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Investopedia - Sharper Insight. Smarter Investing. | Investopedia
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} catch (e) {} }); targetingComplete("ox"); } for (var i=0; i<scriptInfos.length; i++) { attachScriptAsync(scriptInfos[i]); } setTimeout(function() { targetingComplete("fallback"); }, 2000); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var AFTopLeaderboard = null; var AFRightMulti = null; var AF_Right_Multi_Mapping; </script> <!-- DFP head --> <script> var hasFlash = (function() { try { if (typeof navigator.plugins != "undefined" && typeof navigator.plugins["Shockwave Flash"] == "object") { return true; } else if (typeof window.ActiveXObject != "undefined") { new ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash"); return true; } } catch (e) { } return false; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var noDfp = false; </script> <script data-id="script_dfp" type="text/javascript"> function GetRequest() { var url = location.search; //get query string var theRequest = new Object(); if (url.indexOf("?") != -1) { var str = url.substr(1); var strs = str.split("&"); for(var i = 0; i < strs.length; i ++) { theRequest[strs[i].split("=")[0]]=unescape(strs[i].split("=")[1]); } } return theRequest; } /** * set utm_source , utm_medium , utm_campaign , utm_content , utm_term value. */ var requestObject = GetRequest(); var utm_source = typeof requestObject['utm_source'] == 'undefined' ? '' : requestObject['utm_source'], utm_medium = typeof requestObject['utm_medium'] == 'undefined' ? '' : requestObject['utm_medium'], utm_campaign = typeof requestObject['utm_campaign'] == 'undefined' ? '' : requestObject['utm_campaign'], utm_content = typeof requestObject['utm_content'] == 'undefined' ? '' : requestObject['utm_content'], utm_term = typeof requestObject['utm_term'] == 'undefined' ? '' : requestObject['utm_term']; function getDfpReferrerHost() { var ref = document.referrer; if ((ref == null) || (ref.length == 0)) return 'Direct'; ref = ref.toLowerCase(); if (ref.indexOf('http://') == 0) ref = ref.substring(7); if (ref.indexOf('https://') == 0) ref = ref.substring(8); if (ref.indexOf('/') >= 0) ref = ref.substring(0, ref.indexOf('/')); return ref; } function getDfpReferrerSearch() { var refHost = getDfpReferrerHost(); if (refHost.indexOf('.google.') >= 0) return 'True'; if (refHost.indexOf('.bing.') >= 0) return 'True'; if (refHost.indexOf('.yahoo.') >= 0) return 'True'; if (refHost.indexOf('.ask.') >= 0) return 'True'; if (refHost.indexOf('.aol.') >= 0) return 'True'; return 'False'; } function trackUniqid(){ var uid = new Date().getTime().toString(16); return uid + Math.random().toString().slice(-8) + Math.random().toString().slice(-8) + Math.floor((1 + Math.random()) * Math.pow(16, (16 - uid.length))).toString(16).slice(1); } var biPageViewID = trackUniqid(); var trafficSourceParam = getUrlParam('source') || getCookie('d_src'); // bugzilla #351848 - Custom Target for DFP : Browser Height Detection function getScreenHeight() { if(isNaN(window.innerHeight)){ return 0; } else { var _screen = window.innerHeight; if (_screen < 250) { _screen = 200; } if (_screen >= 1950) { _screen = 2000; } _screen = Math.round(_screen/100)*100; return _screen; } } var h = getScreenHeight(); var dfp_spv = parseInt(getCookie('dfp_spv') || 0) + 1; setCookie('dfp_spv', dfp_spv); simpUrl = "&t="; targetingList = { 'd_pv': biPageViewID, 'requestSource': "GPT", 'infiniteScroll': 'false', 'BrowserHeight': String(h), 'Type': 'Homepage', 'URL': '/', 'Environment': 'Live', 'ReferrerHost': getDfpReferrerHost(), 'ReferrerSearch': getDfpReferrerSearch(), 'hasFlash': hasFlash ? 