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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life and career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birth_of_the_Cool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_of_the_Cool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><i>Birth of the Cool</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_of_the_Cool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_pianoless_quartet_with_Chet_Baker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_pianoless_quartet_with_Chet_Baker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The pianoless quartet with Chet Baker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_pianoless_quartet_with_Chet_Baker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Middle career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestral_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestral_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Orchestral work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestral_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Last years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre_and_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre_and_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Theatre and film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre_and_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Discography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Discography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_leader/co-leader" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_leader/co-leader"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>As leader/co-leader</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_leader/co-leader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_sideman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_sideman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>As sideman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_sideman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_composer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_composer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>As composer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_composer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جيري موليغان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيري موليغان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%86" title="جری مالیقن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جری مالیقن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Джэры Малігэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэры Малігэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Джери Мълиган – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джери Мълиган" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86" title="جری مالیگن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جری مالیگن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A9%80%EB%A6%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="제리 멀리건 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제리 멀리건" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9F" title="ג'רי מאליגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'רי מאליגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جيرى موليجان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيرى موليجان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3" title="ジェリー・マリガン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェリー・マリガン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Маллиган, Джерри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маллиган, Джерри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gerry Mulligan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Джеррі Малліган – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеррі Малліган" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q156535#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Gerry_Mulligan" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American jazz musician (1927–1996)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn">Gerry Mulligan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerry_Mulligan_(1980s_portrait_by_William_P._Gottlieb).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mulligan, c. 1980s, by William P. Gottlieb"><img alt="Mulligan, c. 1980s, by William P. Gottlieb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gerry_Mulligan_%281980s_portrait_by_William_P._Gottlieb%29.jpg/220px-Gerry_Mulligan_%281980s_portrait_by_William_P._Gottlieb%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gerry_Mulligan_%281980s_portrait_by_William_P._Gottlieb%29.jpg/330px-Gerry_Mulligan_%281980s_portrait_by_William_P._Gottlieb%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gerry_Mulligan_%281980s_portrait_by_William_P._Gottlieb%29.jpg/440px-Gerry_Mulligan_%281980s_portrait_by_William_P._Gottlieb%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3092" data-file-height="3865" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Mulligan, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span class="nowrap"> </span>1980s, by <a href="/wiki/William_P._Gottlieb" title="William P. Gottlieb">William P. Gottlieb</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Gerald Joseph Mulligan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-04-06</span>)</span>April 6, 1927<br /><a href="/wiki/Queens,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens, New York">Queens, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 20, 1996<span style="display:none">(1996-01-20)</span> (aged 68)<br /><a href="/wiki/Darien,_Connecticut" title="Darien, Connecticut">Darien, Connecticut</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">cool jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream">third stream</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Musician</li><li>composer</li><li>arranger</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baritone_saxophone" title="Baritone saxophone">Baritone saxophone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1946–1996</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Spouses</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jeffie Boyd</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1953; <abbr title="annulled">ann.</abbr> 1953)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Arlyne Brown</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1953; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1959)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Franca Rota</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1982)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-Josephson89_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josephson89-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Partners</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a> (1958–1965; her death)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Dennis" title="Sandy Dennis">Sandy Dennis</a> (1965–1974)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <p><b>Gerald Joseph Mulligan</b> (April 6, 1927 – January 20, 1996), also known as <b>Jeru</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> saxophonist, clarinetist, composer and arranger.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though primarily known as one of the leading jazz <a href="/wiki/Baritone_saxophone" title="Baritone saxophone">baritone saxophonists</a>—playing the instrument with a light and airy tone in the era of <a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">cool jazz</a>—Mulligan was also a significant arranger working with <a href="/wiki/Claude_Thornhill" title="Claude Thornhill">Claude Thornhill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Kenton" title="Stan Kenton">Stan Kenton</a>, and others. His piano-less quartet of the early 1950s with trumpeter <a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet Baker</a> is still regarded as one of the best cool jazz ensembles. Mulligan was also a skilled pianist and played several other <a href="/wiki/Reed_(mouthpiece)" title="Reed (mouthpiece)">reed instruments</a>. Several of his compositions including "<a href="/wiki/Walkin%27_Shoes" title="Walkin' Shoes">Walkin' Shoes</a>" and "Five Brothers", have become standards. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gerry Mulligan was born in <a href="/wiki/Queens_Village,_Queens" title="Queens Village, Queens">Queens Village, Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> the son of George and Louise Mulligan. His father was a <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>, native of Irish descent; his mother a <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> native of half-Irish and half-German descent. Gerry was the youngest of four sons with George, Phil and Don preceding him. </p><p>George Mulligan's career as an engineer necessitated frequent moves through numerous cities. When Gerry was less than a year old, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Marion,_Ohio" title="Marion, Ohio">Marion, Ohio</a>, where his father accepted a job with the Marion Power Shovel Company. </p><p>With the demands of a large home and four young boys to raise, Mulligan's mother hired an African American nanny named Lily Rose, who became especially fond of the youngest Mulligan. As he became older, Mulligan began spending time at Rose's house and was especially amused by Rose's <a href="/wiki/Player_piano" title="Player piano">player piano</a>, which Mulligan later recalled as having rolls by numerous players, including <a href="/wiki/Fats_Waller" title="Fats Waller">Fats Waller</a>. Black musicians sometimes came through town, and because many motels would not take them, they often had to stay at homes within the black community. The young Mulligan occasionally met such musicians staying at Rose's home. </p><p>The family's moves continued with stops in <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a> (where Mulligan lived with his maternal grandmother), <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">Kalamazoo, Michigan</a>, where Mulligan lived for three years and attended <a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic school</a>. When the school moved into a new building and established music courses, Mulligan decided to play clarinet in the school's nascent orchestra. Mulligan made an attempt at arranging with the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Lover_(Rodgers_and_Hart_song)" title="Lover (Rodgers and Hart song)">Lover</a>", but the arrangement was seized prior to its first reading by an overzealous nun who was taken aback by the title on the arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Gerry Mulligan was 14, his family moved to <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading, Pennsylvania</a>. While in Reading, Mulligan began studying clarinet with