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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gulab_Singh_and_the_Dogra_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gulab_Singh_and_the_Dogra_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gulab Singh and the Dogra dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gulab_Singh_and_the_Dogra_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partition_and_accession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partition_and_accession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Partition and accession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partition_and_accession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Places of interest subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Purmandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purmandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Purmandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purmandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaishno_Devi_shrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaishno_Devi_shrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Vaishno Devi shrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaishno_Devi_shrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nandini_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nandini_Wildlife_Sanctuary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nandini_Wildlife_Sanctuary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sukrala_Mata_Mandir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sukrala_Mata_Mandir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Sukrala Mata Mandir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sukrala_Mata_Mandir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mansar_Lake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mansar_Lake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Mansar Lake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mansar_Lake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahu_Fort" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahu_Fort"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Bahu Fort</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahu_Fort-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raghunath_Temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raghunath_Temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Raghunath Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raghunath_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peer_Kho_Cave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peer_Kho_Cave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Peer Kho Cave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peer_Kho_Cave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shivkhori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shivkhori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Shivkhori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shivkhori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Machail_Mata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machail_Mata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10</span> <span>Machail Mata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machail_Mata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_centres_and_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_centres_and_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.11</span> <span>City centres and attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_centres_and_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.12</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.13</span> <span>Kalari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals_of_Jammu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_of_Jammu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Festivals of Jammu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Festivals_of_Jammu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Festivals of Jammu subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Festivals_of_Jammu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lohri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lohri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Lohri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lohri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uttarain_or_Maghi_Sangrand_(Makar_Sankranti)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttarain_or_Maghi_Sangrand_(Makar_Sankranti)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Uttarain or Maghi Sangrand (Makar Sankranti)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uttarain_or_Maghi_Sangrand_(Makar_Sankranti)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bhugga_(Sankashti_Chaturthi)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bhugga_(Sankashti_Chaturthi)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Bhugga (Sankashti Chaturthi)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bhugga_(Sankashti_Chaturthi)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basant_Panchami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basant_Panchami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Basant Panchami</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basant_Panchami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kan_Chauth_(Gauri_Chaturthi)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kan_Chauth_(Gauri_Chaturthi)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Kan Chauth (Gauri Chaturthi)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kan_Chauth_(Gauri_Chaturthi)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Holi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ram_Naumi_(Rama_Navami)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ram_Naumi_(Rama_Navami)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Ram Naumi (Rama Navami)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ram_Naumi_(Rama_Navami)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basoa_(Vishuva)_or_Baisakhi_(Mesha_Sankranti)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basoa_(Vishuva)_or_Baisakhi_(Mesha_Sankranti)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Basoa (Vishuva) or Baisakhi (Mesha Sankranti)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basoa_(Vishuva)_or_Baisakhi_(Mesha_Sankranti)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahu_Mela_(March–April_and_September–October)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahu_Mela_(March–April_and_September–October)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>Bahu Mela (March–April and September–October)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahu_Mela_(March–April_and_September–October)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chaitre_Chaudash_(March–April)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chaitre_Chaudash_(March–April)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.10</span> <span>Chaitre Chaudash (March–April)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chaitre_Chaudash_(March–April)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purmandal_Mela_(February–March)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purmandal_Mela_(February–March)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11</span> <span>Purmandal Mela (February–March)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purmandal_Mela_(February–March)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dhamdeh_(Dharma_Dhihada_-_Aashada_Sankranti)_&_Nirjala_Ekadashi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dhamdeh_(Dharma_Dhihada_-_Aashada_Sankranti)_&_Nirjala_Ekadashi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.12</span> <span>Dhamdeh (Dharma Dhihada - Aashada Sankranti) & Nirjala Ekadashi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dhamdeh_(Dharma_Dhihada_-_Aashada_Sankranti)_&_Nirjala_Ekadashi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rutt_Raahde_&_Sakolade_(Shravana_Sankranti)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rutt_Raahde_&_Sakolade_(Shravana_Sankranti)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.13</span> <span>Rutt Raahde & Sakolade (Shravana Sankranti)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rutt_Raahde_&_Sakolade_(Shravana_Sankranti)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thongren_Da_Vrat_(Krishna_Janmashtami)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thongren_Da_Vrat_(Krishna_Janmashtami)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.14</span> <span>Thongren Da Vrat (Krishna Janmashtami)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thongren_Da_Vrat_(Krishna_Janmashtami)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacch_Dua_(Vatsa_Dwadashi)_&_Drubadi_(Durvashtami)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacch_Dua_(Vatsa_Dwadashi)_&_Drubadi_(Durvashtami)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.15</span> <span>Bacch Dua (Vatsa Dwadashi) & Drubadi (Durvashtami)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacch_Dua_(Vatsa_Dwadashi)_&_Drubadi_(Durvashtami)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singh_Sankrant_(Simha_Sankranti)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singh_Sankrant_(Simha_Sankranti)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.16</span> <span>Singh Sankrant (Simha Sankranti)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singh_Sankrant_(Simha_Sankranti)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tulsi_Puja_&_Panj_Bhikham_(Bhishma_Panchak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tulsi_Puja_&_Panj_Bhikham_(Bhishma_Panchak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.17</span> <span>Tulsi Puja & Panj Bhikham (Bhishma Panchak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tulsi_Puja_&_Panj_Bhikham_(Bhishma_Panchak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jhiri_Mela_(October–November)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jhiri_Mela_(October–November)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.18</span> <span>Jhiri Mela (October–November)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jhiri_Mela_(October–November)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navratri_Festival_(September–October)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navratri_Festival_(September–October)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.19</span> <span>Navratri Festival (September–October)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navratri_Festival_(September–October)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rath_Kharda_Mela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rath_Kharda_Mela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.20</span> <span>Rath Kharda Mela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rath_Kharda_Mela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shivratri_(Herath)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shivratri_(Herath)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.21</span> <span>Shivratri (Herath)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shivratri_(Herath)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jammu division</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="جامو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="जम्मू मंडल – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जम्मू मंडल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97" title="জম্মু বিভাগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জম্মু বিভাগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3_de_Jammu" title="Divisió de Jammu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Divisió de Jammu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEamm%C3%BA" title="Džammú – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Džammú" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_(Division)" title="Jammu (Division) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jammu (Division)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_de_Jammu" title="División de Jammu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="División de Jammu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="بخش جامو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بخش جامو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81" title="જમ્મુ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જમ્મુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A0%EB%AC%B4_%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9" title="잠무 지방 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잠무 지방" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82_(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97)" title="जम्मू (विभाग) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जम्मू (विभाग)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisione_del_Jammu" title="Divisione del Jammu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Divisione del Jammu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81" title="ಜಮ್ಮು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಮ್ಮು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Jammu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jammu" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82" title="जम्मू – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जम्मू" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81" title="ଜାମ୍ମୁ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜାମ୍ମୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%88%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="جموں ڈویژن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جموں ڈویژن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamu" title="Jamu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jamu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Джамму – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джамму" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82" title="जम्मू – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जम्मू" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_region" title="Jammu region – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jammu region" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEamu_(pokrajina)" title="Džamu (pokrajina) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Džamu (pokrajina)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81" title="ஜம்மு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜம்மு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="జమ్మూ డివిజన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జమ్మూ డివిజన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemmu_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCm%C3%BC" title="Cemmu bölümü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cemmu bölümü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Джамму – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джамму" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%88%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="جموں ڈویژن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جموں ڈویژن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E8%B0%9F%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA" title="查谟专区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="查谟专区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2817363#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jammu_division&params=32.73_N_74.87_E_type:city(5350811)_region:IN-JK"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°44′N</span> <span class="longitude">74°52′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.73°N 74.87°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.73; 74.87</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Administrative division in Jammu and Kashmir, India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region administered by India as a Administrative division in Jammu and Kashmir</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Jammu division</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Region administered by India as a <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of India">Administrative division</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 170px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="170" data-zoom="4" data-overlays="["_86d755a129557681fa78adf493bdd42773ea74a8"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,300x170.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Jammu_division&revid=1254008086&groups=_86d755a129557681fa78adf493bdd42773ea74a8" width="300" height="170" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,300x170@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Jammu_division&revid=1254008086&groups=_86d755a129557681fa78adf493bdd42773ea74a8 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Jammu division</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_Jammu_division_administered_by_India_in_neon_blue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A map of the Jammu division (neon blue) of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir (shaded in tan) in the disputed Kashmir region.[1]"><img alt="A map of the Jammu division (neon blue) of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir (shaded in tan) in the disputed Kashmir region.[1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_Jammu_division_administered_by_India_in_neon_blue.jpg/250px-Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_Jammu_division_administered_by_India_in_neon_blue.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_Jammu_division_administered_by_India_in_neon_blue.jpg/375px-Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_Jammu_division_administered_by_India_in_neon_blue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_Jammu_division_administered_by_India_in_neon_blue.jpg/500px-Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_Jammu_division_administered_by_India_in_neon_blue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4597" data-file-height="4920" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">A map of the Jammu division (neon blue) of the Indian-administered <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (shaded in <a href="/wiki/Tan_(color)" title="Tan (color)">tan</a>) in the disputed <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-tertiary-kashmir_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tertiary-kashmir-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jammu_division&params=32.73_N_74.87_E_type:city(5350811)_region:IN-JK"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°44′N</span> <span class="longitude">74°52′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.73°N 74.87°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.73; 74.87</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administering country</th><td class="infobox-data">India</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">Union territory</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (summer)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (winter)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of India">Division</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">26,293 km<sup>2</sup> (10,152 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,350,811</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">200/km<sup>2</sup> (530/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup id="cite_ref-OfficialLang_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OfficialLang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Spoken</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi Language">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gojri" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojri">Gojri</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://divcomjammu.gov.in/">http://divcomjammu.gov.in/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Jammu division</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>-/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1f\/Jammu.ogg\/Jammu.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Jammu.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/Jammu.ogg/Jammu.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Jammu.ogg" title="File:Jammu.