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data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-07/PF4039_2020Jan12-Adelie_Penguins_Hut_Point_Mountains-HR.jpg?VersionId=JUEbMyngGprpkBvxNUd6aEtHiBiS1G6o&itok=e8Bm-8bL" data-caption="Adélie penguins at Hut Point Peninsula in early January. Adélies are the most widespread of all penguins and the most common one in the Ross Sea area." data-credit="Mike Lucibella, National Science Foundation" data-component-id="nsf_theme:hero"> <picture class="hero__media hero__image"> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/hero/s3/2023-07/PF4039_2020Jan12-Adelie_Penguins_Hut_Point_Mountains-HR.jpg.webp?VersionId=VbFM_6ZoNkQZqNeSq68LiTetE1p738wi&itok=BFdAQOEl" media="(min-width: 1204px)" type="image/webp" /> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/hero_medium/s3/2023-07/PF4039_2020Jan12-Adelie_Penguins_Hut_Point_Mountains-HR.jpg.webp?VersionId=0CkYGBOCrRqPGaQNMP4pBqSFwAl8EQVG&itok=fix47FK8" media="(min-width: 580px)" type="image/webp" /> <img class="hero__image-image" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/hero_small/s3/2023-07/PF4039_2020Jan12-Adelie_Penguins_Hut_Point_Mountains-HR.jpg.webp?VersionId=mZqx.LUHi.t9VNwjwT7jtLAWiIL3m5V6&itok=mhBsZypc" alt="Penguins" /> </picture> <span class="hero__overlay"></span> <div class="hero hero--default hero--style-dynamic-image-overlay hero--media-type-image"> <div class="hero__content hero__content--default "> <div class="hero__content-inner"> <div class="hero__meta"> </div> <h1 class="hero__title hero-heading">Arctic and Antarctic</h1> <div class="hero__tagline"> Exploring the planet's vulnerable polar regions. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hero-credit-caption__wrapper"> <div class="hero-credit-caption"> <div class="hero-credit-caption__content"> <span aria-hidden="true"> <div class="icon__camera"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="3.2" fill="#005EA2" /><path d="M9 2L7.17 4H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-3.17L15 2H9zm3 15c-2.76 0-5-2.24-5-5s2.24-5 5-5 5 2.24 5 5-2.24 5-5 5z" fill="#005EA2"/></svg> </div> </span> <div class="hero-credit-caption__text"> <a class="credit__link" href="#image-caption-credit-block" > View image credit & caption</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <section class="usa-section uswds-middle-section"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-fill"> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-nsf-theme-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block block-nsf-theme-breadcrumbs"> <nav aria-label="Breadcrumb" id="system-breadcrumb" class="breadcrumbs"> <ol class="breadcrumbs__list"> <li class="breadcrumbs__item"> <a href="/" class="breadcrumbs__item--url">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs__item"> <a href="/focus-areas" class="breadcrumbs__item--url">Our Focus Areas</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs__item"> <span class="breadcrumbs__item--current" aria-current="page">Arctic and Antarctic</span> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <main class="uswds-main-content-wrapper grid-container not-search-page three-col-layout"> <div class="grid-row"> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <div class="region-content full-width-container tablet:grid-col-12"> <div id="content-article-wrap"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-nsf-theme-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block block-nsf-theme-content"> <article class="node node--type-layout-builder-page node--promoted node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <article class="node text__container node--type-layout-builder-page node--promoted node--view-mode-pre-layout-fields"> <div class="node_view"></div> </article> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--twocol-60-40 full-browser-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="body-1"><p>The dynamic regions of the Arctic and Antarctic are transforming quickly — from vanishing ice shelves to growing threats to native species.</p></div> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><p>We help researchers and educators access the world's polar regions and collaborate with a range of partners, including Indigenous Arctic communities. Together, we seek to untangle the complex relationships between the water, land, atmosphere and life found in these remote regions.