В Минпромторге курьеров сочли угрозой российской экономике: в чем ошибка

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ru"> <head> <title>В Минпромторге курьеров сочли угрозой российской экономике: в чем ошибка - МК</title> <meta name="title" content="В Минпромторге курьеров сочли угрозой российской экономике: в чем ошибка - МК"/> <meta name="description" content="«Тогда еще не было ни городских телеграфов, ни телефонов, а для спешной передачи приказаний начальства скакали по всем направлениям «сорок тысяч курьеров», написал в 1887 году в рассказе «Человек на часах» публицист Николай Семенович Лесков. Думал ли автор, что спустя 137 лет по улицам отечественных городов будут колесить на электровелосипедах «не менее 1,5 млн здоровых и физически сильных людей», как отозвались о работниках, перевозящих не депеши, а пиццу, в Минпромторге? И думал ли Лесков, человек XIX века, что сама принадлежность к профессии «курьер» вызовет у кого-то неприятие в веке XXI-м?"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Экономика, Кошелек, Свежий МК, Министерство промышленности и торговли РФ, ЖКХ, Россия, Москва, Санкт-Петербург"/> <meta property="og:title" content="В Минпромторге курьеров сочли угрозой российской экономике: в чем ошибка"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mk.ru/economics/2024/12/03/v-minpromtorge-kurerov-sochli-ugrozoy-rossiyskoy-ekonomike-v-chem-oshibka.html"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static.mk.ru/upload/entities/2024/12/03/17/articles/facebookPicture/28/8b/a7/45/2af034ef2d597e65deeffb8199f9b654.jpg"/> <link rel="image_src" href="https://static.mk.ru/upload/entities/2024/12/03/17/articles/facebookPicture/28/8b/a7/45/2af034ef2d597e65deeffb8199f9b654.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"/> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"/> <meta property="og:description" content="«Тогда еще не было ни городских телеграфов, ни телефонов, а для спешной передачи приказаний начальства скакали по всем направлениям «сорок тысяч курьеров», написал в 1887 году в рассказе «Человек на часах» публицист Николай Семенович Лесков. Думал ли автор, что спустя 137 лет по улицам отечественных городов будут колесить на электровелосипедах «не менее 1,5 млн здоровых и физически сильных людей», как отозвались о работниках, перевозящих не депеши, а пиццу, в Минпромторге? И думал ли Лесков, человек XIX века, что сама принадлежность к профессии «курьер» вызовет у кого-то неприятие в веке XXI-м?"/> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta property="twitter:site" content="@mkomsomolets"/> <meta property="twitter:title" content="В Минпромторге курьеров сочли угрозой российской экономике: в чем ошибка"/> <meta property="twitter:description" content="«Тогда еще не было ни городских телеграфов, ни телефонов, а для спешной передачи приказаний начальства скакали по всем направлениям «сорок тысяч курьеров», написал в 1887 году в рассказе «Человек на часах» публицист Николай Семенович Лесков. Думал ли автор, что спустя 137 лет по улицам отечественных городов будут колесить на электровелосипедах «не менее 1,5 млн здоровых и физически сильных людей», как отозвались о работниках, перевозящих не депеши, а пиццу, в Минпромторге? И думал ли Лесков, человек XIX века, что сама принадлежность к профессии «курьер» вызовет у кого-то неприятие в веке XXI-м?"/> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://static.mk.ru/upload/entities/2024/12/03/17/articles/facebookPicture/28/8b/a7/45/2af034ef2d597e65deeffb8199f9b654.jpg"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1621864364771340"> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.mk.ru/amp/economics/2024/12/03/v-minpromtorge-kurerov-sochli-ugrozoy-rossiyskoy-ekonomike-v-chem-oshibka.html"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.mk.ru/economics/2024/12/03/v-minpromtorge-kurerov-sochli-ugrozoy-rossiyskoy-ekonomike-v-chem-oshibka.html"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1" /> <link rel="preload" href="/media/mkru2020/fonts/ptserif-regular.