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Growth and renewal in the Swedish economy | McKinsey
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mdc-c-link--secondary___TSFam_2734c4f"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">MGI Research</span></a><h1 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-2 mck-u-animation-slide-down ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__heading__bv6rL"><div>Growth and renewal in the Swedish economy</div></h1></div><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-10 mck-u-animation-blur-in-800 ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__description__sjoe9"><div><time datetime="2013-01-01T00:00:00Z">January 1, 2013</time> | Report</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><section data-layer-region="article-body-header" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400 byline-share-container"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-8 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-8 mdc-u-ts-9"><span> </span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/our-people/tomas-naucler" class="mdc-c-link-inline___7DRrt_2734c4f mdc-c-link-inline--secondary___YKoOK_2734c4f"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">Tomas Nauclér</span></a> </span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Magnus Tyreman<span> </span></span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Charles Roxburgh</span></span></div><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-8 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-8 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11 ArticleContent_mck-c-article-content__share-tools__kWRRw"></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-5"><div class="mck-u-links-inline">Sweden's economy is faring better than many of its peers, but to compete in the long term, the nation must address five key issues.</div></div></div></section><main data-layer-region="article-body" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-1 mdc-u-grid-col-md-12"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div class="mdc-o-content-body mck-u-dropcap"><div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__iFmyt mck-o-xs-right-span"><div data-layer-region="downloads-right-rail"><h3 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f"></h3><div><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/europe/growth and renewal in the swedish economy/mgi_swedish_economy_full_report.pdf" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__download-link__fPqFQ mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f" target="_blank" data-layer-event-prefix="Download Link" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-report-type="" data-layer-file-name="mgi_swedish_economy_full_report" data-layer-report-name="mgi_swedish_economy_full_report>"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-md___yi5fA_2734c4f mck-download-icon"></span><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f"> (PDF-2 MB)</span></a></div></div></div></div> <p>Sweden’s economy is faring better than that of many of its peers: the nation has low public debt and a current-account surplus, and since the early 1990s its growth rate has outpaced that of other members of the EU-15<a rel="#footnote1" class="link-footnote" href="#"><sup>1</sup></a> <span style="display:none" id="footnote1" class="tooltip"><span class="footnote-content"><span class="footnote-number">1.</span><span class="footnote-text">These are the most relevant countries for comparative purposes.</span><span class="clear"></span></span><span class="footnote-bottom"></span></span> and the United States. </p> <p>But the 2012 McKinsey Global Institute report <em>Growth and renewal in the Swedish economy</em> shows that the nation can’t afford to coast on its achievements. Sweden’s economic growth mainly reflects productivity gains in the areas most exposed to international competition: manufacturing and business and financial services, which together account for only about one-third of the nation’s economy. In its two other main components—the public sector and local services—economic growth has been much slower, at a pace comparable to that of the rest of the EU-15. </p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span>Exhibit </span></div><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f"><div>Manufacturing has been responsible for Sweden’s high GDP growth compared with that of the other EU-15 countries.</div></h5></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/featured%20insights/europe/growth%20and%20renewal%20in%20the%20swedish%20economy/svgz_mgi_sweden_ex_mr_v2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="" src="/~/media/mckinsey/featured%20insights/europe/growth%20and%20renewal%20in%20the%20swedish%20economy/svgz_mgi_sweden_ex_mr_v2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <p>Further complicating the economic outlook, Sweden’s population is aging, the quality of its education system is declining, and international competition, particularly from developing economies, is accelerating. </p> <p>Many countries must focus on addressing their acute short-term financial problems. Sweden, however, can think over the long term about how to maintain or even exceed its strong historical growth rate. Our research suggests that the nation should focus on five issues that collectively address both productivity and competitiveness: </p> <p><span class="mck_h3_sm">1. Increase productivity in the public sector.