dance-band musician Sammy Correnti,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who also encouraged Mulligan's interest in arranging. Mulligan also began playing saxophone professionally in dance bands in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, an hour and a half or so away. </p><p>The Mulligan family next moved to Philadelphia, where Gerry attended the <a href="/wiki/West_Philadelphia_Catholic_High_School_for_Boys" title="West Philadelphia Catholic High School for Boys">West Philadelphia Catholic High School for Boys</a> and organized a school <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a>, for which he also wrote arrangements. When Mulligan was sixteen, he approached Johnny Warrington at local radio station <a href="/wiki/WPHT" title="WPHT">WCAU</a> about writing arrangements for the station's house band. Warrington was impressed and began buying Mulligan's arrangements. </p><p>Mulligan dropped out of high school during his senior year to pursue work with a touring band. He contacted bandleader <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tucker_(Band_Leader)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tommy Tucker (Band Leader)">Tommy Tucker</a> when Tucker was visiting Philadelphia's Earle Theatre. While Tucker did not need an additional reedman, he was looking for an arranger and Mulligan was hired at $100 a week to do two or three arrangements a week (including all copying). At the conclusion of Mulligan's three-month contract, Tucker told Mulligan that he should move on to another band which was a little less "tame". Mulligan went back to Philadelphia and began writing for <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Lawrence" title="Elliot Lawrence">Elliot Lawrence</a>, a pianist and composer who had taken over for Warrington as the band leader at WCAU. </p><p>Mulligan moved to New York City in January 1946 and joined the arranging staff on <a href="/wiki/Gene_Krupa" title="Gene Krupa">Gene Krupa</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a>-tinged band.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arrangements of Mulligan's work with Krupa include "Birdhouse", "Disc Jockey Jump" and an arrangement of "<a href="/wiki/How_High_the_Moon" title="How High the Moon">How High the Moon</a>", quoting <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Ornithology_(composition)" title="Ornithology (composition)">Ornithology</a>" as a <a href="/wiki/Countermelody" class="mw-redirect" title="Countermelody">countermelody</a>. </p><p>Mulligan next began arranging for the <a href="/wiki/Claude_Thornhill" title="Claude Thornhill">Claude Thornhill</a> Orchestra, occasionally sitting in as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Reed_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed instrument">reed</a> section.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thornhill's arranging staff included <a href="/wiki/Gil_Evans" title="Gil Evans">Gil Evans</a>, whom Mulligan had met while working with the Krupa band.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mulligan eventually began living with Evans; this was at the time that Evans' apartment on West <a href="/wiki/55th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="55th Street (Manhattan)">55th Street</a> became a regular hangout for a number of jazz musicians, working on creating a new jazz idiom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_of_the_Cool"><i>Birth of the Cool</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Birth of the Cool"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1948, <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> formed a nine-piece band that used arrangements by Mulligan, Evans and <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_(pianist)" title="John Lewis (pianist)">John Lewis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The band initially consisted of Davis on trumpet, Mulligan on baritone saxophone, trombonist <a href="/wiki/Mike_Zwerin" title="Mike Zwerin">Mike Zwerin</a>, alto saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Lee_Konitz" title="Lee Konitz">Lee Konitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Junior_Collins" title="Junior Collins">Junior Collins</a> on <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">French horn</a>, tubist <a href="/wiki/Bill_Barber_(musician)" title="Bill Barber (musician)">Bill Barber</a>, pianist John Lewis, bassist <a href="/wiki/Al_McKibbon" title="Al McKibbon">Al McKibbon</a>, and drummer <a href="/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a>. </p><p>The band only played a handful of live performances (a two-week engagement at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Roost" title="Royal Roost">Royal Roost</a> and two nights at the Clique Club). However over the next couple of years, Davis reformed the nonet on three occasions to record twelve pieces for release as singles by <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>. They formed the <i><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Birth of the Cool">Birth of the Cool</a></i> 12-inch album released in 1957. Mulligan wrote and arranged three of the tunes recorded ("Rocker", "Venus de Milo", and "Jeru", the last named after himself), and arranged a further three ("Deception", "Godchild", and "<a href="/wiki/Darn_That_Dream" title="Darn That Dream">Darn That Dream</a>"). </p><p>He was also one of only four musicians who played on all the recordings, with Davis, Konitz and Barber. Despite the chilly reception by audiences of 1949, the Davis nine-piece has been judged by history as one of the most influential groups in jazz history, creating a sound that, despite its <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> origins, became known as <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast Jazz">West Coast Jazz</a>. </p><p>During his period of occasional work with the Davis nonet between 1949 and 1951, Mulligan also regularly performed with and arranged for trombonist <a href="/wiki/Kai_Winding" title="Kai Winding">Kai Winding</a>. Mulligan's composition "Elevation" and his arrangement of "<a href="/wiki/Between_the_Devil_and_the_Deep_Blue_Sea_(song)" title="Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (song)">Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea</a>" were recorded by Mulligan's old boss, Elliot Lawrence. It brought Mulligan additional recognition. Mulligan also arranged for and recorded with bands led by <a href="/wiki/Georgie_Auld" title="Georgie Auld">Georgie Auld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chubby_Jackson" title="Chubby Jackson">Chubby Jackson</a>. </p><p>In September 1951, Mulligan recorded the first album under his own name, <i><a href="/wiki/Mulligan_Plays_Mulligan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulligan Plays Mulligan">Mulligan Plays Mulligan</a></i>. By that point, he had mastered a melodic and linear playing style, inspired by <a href="/wiki/Lester_Young" title="Lester Young">Lester Young</a>, that he would retain for the rest of his career. </p><p>In early 1952, seeking better employment opportunities, Mulligan headed west to Los Angeles with his girlfriend, pianist Gail Madden. Through an acquaintance with arranger <a href="/wiki/Bob_Graettinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Graettinger">Bob Graettinger</a>, Mulligan started writing arrangements for <a href="/wiki/Stan_Kenton" title="Stan Kenton">Stan Kenton</a>'s Orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While most of Mulligan's work for Kenton were somewhat pedestrian arrangements, that Kenton needed to fill out money-making dance performances, Mulligan was able to throw in some more substantial original works along the way. His compositions "Walking Shoes" and "Young Blood", stand out as embodiments of the <a href="/wiki/Contrapuntal" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrapuntal">contrapuntal</a> style that became Mulligan's signature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_pianoless_quartet_with_Chet_Baker">The pianoless quartet with Chet Baker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The pianoless quartet with Chet Baker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While arranging for Kenton, Mulligan began performing on off-nights at <a href="/wiki/The_Haig" title="The Haig">The Haig</a>, a small jazz club on <a href="/wiki/Wilshire_Boulevard" title="Wilshire Boulevard">Wilshire Boulevard</a> at Kenmore Street in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood, Los Angeles</a>. During the Monday night jam sessions, a young trumpeter named <a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet Baker</a> began sitting in with Mulligan. Mulligan and Baker began recording together, although they were unsatisfied with the results. Around that time, vibraphonist <a href="/wiki/Red_Norvo" title="Red Norvo">Red Norvo</a>'s trio (with guitar and bass) began headlining at The Haig, thus leaving no need to keep the grand piano that had been brought in for <a href="/wiki/Erroll_Garner" title="Erroll Garner">Erroll Garner</a>'s stay at the club. </p><p>Faced with a dilemma of what to do for a rhythm section, Mulligan decided to build on earlier experiments and perform as a pianoless quartet with Baker on trumpet, <a href="/wiki/Carson_Smith_(musician)" title="Carson Smith (musician)">Carson Smith</a> on bass, and <a href="/wiki/Chico_Hamilton" title="Chico Hamilton">Chico Hamilton</a> on drums (later Mulligan himself would occasionally double on piano).<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These early live dates were recorded by Richard Bock on a portable reel-to-reel tape deck. Bock along with <a href="/wiki/Roy_Harte" title="Roy Harte">Roy Harte</a> would soon after, start the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Jazz_Records" title="Pacific Jazz Records">Pacific Jazz</a> label and release Mulligan's records.<sup id="cite_ref-gavin_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gavin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mulligan's first recording sessions in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> were produced by Bock for Pacific Jazz. These three informal sessions took place in June, July, and August 1952 at the Hollywood Hills home studio of recording engineer Phil Turetsky. At these sessions, Mulligan, Chet Baker, and others recorded the material that was released as Pacific Jazz PJ LP-1 and later on PJ-8.