</p></div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <section data-component-id="nsf_theme:related-links" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockrelated-links-with-files nsf-component"> <div class="related-links nsf-component related-links--chevron"> <ul class="link-list"> <li class="link-list__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--attachment paragraph--view-mode--ief-table"> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="field field-para-attachment-link"><a href="/funding/opportunities?f%5B0%5D=division%3A123">Find funding for polar research</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--attachment paragraph--view-mode--ief-table"> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="field field-para-attachment-link"><a href="/geo/opp">Office of Polar Programs</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--attachment paragraph--view-mode--ief-table"> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="field field-para-attachment-link"><a href="/geo">Directorate for Geosciences</a></div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="palette palette--light-gray layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--twocol-40-60 full-browser-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--headline"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="body-1"><h2>Arctic research </h2></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="image block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" class="block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" data-media-id="9586" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-07/PF7118_summit_h.jpg?VersionId=5Q61kCUpGYfJ645Zx2H8L7zmpYV.j2nx" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-07/PF7118_summit_h.jpg?VersionId=97ZIgY9hX5OWiQ7XHPx_LbeGY2HKWX.Y&amp;itok=JL1jba1t" data-caption="Science technician Marci Beitch launches a radiosonde in high winds at Summit Station, Greenland, as part of the National Science Foundation-sponsored program, Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state, and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS)." data-credit="August Allen, Polar Field Services"> <div class="image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/2023-07/PF7118_summit_h.jpg.webp?VersionId=4_JimLbQV4oDfdfUFK4DlS8SXnWfXRwb&itok=8AgtiKPf 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp" width="500" height="333"/> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/2023-07/PF7118_summit_h.jpg?VersionId=4_JimLbQV4oDfdfUFK4DlS8SXnWfXRwb&itok=8AgtiKPf 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/jpeg" width="500" height="333"/> <img src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/mobile_full_width/s3/2023-07/PF7118_summit_h.jpg?VersionId=qTzPTK69eDlYKcngetD.WAT_NeLBJrgn&itok=3-9L4UNG" width="622" height="415" alt="Launching a radiosonde at Summit Station, Greenland" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockbutton alignment-left nsf-component"> <a href="/geo/opp/arc" title="Visit the Section for Arctic Sciences" class="link-button usa-button usa-button--outline " > Visit the Section for Arctic Sciences </a> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><p>The vast Arctic — which includes the North Pole and vast swathes of the northern reaches of the United States, Canada, Greenland, Scandinavia and Russia — is one of the most sensitive regions on the planet to climate change.</p> <p>NSF supports researchers, through collaboration with Indigenous people who have lived and subsisted in the region for millennia, to observe sea-ice thickness, animal populations and other natural factors and piece together a holistic view of the Arctic's climate, past and present.</p> <p><strong>Our Arctic stations:</strong></p></div> </section> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-accordion nsf-component usa-accordion js-first-collapsed"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button" aria-controls="item-1l2120391603" aria-expanded="true" > Toolik Field Station </button> </h2><div class="usa-accordion__content text-formatted field field-accordion" id="item-1l2120391603" class="field field-accordion" data-component-id="nsf_theme:accordion-item"> <p><p>Much of what is known about terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the Arctic has emerged from long-term research at Toolik Field Station, located in the northern foothills of Alaska's Brooks Range.</p><p><a href="https://www.uaf.edu/toolik/">Learn more about Toolik Station</a>.</p></p> </div> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button" aria-controls="item-2n1646244820" aria-expanded="true" > NSF Summit Station </button> </h2><div class="usa-accordion__content text-formatted field field-accordion" id="item-2n1646244820" class="field field-accordion" data-component-id="nsf_theme:accordion-item"> <p><p>Located atop 10,000 feet of ice at the peak of the Greenland ice sheet, NSF Summit Station is the home of the Greenland Environmental Observatory, which conducts year-round monitoring of key climate variables, which are crucial for interpreting data from ice cores drilled in the area and elsewhere.</p><p><a href="https://geo-summit.org/">Learn more about NSF Summit Station</a>.