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="preload" 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<header class="article__header"> <aside class="article__tools"> <form class="article-tool" hidden> <label class="article-tool__label"> <input type="checkbox" class="article-tool__item article-tool__item_sound visually-hidden" aria-label="Прочитать статью" disabled> <svg class="article-tool__icon" width="24" height="24"><use xlink:href="#icon-sound"></use></svg> </label> </form> <div class="article-tool article-tool_font-size"> <button type="button" class="article-tool__button js-font-size-increase" aria-label="Увеличить шрифт">+</button> <button type="button" class="article-tool__button article-tool__button_bold js-font-size-reset" aria-label="Вернуть изначальный размер шрифта">A</button> <button type="button" class="article-tool__button js-font-size-reduce" aria-label="Уменьшить шрифт">-</button> </div> </aside> <h1 class="article__title" itemprop="headline">В Минпромторге курьеров сочли угрозой российской экономике: в чем ошибка</h1> <p class="article__subtitle">Профессор Зубец: «Современные тенденции на рынке труда невозможно сломать»</p> </header> <div class="article__share-top"> <div class="article__share share share_no-init"> <span class="share__text">Поделиться</span> <ul class="share__list"> <li class="share__item"> <a class="share__link share__link_vk" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-mod="vk" aria-label="Вконтакте"> <svg class="share__icon" width="22" height="22"><use xlink:href="#icon-vk"></use></svg> </a> </li> <li class="share__item"> <a class="share__link share__link_ok" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-mod="ok" aria-label="в Одноклассниках"> <svg class="share__icon" width="22" height="22"><use xlink:href="#icon-ok"></use></svg> </a> </li> <li class="share__item"> <a class="share__link share__link_tg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-mod="tg" aria-label="в Telegram"> <svg class="share__icon" width="22" height="22"><use xlink:href="#icon-tg"></use></svg> </a> </li> <li class="share__item"> <a class="share__link 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Думал ли автор, что спустя 137 лет по улицам отечественных городов будут колесить на электровелосипедах «не менее 1,5 млн здоровых и физически сильных людей», как отозвались о работниках, перевозящих не депеши, а пиццу, в Минпромторге? И думал ли Лесков, человек XIX века, что сама принадлежность к профессии «курьер» вызовет у кого-то неприятие в веке XXI-м?</p> </div> <figure class="article__picture-group" itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <picture class="article__picture"> <img class="article__picture-image" src="https://static.mk.ru/upload/entities/2024/12/03/17/articles/detailPicture/a7/9e/a9/e6/32b31a71392c3306a0b566ae2b659e6b.jpg" alt="Профессор Зубец: «Современные тенденции на рынке труда невозможно сломать»" itemprop="url contentUrl"> </picture> <figcaption class="article__picture-caption"> <span class="article__picture-author" itemprop="author">Фото: Наталия Губернаторова</span> <span itemprop="width" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue"> <meta itemprop="name" content="720"> </span> <span itemprop="height" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue"> <meta itemprop="name" content="480"> </span> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="article__body" itemprop="articleBody"> <p>Популярность сервисов доставки создает для экономики серьезные проблемы, заявил директор департамента развития внутренней торговли Минпромторга Никита Кузнецов. По его словам, сегодня в России работают не менее полутора миллионов одних только курьеров, а также около полумиллиона упаковщиков, сборщиков заказов и других сотрудников. Все вместе они уже отучили «значительную часть потребителей... от банального навыка просто ходить по магазинам». При этом сами сервисы убыточны, и их работа поддерживается за счет иных ресурсов.</p> <p>«Например, производство – сейчас идеальные условия были бы, если бы не определенные банковские вещи — для роста экономики, но не хватает трудовых ресурсов, – рассуждает чиновник. – И непроизводительный, да еще и убыточный сегмент, дотируемый кем-то, он оттягивает эти трудовые ресурсы, ухудшая экономическое положение рентабельных сегментов... Может ли экономика наша себе это позволить?»