<sup id="cite_ref-gavin_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gavin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baker's melodic style fit well with Mulligan's, leading them to create improvised contrapuntal textures free from the rigid confines of a piano-enforced chordal structure. While novel at the time in sound and style, this ethos of contrapuntal group improvisation hearkened back to the formative days of jazz. Despite their very different backgrounds–Mulligan, a classically trained New Yorker, and Baker, from <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> and a much more instinctive player–they had an almost psychic rapport and Mulligan later remarked that: "I had never experienced anything like that before and not really since." Their dates at the Haig became sell-outs and the recordings they made in late 1952 became major sellers, that led to significant acclaim for Mulligan and Baker. The recordings included singles such as "Motel" (1953) labelled as 'The Gerry Mulligan Quartet Featuring Chet Baker'. </p><p>The fortuitous collaboration came to an abrupt end with Mulligan's arrest on narcotics charges in mid-1953, leading to six months at Sheriff's Honor Farm. Both Mulligan and Baker had, like many of their peers, become heroin addicts. However, while Mulligan was in prison, Baker transformed his lyrical trumpet style, gentle tenor voice and matinee-idol looks into independent stardom. Thus, when upon his release Mulligan attempted to rehire Baker, the trumpeter declined the offer for financial reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They did briefly reunite at the 1955 <a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport Jazz Festival</a> and would occasionally get together for performances and recordings up through a 1974 performance at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>. But in later years their relationship became strained as Mulligan, with considerable effort, would manage to kick his habit, while Baker's addiction bedevilled him professionally and personally almost constantly until his death in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_career">Middle career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middle career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Concert_van_Jerry_Mulligan_in_het_concertgebouw,_Bestanddeelnr_911-7438.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Concert_van_Jerry_Mulligan_in_het_concertgebouw%2C_Bestanddeelnr_911-7438.jpg/220px-Concert_van_Jerry_Mulligan_in_het_concertgebouw%2C_Bestanddeelnr_911-7438.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Concert_van_Jerry_Mulligan_in_het_concertgebouw%2C_Bestanddeelnr_911-7438.jpg/330px-Concert_van_Jerry_Mulligan_in_het_concertgebouw%2C_Bestanddeelnr_911-7438.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Concert_van_Jerry_Mulligan_in_het_concertgebouw%2C_Bestanddeelnr_911-7438.jpg/440px-Concert_van_Jerry_Mulligan_in_het_concertgebouw%2C_Bestanddeelnr_911-7438.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2583" data-file-height="2593" /></a><figcaption>Mulligan on piano in the Netherlands in 1960</figcaption></figure> <p>Mulligan continued the quartet format with valve trombonist <a href="/wiki/Bob_Brookmeyer" title="Bob Brookmeyer">Bob Brookmeyer</a> replacing Baker,<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Mulligan and Brookmeyer both occasionally played piano. The quartet played at the third Paris Jazz Fair in 1954, with <a href="/wiki/Red_Mitchell" title="Red Mitchell">Red Mitchell</a> on bass and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Isola" title="Frank Isola">Frank Isola</a> on drums. This quartet structure remained the core of Mulligan's groups throughout the rest of the 1950s,<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with sporadic personnel changes and expansions of the group with trumpeters <a href="/wiki/Jon_Eardley" title="Jon Eardley">Jon Eardley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer">Art Farmer</a>; saxophonists <a href="/wiki/Zoot_Sims" title="Zoot Sims">Zoot Sims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Cohn" title="Al Cohn">Al Cohn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lee_Konitz" title="Lee Konitz">Lee Konitz</a>; and vocalist <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ross" title="Annie Ross">Annie Ross</a>. In 1957, Mulligan and his wife, Arlyne Brown Mulligan (daughter of composer <a href="/wiki/Lew_Brown" title="Lew Brown">Lew Brown</a>), had a son, Reed Brown Mulligan. </p><p>Mulligan also studied piano with Suezenne Fordham, who was a member of the inner circle of jazz players in New York. She was sought out by jazz musicians of the era to coach them to improve their piano technique. She and Mulligan also had a personal relationship from 1966 through 1972. </p><p>Mulligan also performed as a soloist or sideman (often in festival settings) with a variety of late-1950s jazz artists: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Desmond" title="Paul Desmond">Paul Desmond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Webster" title="Ben Webster">Ben Webster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hodges" title="Johnny Hodges">Johnny Hodges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Witherspoon" title="Jimmy Witherspoon">Jimmy Witherspoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marian_McPartland" title="Marian McPartland">Marian McPartland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson">Fletcher Henderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manny_Albam" title="Manny Albam">Manny Albam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kai_Winding" title="Kai Winding">Kai Winding</a>, Miles Davis, and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a>. Mulligan appeared in <a href="/wiki/Art_Kane" title="Art Kane">Art Kane</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Great_Day_in_Harlem_(photograph)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Great Day in Harlem (photograph)">A Great Day in Harlem</a> portrait of 57 major jazz musicians taken in August 1958. </p><p>Mulligan formed his first "Concert Jazz Band" in the spring of 1960. Partly an attempt to revisit <a href="/wiki/Big_band_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Big band music">big band music</a> in a smaller setting, the band varied in size and personnel, with the core group being six brass, five reeds (including Mulligan) and a pianoless two-piece rhythm section (though as in the earlier quartets Mulligan or Brookmeyer sometimes doubled on piano). The membership included (at various times, among others): trumpeters <a href="/wiki/Conte_Candoli" title="Conte Candoli">Conte Candoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Travis" title="Nick Travis">Nick Travis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Terry" title="Clark Terry">Clark Terry</a>, Don Ferrara, Al Derisi, <a href="/wiki/Thad_Jones" title="Thad Jones">Thad Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doc_Severinsen" title="Doc Severinsen">Doc Severinsen</a>; saxophonists <a href="/wiki/Zoot_Sims" title="Zoot Sims">Zoot Sims</a>, Jim Reider, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Allen_(musician)" title="Gene Allen (musician)">Gene Allen</a>, Bobby Donovan, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Woods" title="Phil Woods">Phil Woods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gene_Quill" title="Gene Quill">Gene Quill</a>; trombonists <a href="/wiki/Willie_Dennis" title="Willie Dennis">Willie Dennis</a>; Alan Raph and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Brookmeyer" title="Bob Brookmeyer">Bob Brookmeyer</a>; drummers <a href="/wiki/Mel_Lewis" title="Mel Lewis">Mel Lewis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gus_Johnson_(jazz_musician)" title="Gus Johnson (jazz musician)">Gus Johnson</a>; and bassists Buddy Clark and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Crow" title="Bill Crow">Bill Crow</a>. The band also recorded an album of songs sung by Mulligan's girlfriend <a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a> in 1961. The band toured and recorded extensively through the end of 1964, eventually recording five albums for <a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve Records</a>. </p><p>Mulligan resumed work with small groups in 1962 and appeared with other groups sporadically (notably in festival situations). Mulligan continued to work intermittently in small group settings until the end of his life, although performing dates started to become more infrequent during the mid 1960s. After <a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a>'s quartet broke up in 1967, Mulligan began appearing regularly with Brubeck as the "Gerry Mulligan / Dave Brubeck Quartet" through 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that Mulligan and Brubeck worked together sporadically until the final year of Mulligan's life. </p><p>In 1971, Mulligan created his most significant work for big band in over a decade, for the album <i>The Age of Steam</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At various times in the 1970s, he performed with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a>. The Concert Jazz Band was "reformed" with younger players, including a full-time pianist in <a href="/wiki/Mitchel_Forman" title="Mitchel Forman">Mitchel Forman</a>, in 1978, and toured during the 1980s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestral_work">Orchestral work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Orchestral work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mulligan, like many jazz musicians of his era, occasionally recorded with strings. Dates included 1957 recordings with <a href="/wiki/Vinnie_Burke" title="Vinnie Burke">Vinnie Burke</a>'s String Jazz Quartet, a 1959 orchestra album with <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a> and a 1965 album of the Gerry Mulligan Quintet and Strings. In 1974, Mulligan recorded in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> the album <i><a href="/wiki/Summit_(album)" title="Summit (album)">Summit</a></i> with Argentine tango musician <a href="/wiki/%C3%81stor_Piazzolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ástor Piazzolla">Ástor Piazzolla</a>. While in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> for the recording sessions, Mulligan met his future wife, Countess Franca Rota Borghini Baldovinetti, a freelance photojournalist and reporter. In 1975, Mulligan recorded an album with Italian pianist / composer <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Intra" title="Enrico Intra">Enrico Intra</a>, bassist/arranger <a href="/wiki/Pino_Presti" title="Pino Presti">Pino Presti</a>, flutist Giancarlo Barigozzi, and drummer <a href="/wiki/Tullio_De_Piscopo" title="Tullio De Piscopo">Tullio De Piscopo</a>. Mulligan's more classical work with orchestras began in May 1970 with a performance of Dave Brubeck's oratorio, <i>The Light in the Wilderness</i> with <a href="/wiki/Erich_Kunzel" title="Erich Kunzel">Erich Kunzel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Symphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati Symphony">Cincinnati Symphony</a>. </p><p>In the 1970s and 1980s, Mulligan worked to build and promote