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dogri pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="doi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[dʒəmːuː]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of India">revenue and administrative division</a> of the Indian-administered <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> in the disputed <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-tertiary-kashmir_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tertiary-kashmir-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_division" title="Kashmir division">Kashmir division</a> to the north. It consists of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir">districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_district" title="Jammu district">Jammu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathua_district" title="Kathua district">Kathua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramban_district" title="Ramban district">Ramban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reasi_district" title="Reasi district">Reasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poonch_district,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch district, India">Poonch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajouri_district" title="Rajouri district">Rajouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udhampur_district" title="Udhampur district">Udhampur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samba_district" title="Samba district">Samba</a>. Most of the land is hilly or mountainous, including the <a href="/wiki/Pir_Panjal_Range" title="Pir Panjal Range">Pir Panjal Range</a> which separates it from the Kashmir Valley and part of the Great Himalayas in the eastern districts of Doda and Kishtwar. Its principal river is the <a href="/wiki/Chenab" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenab">Chenab</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> city is the largest city in Jammu and the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is also known as "City of Temples" as it has many temples and <a href="/wiki/Shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrines">shrines</a>, with glittering <i><a href="/wiki/Shikhars" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikhars">shikhars</a></i> soaring into the sky, which dot the city's skyline. </p><p>Home to some of the most revered Hindu shrines, such as <a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi" title="Vaishno Devi">Vaishno Devi</a>, Jammu is a major <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> centre for Hindus. A majority of Jammu's population practices <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> enjoy a strong cultural heritage in the region. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lama_dance_at_Jummoo,.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Lama_dance_at_Jummoo%2C.jpg/220px-Lama_dance_at_Jummoo%2C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Lama_dance_at_Jummoo%2C.jpg/330px-Lama_dance_at_Jummoo%2C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Lama_dance_at_Jummoo%2C.jpg/440px-Lama_dance_at_Jummoo%2C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="706" /></a><figcaption>Lama dance at Jummoo</figcaption></figure> <p>The hilly regions to the south and southwest of the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a> formed the <b>Jammu Province</b> of the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">princely state of Jammu and Kashmir</a>. During the declining years of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, the region comprised 22 hill states that emerged from the Mughal suzerainty. Hutchison and Vogel, who first studied these states, called them the <i>Dugar group</i> of states. (<i>Dugar</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a medieval term with ancient form <i>Durgara</i> and modern form <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogra</a>.) The state of Jammu is believed to have been the most prominent among the Dugar group, which they identified with the kingdom of <i>Durgara</i>. </p><p>The term <i>Durgara</i> is attested in an 11th-century copper plate inscription from <a href="/wiki/Chamba_State" title="Chamba State">Chamba</a>. The inscription refers to an attack on Chamba by the "Lord of Durgara" allied with <i>Saumatikas</i> and the <i>Kiras</i> of Chamba. However, no kingdom by that name is mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Rajatarangini" title="Rajatarangini">Rajatarangini</a></i>. <i>Durgara</i> could have been a reference to <i>Vallapura</i> (modern <a href="/wiki/Billawar" title="Billawar">Billawar</a>) or <i>Babbapura</i> (modern Babor). Some scholars believe it to have been a regional or ethnic name current in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHāṇḍā,_Textiles,_Costumes,_and_Ornaments_of_the_Western_Himalaya1998178,&nbsp;180_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHāṇḍā,_Textiles,_Costumes,_and_Ornaments_of_the_Western_Himalaya1998178,&nbsp;180-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchison_&_Vogel,_History_of_Panjab_Hill_States,_Volume_21933517–518_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchison_&_Vogel,_History_of_Panjab_Hill_States,_Volume_21933517–518-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBamzai,_Culture_and_Political_History_of_Kashmir1994184_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBamzai,_Culture_and_Political_History_of_Kashmir1994184-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein,_Kalhana's_Rajatarangini1989432_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein,_Kalhana's_Rajatarangini1989432-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jammu is mentioned by name in the chronicles of <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a>, who invaded Delhi in 1398 and returned to <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> via Jammu. Raja Bhim Dev is prominently mentioned in the Delhi chronicles as a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Shah_(Sayyid_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)">Mubarah Shah</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1421–1434</span>) against <a href="/wiki/Jasrat" title="Jasrat">Jasrat</a>. Between 1423 and 1442, Jammu came under control of Jasrat (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1405–1442</span>) who <a href="/wiki/Jasrat#Invasion_of_Jammu_(1423)" title="Jasrat">conquered it</a> after killing his arch-enemy Bhim Dev in 1423. Later, Jasrat appointed Manik Dev (also known as Ajeo Dev) as vassal, and married his daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early-16th-century Mughal chronicles of <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a>, Jammu is mentioned as a powerful state in the Punjab hills. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> brought the hill kingdoms of the region under Mughal suzerainty, but the kings enjoyed considerable political autonomy. In addition to Jammu, other kingdoms of the region such as <a href="/wiki/Kishtwar" title="Kishtwar">Kishtwar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rajauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajauri">Rajauri</a> were also prominently mentioned. It is evident that the Mughal empire treated these hill chiefs as allies and partners in the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Jigar_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jigar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the decline of Mughal power in the 18th century, the Jammu state under Raja Dhruv Dev, of the <i>Jamuwal</i> (or <i><a href="/wiki/Jamwal" title="Jamwal">Jamwal</a></i>) family, asserted its supremacy among the Dugar states. Its ascent reached its peak under his successor Raja Ranjit Dev (r. 1728–1780), who was widely respected among the hill states.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeratha,_Dogra_Legends_of_Art_&_Culture1998187_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeratha,_Dogra_Legends_of_Art_&_Culture1998187-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the end of Ranjit Dev's rule, the Sikh clans of Punjab (<i><a href="/wiki/Misls" class="mw-redirect" title="Misls">misls</a></i>) gained ascendancy, and Jammu began to be contested by the <a href="/wiki/Bhangi_Misl" title="Bhangi Misl">Bhangi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanhaiya_Misl" title="Kanhaiya Misl">Kanhaiya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sukerchakia_Misl" title="Sukerchakia Misl">Sukerchakia</a> <i>misls</i>. Around 1770, the Bhangi <i>misl</i> attacked Jammu and forced Ranjit Dev to become a tributary. Brij Lal Dev, his successor, was defeated by the Sukerchakia chief Mahan Singh, who sacked Jammu and plundered it. Thus Jammu lost its supremacy over the surrounding country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193010–12_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193010–12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1808, Jammu itself was annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Maharaja Ranjit Singh</a>, the son of Mahan Singh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193015–16_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193015–16-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gulab_Singh_and_the_Dogra_dynasty">Gulab Singh and the Dogra dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gulab Singh and the Dogra dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulabsingh1840.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gulabsingh1840.jpg/186px-Gulabsingh1840.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gulabsingh1840.jpg/279px-Gulabsingh1840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gulabsingh1840.jpg/372px-Gulabsingh1840.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Singh_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir">Maharaja Gulab Singh</a>, the founder of princely state of Jammu and Kashmir</figcaption></figure> <p>After the Sikh conquest of Jammu, <a href="/wiki/Gulab_Singh" title="Gulab Singh">Gulab Singh</a>, a descendant of Dhruv Dev via his third son, went on to enrol in the Sikh troops. He soon distinguished himself in battles and was awarded a <i><a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">jagir</a></i> near Jammu with an allowance to keep an independent force. After the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Kishtwar" title="Kishtwar">Kishtwar</a> (1821) and the subjugation of <a href="/wiki/Rajouri_district" title="Rajouri district">Rajouri</a>, he was made a hereditary Raja of Jammu in 1822, personally anointed by Ranjit Singh. His brother Dhyan Singh received <a href="/wiki/Historical_Poonch_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Poonch District">Poonch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chibhal" title="Chibhal">Chibhal</a>, and Suchet Singh <a href="/wiki/Ramnagar,_Udhampur" title="Ramnagar, Udhampur">Ramnagar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193014–34_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193014–34-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuttenback,_Gulab_Singh_and_the_Creation_of_the_Dogra_State1961478_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuttenback,_Gulab_Singh_and_the_Creation_of_the_Dogra_State1961478-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1827, Gulab Singh brought under his control all the principalities lying between Kashmir and Jammu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193037_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193037-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the entire Jammu province came under the control of the three <a href="/wiki/Jamwal" title="Jamwal">Jamwal</a> brothers under the umbrella of the Sikh Empire. </p><p>After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839, the Sikh court fell into anarchy and palace intrigues took over. Gulab Singh's brothers Dhyan Singh and Suchet Singh, as well as his nephew Hira Singh, were murdered in the struggles. The relations between the Sikh court and Gulab Singh deteriorated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193065–72_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh193065–72-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197137_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197137-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a> (1845–1846), Gulab Singh kept aloof. He was nevertheless invited to Lahore and installed as prime minister of the Sikh Empire. His actions as the Prime Minister were duplicitous and contributed to a Sikh defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197146–50_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197146–50-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British decided to weaken the power of the Sikhs and set up Gulab Singh as a counterweight. Accordingly, they demanded a war indemnity from the Sikhs which included all of the hilly territory between the <a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus</a> rivers, and then transferred it to Gulab Singh, recognising him as an independent Maharaja. Gulab Singh paid 7.5 million Nanakshahee Rupees to the British in the transaction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197152–53_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197152–53-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the princely state of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> came into being, ruled by Gulab Singh and his descendants, known as the <a href="/wiki/Dogra_dynasty" title="Dogra dynasty">Dogra dynasty</a>. </p><p>During the Dogra rule, Jammu in the Jammu province and Srinagar in Kashmir province were both used as capitals, six months to a year each. Poonch and Chibhal were granted as <i>jagirs</i> to Dhyan Singh's surviving sons, Jawahir Singh and Moti Singh. However, Jawahir Singh got involved in conspiracies and was exiled to Punjab. Chibhal (<a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a>) thus reverted to Gulab Singh, while Poonch remained under the control of Moti Singh and his descendants under the suzerainty of Jammu and Kashmir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partition_and_accession">Partition and accession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Partition and accession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg/220px-Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg/330px-Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg/440px-Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1566" /></a><figcaption>Kashmir region divided across Pakistan, India and China </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></div> <p>During the partition of India, the ruler was <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Hari_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Hari Singh">Maharaja Hari Singh</a>. He, along with all the other princes, was given the choice of acceding to either India or <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, taking into consideration the geographical contiguity and the wishes of the population. The Maharaja chose not to accede to either dominion before the appointed date, citing the mixed religious composition of his state. This technical independence was short-lived as the Maharaja faced a <a href="/wiki/1947_Poonch_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 Poonch Rebellion">rebellion in the western districts</a> and a Pakistan-inspired <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Pashtun tribal invasion</a>. Unable to withstand the assaults, the Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">acceded to India</a> on 26–27 October 1947. India airlifted troops to Kashmir to repel the raiders. However, major portions of the western districts of Muzaffarabad, Poonch, and Mirpur <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">remained under the control of Pakistan</a>. The remainder of the state was incorporated into India via the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, which also provided autonomy to the state under <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jammu borders the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> to the east, and <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (India)">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> to the south. In the west, the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a> separates Jammu from <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistani</a>-administered <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a> in Pakistan). In between Kashmir Valley to the north and the Daman Koh plains to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Shivalik_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivalik Range">Shivalik Range</a> comprises most of the region of Jammu. The <a href="/wiki/Pir_Panjal_Range" title="Pir Panjal Range">Pir Panjal Range</a>, the Trikuta Hills and the low-lying <a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">Tawi River</a> basin add diversity to the terrain of Jammu. The Pir Panjal range separates Jammu from the Kashmir Valley. Jammu region has eight geographical subregions Ravi-Tawi Kandi plains, Shiwaliks, Pir Panjal belt, Chenab Valley, Bhaderwah Valley, Gandoh Valley, Paddar Valley and Warwan-Marwah Valley. </p><p>The climate of the region varies with altitude. In and around Jammu city, the climate is similar to the nearby Punjab region: hot summers, rainy monsoon, and mildly cold and foggy winters. While Jammu city itself does not experience any snowfall, the higher hills and mountains are snow-capped in winter. People from all over India come to <a href="/wiki/Patnitop" title="Patnitop">Patnitop</a> mountain resort to enjoy the winter snows. The shrine of <a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi" title="Vaishno Devi">Vaishno Devi</a> is covered with snow in the winter. The <a href="/wiki/Banihal_Pass" title="Banihal Pass">Banihal Pass</a>, which links the Jammu region to the Kashmir region, often experiences closure in the winter months due to extremely heavy snowfall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Castes_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="List of Scheduled Castes in Jammu and Kashmir">List of Scheduled Castes in Jammu and Kashmir</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:Maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Maroon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3182.0515953774px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 631.3751514675px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:89.100652418837px 45.399049973955px 0 0; border-top-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religions in Jammu Division (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-2011_Census_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Census-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkorange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (67.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (30%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (0.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> Others (0.