</p> <p>Кузнецов абсолютно прав, когда говорит о дефиците кадров как о ключевой проблеме в промышленности и торговле. «Богатство формируется где? Как известно из экономики – в промышленности», – и к этим его словам трудно придраться. А вот дальше, как представляется, в его логике происходит сбой, реалии упрощаются, понятия подменяются, причинно-следственные связи нарушаются. «Как может быть, если курьер получает в Москве 120–150 тысяч рублей? Это больше, чем университетский профессор!» – у этого тезиса масса уязвимостей. </p> <figure class="article__picture-group" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <picture class="article__picture"> <img class="article__picture-image" src="https://static.mk.ru/upload/entities/2024/12/03/19/articlesImages/image/a1/45/23/38/c8006369cae6a64f0426342789bcd8b3.jpg" alt="" itemprop="url contentUrl"> </picture> <figcaption class="article__picture-caption"> <span class="article__picture-author" itemprop="author">Фото: Наталия Губернаторова</span> <span itemprop="width" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue"> <meta itemprop="name" content="739"> </span> <span itemprop="height" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue"> <meta itemprop="name" content="539"> </span> </figcaption> </figure> <p>В их числе – и естественные растущие запросы рынка, и отмирание старых, офлайновых форматов сетевой торговли, причем как в продовольственном, так и в непродовольственном сегменте, и всё большая сосредоточенность служб доставки в крупнейших городах, и то обстоятельство, что в курьеры идут в основном люди низкоквалифицированные. К станку их не поставишь, сложным вещам быстро не обучишь, зато (в отличие от университетских профессоров) они приучены к тяжелому, изматывающему, многочасовому физическому труду. И не вина курьеров в том, что им много платят, а обладателям других специальностей платят меньше.</p> <p>С рабочей силой в экономике беда, для россиян это давно не секрет. В 2024 году на недостаток квалифицированных специалистов пожаловались 47% руководителей промышленных предприятий, опрошенных лабораторией конъюнктурных опросов Института экономической политики им. Гайдара (ИЭП). Уровень кадрового голода установил новый рекорд за всю историю опросов с 1996 года. По словам исполнительного директора Гильдии управляющих компаний в ЖКХ Веры Москвиной, число дворников уменьшилось наполовину, поскольку трудовые мигранты подаются в курьеры, у которых зарплата больше, а работа легче. Страдает и турбизнес: в среднем персонал на стойке регистрации отелей получает около 37 тысяч рублей в месяц, тогда как средняя зарплата доставщиков на маркетплейсах – 100–110 тысяч. В текущем году она выросла еще на 33% относительно 2022 года.</p> <p>Вместе с тем есть важные нюансы, которые, судя по демаршу Никиты Кузнецова, остаются незамеченными в высоких ведомственных кабинетах. Например, не все курьеры поголовно получают ежемесячно свыше сотни тысяч. На самом деле цифра в вакансии далеко не всегда равняется реальным доходам конкретного человека. Жалованье доставщика, как правило, почасовое и складывается из множества факторов по сложным формулам. Нельзя забывать и о штрафах, о холодном расчете работодателя, предусматривающего челночную активность по 14-16 часов в сутки почти без выходных. На уровень заработка влияет и форма занятости: она может быть частичная, сменная и полная.</p> <figure class="article__picture-group" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <picture class="article__picture"> <img class="article__picture-image" src="https://static.mk.ru/upload/entities/2024/12/03/19/articlesImages/image/5f/de/21/ec/ea1533f2704dc8011d5fc9c2528b5dd5.jpg" alt="" itemprop="url contentUrl"> </picture> <figcaption class="article__picture-caption"> <span class="article__picture-author" itemprop="author">Фото: Наталия Губернаторова</span> <span itemprop="width" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue"> <meta itemprop="name" content="739"> </span> <span itemprop="height" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue"> <meta itemprop="name" content="539"> </span> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Отдельная тема – оперативность выполнения заказов. Скажем, пеший курьер в час физически не успеет разнести их больше двух-трех, тогда как доступ к автомобилю и велосипеду позволяет сделать 4-5 «ходок». Велокурьеры зарабатывают на 35% больше пеших, имея приоритет в получении самых дорогих заказов. Правда, они не могут работать круглогодично из-за обилия снега и гололедицы. В среднем сегодня курьер доставляет по 20 заказов ежедневно. Средний возраст работников – от 18 до 36 лет, 89% – мужчины. Что касается гражданской принадлежности, в целом по стране больше половины (56%) имеют паспорта РФ. В городах-миллионниках картина принципиально иная: в Москве и Санкт-Петербурге россиянами являются не более 20% сотрудников служб доставки, остальные – трудовые мигранты. Ситуация обусловлена меньшими доходами и, соответственно, более высокой потребностью в дополнительном заработке жителей регионов, малых и средних городов.