CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913550e5d925f938',cH: 'r7DCwDcQPxLkGEeMT8cuylnOsyZZCOX3kOQN_OcbP3E-1739790470-1.2.1.1-KsZO8n_W6MgmcWmEMm6tT6Ywr5yab3nOU3xdaqfFXj6ZK9MqLglMBvp9ZA03Eu3U',cUPMDTk: "\/10000647\/json?__cf_chl_tk=pw5EKe1GxnTG4D5BnxJGUfe7P7fzwhNAMYu2UCLxQBk-1739790470-1.0.1.1-dWui5iSCI9xQQDqTpeGsZgKwB6woDFBSX1GQZAkF3CU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790470',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10000647\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=pw5EKe1GxnTG4D5BnxJGUfe7P7fzwhNAMYu2UCLxQBk-1739790470-1.0.1.1-dWui5iSCI9xQQDqTpeGsZgKwB6woDFBSX1GQZAkF3CU",md: "IPitubZj2SmStjeSk5aYj6oVL0nBj2GhvIIQWaFMYFo-1739790470-1.2.1.1-IZl.DLTTKhZpd.NJcO7vtdmsymtVeLLvhpljawgf_Im7XpEJZwhh.8iJIot1_ANsGyIfs8AgvbgVOf4.nBt4_lg1KhdFAwE80LaMWBB3tlAW9cpVtOq.B7vSItj_ORVXlQptNO_VAjhy51WIigFvN6GS0bTgs_zDuEPI3oduJ5Wsu76TSgXVqQP_rcjXXfkzgv_DAJH1M23087ZQh9IzunZ.f6krz.Bm4JxvJWmz0TEUYsOCEmH0V4TUOUMCA6CHzz95Rv15c.avaw._X5A6nlj0ZBUQcNBQmdzihC3a9RbeRghhdSP9M3D4uwvV_qse7v22_LmL6zM12rWQHjElJMu44cPB9QutppACCeUG5GzwUWGfVC33JzEKub1iYVTgsMb.C6d15hIywzNc4fOFFtjSZJEx_oRdIdQ2UHn3O1_IvcFgAdW3veuMj3iB9bYZiMTcq6TYvLBkK9XVvOCD1XRAWYhRIdGHbejWix2A1Gfwqei0rXXmupFTI5OEhIxtUIZ31mDN5AhArnW5VL9on4q97PInZmBdoCoZWMt05iYZN1JlBYAdAFXnspBh0YYcV5lDFK_y30axKG1j6C36pgH60JOlxC5_DUr1WhEXb8QECb8OekW1k9yFG5dbYYXXNnU4altmQuhtBQwx1gXk6kOw4Miqm1t2C.pm5A9JPtL0fOdg4CUMJrR9DuLqR3tswi6Y5_RX7ddGBePDKxvnVrW6iyMo3An57bTJK2H30_6rlbXz.vQWcyTy54hbD1Nxcgk7gG.qrW0EQayNso8L0jIEJr2PD8Vo0av0aK57UZ8pJrzvYmjwzTsLAV.BNGYJmevcjpsMFbUrmsYlzYRIN9PqzlJ6fhhx9OKZWR22q0GUAUHvkWddN.9Eqn.g5Iyn3E.vA2M3nOKhYrmE24YV.B.YSEGwd5cotXA1b1H0TjZIT0P58eEsCAFEAGw.nrhrCzsHKjy95zbrPpBk9dDAxXfdlLukVfhrjgHznZol0FOWXt.NIwjTpoxzxJD9I7bnXtGtwIbMpcuTV1kVpJx3gEWbYT1cig3NKHQ88a05_f_bInQKU_8pyvLwkkzBW3snJHKJMrQtLF2yy8go0bzDb3GxR55fE0v2XvnoITXEwNEfsbk1073ljCfH8eDs0kM.o3B8fAwVKflVdQ1_u_egd1euMr2VzjREXRtmjg_Vx36nl97gLS8AcZI7X0OtSBHBBPZGpuMLN7VEAx4ebFCDUv4zFmLSBcF9EMWJ5ggcPi7pWNTQABqP38Mb7kg_TlCpImWQq1XbCwPmvtbAJaZmoc_2HrqeckCHagitL2WmHudSMEdBXhG81gtQb7jo2MQkdn6iSqx1vMeVGbFWFFpimbzDY.A3.V9wbYPmsMz3hRBB1TPYyiNPzx2C5DV96d3lU9nyBBTMV_hWcTbd1PXOhAJuN3rIv4rpJbt.VRbbVxNaqOFGF83Backhoxuowd_2uwP.zi6uSV_3lGN2ALG89ewuF45PIe1Vb9rfLx0JumUH2YCktiZsJTgUooau_4Zn13SFsT_B5Em9iS9zFJF2NKKvuQ4q12S.Ym6iUu8S4PIKXmDjaqzcYecMhNHZPbo8Dd0mmwSEE6pN9cyOky7nFlIQTwFFhN8Ihzebl5Vp3jx6jVaglgIRaQAfVIxt4BKyDaFbivBrKBu3o0KEs_GVWQG6Etbt.WdHRim8SwedgVRrfpvm46gSQ70IZ64D2F0Z35S9NSuwcmqf3km8qnjIAukap815iUsyrTIfb6.Crhn8fpy4Bf974p2y_x3tjjLb0q_wRdz9R8_wAkyGsV4yRCnUUP7oOWvbBRmyrv56jrTJnBMmh1UEyOjHoQ9rPEGUbAXyROvLuyif.1adid6Be6wPWP8LWEiNObZyVXheHd8",mdrd: "14chqo_la3HDAMJWlt7neLK7DCSi5qqvDjDLtpNM11M-1739790470-1.2.1.1-XqoHiATaAaM1ds2L5w0e9JE5pPUafc0Y49cMs4f0Xd8Cs8gBWTSfk9FyBzHUxriUlpzNLYoJ4a0baUbX6uswyppiMFW9Zw8J_EwB7DlVCSbvBNLoi2F3gijfHxaOgrVARSsRSiHyHJH9K8eCKh.kUdZKXERZShYZ9gNk9tA4yNz2.CoYNsL33EQgl7Zkl7YhbOul3OCA3KmtoCnVdh99kF6K5hFzETi_uP2um18USrD0VF2QN.dN5aZBc.OFGhc0gqJZJ1Lt__aVm12iRu4Bim7DlWJnLnRhTZs8ZPh4GUqJhiK5otL87_9q_50wl8FdGekkf11kIzULECVaWwUOxdP4XbULqVn50.xugQ4P7n.kn0YraRxH3FY3NNkIS9etBaHp6QnTlsLkDD1xEzC.y39k.eVzoAvAHWIln75csbH9egmPrBuWQ_.gREB_rh1hd36ORm3fHXJDubqrx6mOAaGRsw2o8KPcnta6RF8y5oJgkPBBnDHPE.YtP5c5R.vxysSWb87YSyWM3OEbgd7gHir.jyt5smIEqax9.tkreQAgHbUUZ4PR903W8Amt60VGv6eoOMEKTv4zT2VRePOThElYOQeb7JxhK2tdF0EBU4h5RwllcXjzXxpFdphfrzs6YV83fi5HDeyxRNHjyp2Tc5RLnx70suIbLHspqdF7d4NpMUw1YQJdDOJFhUErKKtRhRPHgh3FTmrNH5lMjkWnLdljGfho0OU85rjNmsYIBZYfZqY5P3KRFG4EY6M.aFhqPwiqz3cYtYbSbP788cpjSJ6pDnemR_kDMtRBoqPXbpgZoGi7rfzCBzQLjKqW3U46CWOonrNpVll7G67AXVZUt3pi1aLfNbP82rve3C6irNb6jy7c8UC_MGzDKgQErCOs23QflKq7XhIs6O4rqL2RTiUa6rB3etEIpVMEfSgiELWpQ7aJfrQeTfTaqMmzEvfFr0CYOP6vwj4SDLjLID0BZUHIT5kqDf.lfIAgJ_dc6k9srVilbkuGrZ5u7UJx58nXWh.NiTGbYXo6il_VVTIhD4uofsf.xkpOyPAeqJHddpEuQ7Jybczs5rrK11pmM4YSA1k6eXbPujf_OuWsIQB3pDFTNZ.sY6TveEy.sFAqC4lqnPVwaGFUX23b.aNTKvDwC9qx1nt9kRn3rir2NhbIkQdMFFEI6Gcw36GCKC69snKDYQ7L4qWEKQkAPFwD5PD9eq0BrqNtYCeSAyYK.q6HanmrSL4A83MOuxBEXio8tzlrjGpnxm.DjzSMfhRHxGswHcahpb50uH7lvOejQXwwTPtgfm3vwEnfF8H9SHhfnLbvy8._Imfhu4RnyeqGvDifXaU_LIvFzT0KsIYfSE_Xt7oxP5uaqGLYTdRDNf2v9vMPiNEyhxM.34i536Ko8d_zKN5MnzoFn4f_LHWSNLI7qHHdAw9nZGfGAO3KuEjeECPh32BtmeDjhpwi8pQJFtCi6ryRjy5NPfWU7ifidbCZGHl5OIRGmsnXdi_rYjjIejn6t54C1Y6xuN_3moeDu_miKdB0b4Nir3AaQJfTXb26wSjKahGyX2vE8NsytAX6UNDWnON8oQJrBakSdUTVzyVpquZiAt.Y28IpDyUw7CpKdYvU.uEn4CT7FJbr70l8RQrexoWUk5DFn5ko4Qid.c0tgG_5HYijzfC.VXBUbK02fkT4P4Pk6XQtq0IbeCMrYpMmwz_sr9_SM8f6bLi2FIgdq3mrWSwOMb.Y6dazkj1ESOyVG39EWCV1M94aO4YwGNfScZxRIzgI.4kIk8bbkalwURTfHQX4ysUGHrY8tBM0s8fk3YeGb9jaG7eMp3AL.Hh5BNTdo1iLpnwQJE.OVIxeaqN8umF0R6xV2AruXOjdU2ijFn7lNfRMWnCzaoeWagE5OJusS2_7kRwW2YS5SBf2CDaNnLeu8wSM5_7d2kMfNpfUTUC.L3bHHL5twnbzoMi.h3gjiHLqf90w5OFyF9hh"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913550e5d925f938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10000647\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=pw5EKe1GxnTG4D5BnxJGUfe7P7fzwhNAMYu2UCLxQBk-1739790470-1.0.1.1-dWui5iSCI9xQQDqTpeGsZgKwB6woDFBSX1GQZAkF3CU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>