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span> Not Stated (0.1%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft" style="White"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;<div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 4187.4920757154px; border-left-color:#CAB2D6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#CAB2D6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#CAB2D6"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2840.8795971401px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2149.1923984244px; border-left-color:DarkGoldenrod"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkGoldenrod"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkGoldenrod"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 725.49704395145px; border-left-color:Tomato"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Tomato"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Tomato"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 388.46083580328px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 208.08197965157px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 127.42476721817px; border-left-color:Black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Black"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 63.109942992712px; border-left-color:LightGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:LightGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:LightGreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.122477107387px 13.218719003578px 0 0; border-top-color:MediumVioletRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:MediumVioletRed"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:57.859808927637px 81.561280708786px 0 0; border-top-color:Salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Salmon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 459.56619811056px 100px 0; border-right-color:Indigo"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Indigo"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Jammu Division: mother-tongue of population, according to the 2011 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-C16_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-C16-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Indigo; color:white;"> </span> Dogri (46.59%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Salmon; color:black;"> </span> Pahari (13.23%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:MediumVioletRed; color:white;"> </span> Gojri (13.07%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:LightGreen; color:black;"> </span> Kashmiri (11.07%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span> Others (5.45%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;"> </span> Hindi (3.46%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> Punjabi (3.12%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Tomato; color:black;"> </span> Bhadrawahi (1.83%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkGoldenrod; color:black;"> </span> Siraji (1.44%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> Urdu (0.18%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to the 2011 census, the total population of Jammu Division is 5,350,811.<sup id="cite_ref-CEN2011_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEN2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled castes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalits</a>) constitute 19.44% of the population<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled tribes</a> comprise 15-20% of the population in Jammu Division. Five out of 10 districts, mainly in the hilly areas of the east and north, have Muslim majorities, while the densely populated plains of the southwest are predominantly Hindu. <a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gurjar</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bakarwal" title="Bakarwal">Bakarwals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaddis" title="Gaddis">Gaddi-Sippis</a>, who practice <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">transhumance</a>, are also found here.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest ethnic group in the Jammu Division are the <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogras</a>, who comprise approximately 47% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jammu's people are closely related to <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jammu_Tawi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jammu_Tawi.jpg/220px-Jammu_Tawi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jammu_Tawi.jpg/330px-Jammu_Tawi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jammu_Tawi.jpg/440px-Jammu_Tawi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">Tawi River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Jammu District overall has a population – 84% practice Hinduism, 7% practice Islam and most of the remainder are Sikhs.<sup id="cite_ref-CEN2011_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEN2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hindus form a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathua" title="Kathua">Kathua</a>, Samba and <a href="/wiki/Udhampur_district" title="Udhampur district">Udhampur</a> districts, and roughly half the population in the <a href="/wiki/Reasi_district" title="Reasi district">Reasi district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CEN2011_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEN2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of Jammu's Hindus are native Dogras, <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_Pandit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmiri Pandit">Kashmiri Pandits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism in Punjab">Punjabi Hindu</a> migrants and refugees from the <a href="/wiki/Kotli" title="Kotli">Kotli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Mirpur, Azad Kashmir">Mirpur</a> areas which are currently administered by Pakistan. Many Sikhs are migrants from Pakistan-administered Kashmir, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poonch_District,_Pakistan" title="Poonch District, Pakistan">Poonch</a> sector areas annexed by Pakistan in 1947.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Jammu Division, "<a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a> is spoken by a majority in the five districts of Jammu, Udhampur, Kathua, Samba and Reasi".<sup id="cite_ref-study_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-study-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other common languages include <a href="/wiki/Gojri" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojri">Gojri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi people">Punjabi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-study_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-study-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th colspan="4">Jammu Division: mother-tongue of population, according to the 2011 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-C16_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-C16-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Mother tongue code </th> <th>Mother tongue </th> <th>People </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>001002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,930 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.05% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>002007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,826 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.16% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>004001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,505,677 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.59% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>005018</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,581 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.05% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>005054</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poonchi_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonchi dialect">Ponchi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,651 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.25% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006086</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhadrawahi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrawahi language">Bhadrawahi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">98,159 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.83% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006096</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharmauri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharmauri language">Bharmauri/Gaddi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,019 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.45% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006102</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,455 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.12% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006125</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bundeli_language" title="Bundeli language">Bundeli/Bundel khandi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,303 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006142</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language" title="Chhattisgarhi language">Chhattisgarhi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,287 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.17% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006173</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhundhari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhundhari language">Dhundhari</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,073 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.04% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006195</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Garhwali_language" title="Garhwali language">Garhwali</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">794 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006207</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gojri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojri language">Gojri/Gujjari/Gujar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">703,049 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.07% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006235</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_language" title="Haryanvi language">Haryanvi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,230 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.19% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006240</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">186,204 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.46% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006340</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kumauni_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumauni language">Kumauni</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">946 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006376</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magahi_language" title="Magahi language">Magadhi/Magahi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,133 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006438</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Padari_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Padari dialect">Padari</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,225 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.32% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006439</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pahari_language" title="Pahari language">Pahari</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">711,587 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.23% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>006489</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajasthani language">Rajasthani</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,119 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.04% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>007016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,445 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.06% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>008005</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">595,290 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.07% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>008010</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kishtwari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kishtwari language">Kishtwari</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39,606 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.74% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>008018</td> <td>Siraji </td> <td style="text-align:right;">77,355 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.44% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>008019</td> <td>Dardi </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,669 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.07% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>010008</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">578 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>011016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,994 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.11% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>012003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,195 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>013071</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,007 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.20% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>014011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,214 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.32% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>015043</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,923 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.09% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>016038</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">167,602 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.12% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>020027</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,984 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.13% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>021046</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,214 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.13% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>022015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,702 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.18% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>024001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Afghani/Kabuli/Pashto</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">559 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>031011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Bauti</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,971 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.04% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>040001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">398 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>053005</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,063 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.41% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>055007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,195 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>073003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Ladakhi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">596 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>109005</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">613 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Others</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">91,117 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.69% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;" class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2">Total </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,378,538 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100.00% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Hindus of Jammu region are subdivided into various caste groups, and of them <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajputs</a> are the predominant ones. According to the 1941 census, 30% of them were Brahmin, 27% Rajput, 15% <a href="/wiki/Thakur_(title)" title="Thakur (title)">Thakkar</a>, 4% <a href="/wiki/Jat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat">Jat</a>, 8% <a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Khatri</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 8% <a href="/wiki/Bhagat" title="Bhagat">Megh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chamar" title="Chamar">Chamar</a> are the most common.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Other_Backward_Class" title="Other Backward Class">Other Backward Classes</a> comprises 32% of population in Jammu.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The districts of <a href="/wiki/Rajouri_district" title="Rajouri district">Rajouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poonch_district,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch district, India">Poonch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramban_district" title="Ramban district">Ramban</a> have a Muslim-majority population.<sup id="cite_ref-CEN2011_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEN2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Reasi_district" title="Reasi district">Reasi district</a> has an almost equal number of Muslims (49.7%) and Hindus (48.9%). The Muslim ethnic groups are, <a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gujjar</a> and Bakerwal in Poonch and Rajouri districts who are ethno-linguistically different from the Kashmiri Muslims. There is a substantial presence of Kashmiri Muslims in <a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramban_district" title="Ramban district">Ramban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda</a> districts. <a href="/wiki/Reasi_district" title="Reasi district">Reasi district</a> also has a significant population of Kashmiri Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-study_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-study-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Jammu_district" title="Jammu district">Jammu district</a> also has a significant population of <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_Hindus" title="Kashmiri Hindus">Kashmiri Hindus</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Jammu and Kashmir">List of cities in Jammu and Kashmir</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districts">Districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of April 2021, the Jammu Division consists of ten districts: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th rowspan="2">Name of district </th> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable">Headquarters </th> <th colspan="5">Area </th> <th rowspan="2">Population <br /> (2001)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Population <br /> (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">Religious Composition (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-:02_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Total <br /> (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th class="unsortable">Total <br /> (sq mile) </th> <th>Rural <br /> (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Urban <br /> (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th class="unsortable"> </th> <th>Hindu % </th> <th>Muslim % </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kathua_district" title="Kathua district">Kathua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kathua" title="Kathua">Kathua</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,502 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">966 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,458.84 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.16 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">550,084 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">615,711 </td> <td>87.6% </td> <td>10.4% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_district" title="Jammu district">Jammu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu (city)">Jammu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,342 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">904 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,089.87 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">252.13 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,343,756 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,526,406 </td> <td>84.3% </td> <td>7.5% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Samba_district" title="Samba district">Samba</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samba,_Jammu" class="mw-redirect" title="Samba, Jammu">Samba</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">904 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">349 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">865.24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.76 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">245,016 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">318,611 </td> <td>86.3% </td> <td>7.