'True' : 'False', //Level1Adunit to Level3Adunit start 'Level1Adunit': 'INV-NA', 'Level2Adunit': 'Investing', 'Level3Adunit': 'Investing', 'spv': dfp_spv.toString(), 'rpv':(Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1).toString(), 'page_url': 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160712213105/http://www.investopedia.com/?d_pv=' + biPageViewID, //output audience segments Bugzilla# 351853 'GUID' : typeof pageviewID !== "undefined" ? pageviewID : '0' } if(getUrlParam('adtest')) { targetingList.adtest = getUrlParam('adtest').toString(); } //UTM Start if ((trafficSourceParam != null) && (trafficSourceParam != '')) { targetingList.d_src = trafficSourceParam; } if (utm_source) { targetingList.utm_source = utm_source; } if (utm_medium) { targetingList.utm_medium = utm_medium; } if (utm_campaign) { targetingList.utm_campaign = utm_campaign; } if (utm_content) { targetingList.utm_content = utm_content; } if (utm_term) { targetingList.utm_term = utm_term; } //UTM End if ((typeof sem_pageview !== 'undefined') && (sem_pageview == true) && (typeof sem_ocode !== 'undefined')) { targetingList.ocode = sem_ocode; } for(targets in targetingList) { if (isVideoOnPage) { simpUrl += encodeURIComponent(encodeURIComponent(targets)) + encodeURIComponent("=") + encodeURIComponent(encodeURIComponent(targetingList[targets])) + encodeURIComponent("&"); } } simpUrl = "&t=" + encodeURIComponent(simpUrl); googletag.cmd.push(function() { // defineSlot // Reference: INV-249 AFRightMulti = googletag.defineSlot('/8397/INV-NA/Investing/Investing/AF-Right-Rectangle/Homepage', [300, 250], 'AdSlot_AF-Right-Rectangle') .setTargeting("Location", "AF-Right-Rectangle") .setTargeting("pos", "top") .addService(googletag.pubads()); AFRightMulti.isCompanion = false; // Reference: INV-249 invGCookie.countryMap = { "FR" : true, "DE" : true, "IE" : true, "IT" : true, "NL" : true, "NO" : true, "ZA" : true, "ES" : true, "SE" : true, "CH" : true, "GB" : true }; if ( invGCookie.geoIsInCountryMap() ) { if(!noDfp) { googletag.defineSlot('/8397/INV-NA/Investing/Investing/AF-Top-Button/Homepage', [120, 50], 'AdSlot_AF-Top-Button') .setTargeting("Location", "AF-Top-Button") .addService(googletag.pubads()); 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0.0.0.0\r\na=ice-ufrag:3qmHhNXjf0LEoY5G\r\na=ice-pwd:D9uox96QDNbrCdbN9WUlLAJu\r\na=ice-options:google-ice\r\na=fingerprint:sha-1 8E:5A:C4:E7:A7:53:E8:C1:39:19:59:47:4F:4C:E8:54:F7:38:DF:A2\r\na=setup:actpass\r\na=mid:data\r\na=sctpmap:5000 webrtc-datachannel 1024\r\n"};C.info("SETTING HARD CODED offer data : "+e.sdp);var n=new m(e);this.peerConnection.setRemoteDescription(n,c.bind(this),this.handleError),c.bind(this)}function c(){this.peerConnection.createAnswer(d.bind(this),this.handleError),this.iceCandidateStartTime=performance.now()}function d(e){this.answer=e,this.peerConnection.setLocalDescription(new m(e),u.bind(this),this.handleError),this.localDescriptionSet=!0,l.call(this)}function l(){!this.sentDataToTurn&&this.remoteCandidateReceived&&this.localCandidateReceived&&this.localDescriptionSet&&(C.debug("sending data to TURN"),p.call(this),this.sentDataToTurn=!0)}function u(){C.info("Sending answer"),this.addTimingEvent("setLocalDesc",performance.now()-this.estConnectionStart)}function p(){this.triggerEvent("receivedicecandidates");var e=performance.now();C.info("TIMING:ice_candidates "+(e-this.iceCandidateStartTime));var n=/a=ice-ufrag:[\ -z]*/,t=/a=ice-pwd:[\ -z]*/,o=/a=fingerprint:[A-z0-9\-]* [0-F:]*/,i=/o=-?\S* [0-9]+ [0-9] IN IP4 [0-9\.]