a repertoire of baritone saxophone music for orchestra. In 1973, Mulligan commissioned composer <a href="/wiki/Frank_Proto" title="Frank Proto">Frank Proto</a> to write a <i>Saxophone Concerto</i> that was premiered with the Cincinnati Symphony. In 1977, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> commissioned <a href="/wiki/Harry_Freedman" title="Harry Freedman">Harry Freedman</a> to write the saxophone concerto <i>Celebration</i>, which was performed by Mulligan with the CBC Symphony. In 1982, <a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a> invited Mulligan to play soprano saxophone in a New York Philharmonic performance of <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Ravel</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%A9ro" title="Boléro">Boléro</a></i>. </p><p>In 1984, Mulligan commissioned <a href="/wiki/Harry_Freedman" title="Harry Freedman">Harry Freedman</a> to write <i>The Sax Chronicles</i>, which was an arrangement of some of Mulligan's melodies in pastiche styles. In April of that year, Mulligan was a soloist with the <a href="/wiki/New_American_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="New American Orchestra">New American Orchestra</a> in Los Angeles for the premiere of <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Williams_(composer)" title="Patrick Williams (composer)">Patrick Williams</a>' <i>Spring Wings</i>. </p><p>In June 1984, Mulligan completed and performed his first orchestral commission, <i>Entente for Baritone Saxophone and Orchestra</i>, with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filarmonia_Venetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filarmonia Venetia (page does not exist)">Filarmonia Venetia</a>. In October, Mulligan performed <i>Entente</i> and <i>The Sax Chronicles</i> with the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a>. </p><p>In 1987, Mulligan adapted <i>K-4 Pacific</i> (from his 1971 <i>Age of Steam</i> big band recording) for quartet with orchestra and performed it beside <i>Entente</i> with the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Israel Philharmonic Orchestra">Israel Philharmonic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> with <a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a> conducting. Mulligan's orchestral appearances at the time also included the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Symphony" title="Houston Symphony">Houston Symphony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Philharmonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm Philharmonic">Stockholm Philharmonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a>. </p><p>In 1988, Mulligan's <i>Octet for Sea Cliff</i> was premiered. A chamber work, it was commissioned by the Sea Cliff Chamber Players. In 1991, the Concordia Orchestra premiered <i>Momo's Clock</i>, a work for orchestra (without saxophone solo) that was inspired by a book by German author <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ende" title="Michael Ende">Michael Ende</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Last_years">Last years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Last years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout Mulligan's orchestral work and until the end of his life, Mulligan maintained an active career performing and recording jazz – usually with a quartet that included a piano. </p><p>In June 1988, Mulligan was invited to be the first Composer-in-Residence at the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Glasgow International Jazz Festival">Glasgow International Jazz Festival</a> and was commissioned to write a work, which he titled <i>The Flying Scotsman</i>. In 1991, Mulligan contacted Miles Davis about revisiting the music from the seminal 1949 <i>Birth of the Cool</i> album. Davis had recently performed some of his Gil Evans collaborations with <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Montreux_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreux Jazz Festival">Montreux Jazz Festival</a> and was enthusiastic. However, Davis died in September and Mulligan continued the recording project and tour with <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Roney" title="Wallace Roney">Wallace Roney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer">Art Farmer</a> substituting for Davis. <i>Re-Birth of the Cool</i> (released in 1992) featured the charts from <i>Birth of the Cool</i>, and a nonet which included Lewis and Barber from the original Davis band. Mulligan appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Brecon_Jazz_Festival" title="Brecon Jazz Festival">Brecon Jazz Festival</a> in 1991. Mulligan's final recording was a quartet album (with guests), <i>Dragonfly</i>, recorded in the summer of 1995 and released on the <a href="/wiki/Telarc" class="mw-redirect" title="Telarc">Telarc</a> label. Mulligan gave his final performance on the 13th Annual Floating Jazz Festival, Caribbean Cruise, November 9, 1995. </p><p>Mulligan died in <a href="/wiki/Darien,_Connecticut" title="Darien, Connecticut">Darien, Connecticut</a>, on January 20, 1996, at the age of 68, following complications from knee surgery. His widow Franca–to whom he had been married since 1982<sup id="cite_ref-Josephson89_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josephson89-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–said he had also been suffering from liver cancer. Upon Mulligan's death, his library and numerous personal effects (including a gold-plated Conn baritone saxophone) were given to the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'The Gerry Mulligan Collection' is open to registered public researchers in the library's Performing Arts Research Center.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The library placed Mulligan's saxophone on permanent exhibit in early 2009. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theatre_and_film">Theatre and film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Theatre and film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mulligan's first film appearance was probably with Krupa's orchestra playing alto saxophone in the <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO</a> short film <i>Follow That Music</i> (1946). Mulligan had small roles in the films <i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live!" title="I Want to Live!">I Want to Live!</a></i> (1958), as a jazz combo member; <i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_on_a_Summer%27s_Day" title="Jazz on a Summer's Day">Jazz on a Summer's Day</a></i> (1960), featuring his performance at the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rat_Race" title="The Rat Race">The Rat Race</a></i> (1960), in which he appears as a tenor saxophonist instead of his usual instrument; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Subterraneans_(film)" title="The Subterraneans (film)">The Subterraneans</a></i> (1960) and <i><a href="/wiki/Bells_Are_Ringing_(film)" title="Bells Are Ringing (film)">Bells Are Ringing</a></i> (also 1960) with his then partner, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a>. Mulligan also performed numerous times on television programmes during his career. </p><p>As a film composer, Mulligan wrote music for <i><a href="/wiki/A_Thousand_Clowns" title="A Thousand Clowns">A Thousand Clowns</a></i> (1965, the title theme), the film version of the Broadway comedy <i>Luv</i> (1967), the French films <i>La Menace</i> (1977) and <i>Les Petites galères</i> (1977, with <a href="/wiki/%C3%81stor_Piazzolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ástor Piazzolla">Ástor Piazzolla</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Not_Rappaport_(film)" title="I'm Not Rappaport (film)">I'm Not Rappaport</a></i> (1996, the title theme). </p><p>In 1974, Mulligan collaborated on a musical version of <a href="/wiki/Anita_Loos" title="Anita Loos">Anita Loos</a>' play <i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Birthday_(play)" title="Happy Birthday (play)">Happy Birthday</a></i>. Although the creative team had great hopes for the work, it never made it past a workshop production at the University of Alabama. In 1978, Mulligan wrote incidental music for <a href="/wiki/Dale_Wasserman" title="Dale Wasserman">Dale Wasserman</a>'s Broadway play <i>Play with Fire</i>. </p><p>In 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Hal_Leonard_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hal Leonard Corporation">Hal Leonard Corporation</a> released the video tape <i>The Gerry Mulligan Workshop – A Master Class on Jazz and Its Legendary Players</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mulligan married Jeffie Lee Boyd in 1953, but the marriage was annulled. Later that same year he married Arlyne Brown, the daughter of songwriter <a href="/wiki/Lew_Brown" title="Lew Brown">Lew Brown</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their son, Reed Brown Mulligan, was born in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple divorced in 1959. </p><p>Mulligan spent the next six years with actress and singer <a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a>, with whom he recorded an album, <i><a href="/wiki/Holliday_with_Mulligan" title="Holliday with Mulligan">Holliday With Mulligan</a></i>. Holliday died of cancer in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Holliday’s death, Mulligan met actress <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Dennis" title="Sandy Dennis">Sandy Dennis</a>. According to her manager, Bill Treusch, Dennis and Mulligan never officially married, but were together from 1965 to 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, Mulligan met Countess Franca Rota Borghini Baldovinetti, through their mutual friend <a href="/wiki/Astor_Piazzolla" title="Astor Piazzolla">Astor Piazzolla</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although they didn’t marry until 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They remained together until his death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1981 Grammy Award for <i>Walk on the Water (Best Jazz Instrumental Performance by a Big Band)</i></li> <li>1981 Grammy nominations for the albums <i>The Age of Steam</i>, <i>For an Unfinished Woman</i> and <i>Soft Lights and Sweet Music</i></li> <li>1982 <i>Birth of the Cool</i> album inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame</li> <li>1982 Connecticut Arts Award</li> <li>1984 Viotti Prize (Vercelli, Italy)</li> <li>1984 Inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame</li> <li>1988 Duke Ellington Fellow at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></li> <li>1989 Received keys to the city of Trieste, Italy</li> <li>1990 Philadelphia Music Foundation Hall of Fame</li> <li>1991 American Jazz Hall of Fame</li> <li>1992 Lionel Hampton School of Music Hall of Fame</li> <li>1992 Guest composer at the Mertens Contemporary American Composer's Festival, University of Bridgeport, Connecticut</li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Downbeat_magazine#Down_Beat_Jazz_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Downbeat magazine"><i>Down Beat</i> Jazz Hall of Fame</a></li> <li>1995 Artists Committee for the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Center">Kennedy Center</a> Honors for the Performing Arts</li> <li>1953–1995, winner for 42 consecutive years, of the <i>Down Beat</i> magazine reader's poll for: Outstanding baritone saxophonist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_leader/co-leader"><span id="As_leader.2Fco-leader"></span>As leader/co-leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: As leader/co-leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1950: <i>The Gerry Mulligan Quartet/Gerry Mulligan with the Chubby Jackson Big Band</i> – The big band sides are from 1950, the band led by bassist Jackson included <a href="/wiki/Howard_McGhee" title="Howard McGhee">Howard McGhee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoot_Sims" title="Zoot Sims">Zoot Sims</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J._J._Johnson" title="J. J. Johnson">J. J. Johnson</a>. The quartet sides, with <a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet Baker</a> were recorded at two sessions in 1952.