</span> With an ambitious approach, its productivity could increase by 25 to 30 percent over the next ten years, while maintaining the same level of quality. Key elements include more ambitious targets, more transparent results, consolidation of the structure of Sweden’s public administration, and a national center of excellence for public procurement. </p> <p><span class="mck_h3_sm">2. Improve growth in the local-services sector through deregulation and regulatory reform.</span> Sweden used these tools successfully in the 1980s and ’90s, but many areas remain to be addressed. The nation should consider systematically eliminating growth-inhibiting regulations, industry by industry, through a joint effort by politicians, employers, and trade unions. </p> <p><span class="mck_h3_sm">3. Sustain high growth in the international sector through increased innovation productivity.</span> Competition from companies in emerging markets is increasing rapidly. So is the pace of innovation: the number of engineers in the world, for instance, more than doubled from 1998 to 2008 and increased by a factor of four in China during that period. To maximize returns on R&D investments, Sweden should strive to become a leader in innovation productivity—innovation achieved per unit of investment in innovation—much as it has, in many industries, become a leader in production efficiency. </p> <p><span class="mck_h3_sm">4. Make Sweden a world leader in education.</span> Previous research has shown that to reverse the trend of failing schools, the skills of teachers and school leaders must improve significantly. Sweden should consider establishing teacher-coaching programs and explore ways to make the profession more attractive to highly skilled talent. </p> <p><span class="mck_h3_sm">5. Increase the share of the population that’s employed.</span> Sweden must address the high rate of unemployment among the young and the foreign born—for instance, by exploring an apprenticeship model. To adjust to a world in which people live longer, the country might also consider following the Danish practice of linking retirement age to life expectancy.</p></div><div class="container-placeholder"></div></div></div></main></div><div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="light" data-module-background="lightest-grey" data-module-category="StandalonePromo" class="RelatedArticle_mck-c-article-related__GGA76 mck-u-screen-only" data-layer-region="related-articles"><div class="mdc-o-container__wrapper is-wrapped mdc-u-spaced-mobile"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center">Related Articles</h5><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-3 RelatedArticle_items-container__s2uD0"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg Card_card__diA2r Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/featured-insights/europe/investing-in-growth" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-inves-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="ingr12_frth" class="picture-uniqueKey-inves-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/featured%20insights/europe/investing%20in%20growth/ingr12_frth.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Report - 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<i>MGI Research</i></span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/featured-insights/employment-and-growth/uneven-progress-on-the-path-to-growth" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>Debt and deleveraging: Uneven progress on the path to growth</div></a></h6></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"locale":"en","dictionary":{},"sitecoreContext":{"route":{"name":"Growth and renewal in the Swedish economy","displayName":"Growth and renewal in the Swedish economy","fields":null,"databaseName":"web","deviceId":"fe5d7fdf-89c0-4d99-9aa3-b5fbd009c9f3","itemId":"676b193d-ef43-4ee9-951f-2da2cafd0a6e","itemLanguage":"en","itemVersion":1,"layoutId":"ae753eb4-a035-40b4-83bf-4b4438df6742","templateId":"683910db-02ba-40ba-92e7-726c880160a9","templateName":"ArticleJSS","placeholders":{"jss-main":[{"uid":"232bb7e9-289f-492d-a916-2b6185e44a84","componentName":"ArticleTemplate","dataSource":"","fields":{"data":{"articleTemplate":{"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Growth and renewal in the Swedish economy"}},"sEOTitle":{"value":""},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Sweden's economy is faring better than many of its peers, but to compete in the long term, the nation must address five key issues."}},"sEODescription":{"value":""},"displayDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}},"body":{"value":"[[DownloadsSidebar]] \u003cp\u003eSweden\u0026rsquo;s economy is faring better than that of many of its peers: the nation has low public debt and a current-account surplus, and since the early 1990s its growth rate has outpaced that of other members of the EU-15\u003ca href=\"#\" class=\"link-footnote\" onclick=\"return false;\" rel=\"#footnote1\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip\" id=\"footnote1\" style=\"display: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"footnote-content\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"footnote-number\"\u003e1.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"footnote-text\"\u003eThese are the most relevant countries for comparative purposes.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"clear\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"footnote-bottom\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e and the United States. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBut the 2012 McKinsey Global Institute report \u003cem\u003eGrowth and renewal in the Swedish economy\u003c/em\u003e shows that the nation can\u0026rsquo;t afford to coast on its achievements. Sweden\u0026rsquo;s economic growth mainly reflects productivity gains in the areas most exposed to international competition: manufacturing and business and financial services, which together account for only about one-third of the nation\u0026rsquo;s economy. In its two other main components\u0026mdash;the public sector and local services\u0026mdash;economic growth has been much slower, at a pace comparable to that of the rest of the EU-15. \u003c/p\u003e\n[[exhibit growth_swedish_economy]]\n\u003cp\u003eFurther complicating the economic outlook, Sweden\u0026rsquo;s population is aging, the quality of its education system is declining, and international competition, particularly from developing economies, is accelerating. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany countries must focus on addressing their acute short-term financial problems. Sweden, however, can think over the long term about how to maintain or even exceed its strong historical growth rate. Our research suggests that the nation should focus on five issues that collectively address both productivity and competitiveness: \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mck_h3_sm\"\u003e1. Increase productivity in the public sector.\u003c/span\u003e With an ambitious approach, its productivity could increase by 25 to 30 percent over the next ten years, while maintaining the same level of quality. Key elements include more ambitious targets, more transparent results, consolidation of the structure of Sweden\u0026rsquo;s public administration, and a national center of excellence for public procurement. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mck_h3_sm\"\u003e2. Improve growth in the local-services sector through deregulation and regulatory reform.\u003c/span\u003e Sweden used these tools successfully in the 1980s and \u0026rsquo;90s, but many areas remain to be addressed. The nation should consider systematically eliminating growth-inhibiting regulations, industry by industry, through a joint effort by politicians, employers, and trade unions. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mck_h3_sm\"\u003e3. Sustain high growth in the international sector through increased innovation productivity.\u003c/span\u003e Competition from companies in emerging markets is increasing rapidly. So is the pace of innovation: the number of engineers in the world, for instance, more than doubled from 1998 to 2008 and increased by a factor of four in China during that period. To maximize returns on R\u0026amp;D investments, Sweden should strive to become a leader in innovation productivity\u0026mdash;innovation achieved per unit of investment in innovation\u0026mdash;much as it has, in many industries, become a leader in production efficiency. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mck_h3_sm\"\u003e4. Make Sweden a world leader in education.\u003c/span\u003e Previous research has shown that to reverse the trend of failing schools, the skills of teachers and school leaders must improve significantly. Sweden should consider establishing teacher-coaching programs and explore ways to make the profession more attractive to highly skilled talent. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mck_h3_sm\"\u003e5. Increase the share of the population that\u0026rsquo;s employed.\u003c/span\u003e Sweden must address the high rate of unemployment among the young and the foreign born\u0026mdash;for instance, by exploring an apprenticeship model. To adjust to a world in which people live longer, the country might also consider following the Danish practice of linking retirement age to life expectancy.\u003c/p\u003e"},"isFullScreenInteractive":{"boolValue":false},"hideStickySocialShareBar":{"boolValue":false},"desktopID":{"value":""},"mobileID":{"value":""},"desktopURL":{"value":""},"mobileURL":{"value":""},"desktopPaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"mobilePaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"desktopOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"mobileOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"cerosOembedURL":{"value":""},"cerosRenderMode":{"targetItem":null},"cerosBackgroundColor":{"targetItem":null},"hideByLine":{"boolValue":false},"tableOfContentsTitle":{"value":"TABLE OF CONTENTS"},"accessStatus":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"AllUsers"},"value":{"value":"All Users"}}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Report"}},"hasSpecialReport":{"boolValue":false},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Article"}},"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":{"name":"MGI 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Nauclér"},"emailLinks":{"value":"Tomas_Naucler@mckinsey.com"},"linkedInUrl":{"value":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/tomas-naucler-5641b7148/"},"description":{"value":"As global leader of McKinsey Sustainability, helps companies and governments develop strategies grounded on a fact-based understanding of the potential impact of climate change"},"locations":{"targetItems":[{"name":"Stockholm","displayName":"Stockholm"}]},"firmTitle":{"value":"Senior Partner"},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"Tomas Nauclér","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/our people/tomas naucler/tomas-naucler_profile_1536x1152.jpg"},"url":{"path":"/our-people/tomas-naucler"}}]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"9CC05F15783A4B4CA3F8B365336A87B8","name":"Magnus Tyreman","authorTitle":{"value":"Magnus 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