+/,r=performance.now();C.info("Before matching regexes"+(r-this.estConnectionStart)),C.info(this.answer.sdp);var a=this.answer.sdp.match(n),s=this.answer.sdp.match(t),c=this.answer.sdp.match(o),d=this.answer.sdp.match(i);C.info("UFRAG:"+a),C.info("PWD:"+s),C.info("FINGERPRINT:"+c),C.info("O=:"+d);var l=[this.localCandidates];l.push(a[0]),l.push(s[0]),l.push(c[0]),l.push(d[0]);var u=new Uint8Array(8);window.crypto.getRandomValues(u);var p=String.fromCharCode.apply(null,u);l.push(p),l.push(this.nodePeerIp),l.push(this.nodePeerPort),this.triggerEvent("preparedjson",l);var h=performance.now();C.info("After matching regexes"+(h-this.estConnectionStart));var v=performance.now();C.info("Before jsonifying candidates"+(v-this.estConnectionStart));var g=JSON.stringify(l),w=performance.now();C.info("After jsonifying candidates"+(w-this.estConnectionStart)),f.call(this,g)}function f(e){this.triggerEvent("willsenddatatoturn",e);var n=performance.now()-this.estConnectionStart;this.addTimingEvent("turnPrep",n),C.debug("Sending data to turn @ "+this.turnSignalHost+" after "+n+" millis");var t={iceServers:[{url:"turn:"+this.turnSignalHost,urls:["turn:"+this.turnSignalHost],username:e,credential:"x"}]};this.turnSignalPeerConnection=new w(t),this.turnSignalPeerConnection.createDataChannel("");var o=this;this.turnSignalPeerConnection.createOffer(function(e){var n=performance.now(),t=n-o.estConnectionStart;o.addTimingEvent("turnSend",t),C.info("Fake offer generated which should trigger TURN request after "+(n-o.estConnectionStart)+" millis"),o.turnSignalPeerConnection.setLocalDescription(e,function(){},function(){})},function(){})}function h(){C.info("Successfully added ICE candidate")}var v=e(10),g=e(11),C=e(8),w=window.RTCPeerConnection||window.mozRTCPeerConnection||window.webkitRTCPeerConnection,m=window.RTCSessionDescription||window.mozRTCSessionDescription||window.webkitRTCSessionDescription,S=window.RTCIceCandidate||window.mozRTCIceCandidate||window.webkitRTCIceCandidate,E=15e3,T=3e5;o.prototype.handleError=function(){},o.prototype.getTimingEvents=function(){return this.timingEvents},o.prototype.addTimingEvent=function(e,n){var t={name:"t_"+e,timing:n};this.timingEvents.push(t)},o.prototype.open=function(){var e=this;this.connectionTimeout=setTimeout(function(){e.close()},E),this.estConnectionStart=performance.now(),setTimeout(function(){C.debug("v8Lag is : "+(performance.now()-e.estConnectionStart)),e.addTimingEvent("v8Lag",performance.now()-e.estConnectionStart)},1),i.call(this),r.call(this)},o.prototype.send=function(e){C.info("sending message",e),this.dataChannel.send(e)},o.prototype.request=function(e,n){var t=g.buildRequest(e),o=g.buildTerminator(t.id);this.requests[t.id]=n,this.send(JSON.stringify(t)),this.send(JSON.stringify(o))},o.prototype.close=function(){this.dataChannel&&(this.dataChannel.close(),this.dataChannel=null),this.peerConnection&&"closed"!==this.peerConnection.signalingState&&(console.log("Closed PC"),this.peerConnection.close()),this.stunGunPeerConnection&&"closed"!==this.stunGunPeerConnection.signalingState&&(console.log("Closed Stungun PC"),this.stunGunPeerConnection.close()),this.turnSignalPeerConnection&&"closed"!==this.turnSignalPeerConnection.signalingState&&(console.log("Closed Turnsignal PC"),this.turnSignalPeerConnection.close())},o.prototype.on=function(e,n){e in this.eventListeners&&this.eventListeners[e].push(n)},o.prototype.triggerEvent=function(e){if(e in this.eventListeners){var n=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);this.eventListeners[e].forEach(function(e){e.apply(this,n)})}},o.prototype.setLogLevel=function(e){C.setLevel(e)},o.prototype.checkCandidateIpLeak=function(e){if(!v.isIPv6(e)&&-1!