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Udhampur_district" title="Udhampur district">Udhampur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Udhampur" title="Udhampur">Udhampur</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,637 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,018 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,593.28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.72 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">475,068 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">555,357 </td> <td>88.1% </td> <td>10.8% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Reasi_district" title="Reasi district">Reasi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reasi" title="Reasi">Reasi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,719 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">664 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,679.99 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.01 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">268,441 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">314,714 </td> <td>48.9% </td> <td>49.7% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajouri_district" title="Rajouri district">Rajouri</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajouri" title="Rajouri">Rajouri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,630 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,015 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,608.11 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.89 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">483,284 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">619,266 </td> <td>34.5% </td> <td>62.7% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Poonch_district,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir">Poonch</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poonch_(town)" title="Poonch (town)">Poonch</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,674 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">646 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,649.92 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.08 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">372,613 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">476,820 </td> <td>6.8% </td> <td>90.5% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doda,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Doda, Jammu and Kashmir">Doda</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,625 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,014 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,617.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.00 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">320,256 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">409,576 </td> <td>45.8% </td> <td>53.8% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramban_district" title="Ramban district">Ramban</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramban_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramban (Jammu and Kashmir)">Ramban</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,329 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">513 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,313.92 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.08 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">180,830 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">283,313 </td> <td>28.6% </td> <td>70.7% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar" title="Kishtwar">Kishtwar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,737 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,987 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,732.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.00 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" rowspan="2">190,843 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" rowspan="2">231,037 </td> <td rowspan="2">40.7% </td> <td rowspan="2">57.8% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>During the Maharaja's reign before the Independence and Partition of India (and of Jammu and Kashmir), the following districts were also part of Jammu region: Bhimber, Kotli, Mirpur, Poonch (Western parts), Haveli, Bagh and Sudhnati. Today these districts are part of <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Pakistan Administered Jammu and Kashmir</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major political parties in the region are the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">National Conference</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party">Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_National_Panthers_Party" title="Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party">Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party</a>. </p><p>Various sections of the society in the region including the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> have been advocating the separation of Jammu region from Kashmir and its inclusion as a distinct entity into the Indian Union, citing largely Kashmir-centric policies in the existing state and neglect of the Jammu region by successive Kashmir dominated administrations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2020, the organisation <a href="/wiki/Ikkjutt_Jammu" title="Ikkjutt Jammu">IkkJutt Jammu</a> was launched as a party and demanded Jammu division be separated and given statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The then social organisation IkkJutt Jammu campaigned against the <a href="/wiki/Roshni_Act" title="Roshni Act">Roshni Act</a>, which was declared unconstitutional by the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir High Court">Jammu and Kashmir High Court</a> in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The present arrangement of legislative assembly seats (46 in Kashmir and 37 in Jammu) deprives Jammu region an equal say in decision-making process. This has been the main point of contention behind the strong regional divide. There have been repeated demands for the constitution of a Delimitation Commission to address issues related to electoral arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After changing the status of the state to Union territory, the Government announced setting up of Delimitation Commission with retired Supreme Court judge Ranjana Prakash Desai as its chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Jammu Chamber of Commerce & Industry</b> is an apex body of traders, industrialists and those associated with commercial activities in the Jammu division.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jammu is known for its landscape, ancient temples, <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> shrines, <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Mandi_Palace" title="Mubarak Mandi Palace">Mubarak Mandi Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amar_Mahal_Palace" title="Amar Mahal Palace">Amar Mahal Palace</a> (a castle type) now a Museum, gardens and <a href="/wiki/Forts" class="mw-redirect" title="Forts">forts</a>. Hindu holy shrine Vaishno Devi attracts tens of thousands of Hindu devotees every year. Jammu's natural landscape has made it one of the most favoured destinations for adventure tourism<sup id="cite_ref-bhaderwah.com_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhaderwah.com-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in South Asia. Jammu's historic monuments feature a unique blend of Islamic and Hindu architecture styles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purmandal">Purmandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Purmandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=PURMANDAL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PURMANDAL (page does not exist)">PURMANDAL</a>, also known as <i>Chhota Kashi</i> or <i>Kashi of Jammu</i> , is located 35 km from Jammu city. An ancient holy place, it has several temples of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> and other deities. On <a href="/wiki/Shivratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivratri">Shivratri</a>, the town wears a festive look and for three days as people celebrate the marriage of Lord Shiva to Goddess <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vaishno_Devi_shrine">Vaishno Devi shrine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vaishno Devi shrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi" title="Vaishno Devi">Vaishno Devi</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaishno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Vaishno.jpg/250px-Vaishno.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Vaishno.jpg/375px-Vaishno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Vaishno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi_shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishno Devi shrine">Vaishno Devi shrine</a> attracts millions of Hindu devotees every year</figcaption></figure> <p>The town of <a href="/wiki/Katra,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Katra, Jammu and Kashmir">Katra</a>, which is 48 km (30 mi) from Jammu, contains the Vaishno Devi shrine. Nestling on top of the <a href="/wiki/Trikuta_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Trikuta Hills">Trikuta Hills</a> at a height of 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) is the sacred cave shrine of Vaishno Devi, the mother <a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">goddess</a>. The cave is 30 metres (98 ft) long and just 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) high. At the end of the cave are shrines dedicated to the three forms of the mother goddess — <a href="/wiki/Mahakali" title="Mahakali">Mahakali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahalakshmi">Mahalakshmi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarasvati" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarasvati">Mahasarasvati</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pilgrims" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrims">Pilgrims</a> start trekking to the cave temple, which is 13 km (8.1 mi) from Katra, enter in small groups through a narrow opening and walk through ice-cold waters to reach the shrines. According to legend, the mother goddess hid in the cave while escaping a demon whom she ultimately killed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nandini_Wildlife_Sanctuary">Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary is in an area of thick forests teeming with wildlife. It is a renowned natural habitat for a significant population of pheasants. Among the other avifauna are <a href="/wiki/Indian_mynah" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian mynah">Indian mynah</a>, blue <a href="/wiki/Rock_dove" title="Rock dove">rock pigeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_peafowl" title="Indian peafowl">Indian peafowl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_junglefowl" title="Red junglefowl">red junglefowl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheer_pheasant" title="Cheer pheasant">cheer pheasant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chukar_partridge" title="Chukar partridge">chakor</a>. </p><p>Spread over an area of 34 km<sup>2</sup> (13 sq mi), the sanctuary is rich in fauna and provides refuge to a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a>, chiefly <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_monkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhesus monkey">rhesus monkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharal" title="Bharal">bharal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grey_langur" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey langur">grey langur</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sukrala_Mata_Mandir">Sukrala Mata Mandir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sukrala Mata Mandir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sukrala_Mata_Mandir" title="Sukrala Mata Mandir">Sukrala Mata Mandir</a></div> <p>This is an important Mandir of Jammu region dedicated to Goddess Sukrala, a manifestation of Goddess Sharada of Kashmir. It is located in Sukrala village near <a href="/wiki/Billawar" title="Billawar">Billawar</a> town in <a href="/wiki/Kathua_district" title="Kathua district">Kathua district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mansar_Lake">Mansar Lake</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mansar Lake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mansar_Lake" title="Mansar Lake">Mansar Lake</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jammu_division" title="Special:EditPage/Jammu division">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Situated 62 km from Jammu, <a href="/wiki/Mansar_Lake" title="Mansar Lake">Mansar Lake</a> is a lake fringed by forest-covered hills, over a mile long by half a mile wide. <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jammu_division&params=32_41_46_N_75_08_49_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°41′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°08′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.69611°N 75.14694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.69611; 75.14694</span></span></span></a></span></span> Besides being an excursion destination in Jammu, it is also a holy site, sharing the legend and sanctity of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Manasarovar" title="Lake Manasarovar">Lake Manasarovar</a>. </p><p>On the eastern bank of Mansar Lake is a shrine dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Shesha" title="Shesha">Shesha</a>, a mythological snake with six heads. The shrine comprises a big boulder on which are placed a number of iron chains perhaps representing the small serpents waiting on the tutelary deity of Shesha. Newlyweds consider it auspicious to perform three circumambulations (<i>Parikarma</i>) around the lake to seek the blessings of Shesha. </p><p>Two ancient temples of Umapati Mahadev and Narasimha and a temple of Durga are situated in the vicinity of the Mansar Lake and which are visited by devotees in large numbers. People take a holy dip in the water of the lake on festive occasions. Certain communities of Hindus perform the <a href="/wiki/Mundan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mundan">Mundan</a> ceremony (first haircut) of their male children here. </p><p>Mansar Lake also has boating facilities provided by the Tourism Department. </p><p>With all the religious belief and heritage behind the Mansar Lake, it is also famous among tourists with all its <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The lake is circled by an illuminated, with viewing decks to observe seasonal birds, <a href="/wiki/Tortoise" title="Tortoise">tortoise</a>, and fishes of different species. A wildlife sanctuary houses jungle life, including spotted deer, neelgai, and water birds such as cranes and ducks. One can also witness the traditional and typical distinct lifestyle of <a href="/wiki/Gujjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujjar">Gujjar</a> and Backarwals wearing ethnic costumes, living in open Kullhas in the hills around Mansar Lake. </p><p>The Mansar Lake road joins to another important road that directly links <a href="/wiki/Pathankot" title="Pathankot">Pathankot</a> to <a href="/wiki/Udhampur" title="Udhampur">Udhampur</a>. Udhampur is a town of strategic importance, on National Highway No. 1A. The shortcut road from Mansar or Samba to Udhampur by-pass the Jammu town. Surinsar Lake, a smaller lake that is linked to Mansar, is 24 km (15 mi) from Jammu via the by-pass road. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahu_Fort">Bahu Fort</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bahu Fort"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bahu_Fort" title="Bahu Fort">Bahu Fort</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahu_Fort,_Jammu,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bahu_Fort%2C_Jammu%2C_India.jpg/250px-Bahu_Fort%2C_Jammu%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bahu_Fort%2C_Jammu%2C_India.jpg/375px-Bahu_Fort%2C_Jammu%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bahu_Fort%2C_Jammu%2C_India.jpg/500px-Bahu_Fort%2C_Jammu%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bahu_Fort" title="Bahu Fort">Bahu Fort</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bahu Fort, which also serves as a religious temple, is situated about 5 km from Jammu city on a rock face on the left bank of the river Tawi. This is perhaps the oldest fort and edifice in Jammu city. Constructed originally by Raja Bahulochan over 3000 years ago, the fort was improved and rebuilt by Dogra rulers. Inside the fort is a temple dedicated to the Goddess <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a>, popularly known as <i>Bave Wali Mata</i>, the presiding deity of Jammu. Every Tuesday and Sunday pilgrims throng this temple and partake in "Tawi flowing worship". Today the fort is surrounded by a terraced garden which is a favourite <a href="/wiki/Picnic" title="Picnic">picnic</a> spot of the city folk.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Bagh-e-Bahu</i>, located on the banks of Tawi river, is a Mughal-age garden. It gives a nice view of the old city and Tawi river. There is a small canteen on one side of the garden. </p><p>On the by-pass road behind Bahu Fort, the city forest surrounds the ancient <a href="/wiki/Mahamaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahamaya">Mahamaya</a> Temple overlooking the river Tawi. A small garden surrounded by acres of woods provides a commanding view of the city. </p><p>Opposite the Bahu Fort, overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">River Tawi</a> is a temple dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Mahamaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahamaya">Mahamaya</a> of Dogra descent, who lost her life fourteen centuries ago fighting foreign invaders. The present temple of Bawey Wali Mata was built shortly after the coronation of <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Gulab_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Gulab Singh">Maharaja Gulab Singh</a>, in 1822. It is also known as the temple of <a href="/wiki/Mahakali" title="Mahakali">Mahakali</a> and the goddess is considered second only to Mata Vaishno Devi in terms of mystical power. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raghunath_Temple">Raghunath Temple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Raghunath Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Temple" title="Raghunath Temple">Raghunath Temple</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raghunath_Temple_Jammu.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Raghunath_Temple_Jammu.JPG/150px-Raghunath_Temple_Jammu.