</li> <li>1951: <i>Mulligan Plays Mulligan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records" title="Prestige Records">Prestige</a>, 1951)[10 inch] – reissued as <i><a href="/wiki/Historically_Speaking_(Gerry_Mulligan_album)" title="Historically Speaking (Gerry Mulligan album)">Historically Speaking</a></i> (1957)[LP]</li> <li>1952: <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet_Volume_1" title="Gerry Mulligan Quartet Volume 1">Gerry Mulligan Quartet Volume 1</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Jazz_Records" title="Pacific Jazz Records">Pacific Jazz</a>, 1952)[10 inch]</li> <li>1953: <i><a href="/wiki/Lee_Konitz_Plays_with_the_Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet" title="Lee Konitz Plays with the Gerry Mulligan Quartet">Lee Konitz Plays with the Gerry Mulligan Quartet</a></i> (Pacific Jazz, 1953)[10 inch] – reissued as a compilation album with the same title and previously unreleased tracks and alternate takes (1957)[LP]</li> <li>1953: <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet_Volume_2" title="Gerry Mulligan Quartet Volume 2">Gerry Mulligan Quartet Volume 2</a></i> (Pacific Jazz, 1953)[10 inch]</li> <li>1953: <i><a href="/wiki/Gene_Norman_Presents_the_Original_Gerry_Mulligan_Tentet_and_Quartet" title="Gene Norman Presents the Original Gerry Mulligan Tentet and Quartet">Gene Norman Presents the Original Gerry Mulligan Tentet and Quartet</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/GNP_Records" title="GNP Records">GNP</a>, 1954)[10 inch]</li> <li>1954: <i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Concert_(Gerry_Mulligan_album)" title="Paris Concert (Gerry Mulligan album)">Paris Concert</a></i> (Vogue/Pacific Jazz, 1955) – live</li> <li>1954: <i><a href="/wiki/California_Concerts" title="California Concerts">California Concerts</a></i> (Pacific Jazz, 1955) – live</li> <li>1954: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Fabulous_Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet_%E2%80%93_Pleyel_Concert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Fabulous Gerry Mulligan Quartet – Pleyel Concert (page does not exist)">The Fabulous Gerry Mulligan Quartet – Pleyel Concert</a></i> (Vogue – 655610 1954) – live</li> <li>1955: <i><a href="/wiki/Presenting_the_Gerry_Mulligan_Sextet" title="Presenting the Gerry Mulligan Sextet">Presenting the Gerry Mulligan Sextet</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/EmArcy_Records" title="EmArcy Records">EmArcy</a>, 1955)</li> <li>1955-56: <i>Profil</i> (Mercury, 1958) – a.k.a. <i>A Profile of Gerry Mulligan</i></li> <li>1956: <i><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_of_Jazz" title="Mainstream of Jazz">Mainstream of Jazz</a></i> (EmArcy, 1956)</li> <li>1956: <i><a href="/wiki/Recorded_in_Boston_at_Storyville" title="Recorded in Boston at Storyville">Recorded in Boston at Storyville</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Bob_Brookmeyer" title="Bob Brookmeyer">Bob Brookmeyer</a> (Pacific Jazz, 1957) – live</li> <li>1957: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Teddy_Wilson_Trio_%26_Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet_with_Bob_Brookmeyer_at_Newport" title="The Teddy Wilson Trio & Gerry Mulligan Quartet with Bob Brookmeyer at Newport">The Teddy Wilson Trio & Gerry Mulligan Quartet with Bob Brookmeyer at Newport</a></i> (Verve, 1957) – live</li> <li>1946–57: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Arranger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Arranger (page does not exist)">The Arranger</a></i> (Columbia, 1977) – reissued as <i>Mullenium</i> (1998) with bonus tracks</li> <li>1957: <i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Giants_%2758" title="Jazz Giants '58">Jazz Giants '58</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Edison" title="Harry Edison">Harry Edison</a> (Verve, 1958) – also issued as <i>Gerry's Time</i> (VSP, 1966)</li> <li>1957: <i><a href="/wiki/Mulligan_Meets_Monk" title="Mulligan Meets Monk">Mulligan Meets Monk</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Riverside_Records" title="Riverside Records">Riverside</a>, 1957)</li> <li>1957: <i><a href="/wiki/Blues_in_Time" title="Blues in Time">Blues in Time</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Desmond" title="Paul Desmond">Paul Desmond</a> (<a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve</a>, 1957) – also released as <i>Gerry Mulligan/Paul Desmond Quartet</i></li> <li>1957: <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Meets_Stan_Getz" title="Gerry Mulligan Meets Stan Getz">Gerry Mulligan Meets Stan Getz</a></i> with Stan Getz (Verve, 1957) – also released as <i>Getz Meets Mulligan in Hi–Fi</i></li> <li>1957: <i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Concerto_Grosso" title="Jazz Concerto Grosso">Jazz Concerto Grosso</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Bob_Brookmeyer" title="Bob Brookmeyer">Bob Brookmeyer</a> (ABC–Paramount, 1958) – play Phil Sunkel</li> <li>1957: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gerry_Mulligan_Songbook" title="The Gerry Mulligan Songbook">The Gerry Mulligan Songbook</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/World_Pacific_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="World Pacific Records">World Pacific</a>, 1958)</li> <li>1957: <i><a href="/wiki/Reunion_with_Chet_Baker" title="Reunion with Chet Baker">Reunion with Chet Baker</a></i> with Chet Baker (World Pacific, 1958)</li> <li>1958: <i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live!_(score)" class="mw-redirect" title="I Want to Live! (score)">I Want to Live!</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mandel" title="Johnny Mandel">Johnny Mandel</a>, et al. (<a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists</a>, 1958) – soundtrack</li> <li>1957–58: <i><a href="/wiki/Annie_Ross_Sings_a_Song_with_Mulligan!" title="Annie Ross Sings a Song with Mulligan!">Annie Ross Sings a Song with Mulligan!</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ross" title="Annie Ross">Annie Ross</a> (World Pacific, 1959)</li> <li>1958–59: <i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_There_to_Say%3F" title="What Is There to Say?">What Is There to Say?</a></i> (Columbia, 1959)</li> <li>1959: <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Meets_Johnny_Hodges" title="Gerry Mulligan Meets Johnny Hodges">Gerry Mulligan Meets Johnny Hodges</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hodges" title="Johnny Hodges">Johnny Hodges</a> (Verve, 1960)</li> <li>1959: <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Meets_Ben_Webster" title="Gerry Mulligan Meets Ben Webster">Gerry Mulligan Meets Ben Webster</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Ben_Webster" title="Ben Webster">Ben Webster</a> (Verve, 1960)</li> <li>1960: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_Jazz_Band" title="The Concert Jazz Band">The Concert Jazz Band</a></i> (Verve, 1960)</li> <li>1960: <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_and_the_Concert_Jazz_Band_on_Tour" title="Gerry Mulligan and the Concert Jazz Band on Tour">Gerry Mulligan and the Concert Jazz Band on Tour</a></i> (Verve, 1962) – live</li> <li>1960: <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_and_the_Concert_Jazz_Band_at_the_Village_Vanguard" title="Gerry Mulligan and the Concert Jazz Band at the Village Vanguard">Gerry Mulligan and the Concert Jazz Band at the Village Vanguard</a></i> (Verve, 1961) – live</li> <li>1961: <i><a href="/wiki/Holliday_with_Mulligan" title="Holliday with Mulligan">Holliday with Mulligan</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a> (<a href="/wiki/DRG_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="DRG Records">DRG</a>, 1980)</li> <li>1961: <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Presents_a_Concert_in_Jazz" title="Gerry Mulligan Presents a Concert in Jazz">Gerry Mulligan Presents a Concert in Jazz</a></i> (Verve, 1961)</li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet_(1962_album)" title="The Gerry Mulligan Quartet (1962 album)">The Gerry Mulligan Quartet</a></i> (Verve, 1962)</li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/Jeru_(album)" title="Jeru (album)">Jeru</a></i> (Columbia, 1962)</li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/Two_of_a_Mind" title="Two of a Mind">Two of a Mind</a></i> with Paul Desmond (<a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a>, 1962)</li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/Spring_Is_Sprung" title="Spring Is Sprung">Spring Is Sprung</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Philips_Records" title="Philips Records">Philips</a>, 1963)</li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_%2763" title="Gerry Mulligan '63">Gerry Mulligan '63</a></i> (Verve, 1963)</li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/Night_Lights_(Gerry_Mulligan_album)" title="Night Lights (Gerry Mulligan album)">Night Lights</a></i> (Philips, 1963)</li> <li>1963–64: <i><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_with_Hiccups" title="Butterfly with Hiccups">Butterfly with Hiccups</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Limelight_Records" title="Limelight Records">Limelight</a>, 1964)</li> <li>1965: <i><a href="/wiki/If_You_Can%27t_Beat_%27Em,_Join_%27Em!" title="If You Can't Beat 'Em, Join 'Em!">If You Can't Beat 'Em, Join 'Em!