</p> <p>Кстати, вспоминаются «лихие» 1990-е годы, когда сотни тысяч здоровых, физически крепких мужчин шли устраиваться на работу в частные охранные предприятия – ЧОПы. Они ведь тоже ничего не производили, никого не учили и не лечили. Просто шли туда, где были спрос и деньги, позволявшие прокормить семью. Да и сегодня в России работает – с лицензией и без – около 1,5 млн всевозможных консьержей, сторожей и контролеров, людей, охраняющих банки, парки, магазины, рынки, школы, детские сады, больницы, автостоянки, метро, ночные клубы.</p> <figure class="article__picture-group" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <picture class="article__picture"> <img class="article__picture-image" src="https://static.mk.ru/upload/entities/2024/12/03/19/articlesImages/image/8a/76/24/f1/fecbe9bde5f808df34d1cca330cc8577.jpg" alt="" itemprop="url contentUrl"> </picture> <figcaption class="article__picture-caption"> <span class="article__picture-author" itemprop="author">Фото: Наталия Губернаторова</span> <span itemprop="width" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue"> <meta itemprop="name" content="739"> </span> <span itemprop="height" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue"> <meta itemprop="name" content="539"> </span> </figcaption> </figure> <p>«Курьер, развозящий пиццу, – это не инженер, способный производить оборудование, – говорит директор Центра исследований социальной экономики Алексей Зубец. – Чтобы стоять у станка на военном заводе, надо учиться минимум два года. Чиновники подразумевают взаимозаменяемость секторов – в этом их главная ошибка. Проблему надо рассматривать целиком, в совокупности всех обстоятельств: если сегодня в экономике 1,5 млн курьеров, значит, откуда-то эти люди пришли. Откуда, из каких сегментов рынка труда, сколько там платят? Вот это надо понять, а не отделять курьеров от общей ситуации в ритейле. Курьеры небесполезны, поскольку они являются частью современных тенденций, сломать которые невозможно».</p> <p>Прежде всего это отход от классических дорогостоящих форматов розничной торговли – с их огромными продуктовыми маркетами, с неизменной выкладкой товаров на полки и необходимостью поддерживать всю эту систему финансово и технически. Курьеры – это прямая экономия, поскольку позволяют сократить и персонал, и торговые площади. Кроме того, рассуждает Зубец, эти люди доставляют не только еду, но и документы, а также мелкие партии оптового товара. А если на автомобиле – то и крупногабаритные вещи. Что касается замечания насчет зарплаты в 120–150 тысяч, она достается нелегко: приходится носиться на велосипеде по пешеходным дорожкам по 12 часов в день, с риском для здоровья, опасаясь случайно сбить прохожего или навернуться на полной скорости на асфальт. Университетский профессор, даже получая в два раза меньше денег, никогда не согласится на такую работу, прекрасно понимая, что не выдержит.</p> <script> window.MKInreadsInArticle = [ "\n\n\n\n\n<div id=\"adfox_159404172309455056\" style=\"margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; position: relative; z-index: 0;\"><\/div>\n<script>\nwindow.yaContextCb.push(()=>{\n Ya.adfoxCode.create({\n ownerId: 353925,\n containerId: 'adfox_159404172309455056',\n params: {\n pp: 'g',\n ps: 'edud',\n p2: 'gwjv',\n puid1: '',\n puid2: ''\n }\n })\n})\n<\/script>" , "\n\n\n\n\n<div id=\"adfox_159421342775392767\" style=\"position: relative; z-index: 0; margin:0 auto; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<script>\nwindow.yaContextCb.push(()=>{\n Ya.adfoxCode.createAdaptive({\n ownerId: 353925,\n containerId: 'adfox_159421342775392767',\n params: Object.assign({\n pp: 'g',\n ps: 'edud',\n p2: 'gwju',\n\t\t\t}, \n\t\t\twindow.puids || {})\n }, ['desktop'], {\n tabletWidth: 599,\n phoneWidth: 335,\n isAutoReloads: 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