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Raghunath_Temple_Jammu.JPG/225px-Raghunath_Temple_Jammu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Raghunath_Temple_Jammu.JPG/300px-Raghunath_Temple_Jammu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Temple" title="Raghunath Temple">Raghunath Temple</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Amongst the temples in Jammu, the <b><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Temple" title="Raghunath Temple">Raghunath Temple</a></b> takes pride of place being situated right in the heart of the city. This temple is situated at the city center and was built in 1857. Work on the temple was started by Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Gulab_Singh" title="Gulab Singh">Gulab Singh</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">State of Jammu and Kashmir</a>, in 1835 CE and was completed by his son Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Ranbir_Singh_(Maharaja)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranbir Singh (Maharaja)">Ranbir Singh</a> in 1860 CE. The inner walls of the main temple are covered with gold sheet on three sides. There are many galleries with hundreds of thousands of <a href="/wiki/Shaligram" title="Shaligram">shaligrams</a>. The surrounding Temples are dedicated to various Gods and Goddesses connected with the epic <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>. This temple consists of seven shrines, each with a tower of its own. It is the largest temple complex in northern India. Though 130 years old, the complex is remarkable for sacred scriptures, one of the richest collections of ancient texts and manuscripts in its library. Its arches, surface, and niches are undoubtedly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal architecture</a> while the interiors of the temple are plated with gold. The main sanctuary is dedicated to Lord <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>'s eighth incarnation and Dogras' patron deity, <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>. It also houses a <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> Library containing rare <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> manuscripts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peer_Kho_Cave">Peer Kho Cave</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Peer Kho Cave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alongside the same Tawi river are the <b>Peer Kho Cave</b> temple, the <b>Panchbakhtar temple</b> and the <b>Ranbireshwar temple</b> dedicated to Lord <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> with their own legends and specific days of worship. Peer Kho cave is located on the bank of river Tawi and it is widely believed that <a href="/wiki/Ramayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramayan">Ramayan</a> character <a href="/wiki/Jambavantha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jambavantha">Jamvant</a> (the bear god) meditated in this cave. The Ranbireshwar Temple has twelve Shiva <a href="/wiki/Lingams" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingams">lingams</a> of crystal measuring 300 mm (12 in) to 460 mm (18 in) and galleries with thousands of <i>shaligrams</i> fixed on stone slabs. Located on the Shalimar Road near the New Secretariat, and built by Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Ranbir_Singh_(Maharaja)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranbir Singh (Maharaja)">Ranbir Singh</a> in 1883 CE. It has one central lingam measuring 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) in height and twelve Shiva lingams of crystal measuring from 150 to 380 mm (5.9 to 15.0 in) and galleries with thousands of Shiva lingams fixed on stone slabs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shivkhori">Shivkhori</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Shivkhori"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shivkhori" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivkhori">Shivkhori</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shivkhori_cave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shivkhori_cave.JPG/200px-Shivkhori_cave.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shivkhori_cave.JPG/300px-Shivkhori_cave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shivkhori_cave.JPG/400px-Shivkhori_cave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The Shivkhori cave</figcaption></figure> <p>The cave shrine of <b>Shivkhori</b>, situated in Reasi District of Jammu and Kashmir, depicts the natural formation of shivlingum.<sup id="cite_ref-shivkhori.in_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shivkhori.in-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the most venerated cave shrines of Lord Shiva in the region. The holy cave is approximately 150 m (490 ft) long, and contains "4 ft (1.2 m) high Svayambhu Lingum, which constantly baths in a milky lime fluid dripping from the ceiling."<sup id="cite_ref-shivkhori.in_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shivkhori.in-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first entrance of the cave is so wide that 300 devotees can be accommodated at a time. Its cavern is spacious enough to accommodate a large number of people. The inner chamber of the cave is smaller. The cave has many natural impressions and images of various Hindu deities and full of divine feelings. That is why Shivkhori is known as "the Home of Gods". </p><p>A 3-day Shiv Khori mela takes places annually on Maha Shivratri and thousands of pilgrims from different parts of the state and elsewhere visit this cave shrine to seek the blessings of Lord Shiva. The Maha Shivratri festival is usually held in February or during the first week of March every year. Keeping in view the increasing rush of pilgrims to the holy cave shrine, the Shiv Khori Shrine Board has taken up a number of steps to develop this spot in a bid to provide more and more facilities to the devotees, like the construction of a Shrine Guest House at a cost of Rs. 19 lakh at village Ransoo, the base camp of yatra, a reception centre and pony shed at an estimated cost of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>7.959 million</span> (US$95,000), tile work of entire a 3-kilometre-long (1.9 mi) track is nearing completion, plantation of ornamental and medicinal plants on track and development of parks etc. Other arrangements like electrification of the cave with modern techniques, provision of oxygen and electric generators, exhaust fans, construction of shelter sheds for travellers with toilet facilities near the cave site, 15 shelter sheds en route Ransoo to cave shrine, railing from the base camp to cave, additional facility of 15,000/EfnrKing water reservoir, proper sanitation, provision of 25 kV capacity electric transformer, clock room, starting of permanent bus services from Katra, Udhampur, and Jammu, police post and dispensary and an STD PCO are under active consideration of the Shiv Khori Shrine Development Board. </p><p>Recently, the management and development of the Shiv Khori have been taken over by Sri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board who is looking after Vaishno Devi pilgrimage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Machail_Mata">Machail Mata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Machail Mata"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Machail_Mata" title="Machail Mata">Machail Mata</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Machail_Mata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Machail_Mata.jpg/200px-Machail_Mata.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Machail_Mata.jpg/300px-Machail_Mata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Machail_Mata.jpg/400px-Machail_Mata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Machel_Mata" class="mw-redirect" title="Machel Mata">Machail Mata</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Machail_Mata" title="Machail Mata">Machail Mata</a> The Chandi Maa temple is located in the village Machel, District Kishtwar, Jammu Region. The place is about 290 km (180 mi) from Jammu. During 'Chhadi Yatra', thousands of people visit the shrine. The pilgrimage happens in the month of August only every year. The shrine was visited in 1981 by Thakur Kulveer Singh of Bhaderwah, Jammu region. From 1987 onwards, Thakur Kulveer Singh started 'Chhadi Yatra'that happens every year and thousands of people visit the shrine every year during 'Chhadi Yatra'. To reach the shrine, a lot of travel agents arrange buses from Jammu, Udhampur, Ramnagar, Bhaderwah. One can also hire a cab as well. It takes approximately 10 hours by road from Jammu to Gulabgarh. The Gulabgarh is the base camp. From Gulabgarh, the foot journey starts, that is 32 km. Usually, people take 2 days to reach the shrine by foot. On the way, there are many villages, where one can stay the night but the chaddi takes three days to reach Machel. Many people organise roadside 'langers' (free food points) on the way to the Gulabgarh. The government of Jammu and Kashmir also arranges basic amenities for the pilgrims. </p><p>Another means of reaching the shrine is by helicopter from Jammu and Gulabgarh. The helipad is only 100 m (330 ft) from the shrine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_centres_and_attractions">City centres and attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: City centres and attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the major attractions of Jammu is a revolving restaurant named Falak, located on the top of the hotel KC Residency. Ragunath Bazar is the main tourist and shopping districts of the city. The locality of Gandhi Nagar hosts the market areas of Gole Market, on Apsara Road. On any pleasant evening, one can take a stroll in Green Belt Park alongside the magnificent bungalows that adorn Green Belt Road. Rajinder Park on Canal Road is a new development. This park is situated between two canals and features a large fountain which is lit up at night. A children's area is located next to the park. </p><p>The city has "Big Bazaar" at Jewel Chowk as one of the shopping centres. A shopping mall named as 'Wave - The Wave Mall' is popular. There is one more shopping mall named as Palm Island near Canal Road. Also, a complex and a new age commercial hub by the name of Bahu-Plaza in Trikuta Nagar area is a common hangout spot for youngsters and young professionals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most of the corporate sector and most of the mobile phone companies like <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Airtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSNL" class="mw-redirect" title="BSNL">BSNL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aircel" title="Aircel">Aircel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tata_Indicom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Indicom">Tata Indicom</a> are based in the Bahu Plaza complex. There are many cinema halls, the best out of those are KC Cineplex, Wave Cinema, Palm Cinema, etc. A PVR is also there near KC Cineplex. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jammu is known for its chocolate <a href="/wiki/Barfi" title="Barfi">barfi</a>, sund <a href="/wiki/Panjeeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Panjeeri">panjeeri</a>, patisa and its exotic local food. <a href="/wiki/Rajma" title="Rajma">Rajma</a> with rice is one of the specialty dishes of Jammu. Another is <span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">kalaadi</span></span>, which is a processed cheese made by adding calf rennet in the buffalo milk. <a href="/wiki/Fiddlehead" title="Fiddlehead">Fiddlehead</a> Fern also known as <span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">kasrod</span></span> is a GI Tagged item from he division and is highly prized for its taste and medicinal values and is often consumed as vegetable or pickle. <a href="/wiki/Kohlrabi" title="Kohlrabi">Kohlrabi</a> knows as <span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">kaddam</span></span> in jammu is also a speciality product and its stew is eaten with rice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kalari">Kalari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Kalari"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kalari_cheese" title="Kalari cheese">Kalari cheese</a> is specialty made in the Ramnagar region of Jammu is famous all over the state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Dogri food specialties include ambal, khatta meat, kulthein di dal, dal patt, maa da madra, rajma, and <span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">auriya</span></span>. Pickles typical of Jammu are made of kasrod, <span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">girgle</span></span>, mango with saunf, zimikand, <span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">tyaoo</span></span>, <span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">seyoo</span></span>, and potatoes. Auriya is a dish made with potatoes. During weddings it is typical to make kayoor and sund. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals_of_Jammu">Festivals of Jammu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Festivals of Jammu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lohri">Lohri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lohri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Happy_Lohri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Happy_Lohri.jpg/100px-Happy_Lohri.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Happy_Lohri.jpg/150px-Happy_Lohri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Happy_Lohri.jpg/200px-Happy_Lohri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Lohri bonfire</figcaption></figure> <p>This festival heralds the culmination of cold weather<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is celebrated a day before <a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a>. In rural areas, it is customary for young boys to go around asking for gifts from newlyweds and parents of newborns. </p><p>Lohri in <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogra</a> households of Jammu is special because of various additional traditions associated with it like <i>Chajja</i> making, <i>Hiran Dance, Dandaraas</i> and preparing Lohri garlands. </p><p>Young children prepare a replica of peacock which is known as <i>Chajja</i><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>.</i> They carry this <i>Chajja</i> and then go from one house to other house celebrating Lohri. A special dance is performed using this <i>Chajja</i> on the occasion of <a href="/wiki/Lohri" title="Lohri">Lohri</a>. It makes a striking picture to see boys along with their <i>Chajjas</i> elaborately decorated with coloured paper and flowers dance on the street in a procession. The whole atmosphere of Jammu comes alive with pulsating drumbeats.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides, dancing boys strike sticks on rhythm of a drum as in <i>Raslila</i>. This is known as <i>Dandaraas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pathik_1980_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pathik_1980-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In and around Jammu, special <i>Hiran Dance</i> is performed. Dancers disguise themselves as deer and dance on tune of <i>Hirana</i> songs. They visit selected houses which have auspicious ceremonies & have prepared eatables.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children wear special garlands made of groundnuts, dry fruits and candies on Lohri day. Special eatable is prepared using sesame, rice and groundnuts which is known as <i>Tilcholi</i>. Pageant of <a href="/wiki/Sassui_Punnhun" title="Sassui Punnhun">Sassi-Punnu</a>, two lovers of <a href="/wiki/Sindhis" title="Sindhis">Sindhi</a> folk tradition are also taken out on camels during the festival.<sup id="cite_ref-Pathik_1980_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pathik_1980-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next day, the whole region wears a festive look on <a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a>. Thousands take a dip in the holy river <i><a href="/wiki/Havan" class="mw-redirect" title="Havan">Havan</a> Yajnas</i> are performed in nearly every house and temple in Jammu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uttarain_or_Maghi_Sangrand_(Makar_Sankranti)"><span id="Uttarain_or_Maghi_Sangrand_.28Makar_Sankranti.29"></span>Uttarain or Maghi Sangrand (Makar Sankranti)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Uttarain or Maghi Sangrand (Makar Sankranti)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Jammu, <i>Makar Sankranti</i> is celebrated as <i>Uttarain</i> (derived from Sanskrit: <a href="/wiki/Uttarayana" title="Uttarayana">Uttarayana</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, terms <i>Attrain</i> or <i>Attrani</i> have also been used to describe this festival. A day before Lohri is celebrated by <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogras</a> to commemorate end of <i>Poh</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pausha" title="Pausha">Pausha</a>) month.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also beginning the <a href="/wiki/Magha_(month)" title="Magha (month)">Magha</a> month as per Hindu Solar Calendar, hence also known as <i>Maghi Sangrand</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sankranti" title="Sankranti">Sankranti</a> of <i>Magh</i> month). </p><p>Among <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogras</a>, there is a tradition of <i>Mansana</i> (charity) of <a href="/wiki/Khichdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khichdi">Khichdi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Urad_dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Urad dal">Maah Dal</a>. <i>Khichdi</i> of <i>Maah di Dal</i> is also prepared on this day and that is why this day is also referred to as '<i>Khichdi wala Parva</i>'. There is also a tradition of sending <i>Khichdi</i> & other food items to house of married daughters. Fairs are organised on holy places and pligrimages on this day.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dhagwal in <a href="/wiki/Hiranagar_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiranagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Hiranagar</a> tehsil is known for Fair on <i>Makar Sankranti</i> and <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janamashtami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People of Jammu also take holy bath in Devika river and pilgrimages like <i>Uttar Behni</i> and <a href="/wiki/Purmandal" title="Purmandal">Purmandal</a> on this occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This day is also celebrated as birth anniversary of Baba Ambo ji, a local deity of Jammu region.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Vasuki temple of <a href="/wiki/Bhaderwah" title="Bhaderwah">Bhaderwah</a> of Jammu, the idols of Vasuki Nag are covered on <i><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Magh Sankranti</a></i> and they are uncovered only after three months on <a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi"><i>Vaisakha Sankranti</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bhugga_(Sankashti_Chaturthi)"><span id="Bhugga_.28Sankashti_Chaturthi.29"></span>Bhugga (Sankashti Chaturthi)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bhugga (Sankashti Chaturthi)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This festival is celebrated on fourth day of <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna Paksha">Krishna Paksha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Magha_(month)" title="Magha (month)">Magha</a> month of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu Calendar</a>. It is celebrated in reverence to Hindu God <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> and is also known as <a href="/wiki/Sankashti_Chaturthi" title="Sankashti Chaturthi">Sankashti Chaturthi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogra</a> women perform <i>Arghya</i> to <a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandrama</a> at night. <i>Bhugga</i> (Til Jaggery mixture) and Radish are donated and eaten to complete the fast.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basant_Panchami">Basant Panchami</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Basant Panchami"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Basant Panchami</a> festival is dedicated for worship of <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Goddess Saraswati</a>, the goddess of learning, arts and music and for welcoming <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring Season</a>. People wear yellow or saffron or orange colored clothes on this day. <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a> colored food items are prepared and offered as <a href="/wiki/Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">Naivedhya</a> to Goddess Saraswati.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People sing folk songs like Aayi Basant, Paala Udant<i>'.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This day is also special for <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogras</a> because on Basant Panchami of year 1944, <b>Dogri Sanstha</b> came into existence.