</a></i> (Limelight, 1965)</li> <li>1965: <i><a href="/wiki/Feelin%27_Good_(Gerry_Mulligan_album)" title="Feelin' Good (Gerry Mulligan album)">Feelin' Good</a></i> (Limelight, 1965)</li> <li>1966: <i><a href="/wiki/Something_Borrowed_-_Something_Blue" title="Something Borrowed - Something Blue">Something Borrowed - Something Blue</a></i> (Limelight, 1966)</li> <li>1968?: <i>Blues Roots</i> with the Dave Brubeck Trio (Columbia, 1968)</li> <li>1970: <i>Live at the Berlin Philharmonie</i> with the Dave Brubeck Trio (Columbia, 1972)[2LP]</li> <li>1971: <i>Age of Steam</i> (A&M, 1972)</li> <li>1974: <i><a href="/wiki/Summit_(album)" title="Summit (album)">Summit</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Astor_Piazzolla" title="Astor Piazzolla">Astor Piazzolla</a> (Erre T.V./Festival, 1974)</li> <li>1974: <i><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall_Concert_(Gerry_Mulligan_and_Chet_Baker_album)" title="Carnegie Hall Concert (Gerry Mulligan and Chet Baker album)">Carnegie Hall Concert</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet Baker</a> (CTI, 1975) – live</li> <li>1975: <i>Gerry Mulligan Meets Enrico Intra</i> with <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Intra" title="Enrico Intra">Enrico Intra</a> (Produttori Associati, 1976)</li> <li>1980: <i><a href="/wiki/Walk_on_the_Water_(album)" title="Walk on the Water (album)">Walk on the Water</a></i> with his orchestra (DRG, 1980)</li> <li>1983?: <i>Little Big Horn</i> (<a href="/wiki/GRP_Records" title="GRP Records">GRP</a>, 1983)</li> <li>1986: <i>Soft Lights and Sweet Music</i> with <a href="/wiki/Scott_Hamilton_(musician)" title="Scott Hamilton (musician)">Scott Hamilton</a> (Concord, 1986)</li> <li>1987: <i>Symphonic Dreams `Entente'</i> with <a href="/wiki/Erich_Kunzel" title="Erich Kunzel">Erich Kunzel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston_Symphony" title="Houston Symphony">Houston Symphony</a> (PAR, 1987) – live</li> <li>1990?: <i>Lonesome Boulevard</i> (A&M, 1990)</li> <li>1992: <i>Re–Birth of the Cool</i> (GRP, 1992)</li> <li>1993: <i>Billy Taylor & Gerry Mulligan: Live at MCG</i> with <a href="/wiki/Billy_Taylor" title="Billy Taylor">Billy Taylor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manchester_Craftsmen%27s_Guild" title="Manchester Craftsmen's Guild">MCG Jazz</a>, 2007) – live</li> <li>1993?: <i>Paraiso Jazz Brazil</i> with Jane Duboc (Telarc Jazz, 1993)</li> <li>1994: Gerry Mulligan Quartet, <i>Dream a Little Dream</i> (Telarc Jazz, 1994)</li> <li>1995: Gerry Mulligan Quartet, <i>Dragonfly</i> (Telarc Jazz, 1995)</li> <li>1995: <i>Midas Touch: Live in Berlin</i> (Concord, 2003) – live</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_sideman">As sideman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: As sideman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></b> </p> <ul><li>1968: <i>Compadres</i> (Columbia, 1968) – live</li> <li>1968?: <i>Blues Roots</i> (Columbia, 1968)</li> <li>1970: <i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Berlin_Philharmonie" title="Live at the Berlin Philharmonie">Live at the Berlin Philharmonie</a></i> (Columbia, 1972) – live</li> <li>1971: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Set_at_Newport" title="The Last Set at Newport">The Last Set at Newport</a></i> (Atlantic, 1972) – live</li> <li>1971: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brubeck/_Mulligan/_Cincinnati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brubeck/ Mulligan/ Cincinnati (page does not exist)">Brubeck/ Mulligan/ Cincinnati</a></i> (MCA, 1971) – live</li> <li>1972: <i><a href="/wiki/We%27re_All_Together_Again_for_the_First_Time" title="We're All Together Again for the First Time">We're All Together Again for the First Time</a></i> (Atlantic, 1973) – live</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a></b> </p> <ul><li>1972: <i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus_and_Friends_in_Concert" title="Charles Mingus and Friends in Concert">Charles Mingus and Friends in Concert</a></i> (Columbia, 1977)</li> <li>1977?: <i>Lionel Hampton Presents Charles Mingus</i> (Who's Who in Jazz, 1977)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Billy_Taylor" title="Billy Taylor">Billy Taylor</a></b> </p> <ul><li>1957: <i><a href="/wiki/My_Fair_Lady_Loves_Jazz" title="My Fair Lady Loves Jazz">My Fair Lady Loves Jazz</a></i>(ABC–Paramount, 1964) – 1 track</li> <li>1993?: <i>Dr. T featuring Gerry Mulligan</i> (GRP, 1993)</li></ul> <p><b>With Others</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Albam" title="Manny Albam">Manny Albam</a>, <i>The Jazz Greats of Our Time Vol. 1</i> (MCA, 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Birth of the Cool">Birth of the Cool</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a>, 1957) – recorded in 1949-50</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a>, <i>Stan Getz Plays Blues</i> (VSP (Verve), 1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a>, <i>Lionel Hampton presents Gerry Mulligan</i> (Who's Who in Jazz, 1977)</li> <li>John Hill, <i>Six Moons Of Jupiter</i> (Finders Keepers, 2009) – recorded in 1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a> et al., <i>At Monterey / 1958</i> (BlackHawk, 1986) – recorded in 1958</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Rock_(film)#Musical_score_and_soundtrack" title="The Hot Rock (film)">The Hot Rock</a></i> (Prophesy, 1972) – recorded in 1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Legrand" title="Michel Legrand">Michel Legrand</a>, <i>Le Jazz Grand</i> (Gryphon, 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/2:00_AM_Paradise_Cafe" title="2:00 AM Paradise Cafe">2:00 AM Paradise Cafe</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista</a>, 1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_McShann" title="Jay McShann">Jay McShann</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Apple_Bash" title="The Big Apple Bash">The Big Apple Bash</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a>, 1979) – recorded in 1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mendes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio Mendes">Sergio Mendes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9" title="Pelé">Pelé</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9_(album)" title="Pelé (album)">Pelé</a></i> (Atlantic, 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carmen_McRae" title="Carmen McRae">Carmen McRae</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Subterraneans_(film)#Musical_score_and_soundtrack" title="The Subterraneans (film)"><i>The Subterraneans</i> (soundtrack)</a> (MGM, 1960) – recorded in 1959-60</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Shearing" title="George Shearing">George Shearing</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Classic_Concert_Live" title="The Classic Concert Live">The Classic Concert Live</a></i> (Concord, 2005) – live recorded in 1982</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_composer">As composer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: As composer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Lawrence" title="Elliot Lawrence">Elliot Lawrence</a> - <i>Elliot Lawrence Band Plays Gerry Mulligan Arrangements</i> (Verve) - track 1, "The Rocker"; track 3, "Happy Hooligan"; track 5, "Bweebida Bwobbida"; track 6, "Mullinium"; track 8, "Apple Core"; track 9, "Elegy for Two Clarinets"; track 10, "The Swinging Door"; track 12, "Mr. President"</li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Gene_Krupa" title="Gene Krupa">Gene Krupa</a> - <i>Gene Krupa</i> (Columbia) - track 5, "Disc Jockey Jump" (1947) (co-written with Gene Krupa)</li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Clarke" title="Kenny Clarke">Kenny Clarke</a>'s Sextet - <i>Plays André Hodeir</i> (Philips) track 6, "Jeru"</li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet Baker</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker_%26_Crew" title="Chet Baker & Crew">Chet Baker & Crew</a></i> - track 4, "Revelation"</li> <li>1958: Carl Stevens - <i>"Skin" And Bones</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury</a>) - track 1, "Walkin' Shoes"</li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Gene_Krupa" title="Gene Krupa">Gene Krupa</a> <i>Plays Gerry Mulligan Arrangements</i> (Verve) - track 1, "Bird House"; track 3, "Mulligan Stew"; track 6, "The Way of all Flesh"; track 8, "Birds of a Feather"</li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet Baker</a> - <i>Sextet & Quartet</i> (Music) (In Milan, Jazzland) - track 4, "Line for Lyons"</li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Brew_Moore" title="Brew Moore">Brew Moore</a> - '"Live In Europe 1961<i> (Sonorama) released in 2015 - track 2, "Apple Core"</i></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a> - <i>"Bird" Is Free</i> (Musidisc) - track 1, "Rocker"</li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Desmond" title="Paul Desmond">Paul Desmond</a> - <i>Live</i> (2 LP with Ed Bickert) (Horizon) "Line For Lyons" (Verve reissue CD bonus track)</li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grusin" title="Dave Grusin">Dave Grusin</a> - <i>Out Of The Shadows</i> (<a href="/wiki/GRP_Records" title="GRP Records">GRP</a>) - track 4, "Five Brothers"</li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gary_Peacock" title="Gary Peacock">Gary Peacock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_DeJohnette" title="Jack DeJohnette">Jack DeJohnette</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Out-of-Towners_(album)" title="The Out-of-Towners (album)">The Out-Of-Towners</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/ECM_Records" title="ECM Records">ECM</a>) - track 5, "Five Brothers"</li> <li>2008: The Dutch Jazz Orchestra - <i>Moon Dreams - Rediscovered Music Of Gil Evans & Gerry Mulligan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Challenge_Records_(1994)" title="Challenge Records (1994)">Challenge</a>) - track 5, "Joost At The Roost"; track 7, "The Major And The Minor"; track 10, "Brew's Tune"</li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Trudy_Kerr" title="Trudy Kerr">Trudy Kerr</a> and Ingrid James - <i>Reunion</i> (Jazzizit) - track 4, "Soft Shoe"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephson (2015), p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephson (2015), p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Josephson89-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Josephson89_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Josephson89_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephson (2015), p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephson (2015), p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephson (2015), p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcDonough1996" class="citation journal cs1">McDonough, John (April 1996). "Goodbye, Jeru". <i>Down Beat</i>. <b>63</b> (4): 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Down+Beat&rft.atitle=Goodbye%2C+Jeru&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1996-04&rft.aulast=McDonough&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatrous1996" class="citation news cs1">Watrous, Peter (January 21, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/21/nyregion/gerry-mulligan-a-baritone-saxophonist-and-cool-school-jazz-pioneerdies-at-68.html">"Gerry Mulligan, a Baritone Saxophonist And 'Cool School' Jazz Pioneer, Dies at 68"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gerry+Mulligan%2C+a+Baritone+Saxophonist+And+%27Cool+School%27+Jazz+Pioneer%2C+Dies+at+68&rft.date=1996-01-21&rft.aulast=Watrous&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F01%2F21%2Fnyregion%2Fgerry-mulligan-a-baritone-saxophonist-and-cool-school-jazz-pioneerdies-at-68.