==e.indexOf("typ host")){var n=v.extractCandidateIp(e);n&&(this.ips[n]=!0,Object.keys(this.ips).length>=2&&(C.info("Multiple private IPs detected. Closing the connection."),this.close()))}},window.PanamaClient=o,n.exports=o},{10:10,11:11,8:8}],10:[function(e,n,t){n.exports.getPortNoFromCandidate=function(e){var n=/([0-9]+) ([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}) ([0-9]+)/.exec(e)||[];return n[3]||null},n.exports.isServerReflexive=function(e){return-1!==e.indexOf("srflx")},n.exports.isIPv6=function(e){return/([0-9a-fA-F]){1,4}(:([0-9a-fA-F]){1,4}){7}/.test(e)},n.exports.extractCandidateIp=function(e){var n=/[0-9]+ ([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}) [0-9]+/.exec(e);return n&&n.length>1?n[1]:null},n.exports.matchNodePeerIpAndPort=function(e){return e.match(/candidate:[0-9]+ [0-9]+ udp [0-9]+ ([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}) ([0-9]*)/i)}},{}],11:[function(e,n,t){function o(){return Math.floor(99999*Math.random()+1)}function i(e){var n=o().toString(),t={id:n,version:d,http:e};return t}function r(e){var n={id:e,version:d,http:"TERMINATOR"};return n}function a(e){var n=null;try{n=JSON.parse(l+e)}catch(t){l+=e}return n&&(l=""),n}function s(e){if(!e.http||!e.id)throw new Error("Fields `id` and `http` are mandatory.");var n=e.id;if("TERMINATOR"===e.http){if(!u[n])return null;var t=u[n];return u[n]=null,t}return u[n]?u[n].http.body+=e.http.body:u[n]=e,null}function c(e){var n=a(e);if(!n)return null;var t=s(n);return t}var d="1.0",l="",u={};n.exports={buildRequest:i,buildTerminator:r,handleChunk:c,accumulateJSON:a,accumulateResponse:s}},{}]},{},[1]); </script><script type="text/javascript" data-id="script-cb-tracker"> var _sf_async_config = _sf_async_config || {}; _sf_async_config.sections='Landing'; _sf_async_config.authors='Investopedia'; (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20160712213105/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script><!-- doubleClick track start --> <!-- Activity name for this tag: INV --> <script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_dfp_tracking"> var axel = Math.random()+""; var a = axel * 10000000000000; var img = document.createElement("img"); img.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160712213105/http://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;xsp=197334;ord='+ a +'?'; img.width = 1; img.height = 1; var body = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]; body.appendChild(img); </script> <noscript><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160712213105im_/http://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;xsp=197334;ord=1" width="1" height="1" border="0/"></noscript> <!-- doubleClick track end --><!-- Audience Segment--> <script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_sp_taggroup_mapping" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160712213105js_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/js/smart_pixel/tag_taggroup_mapping.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_sp_taggroup_mapping" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160712213105js_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/js/smart_pixel/taggroup_seg_mapping.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_sp_keyword_sem" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160712213105js_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/js/smart_pixel/keyword_sem_mapping.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_sp_audience_segment" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160712213105js_/http://i.investopedia.com/public/js/smart_pixel/audience_segment.js"></script> <!--End Audience Segment --></body> </html><!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 21:31:05 Jul 12, 2016 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 09:44:03 Dec 01, 2024. 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