <a href="/wiki/-nis#Old_English" title="-nis">-nis</a>, <a href="/wiki/-nes#Old_English" title="-nes">-nes</a>, from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-West_Germanic_language" class="extiw" title="w:Proto-West Germanic language">Proto-West Germanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/-nass%C4%AB" title="Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-nassī">*-nassī</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffix_4">Suffix</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Suffix">edit</a>]</div> -ness <ol><li>Affixed to <a href="/wiki/adjective#English" title="adjective">adjectives</a> to form abstract nouns which denote a <a href="/wiki/quality#English" title="quality">quality</a>, <a href="/wiki/state#English" title="state">state</a> or <a href="/wiki/condition#English" title="condition">condition</a>.</li></ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=-ness&oldid=82367631">https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=-ness&oldid=82367631</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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<li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=-ness">Create a book</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=-ness&action=show-download-screen">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ness&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > In other projects </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > In other languages </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" title="-ness – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="-ness" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 October 2024, at 07:10.</li> <li 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