</p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--twocol-40-60 full-browser-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--headline"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <h2 id="antarctic-research-8b4" class="text__title">Antarctic research</h2> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="image block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" class="block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" data-media-id="7892" data-is-footer-caption-credit data-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/PF4039_gould-rigid-hull-ship-HR.jpg?VersionId=H.ExdlIMP8fxky_BtSeQENiBeHC6kZn1" data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/2023-04/PF4039_gould-rigid-hull-ship-HR.jpg?VersionId=PbYZAeUY28jOl7mUZpP8c7_hHei4uh3T&amp;itok=hs2RbjfW" data-caption="The research vessel Laurence M. Gould maneuvers through ice-choked waters near Palmer Station off the Antarctic Peninsula." data-credit="Cynthia Spence/National Science Foundation"> <div class="image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/2023-04/PF4039_gould-rigid-hull-ship-HR.jpg.webp?VersionId=jpKr_25k3JiyhVDNnNy5RDORR5AWmMgb&itok=LswwiDyi 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp" width="500" height="333"/> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/2023-04/PF4039_gould-rigid-hull-ship-HR.jpg?VersionId=jpKr_25k3JiyhVDNnNy5RDORR5AWmMgb&itok=LswwiDyi 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/jpeg" width="500" height="333"/> <img src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/mobile_full_width/s3/2023-04/PF4039_gould-rigid-hull-ship-HR.jpg?VersionId=VVw8HJtBbTwLUh0zFnXW49bqzmkgSOz6&itok=CZ27v6r1" width="622" height="415" alt="The research vessel Laurence M. Gould attempts to sail through ice-choked waters near Palmer Station off the Antarctic Peninsula." loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockbutton alignment-left nsf-component"> <a href="/geo/opp/ant" title="Visit the Section for Antarctic Sciences" class="link-button usa-button usa-button--outline " > Visit the Section for Antarctic Sciences </a> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><p>Antarctica, uniquely in the world, is a continent set aside by treaty purely for science. NSF has managed the U.S. science presence across the continent through the U.S. Antarctic Program for more than 60 years.</p> <p>We support scientists performing research on the continent and in the Southern Ocean; manage three year-round stations; operate two research vessels; and, in partnership with the U.S. military and private contractors, provide the logistical support that makes science possible in this harsh environment.</p> <p><strong>Our Antarctic stations:</strong></p></div> </section> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-accordion nsf-component usa-accordion js-first-collapsed"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button" aria-controls="item-1t1806665318" aria-expanded="true" > NSF McMurdo Station </button> </h2><div class="usa-accordion__content text-formatted field field-accordion" id="item-1t1806665318" class="field field-accordion" data-component-id="nsf_theme:accordion-item"> <p><p>The logistics hub of the U.S. Antarctic Program, NSF McMurdo <span>Station </span>hosts scientists investigating atmospheric science, astrophysics and geospace sciences, biology and ecosystems, geology and geophysics, glaciology, geomorphology, ice cores, and ocean and climate systems.</p><p><a href="/geo/opp/ail/mcmurdo-station" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9bf9b745-a9d9-4912-bae9-2e17f2ea2cfd" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="NSF McMurdo Station">Learn more about NSF McMurdo Station</a>.</p></p> </div> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button" aria-controls="item-2o1189938903" aria-expanded="true" > NSF Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station </button> </h2><div class="usa-accordion__content text-formatted field field-accordion" id="item-2o1189938903" class="field field-accordion" data-component-id="nsf_theme:accordion-item"> <p><p>NSF South Pole Station supports complex telescopes, seismic instruments, a massive detector for elusive subatomic particles called neutrinos, an atmospheric observatory and other large-scale scientific experiments.</p><p><a href="/geo/opp/ail/amundson-scott-south-pole-station" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ab03ccc4-e9e1-4262-aecc-acf41429b188" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="NSF Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station">Learn more about the NSF South Pole Station</a>.</p></p> </div> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button" aria-controls="item-3a2137183083" aria-expanded="true" > NSF Palmer Station </button> </h2><div class="usa-accordion__content text-formatted field field-accordion" id="item-3a2137183083" class="field field-accordion" data-component-id="nsf_theme:accordion-item"> <p><p>Located north of the Antarctic Circle, NSF Palmer <span>Station </span>is superbly located for biological studies of birds, seals and other parts of the marine ecosystem. It has a large and extensively equipped laboratory and sea water aquaria.