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kan_Chauth_(Gauri_Chaturthi)"><span id="Kan_Chauth_.28Gauri_Chaturthi.29"></span>Kan Chauth (Gauri Chaturthi)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Kan Chauth (Gauri Chaturthi)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is observed on fourth day of <a href="/wiki/Shukla_Paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shukla Paksha">Shukla Paksha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Magha_(month)" title="Magha (month)">Magha</a> month of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu Calendar</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the hill districts & tehsils of Jammu Division especially <a href="/wiki/Bhaderwah" title="Bhaderwah">Bhaderwah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramban_district" title="Ramban district">Ramban</a>. A day before <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Gauri</a> <a href="/wiki/Tritiya" title="Tritiya">Tritiya</a> is also observed by some communities. This festival is observed by married woman similar to <a href="/wiki/Karva_Chauth" title="Karva Chauth">Karwa Chauth</a>, only difference being fast is completed here after <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Gauri</a> <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a> in the day. Goddess Gauri is worshipped for long life and health of husbands by women. The festivity remains for three days. During these three days, ladies go in the neighborhood to offer ‘<i>Thel</i>’ (respect) to other women and get in return their blessing ‘<i>Suhagan Bho</i>’ (Live long your husband).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holi">Holi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Holi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a> is celebrated in traditional way in Jammu. On the eve of Holi, <a href="/wiki/Holika_Dahan" title="Holika Dahan">Holika Dahan</a> is performed. The next day people enjoy by playing with colors.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier people used to decorate themselves using special headgears which were prepared using colored papers and silver ribbons. These were known as <i>Patangi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jerath_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerath-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 75">: 75 </span></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogra</a> sweet dish <i>Khaste</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Gujia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujia">Gujjiya</a>) is prepared on this day. A three-day fair is organised at Narsingh Dev temple in <a href="/wiki/Kathua_district" title="Kathua district">Kathua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ram_Naumi_(Rama_Navami)"><span id="Ram_Naumi_.28Rama_Navami.29"></span>Ram Naumi (Rama Navami)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Ram Naumi (Rama Navami)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a>, the birth of <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Shri Rama</a> is celebrated with religious fervour & gaiety all across Jammu. The day also coincides with culmination of nine-day long <a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratra</a> festival. Special function on Rama Navami is held in the historical <a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Temple" title="Raghunath Temple">Raghunath Temple</a> in Jammu city where large number of devotees pay their obeisance to <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Lord Rama</a>. Even during Dogra rule, the rulers would personally visit Raghunath Mandir and offer worship to Shri Rama, their patron deity. Besides, worship and offerings to the deity inside the temple, there are a number of discourses on <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Bhagwan Ram's</a> life and <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On this auspicious occasion, <b>Shobha Yatra</b> is taken out. Images of <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Shri Rama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Mata Sita</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshman</a> and number of tableaux depicting scenes from <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> are taken out in a grogeous procession. Devotees shower flower petals on the Shobha Yatra. Number of market unions and Hindu organisations, organise <a href="/wiki/Bhandara_(community_kitchen)" title="Bhandara (community kitchen)">Bhandaras</a> on this occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basoa_(Vishuva)_or_Baisakhi_(Mesha_Sankranti)"><span id="Basoa_.28Vishuva.29_or_Baisakhi_.28Mesha_Sankranti.29"></span>Basoa (Vishuva) or Baisakhi (Mesha Sankranti)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Basoa (Vishuva) or Baisakhi (Mesha Sankranti)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <a href="/wiki/Baisakhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Baisakhi">Baisakhi</a> is taken from the first month of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu Vikram calendar</a>. It is celebrated on the first day of <a href="/wiki/Vaisakh" title="Vaisakh">Vaisakh</a> month and marks the day of <a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as '<i><b>Basoa</b></i>'<sup id="cite_ref-Ḍogarī-Hindī-śabdakośa_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ḍogarī-Hindī-śabdakośa-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a>. </p><p>On this day, devotees get up early in the morning, throng the rivers, canals, and ponds and take a ritual dip every year on this occasion. In <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogra</a> households, a <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a> is performed afterwards and part of food crop is offered to the deities. New fruit of the year is enjoyed on this day.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeratha_1998_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeratha_1998-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Ritual Bath at <a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">Tawi</a> river during Baisakhi is common in Jammu.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baisakhi is celebrated at <a href="/wiki/Udhampur_district" title="Udhampur district">Udhampur</a> on the bank of Devika river where for three days devotees enjoy the folk songs. At <b>Sudhmahadev</b>, this festival is celebrated with great pomp and show where folk singers come down and a competition of folk songs is held. Vendors generally install their shops and stalls of eatables.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeratha_1998_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeratha_1998-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many people go to the Nagbani temple to witness the grand New Year celebration.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baisakhi is also considered "harvest festival" and considered auspicious, especially for marriages. Celebrations of Baisakhi also include <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogri</a> Bhangra<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is closely related to Punjabi variant, with respect to actions, costumes and songs.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The occasion is marked by numerous fairs and people come by the thousands to celebrate Baisakhi. For example, Airwan in <a href="/wiki/Kathua_district" title="Kathua district">Kathua</a> is known for Baisakhi fair attended by 10,000 people as per Census 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every year on Baisakhi festival around 15,000 pilgrims pay their obeisance at 700 tear old temple of Subar Nag Devta temple in <a href="/wiki/Bhaderwah" title="Bhaderwah">Bhaderwah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other places where Baisakhi fairs are held are <a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda</a> Bridge and <a href="/wiki/Ramban,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Ramban, Jammu and Kashmir">Ramban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahu_Mela_(March–April_and_September–October)"><span id="Bahu_Mela_.28March.E2.80.93April_and_September.E2.80.93October.29"></span>Bahu Mela (March–April and September–October)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Bahu Mela (March–April and September–October)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A major festival is held at the <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a> Temple in Bahu Fort twice a year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chaitre_Chaudash_(March–April)"><span id="Chaitre_Chaudash_.28March.E2.80.93April.29"></span>Chaitre Chaudash (March–April)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Chaitre Chaudash (March–April)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chaitre Chaudash is celebrated at Uttar Behni and Purmandal, about 25 km (16 mi) and 28 km (17 mi) from Jammu respectively. Uttar Behni gets its name from the fact that the Devak River (locally also known as Gupt Ganga) flows here in the northerly direction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purmandal_Mela_(February–March)"><span id="Purmandal_Mela_.28February.E2.80.93March.29"></span>Purmandal Mela (February–March)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Purmandal Mela (February–March)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Purmandal is 39 km (24 mi) from Jammu city. On <a href="/wiki/Shivratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivratri">Shivratri</a> the town wears a festive look for three days as people celebrate the marriage of Lord Shiva to the Goddess <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>. The people of Jammu also come out in their colourful best to celebrate Shivratri at Peer Khoh Cave Temple, the Ranbireshwar Temple, and the Panjbhaktar Temple. In fact, if one visits Jammu during <a href="/wiki/Shivratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivratri">Shivratri</a>, one finds a celebration going on almost everywhere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dhamdeh_(Dharma_Dhihada_-_Aashada_Sankranti)_&_Nirjala_Ekadashi"><span id="Dhamdeh_.28Dharma_Dhihada_-_Aashada_Sankranti.29_.26_Nirjala_Ekadashi"></span>Dhamdeh (Dharma Dhihada - Aashada Sankranti) & Nirjala Ekadashi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Dhamdeh (Dharma Dhihada - Aashada Sankranti) & Nirjala Ekadashi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both of these festivals are celebrated similarly. <i>Dhamdeh</i> also known as <i>Dharma</i> <i>Dhihada</i> or <i>Dharma Divas</i> is celebrated on <a href="/wiki/Sankranti" title="Sankranti">Sankranti</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ashadha" title="Ashadha">Aashadha</a> month.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People take a ritual bath and perform <i>Mansana</i> (charity) of <a href="/wiki/Hand_fan" title="Hand fan">hand fans</a>, water pitchers and seasonal fruits like <a href="/wiki/Melon" title="Melon">melons</a>. These donations are made in name of <i>Pitras</i> (ancestors).<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major celebration is people offering sweet water drinks and food to poor and needy.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar rituals are observed on <a href="/wiki/Nirjala_Ekadashi" title="Nirjala Ekadashi">Nirjala Ekadashi</a> ( celebrated on <a href="/wiki/Jyeshtha_(month)" title="Jyeshtha (month)">Jyestha</a> <a href="/wiki/Shukla_Paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shukla Paksha">Shukla</a> <a href="/wiki/Ekadashi" title="Ekadashi">Ekadashi</a>) where in addition a strict <a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a> is observed in honour of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Lord Vishnu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nirmohī_1988_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nirmohī_1988-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rutt_Raahde_&_Sakolade_(Shravana_Sankranti)"><span id="Rutt_Raahde_.26_Sakolade_.28Shravana_Sankranti.29"></span>Rutt Raahde & Sakolade (Shravana Sankranti)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Rutt Raahde & Sakolade (Shravana Sankranti)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rutt Raahde</i> is a festival celebrated by <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogra</a> women of all ages from <a href="/wiki/Ashadha" title="Ashadha">Aashada</a> <a href="/wiki/Sankranti" title="Sankranti">Sankranti</a> to <a href="/wiki/Shraavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Shraavana">Shravana</a> <a href="/wiki/Sankranti" title="Sankranti">Sankranti</a>. The last day i.e. Shravana Sankranti is referred to as <i>Sakolade</i> or <i>Minjraan</i>. Young girls and women collect necks of broken earthen pitchers and insert them into ground. Seeds of <a href="/wiki/Kharif_crop" title="Kharif crop">Kharif crops</a> are sown inside these pitchers. These are known as <i>Raahde</i> which are then decorated with <a href="/wiki/Rangoli" title="Rangoli">rangoli patterns</a> using natural colors. Every Sunday, women would assemble and sing folk songs and enjoy eatables like <i>Rutt</i>, <i>Gheur</i> & <i>Pudas</i>, at the site where <i>Raahde</i> are inserted. On the last day of festival i.e. <i>Badda Rutt</i>, women would again assemble, sing folk songs, enjoy eatables and finally immerse the <i>Raahde</i> in water bodies. The final day i.e. Shravana Sankranti is also known as <i>Sakolade</i> (named after the ear ornaments that are worn during this day.) In parts of Himachal, <i>Sakolade</i> are also referred to as <i>Minjraan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thongren_Da_Vrat_(Krishna_Janmashtami)"><span id="Thongren_Da_Vrat_.28Krishna_Janmashtami.29"></span>Thongren Da Vrat (Krishna Janmashtami)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Thongren Da Vrat (Krishna Janmashtami)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a> is also referred to as <i>Thongren</i> <i>Da Vrat</i>, meaning <a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a> for Thakur (<a href="/wiki/Lord_Krishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Krishna">Lord Krishna</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Ḍogarī-Hindī-śabdakośa_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ḍogarī-Hindī-śabdakośa-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fast is observed in honour of Sri Krishna by adults, while kids & youngsters enjoy <a href="/wiki/Kite-Flying" class="mw-redirect" title="Kite-Flying">Kite flying</a> on this day. Girls and women decorate their palms by applying <i>Teera,</i> dye of an indigenous plant.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some families have tradition of keeping cereal grains in name of <i>Kul</i> <i>Devtas</i>, <i>Pitras</i> (ancestors) & family members. This is known as <i>Deyaa Parna</i>. These cereal grains are then offered to wood of a holy tree called <i>Jhand.</i> This is known as <i>Jhand</i> <i>Puja</i>. The wood is covered in sacred cloth called <i>shoaath</i>. Clay sculptures of a couple and their children are placed on the cloth, and are worshipped. They are offered <i><a href="/wiki/Kheer" title="Kheer">Kheer</a></i> (without sugar) and <i><a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">Makkhan</a></i>. This is followed by offering <i>Dropads</i> (kind of <i>chapatis)</i> to cows. This practice is called ‘<i>dropad mansnaa</i>‘. Some people also enjoy swings on tree known as <i>peengan.</i><sup id="cite_ref-indictoday.com_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indictoday.com-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At night, people dress up their children like deities. Towns and cities witness several processions. At midnight, <a href="/wiki/Panjiri" title="Panjiri">Sund Panjeeri</a> is offered as <a href="/wiki/Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">Naivedya</a> to Sri Krishna.<sup id="cite_ref-indictoday.com_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indictoday.com-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacch_Dua_(Vatsa_Dwadashi)_&_Drubadi_(Durvashtami)"><span id="Bacch_Dua_.28Vatsa_Dwadashi.29_.26_Drubadi_.28Durvashtami.29"></span>Bacch Dua (Vatsa Dwadashi) & Drubadi (Durvashtami)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Bacch Dua (Vatsa Dwadashi) & Drubadi (Durvashtami)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Govatsa_Dwadashi" title="Govatsa Dwadashi">Vatsa Dwadashi</a> in Jammu region is celebrated on twelfth day of <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna Paksha">Krishna Paksha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bhadrapada" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrapada">Bhadrapada</a> month as <i>Bacch Dua</i> and Durvashtami as <i>Drubadi</i> on eighth day of <a href="/wiki/Shukla_Paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shukla Paksha">Shukla Paksha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bhadrapada" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrapada">Bhadrapada</a> month. In both these festivals, women prepare small sized idols/sculptures of calves using wheat dough.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are worshipped on water bodies. Soaked <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">Black chickpeas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Durva" class="mw-redirect" title="Durva">Durva</a> grass is used for Puja. Dogra dishes like <i>Rutt</i> and <i>Dropad</i> are used as <a href="/wiki/Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">Naivedya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singh_Sankrant_(Simha_Sankranti)"><span id="Singh_Sankrant_.28Simha_Sankranti.29"></span>Singh Sankrant (Simha Sankranti)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Singh Sankrant (Simha Sankranti)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is celebrated on first day of solar month of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu Calendar</a> i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bhadra_(Hindu_calendar)" title="Bhadra (Hindu calendar)">Bhadrapada</a>. The festival holds special significance in <a href="/wiki/Ramban_district" title="Ramban district">Ramban district</a> of Jammu division.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People visit <a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chandrabhaga</a> river and offer floral offerings. It is popularly known by the name <i>Singh Sankrant.</i> Local tradition traces the origin of festival to <a href="/wiki/Pandava" title="Pandava">Pandavas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tulsi_Puja_&_Panj_Bhikham_(Bhishma_Panchak)"><span id="Tulsi_Puja_.26_Panj_Bhikham_.28Bhishma_Panchak.29"></span>Tulsi Puja & Panj Bhikham (Bhishma Panchak)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Tulsi Puja & Panj Bhikham (Bhishma Panchak)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsi in Hinduism">Tulsi Puja</a> is performed in <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogra</a> families from <a href="/wiki/Prabodhini_Ekadashi" title="Prabodhini Ekadashi">Kartika Shukla Ekadashi</a> till <a href="/wiki/Kartik_Purnima" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartik Purnima">Kartika Purnima</a>. This five-day period is known as <i>Panj Bhikham</i> (<a href="/wiki/Panchaka" title="Panchaka">Bhishma Panchak</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Nirmohī_1988_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nirmohī_1988-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the occasion of Tulsi Puja, Dogra families would decorate the <a href="/wiki/Tulsi_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsi plant">Tulsi plant</a> pot and would write <i>Ram Ram</i> on them. This is known as <i>Tulsi Da Chauntra</i><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a>. They would cover the plant with Red <a href="/wiki/Dupatta" title="Dupatta">Dupatta</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Chunni">Chunni</a>. A fast is also observed on Kartika Shukla Ekadashi in honour of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Lord Vishnu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulsi_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsi in Hinduism">Tulsi Mata</a>. Women light up <a href="/wiki/Diya_(lamp)" title="Diya (lamp)">Diyas</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ekadashi" title="Ekadashi">Ekadashi</a> till <a href="/wiki/Full_moon" title="Full moon">Purnima</a> on Tulsi plant. This ceremony is known as <i>Deeve</i> in Dogri. Some families may also organize <a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Vivah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsi Vivah">Tulsi Vivah</a> with <a href="/wiki/Shaligram" title="Shaligram">Shaligram</a>. It is believed that Tulsi has got affinity with <i>Shaligram</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jerath_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerath-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 52–53">: 52–53 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jhiri_Mela_(October–November)"><span id="Jhiri_Mela_.28October.E2.80.93November.29"></span>Jhiri Mela (October–November)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Jhiri Mela (October–November)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An annual fair is held in the name of Baba Jitto, a simple and honest farmer who preferred to kill himself rather than submit to the unjust demands of the local landlord to part with his crop. He killed himself in the village of Jhiri, 14 km from Jammu. A legend has grown around the Baba and his followers congregate at Jhiri on the appointed day from every corner of North India; they revere him for his compassion, courage, and honesty.