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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Major elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Current market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_between_OPACs_and_library_portals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_between_OPACs_and_library_portals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Relationship between OPACs and library portals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_between_OPACs_and_library_portals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>A <b>library portal</b> is an interface to access <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a> resources and services through a single access and management point for users: for example, by combining the circulation and catalog functions of an <a href="/wiki/Integrated_library_system" title="Integrated library system">integrated library system</a> (ILS) with additional tools and facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1044870489">@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .tocright{display:none}.mw-parser-output .tocright{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocright{float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-none{clear:none}}</style><div class="tocright"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_portal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A library portal is defined as "a combination of software components that unify the user experience of discovering and accessing information" in contrast to a "single technology" to provide "services that support discovery, access and effective use of information."<sup id="cite_ref-MaloneyBracke_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaloneyBracke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_elements">Major elements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_portal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the basic functions of access to the <a href="/wiki/Library_catalog" title="Library catalog">library catalog</a>, and a user's subscription records, significant elements of a library portal normally include: </p> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Metasearch" class="mw-redirect" title="Metasearch">Metasearching</a> tools, browsable interfaces, and online reference help", which aid in the discovery process<sup id="cite_ref-MaloneyBracke_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaloneyBracke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Links to full-text articles, <a href="/wiki/OpenURL" title="OpenURL">OpenURL</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlibrary_loan" title="Interlibrary loan">Interlibrary loan</a> (ILL) or document delivery, for material the library does not own</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_management_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Citation management software">Citation management software</a>, user preferences services, "knowledge management tools"</li></ul> <p>More recently, the focus has been on the discovery goal, which has led to even more difficulties in defining a library portal. The terms "<a href="/wiki/Discovery_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery tools">discovery tools</a>", "discovery services", "next-generation discovery tool", and "next-generation <a href="/wiki/OPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="OPAC">OPAC</a>" are often used interchangeably. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_market">Current market</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_portal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The focus on discovery tools has led to increased competitors in the discovery services market; the competitors that existed in the library portal market have also shifted their focus to this particular function. </p><p>A list of competitors in the current library portal market who have recently been awarded contracts by various libraries for their entire portal include  : </p> <ul><li>Axiell Arena: contract with The University of Gävle <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Axiell Calm: contract with Denmark's Roskilde Libraries for archive management <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BIBIS Library Portal: contract with ROC Mondriaan in The Hague <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the library of the central bank of the Netherlands, the library of Provincie Zuid-Holland in South Holland, and at Dutch law firm Ploum Lodder Princen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ExLibris Primo: contract with Hesburgh Libraries of Notre Dame. <i>Library Technology</i> refers to this "discovery and delivery solution" as a "library portal".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetaLib" title="MetaLib">MetaLib</a> Library Portal, ExLibris: contract with NASA's <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>By contrast, the following list highlights contracts signed by libraries for specific discovery service tools, mostly at more recent dates </p> <ul><li>EOS.Web OPAC Discovery, EOS International: while it is unclear which of EOS services were purchased by their clients, the benefits to the EOS.Web OPAC Discovery grew significantly recently when EOS International signed an ILL agreement with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Law_Institute" title="New York Law Institute">New York Law Institute</a>, which will allow EOS clients to easily request NYLI union catalog items from their EOS.Web OPAC". EOS International's press releases do not specify which service was purchased but only mention the names of new clients.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Summon, <a href="/wiki/Serials_Solutions" title="Serials Solutions">Serials Solutions</a>: contract with <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> Libraries,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">University of Connecticut</a> Libraries,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Chicago">University of Illinois at Chicago</a> Library,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/California_State_University_System" class="mw-redirect" title="California State University System">California State University System</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracuse University Library">Syracuse University Library</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a> Library,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a> Libraries,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt_University" title="Helmut Schmidt University">Helmut Schmidt University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Free_State" title="University of the Free State">University of the Free State</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> Library,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> Library,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kyushu_University" title="Kyushu University">Kyushu University</a> Library<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ex Libris Primo and SFX OpenURL: contract with Online Dakota Information Network (Library Technology, March 27, 2012); <a href="/wiki/Silesian_University_of_Technology" title="Silesian University of Technology">Silesian University of Technology</a>, Poland;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>EBSCO Discovery Service: contract with <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_University" title="Seton Hall University">Seton Hall University</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Massey_University" title="Massey University">Massey University</a> Library, New Zealand;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw University">Warsaw University</a>, Poland;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld_University" title="Bielefeld University">Bielefeld University</a>, Germany;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Challenges">Challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_portal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When building a portal for a library, one of the challenges discussed by Morgan is communication: the building of a portal requires consensus with regards to what should be included.