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/html/mulligan/gm-growup.html">"Growing Up -- Jeru: In the Words of Gerry Mulligan, and Oral Autobiography (The Gerry Mulligan Collection at the Library of Congress, Performing Arts Encyclopedia, The Library of Congress)"</a>. <i>Memory.loc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Memory.loc.gov&rft.atitle=Growing+Up+--+Jeru%3A+In+the+Words+of+Gerry+Mulligan%2C+and+Oral+Autobiography+%28The+Gerry+Mulligan+Collection+at+the+Library+of+Congress%2C+Performing+Arts+Encyclopedia%2C+The+Library+of+Congress%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fdiglib%2Fihas%2Fhtml%2Fmulligan%2Fgm-growup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jazzprofiles.blogspot.com/2009/11/robert-gordon-jazz-west-coast-los_12.html">"Jazz Profiles: Robert Gordon – Jazz West Coast: The Los Angeles Jazz Scene of the 1950s – Chapter 4"</a>. Jazzprofiles.blogspot.com. November 12, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jazz+Profiles%3A+Robert+Gordon+%E2%80%93+Jazz+West+Coast%3A+The+Los+Angeles+Jazz+Scene+of+the+1950s+%E2%80%93+Chapter+4&rft.pub=Jazzprofiles.blogspot.com&rft.date=2009-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjazzprofiles.blogspot.com%2F2009%2F11%2Frobert-gordon-jazz-west-coast-los_12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LarkinJazz-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Larkin_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colin Larkin (writer)">Larkin, Colin</a>, ed. (1992). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Popular_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Popular Music">The Guinness Who's Who of Jazz</a></i> (First ed.). <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Publishing">Guinness Publishing</a>. p. 297/8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85112-580-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85112-580-8"><bdi>0-85112-580-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Who%27s+Who+of+Jazz&rft.pages=297%2F8&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Guinness+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-85112-580-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gavin-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gavin_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gavin_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavin2011" class="citation book cs1">Gavin, James (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dm9kOiIEFAwC&pg=PA56"><i>Deep in a Dream: The Long Night of Chet Baker</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Review_Press" title="Chicago Review Press">Chicago Review Press</a>. pp. 56–57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1569767573" title="Special:BookSources/978-1569767573"><bdi>978-1569767573</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deep+in+a+Dream%3A+The+Long+Night+of+Chet+Baker&rft.pages=56-57&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1569767573&rft.aulast=Gavin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddm9kOiIEFAwC%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerryjazzmusician.com/2001/03/jeroen-de-valk-author-of-chet-baker-his-life-and-music/">"Interview: Jeroen de Valk, author of <i>Chet Baker: His Life and Music</i>"</a>. Jerry Jazz Musician. March 29, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Jeroen+de+Valk%2C+author+of+Chet+Baker%3A+His+Life+and+Music&rft.pub=Jerry+Jazz+Musician&rft.date=2001-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerryjazzmusician.com%2F2001%2F03%2Fjeroen-de-valk-author-of-chet-baker-his-life-and-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/html/mulligan/mulligan-home.html">"The Gerry Mulligan Collection"</a>. Memory.loc.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gerry+Mulligan+Collection&rft.pub=Memory.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fdiglib%2Fihas%2Fhtml%2Fmulligan%2Fmulligan-home.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/perform/">"Performing Arts Digital Collections"</a>. Loc.gov. March 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Performing+Arts+Digital+Collections&rft.pub=Loc.gov&rft.date=2011-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fperform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mulligan-gerald-joseph-gerry">"Mulligan, Gerald Joseph ("Gerry")"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Mulligan%2C+Gerald+Joseph+%28%22Gerry%22%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fhumanities%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fmulligan-gerald-joseph-gerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipton2023" class="citation book cs1">Shipton, Alyn (2023). <i>The Gerry Mulligan 1950s Quartets</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0197579756" title="Special:BookSources/978-0197579756"><bdi>978-0197579756</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gerry+Mulligan+1950s+Quartets&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0197579756&rft.aulast=Shipton&rft.aufirst=Alyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephson (2015), p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/03/04/Actress-Sandy-Dennis-dies-at-54/9451699685200/">"Actress Sandy Dennis dies at 54"</a>. <i>UPI</i>. March 4, 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Actress+Sandy+Dennis+dies+at+54&rft.date=1992-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1992%2F03%2F04%2FActress-Sandy-Dennis-dies-at-54%2F9451699685200%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gerrymulligan.com/gerry-mulligan-biography/">"Biography"</a>. <i>Gerry Mulligan.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gerry+Mulligan.com&rft.atitle=Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gerrymulligan.com%2Fgerry-mulligan-biography%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.100010888/">"Dave Grusin, Gerry and Franca Mulligan"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Dave+Grusin%2C+Gerry+and+Franca+Mulligan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2Fihas.100010888%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosephson2015" class="citation book cs1">Josephson, Sanford (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_JVkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT42"><i>Jeru's Journey: The Life & Music of Gerry Mulligan</i></a>. Hal Leonard Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4950-5043-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4950-5043-5"><bdi>978-1-4950-5043-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jeru%27s+Journey%3A+The+Life+%26+Music+of+Gerry+Mulligan&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4950-5043-5&rft.aulast=Josephson&rft.aufirst=Sanford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_JVkCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerry+Mulligan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mulligan, Gerry with Poston, Ken (2022). Being Gerry Mulligan, My Life in Music. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-4930-6482-3.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Mulligan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gerry_Mulligan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gerry Mulligan">Gerry Mulligan</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gerrymulligan.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/gerry-mulligan-mn0000542549">Gerry Mulligan</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/37733-Gerry-Mulligan">Gerry Mulligan</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0612302/">Gerry Mulligan</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li>The online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/collmus.mu000017">Gerry Mulligan Collection</a> and the finding aid to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu011017">The Gerry Mulligan Collection, circa 1940-1994</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jazzbarisax.com">A site with information on Mulligan and all the great Jazz baritone saxophonists</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060627233539/http://www.gerrymulligan.info/">Craig Allan Hanley's repository of Mulligan liner notes, articles and information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cocoon/ihas/html/mulligan/gm-home.html">Excerpts from Mulligan's oral autobiography</a> at the Library of Congress</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/natlib/ihas/warehouse/mulligan/200003721/0001.pdf">An extensive Mulligan discography and record of performances</a> by Gérard Dugelay and Kenneth Hallqvist</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/gerry-mulligan">Gerry Mulligan Interview</a> at <a href="/wiki/NAMM_Oral_History_Program" title="NAMM Oral History Program">NAMM Oral History Collection</a> (1995)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal" aria-labelledby="Gerry_Mulligan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gerry_Mulligan" title="Template:Gerry Mulligan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gerry_Mulligan" title="Template talk:Gerry Mulligan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gerry_Mulligan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gerry Mulligan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gerry_Mulligan" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gerry Mulligan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Years given are for the recording(s), including the soundtrack albums, not first release. Some of the titles have been shortened.