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navratri_Festival_(September–October)"><span id="Navratri_Festival_.28September.E2.80.93October.29"></span>Navratri Festival (September–October)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Navratri Festival (September–October)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the <a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">yatra</a> to the shrine of Mata Vaishno Devi is a round-the-year event, a pilgrimage undertaken during the <a href="/wiki/Navratras" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratras">Navratras</a> is considered the most auspicious. In order to showcase and highlight the regional culture, <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial Heritage">heritage</a> and traditions of the area during this period, the State Tourism Department has instituted the Navratri Festival as an annual event to be held during September/October for the nine auspicious days of the Navratras. A large number of tourists pay their obeisance to the deity during this period. This festival showcases the religious traditions as well as the popular culture of the region among the millions of <a href="/wiki/Pilgrims" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrims">pilgrims</a> who visit the <a href="/wiki/Vaishnodevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnodevi">Vaishnodeviji</a> Shrine during this period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rath_Kharda_Mela">Rath Kharda Mela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Rath Kharda Mela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An eight-day fair is organised in Narsingh and Annapurna Temple in Ghagwal of <a href="/wiki/Samba_district" title="Samba district">Samba district</a> of Jammu division. This fair involves taking out procession of deity on a <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a>. Hence named <i>Rath Kharda Mela</i>. Thousands of devotees are drawn from neighbouring states of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> and also other parts of Jammu region. People from hilly areas of Jammu like: <a href="/wiki/Basholi" class="mw-redirect" title="Basholi">Basohli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kishtwar" title="Kishtwar">Kishtwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bani,_India" title="Bani, India">Bani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dudu,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Dudu, Jammu and Kashmir">Dudu Basantgarh</a> put stalls in this fair and sell the handicrafts and woolen items like <i>Pattus</i>, blankets & shawls<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this fair, the temple is decorated with flowers and lights. Devotees visit the temple and pay obeisance to the main deity, Bhagwan Narsimha. A <a href="/wiki/Bhandara_(community_kitchen)" title="Bhandara (community kitchen)">Bhandara</a> is also organised for the devotees. Local farmers sow their fields in the name of <a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Bhagwan Narsimha</a> and while harvesting their crops offer a part of it to the temple during this fair.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides Ghagwal, <i>Rath Kharda Mela</i> is also held at other places of Jammu division like: <a href="/wiki/Ramgarh,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir">Ramgarh</a> tehsil of <a href="/wiki/Udhampur_district" title="Udhampur district">Udhampur</a> district, Parnala village in <a href="/wiki/Billawar" title="Billawar">Billawar</a> tehsil and Hatli village in <a href="/wiki/Kathua_district" title="Kathua district">Kathua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shivratri_(Herath)"><span id="Shivratri_.28Herath.29"></span>Shivratri (Herath)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Shivratri (Herath)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Shivaratri</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">'Shiva's night'</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is a festival of great significance for Hindus all over the world, especially for those of Kashmiri origin settled in Jammu. On this day, Lord Siva and his spouse Parvati are worshipped with great devotion everywhere in the country. Esoterically, it is symbolic of the mystic union of Jiva (individual soul) with Paramatma (the Supreme Godhead) and it represents the high state of spiritual realization wherein the world of relativity fades away and perfect peace and calm prevail. Along with worshipping 'Shiva' people observe both social and cultural meets on this festival. They rejoice and exchange greetings with friends and relatives.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jammu region has many institutes offering higher education. The colleges varies from <a href="/wiki/Medical_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical college">medical colleges</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Engineering_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering college">engineering colleges</a>, and many other government and private colleges. </p><p>Some of the major higher educational institutes in Jammu Region are: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Jammu" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Jammu">Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu (IIT Jammu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Jammu" title="Indian Institute of Management Jammu">Indian Institute of Management Jammu (IIM Jammu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences,_Vijaypur" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijaypur">All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijaypur, Jammu (AIIMS Vijaypur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_College_of_Engineering_and_Technology,_Jammu" title="Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu">Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Jammu" title="Government Medical College, Jammu">Government Medical College, Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Kathua" title="Government Medical College, Kathua">Government Medical College, Kathua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Rajouri" title="Government Medical College, Rajouri">Government Medical College, Rajouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Udhampur" title="Government Medical College, Udhampur">Government Medical College, Udhampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Doda" title="Government Medical College, Doda">Government Medical College, Doda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jammu" title="University of Jammu">University of Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher-e-Kashmir_University_of_Agricultural_Sciences_and_Technology_of_Jammu" title="Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu">Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govt._MAM_PG_College,_Jammu" title="Govt. MAM PG College, Jammu">Govt. MAM PG College, Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govt._Gandhi_Memorial_Science_College" title="Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College">Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_Harisingh_Agricultural_Collegiate_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maharaja Harisingh Agricultural Collegiate School (page does not exist)">Maharaja Harisingh Agricultural Collegiate School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Institute_of_Engineering_and_Technology,_Jammu" title="Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu">Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu</a></li> <li>Mahant Bachittar Singh College Of Engineering and Technology, Jammu<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Nagrota" title="Sainik School, Nagrota">Sainik School, Nagrota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Mata_Vaishno_Devi_University" title="Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University">Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_University_of_Jammu" title="Central University of Jammu">Central University of Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_University_of_Jammu" title="Cluster University of Jammu">Cluster University of Jammu</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_on_the_land_and_the_people_of_%22Jammu_and_Kashmir%22" class="mw-redirect" title="List of topics on the land and the people of "Jammu and Kashmir"">List of topics on the land and the people of "Jammu and Kashmir"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Jammu%E2%80%93Srinagar" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Jammu–Srinagar">Roman Catholic Diocese of Jammu–Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duggar_(region)" title="Duggar (region)">Duggar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Singh_Chib" title="Prakash Singh Chib">Prakash Singh Chib</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tertiary-kashmir-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tertiary-kashmir_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tertiary-kashmir_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TERTIARY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TERTIARY">tertiary sources</a> (a) through (e), reflecting <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DUE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DUE">due weight</a> in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (j) below). <br /> (a) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent"><i>Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent</i></a>, Encyclopaedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%2C+region+Indian+subcontinent&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FKashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span> (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";<br /> (b) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPletcher" class="citation cs2">Pletcher, Kenneth, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksai-Chin"><i>Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia</i></a>, Encyclopaedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aksai+Chin%2C+Plateau+Region%2C+Asia&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Pletcher&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAksai-Chin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span> (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state."; <br /> (c) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Kashmir", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328"><i>Encyclopedia Americana</i></a>, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0139-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0139-6"><bdi>978-0-7172-0139-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kashmir&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=Scholastic+Library+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-0139-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl_cWAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span> C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947"; <br /> (d) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsmańczyk2003" class="citation cs2">Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191"><i>Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M</i></a>, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93922-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93922-5"><bdi>978-0-415-93922-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+United+Nations+and+International+Agreements%3A+G+to+M&rft.pages=1191-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93922-5&rft.aulast=Osma%C5%84czyk&rft.aufirst=Edmund+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfSIMXHMdfkkC%26pg%3DPA1191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span> Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China." <br />(e) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbot2016" class="citation cs2">Talbot, Ian (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eNg_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28"><i>A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas</i></a>, Yale University Press, pp. 28–29, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19694-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19694-8"><bdi>978-0-300-19694-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+South+Asia%3A+Politics%2C+States%2C+Diasporas&rft.pages=28-29&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-300-19694-8&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeNg_CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span> Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir."; <br /> (f) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkutsch2015" class="citation cs2">Skutsch, Carl (2015) [2007], "China: Border War with India, 1962", in Ciment, James (ed.), <i>Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II</i> (2nd ed.), London and New York: Routledge, p. 573, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-8005-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-8005-1"><bdi>978-0-7656-8005-1</bdi></a>, <q>The situation between the two nations was complicated by the 1957–1959 uprising by Tibetans against Chinese rule. Refugees poured across the Indian border, and the Indian public was outraged. Any compromise with China on the border issue became impossible. Similarly, China was offended that India had given political asylum to the Dalai Lama when he fled across the border in March 1959. In late 1959, there were shots fired between border patrols operating along both the ill-defined McMahon Line and in the Aksai Chin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=China%3A+Border+War+with+India%2C+1962&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Conflicts+Since+World+War+II&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=573&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-8005-1&rft.aulast=Skutsch&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span><br /> (g) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClary2023" class="citation cs2">Clary, Christopher (23 August 2023), <i>The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia</i>, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 109, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197638408" title="Special:BookSources/9780197638408"><bdi>9780197638408</bdi></a>, <q>Territorial Dispute: The situation along the Sino-Indian frontier continued to worsen. In late July (1959), an Indian reconnaissance patrol was blocked, "apprehended," and eventually expelled after three weeks in custody at the hands of a larger Chinese force near Khurnak Fort in Aksai Chin. ... Circumstances worsened further in October 1959, when a major class at Kongka Pass in eastern Ladakh led to nine dead and ten captured Indian border personnel, making it by far the most serious Sino-Indian class since India's independence.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Difficult+Politics+of+Peace%3A+Rivalry+in+Modern+South+Asia&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2023-08-23&rft.isbn=9780197638408&rft.aulast=Clary&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span> <br /> (h) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose2009" class="citation cs2">Bose, Sumantra (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC&pg=PA294"><i>Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace</i></a>, Harvard University Press, pp. 294, 291, 293, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02855-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02855-5"><bdi>978-0-674-02855-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%3A+Roots+of+Conflict%2C+Paths+to+Peace&rft.pages=294%2C+291%2C+293&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02855-5&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sumantra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ACMe9WBdNAC%26pg%3DPA294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span> Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control." <br /> (i) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2018" class="citation cs2">Fisher, Michael H. (2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166"><i>An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, p. 166, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-11162-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-11162-2"><bdi>978-1-107-11162-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Environmental+History+of+India%3A+From+Earliest+Times+to+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-107-11162-2&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkZVuDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span> Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir."; <br /> (j) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnedden2015" class="citation cs2">Snedden, Christopher (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5amKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10"><i>Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris</i></a>, Oxford University Press, p. 10, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-621-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-621-3"><bdi>978-1-84904-621-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Kashmir+and+Kashmiris&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-621-3&rft.aulast=Snedden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5amKCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span> Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'." </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OfficialLang-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OfficialLang_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf">"The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Gazette of India. 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jammu+and+Kashmir+Official+Languages+Act%2C+2020&rft.pub=The+Gazette+of+India&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegazette.nic.in%2FWriteReadData%2F2020%2F222037.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020">"Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020"</a>. <i>Rising Kashmir</i>. 23 September 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020">the original</a> on 24 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rising+Kashmir&rft.atitle=Parliament+passes+JK+Official+Languages+Bill%2C+2020&rft.date=2020-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frisingkashmir.com%2Fnews%2Fparliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/">"Looks at possible solutions for Kashmir"</a>. <i>news.bbc.co.uk</i>. 