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another challenge is ensuring a user-centered design for the portal. This involves conducting surveys, focus group interviews, and usability studies – all of which can be seen as time-consuming.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, compatibility with the hosting institution is critical.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the question of whether a library should go with <a href="/wiki/Open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source software">open source software</a> or commercial products is always a point of contention. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_portal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are no accepted standards for library portals.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only standards in the literature are the more general search and retrieval standards, including <a href="/wiki/Z39.50" title="Z39.50">Z39.50</a> and ZING (Z39.50-International: Next Generation), the <a href="/wiki/Open_Archives_Initiative_Protocol_for_Metadata_Harvesting" title="Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting">Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/OpenURL" title="OpenURL">OpenURL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MaloneyBracke_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaloneyBracke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the lack of standards, and since customization is required in a library portal, individual institutions decide what they expect their portal to look like, and what services it will provide. For example, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> is currently conducting a library portal project, which will begin implementation during the summer of 2012. They have identified their own list of criteria,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which naturally differs substantially from the needs of other institutions. The various general areas that the committee has looked at include: content, user experience, features and capabilities, infrastructure and security, and search and discovery. It is uncertain which areas will be selected as part of the Phase I implementation of the portal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_between_OPACs_and_library_portals">Relationship between OPACs and library portals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_portal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relationship between OPACs and library portals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Online_public_access_catalog" title="Online public access catalog">online public access catalog</a> (OPAC) is a basic module, part of the library's <a href="/wiki/Integrated_library_system" title="Integrated library system">integrated library system</a>. Earlier, the OPAC has been limited to searching physical texts, and sometimes digital copies but has only limited special features. Caplan argues that they are in process of replacement by newer "discovery tools" allowing more customization.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yang and Hofmann suggest that vendors see money in building either separate discovery tools or Next-Generation OPACs to be purchased as an add-on feature.<sup id="cite_ref-YangHofmann_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YangHofmann-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A problem with vocabulary arises here. Yang and Wagner (2010, in Yang and Hofmann, 2011) refer to discovery tools by many names, including "stand-alone OPAC, <a href="/wiki/Discovery_layer" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery layer">discovery layer</a>, and next-generation catalog [sic.]"<sup id="cite_ref-YangHofmann_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YangHofmann-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contrasts Bair, Boston, and Garrison, who differentiate between next-generation catalogues and web-scale discovery services.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite any confusion, it is clear that the OPAC as it currently stands is outdated, and will be replaced by more modern, user-friendly tools. The next-generation OPAC as described by Yang and Hofmann will ideally have the following 12 features (although not all features are currently available in any single discovery product):<sup id="cite_ref-YangHofmann_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YangHofmann-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Single point of entry for all library resources</li> <li>State-of-the-art <a href="/wiki/Web_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Web interface">web interface</a></li> <li>Enriched content</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faceted_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Faceted navigation">Faceted navigation</a></li> <li>Simple keyword search box with a link to advanced search on every page</li> <li>Relevancy ranking</li> <li>Spell-checking</li> <li>Recommendations/related materials</li> <li>User contribution</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a> feeds</li> <li>Integration with social networking sites</li> <li>Persistent links</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_portal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital information">Digital information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Library science">Library science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_portal" title="Web portal">Web portal</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_portal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMichalak2005" class="citation book cs1">Michalak, Sarah, ed. (2005). <i>Portals and Libraries</i>. Binghamton, NY: <a href="/wiki/Haworth_Press" title="Haworth Press">Haworth Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0789029316" title="Special:BookSources/0789029316"><bdi>0789029316</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57564758">57564758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portals+and+Libraries&rft.place=Binghamton%2C+NY&rft.pub=Haworth+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57564758&rft.isbn=0789029316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibrary+portal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaloneyBracke-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaloneyBracke_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaloneyBracke_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaloneyBracke_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaloneyBracke2005" class="citation journal cs1">Maloney, K; Bracke, P.J. (2005). "Library portal technologies". <i>Journal of Library Administration</i>. <b>43</b> (1–2): 87–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1300%2FJ111v43n01_07">10.1300/J111v43n01_07</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57092745">57092745</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Library+Administration&rft.atitle=Library+portal+technologies&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=87-112&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1300%2FJ111v43n01_07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57092745%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Maloney&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Bracke%2C+P.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibrary+portal" 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