</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums<br />as<br />leader<br />or<br />co-leader</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lee_Konitz_Plays_with_the_Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet" title="Lee Konitz Plays with the Gerry Mulligan Quartet">Lee Konitz Plays with the Gerry Mulligan Quartet</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Concert_(Gerry_Mulligan_album)" title="Paris Concert (Gerry Mulligan album)">Paris Concert</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Bob_Brookmeyer" title="Bob Brookmeyer">Bob Brookmeyer</a>, 1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/California_Concerts" title="California Concerts">California Concerts</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Presenting_the_Gerry_Mulligan_Sextet" title="Presenting the Gerry Mulligan Sextet">Presenting the Gerry Mulligan Sextet</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_of_Jazz" title="Mainstream of Jazz">Mainstream of Jazz</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Recorded_in_Boston_at_Storyville" title="Recorded in Boston at Storyville">At Storyville</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Teddy_Wilson_Trio_%26_Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet_with_Bob_Brookmeyer_at_Newport" title="The Teddy Wilson Trio & Gerry Mulligan Quartet with Bob Brookmeyer at Newport">The Teddy Wilson Trio &<br />Gerry Mulligan Quartet with Bob Brookmeyer at Newport</a></i> (split album, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Giants_%2758" title="Jazz Giants '58">Jazz Giants '58</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Edison" title="Harry Edison">Harry Edison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a>, 1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mulligan_Meets_Monk" title="Mulligan Meets Monk">Mulligan Meets Monk</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a>, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blues_in_Time" title="Blues in Time">Blues in Time</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Desmond" title="Paul Desmond">Paul Desmond</a>, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Meets_Stan_Getz" title="Gerry Mulligan Meets Stan Getz">Gerry Mulligan Meets Stan Getz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Concerto_Grosso" title="Jazz Concerto Grosso">Jazz Concerto Grosso</a></i> (with Bob Brookmeyer, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gerry_Mulligan_Songbook" title="The Gerry Mulligan Songbook">The Gerry Mulligan Songbook</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annie_Ross_Sings_a_Song_with_Mulligan!" title="Annie Ross Sings a Song with Mulligan!">Annie Ross Sings a Song with Mulligan!</a></i> (1957–58)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_There_to_Say%3F" title="What Is There to Say?">What Is There to Say?</a></i> (1958–59)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Meets_Johnny_Hodges" title="Gerry Mulligan Meets Johnny Hodges">Meets Johnny Hodges</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Meets_Ben_Webster" title="Gerry Mulligan Meets Ben Webster">Gerry Mulligan Meets Ben Webster</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_Jazz_Band" title="The Concert Jazz Band">The Concert Jazz Band</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_and_the_Concert_Jazz_Band_on_Tour" title="Gerry Mulligan and the Concert Jazz Band on Tour">The Concert Jazz Band on Tour</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_and_the_Concert_Jazz_Band_at_the_Village_Vanguard" title="Gerry Mulligan and the Concert Jazz Band at the Village Vanguard">The Concert Jazz Band at the Village Vanguard</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holliday_with_Mulligan" title="Holliday with Mulligan">Holliday with Mulligan</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a>, 1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Presents_a_Concert_in_Jazz" title="Gerry Mulligan Presents a Concert in Jazz">Presents a Concert in Jazz</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet_(1962_album)" title="The Gerry Mulligan Quartet (1962 album)">The Gerry Mulligan Quartet</a></i> (with Bob Brookmeyer, 1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeru_(album)" title="Jeru (album)">Jeru</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_of_a_Mind" title="Two of a Mind">Two of a Mind</a></i> (with Paul Desmond, 1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spring_Is_Sprung" title="Spring Is Sprung">Spring Is Sprung</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_%2763" title="Gerry Mulligan '63">Gerry Mulligan '63</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_Lights_(Gerry_Mulligan_album)" title="Night Lights (Gerry Mulligan album)">Night Lights</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_with_Hiccups" title="Butterfly with Hiccups">Butterfly with Hiccups</a></i> (1963–64)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/If_You_Can%27t_Beat_%27Em,_Join_%27Em!" title="If You Can't Beat 'Em, Join 'Em!">If You Can't Beat 'Em, Join 'Em!</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feelin%27_Good_(Gerry_Mulligan_album)" title="Feelin' Good (Gerry Mulligan album)">Feelin' Good</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Something_Borrowed_-_Something_Blue" title="Something Borrowed - Something Blue">Something Borrowed - Something Blue</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summit_(album)" title="Summit (album)">Summit</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Astor_Piazzolla" title="Astor Piazzolla">Astor Piazzolla</a>, 1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walk_on_the_Water_(album)" title="Walk on the Water (album)">Walk on the Water</a></i> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With<br /><a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet<br />Baker</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet_Volume_1" title="Gerry Mulligan Quartet Volume 1">Gerry Mulligan Quartet Volume 1</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan_Quartet_Volume_2" title="Gerry Mulligan Quartet Volume 2">Gerry Mulligan Quartet Volume 2</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gene_Norman_Presents_the_Original_Gerry_Mulligan_Tentet_and_Quartet" title="Gene Norman Presents the Original Gerry Mulligan Tentet and Quartet">Gene Norman Presents the<br />Original Gerry Mulligan Tentet and Quartet</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reunion_with_Chet_Baker" title="Reunion with Chet Baker">Reunion</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall_Concert_(Gerry_Mulligan_and_Chet_Baker_album)" title="Carnegie Hall Concert (Gerry Mulligan and Chet Baker album)">Carnegie Hall Concert</a></i> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With<br /><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave<br />Brubeck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Berlin_Philharmonie" title="Live at the Berlin Philharmonie">Live at the Berlin Philharmonie</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Set_at_Newport" title="The Last Set at Newport">The Last Set at Newport</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We%27re_All_Together_Again_for_the_First_Time" title="We're All Together Again for the First Time">We're All Together Again for the First Time</a></i> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With<br />others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Birth of the Cool">Birth of the Cool</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, 1949–50)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2:00_AM_Paradise_Cafe" title="2:00 AM Paradise Cafe">2:00 AM Paradise Cafe</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a>, 1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9_(album)" title="Pelé (album)">Pelé</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_Mendes" title="Sérgio Mendes">Sérgio Mendes</a> & <a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9" title="Pelé">Pelé</a>, 1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus_and_Friends_in_Concert" title="Charles Mingus and Friends in Concert">Charles Mingus and Friends in Concert</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Classic_Concert_Live" title="The Classic Concert Live">The Classic Concert Live</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a> & <a href="/wiki/George_Shearing" title="George Shearing">George Shearing</a>, 1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Jazz" title="The Sound of Jazz">The Sound of Jazz</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live!#Musical_score_and_soundtrack" title="I Want to Live!">I Want to Live!</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Subterraneans_(film)#Musical_score_and_soundtrack" title="The Subterraneans (film)">The Subterraneans</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Rock_(film)#Musical_score_and_soundtrack" title="The Hot Rock (film)">The Hot Rock</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>, 1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156535#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156535#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156535#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081014850">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/22328253">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/102059/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJk93vpTWWc8fWXP9hD8YP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/134469100">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82153045">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138977969">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138977969">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mulligan, Gerry"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV244406">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35320298">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002153728&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX867421">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070533962">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90619109">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000080334&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000226709&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/ljx14kl42grmjzb">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810568334905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007345778305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000197083">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14441095">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09358116?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/68f19808-1f7b-46d4-bd1d-71aaf0f6b267">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/296191">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/332937">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/gerry-mulligan/13421">Grammy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/910559">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd134469100.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/134469100">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/075649977">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66m3d6p">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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