</p><p><a href="/geo/opp/ail/palmer-station" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="645c0640-d222-41ff-88ed-f66e54e3306c" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="NSF Palmer Station">Learn more about NSF Palmer Station</a>.</p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="palette palette--light-gray layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--threecol full-browser-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--headline"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <h2 id="featured-news-21a" class="text__title">Featured news</h2> </section> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blocknsf-news nsf-component nsf-news-latest-news nsf-news--horizontal"> <div class="field field-nsfnews-latest-news"> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blocklatest-news-nsfnews-sciencematters block-views-block-latest-news-nsfnews-sciencematters--2" id="block-views-block-latest-news-nsfnews-sciencematters--2"> <div><!-- network: 0 - Wed, 26 Mar 2025 03:29:32 -0400 --> <div class="view view-latest-news view-id-latest_news view-display-id-nsfnews_sciencematters js-view-dom-id-5d0be31e771f3905a81911f3f4bcc3079c88fc3b32c6e3ba00f795e88cc5bdf2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser " data-component-id="nsf_theme:vertical-news-teaser"> <span class="label-gray vertical-news-teaser__type"> NSF Stories </span> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__image"> <img class="" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/news_teaser/s3/media_hub/AnneGunn_cow_calf.jpg.jpeg?VersionId=4ynQZiQXlfyJWI74LyVxo8Rk_LN5_gPs&itok=vkYRBnts" alt="In the foreground, a brown and white caribou walks through snow from right to left, followed by a smaller, lighter caribou. Behind them, two more caribou stand along the skyline. The ground is snow-covered and small boulders and shrubs are scattered throughout." /> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__content"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2025-01-14T12:39:58-05:00" title="Tuesday, January 14, 2025 - 12:39" class="datetime">January 14, 2025</time> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__headline"> <h3> <a href="/news/migration-memory-how-caribou-adapt-changing-winter"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Migration memory: How caribou adapt to changing winter conditions </span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser " data-component-id="nsf_theme:vertical-news-teaser"> <span class="label-gray vertical-news-teaser__type"> NSF Stories </span> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__image"> <img class="" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/news_teaser/s3/media_hub/20240924_crop-news-hero-GoldenGoose_Preview5.jpg?VersionId=IR4_qc7Q63CwuKXbwES2hYOfRJWpcP30&itok=rCqRZita" alt="a group of 8 people that received awards wearing suits" /> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__content"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2024-10-03T13:44:27-04:00" title="Thursday, October 3, 2024 - 13:44" class="datetime">October 3, 2024</time> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__headline"> <h3> <a href="/news/impact-nsf-research-reflected-2024-golden-goose-winners"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Impact of NSF commitment to basic research reflected in 2024 Golden Goose winners</span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser " data-component-id="nsf_theme:vertical-news-teaser"> <span class="label-gray vertical-news-teaser__type"> NSF Stories </span> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__image"> <img class="" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/news_teaser/s3/media_hub/atlantic_amo_2022109_detail_hero.jpg?VersionId=wtv0tSxuTyHRp_SUbkHHhXmuxkpBezZM&itok=7jOSNWW_" alt="A few times every spring, the skies over the Labrador Sea fill with row after row of long, parallel bands of cumulus clouds. The magnificent organization of these clouds, known as cloud streets, was on full display when this image was acquired on April 19, 2022." /> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__content"> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2024-09-20T10:00:06-04:00" title="Friday, September 20, 2024 - 10:00" class="datetime">September 20, 2024</time> </div> <div class="vertical-news-teaser__headline"> <h3> <a href="/news/atmospheric-rivers-shape-arctic-moisture"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Atmospheric Rivers Shape Arctic Moisture</span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockbutton alignment-center nsf-component"> <a href="/news/releases?f%5B0%5D=science_topics%3AArctic%20%26%20Antarctic" title="Explore Arctic and Antarctic news" class="link-button usa-button usa-button--outline " > Explore Arctic and Antarctic news </a> </div> 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