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National Book Trust, India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-237-2533-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-237-2533-8"><bdi>978-81-237-2533-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pub=National+Book+Trust%2C+India&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-237-2533-8&rft.aulast=Dhar&rft.aufirst=Somnath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ4huAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DLohri%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeratha1998" class="citation book cs1">Jeratha, Aśoka (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ToONShWeEB0C&q=Chhaja&pg=PA53"><i>Dogra Legends of Art & Culture</i></a>. Indus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8"><bdi>978-81-7387-082-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogra+Legends+of+Art+%26+Culture&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-082-8&rft.aulast=Jeratha&rft.aufirst=A%C5%9Boka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DToONShWeEB0C%26q%3DChhaja%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeratha1998" class="citation book cs1">Jeratha, Aśoka (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ToONShWeEB0C&q=Lohri+Dogras&pg=PA53"><i>Dogra Legends of Art & Culture</i></a>. Indus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8"><bdi>978-81-7387-082-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogra+Legends+of+Art+%26+Culture&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-082-8&rft.aulast=Jeratha&rft.aufirst=A%C5%9Boka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DToONShWeEB0C%26q%3DLohri%2BDogras%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pathik_1980-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pathik_1980_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pathik_1980_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPathikSharma1980" class="citation book cs1">Pathik, Jyoteeshwar; Sharma, Diwan Chand (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mZc9AAAAMAAJ&q=Lohri"><i>Cultural Heritage of the Dogras</i></a>. Light & Life Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Heritage+of+the+Dogras&rft.pub=Light+%26+Life+Publishers&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Pathik&rft.aufirst=Jyoteeshwar&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Diwan+Chand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmZc9AAAAMAAJ%26q%3DLohri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrieberg1978" class="citation book cs1">Drieberg, Trevor (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A7QBAAAAMAAJ&q=Dandaras"><i>Jammu and Kashmir: A Tourist Guide</i></a>. Vikas Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7069-0575-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7069-0575-5"><bdi>978-0-7069-0575-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jammu+and+Kashmir%3A+A+Tourist+Guide&rft.pub=Vikas+Publishing+House&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-7069-0575-5&rft.aulast=Drieberg&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA7QBAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DDandaras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeratha1998" class="citation book cs1">Jeratha, Aśoka (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ToONShWeEB0C&q=Lohri+&pg=PA53"><i>Dogra Legends of Art & Culture</i></a>. Indus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8"><bdi>978-81-7387-082-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogra+Legends+of+Art+%26+Culture&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-082-8&rft.aulast=Jeratha&rft.aufirst=A%C5%9Boka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DToONShWeEB0C%26q%3DLohri%2B%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k7RjAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8"><i>Ḍogarī-Hindī-śabdakośa</i></a> (in Hindi). Je. eṇḍa Ke. Akaiḍamī ôpha Ārṭa, Kalcara eṇḍa Laiṅgvejiza. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E1%B8%8Cogar%C4%AB-Hind%C4%AB-%C5%9Babdako%C5%9Ba&rft.pub=Je.+e%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da+Ke.+Akai%E1%B8%8Dam%C4%AB+%C3%B4pha+%C4%80r%E1%B9%ADa%2C+Kalcara+e%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da+Lai%E1%B9%85gvejiza&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk7RjAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŚāstrīMohanaLangeh1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Śāstrī, Rāmanātha; Mohana, Madana; Langeh, Baldev Singh (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SAASAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8"><i>(Rajata jayantī abhinandana grantha)</i></a> (in Hindi). Ḍogarī Saṃsthā.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%28Rajata+jayant%C4%AB+abhinandana+grantha%29.&rft.pub=%E1%B8%8Cogar%C4%AB+Sa%E1%B9%83sth%C4%81&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=%C5%9A%C4%81str%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=R%C4%81man%C4%81tha&rft.au=Mohana%2C+Madana&rft.au=Langeh%2C+Baldev+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSAASAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kbNjAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3"><i>Ḍogarī</i></a> (in Hindi). Bhāratīya Bhāshā Saṃsthāna, Mānava Saṃsādhana Vikāsa Mantrālaya, Mādhyamika aura Uccatara Śikshā Vibhāga, Bhārata Sarakāra evaṃ Ḍogarī Saṃsthā. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E1%B8%8Cogar%C4%AB&rft.pub=Bh%C4%81rat%C4%ABya+Bh%C4%81sh%C4%81+Sa%E1%B9%83sth%C4%81na%2C+M%C4%81nava+Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81dhana+Vik%C4%81sa+Mantr%C4%81laya%2C+M%C4%81dhyamika+aura+Uccatara+%C5%9Aiksh%C4%81+Vibh%C4%81ga%2C+Bh%C4%81rata+Sarak%C4%81ra+eva%E1%B9%83+%E1%B8%8Cogar%C4%AB+Sa%E1%B9%83sth%C4%81&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkbNjAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25A3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ps61AAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80"><i>Ḍuggara dā sāṃskr̥taka itihāsa</i></a> (in Hindi). Je. eṇḍa Ke. Akaiḍamī ôpha Ārṭa, Kalcara, eṇḍa Laiṅgvejiza. 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E1%B8%8Cuggara+d%C4%81+s%C4%81%E1%B9%83skr%CC%A5taka+itih%C4%81sa&rft.pub=Je.+e%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da+Ke.+Akai%E1%B8%8Dam%C4%AB+%C3%B4pha+%C4%80r%E1%B9%ADa%2C+Kalcara%2C+e%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da+Lai%E1%B9%85gvejiza&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dps61AAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A5%2580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNirmohī1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nirmohī, Śiva (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vgo9AAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0"><i>Ḍuggara kī saṃskr̥ti</i></a> (in Hindi). Narendra Pabliśiṅga Hāusa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E1%B8%8Cuggara+k%C4%AB+sa%E1%B9%83skr%CC%A5ti&rft.pub=Narendra+Pabli%C5%9Bi%E1%B9%85ga+H%C4%81usa&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Nirmoh%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Aiva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvgo9AAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%2B%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŚāstrī1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Śāstrī, Bī Ke (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L14JAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+"><i>Duggara ca Devika Nadi da samskrtaka mahatava : On the importance and significance of the Devika River, Jammu region, on the sociocultural life of the people</i></a> (in Hindi). Ajaya Prakasana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duggara+ca+Devika+Nadi+da+samskrtaka+mahatava+%3A+On+the+importance+and+significance+of+the+Devika+River%2C+Jammu+region%2C+on+the+sociocultural+life+of+the+people&rft.pub=Ajaya+Prakasana&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=%C5%9A%C4%81str%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=B%C4%AB+Ke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL14JAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B0%2B%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XLv-ch3DeNQC&q=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82"><i>University Review: Journal of the University of Jammu</i></a> (in Hindi). The University. 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=University+Review%3A+Journal+of+the+University+of+Jammu&rft.pub=The+University&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXLv-ch3DeNQC%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2598%25E0%25A5%2580%2B%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNirmohī1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nirmohī, Śiva (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vgo9AAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9"><i>Ḍuggara kī saṃskr̥ti</i></a> (in Hindi). Narendra Pabliśiṅga Hāusa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E1%B8%8Cuggara+k%C4%AB+sa%E1%B9%83skr%CC%A5ti&rft.pub=Narendra+Pabli%C5%9Bi%E1%B9%85ga+H%C4%81usa&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Nirmoh%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Aiva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvgo9AAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%2B%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJasta1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jasta, Hariram (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9mY4AAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+"><i>Bhārata meṃ Nāgapūjā aura paramparā</i></a> (in Hindi). Sanmārga Prakāśana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bh%C4%81rata+me%E1%B9%83+N%C4%81gap%C5%ABj%C4%81+aura+parampar%C4%81&rft.pub=Sanm%C4%81rga+Prak%C4%81%C5%9Bana&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Jasta&rft.aufirst=Hariram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9mY4AAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2598%2B%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ps61AAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE+"><i>Ḍuggara dā sāṃskr̥taka itihāsa</i></a> (in Hindi). 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Akaiḍamī ôpha Ārṭa, Kalcara, eṇḍa Laiṅgvejiza. 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E1%B8%8Cuggara+d%C4%81+s%C4%81%E1%B9%83skr%CC%A5taka+itih%C4%81sa&rft.pub=Je.+e%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da+Ke.+Akai%E1%B8%8Dam%C4%AB+%C3%B4pha+%C4%80r%E1%B9%ADa%2C+Kalcara%2C+e%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da+Lai%E1%B9%85gvejiza&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dps61AAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BE%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNirmohī1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nirmohī, Śiva (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vgo9AAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE+"><i>Ḍuggara kī saṃskr̥ti</i></a> (in Hindi). Narendra Pabliśiṅga Hāusa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E1%B8%8Cuggara+k%C4%AB+sa%E1%B9%83skr%CC%A5ti&rft.pub=Narendra+Pabli%C5%9Bi%E1%B9%85ga+H%C4%81usa&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Nirmoh%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Aiva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvgo9AAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BE%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBingley1899" class="citation book cs1">Bingley, A. H. 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Pentagon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8274-376-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8274-376-2"><bdi>978-81-8274-376-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+heritage+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pub=Pentagon+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-8274-376-2&rft.aulast=Warikoo&rft.aufirst=Kulbhushan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqvAr6ZJLLuIC%26q%3DBasant%2BPanchami%2BDogras%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTagare1997" class="citation book cs1">Tagare, Ganesh Vasudeo (1997). <i>The Nārada-Purāna Part IV</i>. 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Arihant Publications India limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-131-6916-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-131-6916-1"><bdi>978-93-131-6916-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Know+Your+State+Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pub=Arihant+Publications+India+limited&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft.isbn=978-93-131-6916-1&rft.au=Arihant+Experts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNhrzDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jerath-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jerath_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jerath_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerath" class="citation book cs1">Jerath, Ashok. <i>Folk Art of Duggar</i>. 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Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-88630-68-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-88630-68-9"><bdi>978-93-88630-68-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kumbha%3A+Puratan+Aur+Nutan+Ka+Mela&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019-06-18&rft.isbn=978-93-88630-68-9&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=Nityananda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU8yaDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ḍogarī-Hindī-śabdakośa-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ḍogarī-Hindī-śabdakośa_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ḍogarī-Hindī-śabdakośa_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k7RjAAAAMAAJ"><i>Ḍogarī-Hindī-śabdakośa</i></a> (in Hindi). 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Indus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8"><bdi>978-81-7387-082-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogra+Legends+of+Art+%26+Culture&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-082-8&rft.aulast=Jeratha&rft.aufirst=A%C5%9Boka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DToONShWeEB0C%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cb7UAAAAMAAJ"><i>District Census Handbook, Jammu & Kashmir: Jammu</i></a>. 1966.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook%2C+Jammu+%26+Kashmir%3A+Jammu&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcb7UAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma1997" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Shiv Chander (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uEtuAAAAMAAJ&q=Nagbani"><i>Antiquities, History, Culture, and Shrines of Jammu</i></a>. Vinod Publishers & Distributors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85599-46-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85599-46-5"><bdi>978-81-85599-46-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antiquities%2C+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Shrines+of+Jammu&rft.pub=Vinod+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-85599-46-5&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Shiv+Chander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuEtuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DNagbani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c4E6AAAAIAAJ"><i>Śīrāzā Hindī</i></a> (in Hindi). 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%9A%C4%ABr%C4%81z%C4%81+Hind%C4%AB&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc4E6AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2004" class="citation book cs1">Ghosh, Mandira (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SPLZAAAAMAAJ"><i>Folk Music of the Himalayas</i></a>. Shubhi Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8290-016-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8290-016-5"><bdi>978-81-8290-016-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folk+Music+of+the+Himalayas&rft.pub=Shubhi+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-8290-016-5&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Mandira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSPLZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E7vUAAAAMAAJ"><i>District Census Handbook, Jammu & Kashmir: Kathua</i></a>. 1966.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook%2C+Jammu+%26+Kashmir%3A+Kathua&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE7vUAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/15000-devotees-visit-ancient-subar-nag-temple-on-baisakhi-eve/1027840">"15,000 devotees visit ancient Subar Nag temple on Baisakhi eve"</a>. <i>outlookindia.com/</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vidyā Prakāśana Mandira. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7135-002-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7135-002-5"><bdi>978-81-7135-002-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kaid%C4%AB&rft.pub=Vidy%C4%81+Prak%C4%81%C5%9Bana+Mandira&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-7135-002-5&rft.aulast=%E1%B8%8Cogar%C4%81&rft.aufirst=De%C5%9Babandhu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLfAzAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNirmohī1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nirmohī, Śiva (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UwMiAAAAMAAJ"><i>Ḍuggara kā loka sāhitya</i></a> (in Hindi). 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N. K.</a> (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1eMfzTBcXcYC&pg=PA13"><i>Culture and Political History of Kashmir: Ancient Kashmir</i></a>, M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85880-31-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85880-31-0"><bdi>978-81-85880-31-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Political+History+of+Kashmir%3A+Ancient+Kashmir&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-85880-31-0&rft.aulast=Bamzai&rft.aufirst=P.+N.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1eMfzTBcXcYC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeratha,_Forts_and_Palaces_of_the_Western_Himalaya2000" class="citation cs2">Jeratha, Aśoka (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l2oZiyOqReoC&pg=PA5"><i>Forts and Palaces of the Western Himalaya</i></a>, Indus Publishing, pp. 5–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-104-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-104-7"><bdi>978-81-7387-104-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forts+and+Palaces+of+the+Western+Himalaya&rft.pages=5-&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-104-7&rft.aulast=Jeratha&rft.aufirst=A%C5%9Boka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl2oZiyOqReoC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHāṇḍā,_Textiles,_Costumes,_and_Ornaments_of_the_Western_Himalaya1998" class="citation cs2">Hāṇḍā, Omacanda (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JFPnh9B5zncC&pg=PA178"><i>Textiles, Costumes, and Ornaments of the Western Himalaya</i></a>, Indus Publishing, pp. 178–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-076-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-076-7"><bdi>978-81-7387-076-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textiles%2C+Costumes%2C+and+Ornaments+of+the+Western+Himalaya&rft.pages=178-&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-076-7&rft.aulast=H%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81&rft.aufirst=Omacanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJFPnh9B5zncC%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeratha,_Dogra_Legends_of_Art_&_Culture1998" class="citation cs2">Jeratha, Aśoka (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ToONShWeEB0C&pg=PA22"><i>Dogra Legends of Art & Culture</i></a>, Indus Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8"><bdi>978-81-7387-082-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogra+Legends+of+Art+%26+Culture&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-082-8&rft.aulast=Jeratha&rft.aufirst=A%C5%9Boka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DToONShWeEB0C%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchison_&_Vogel,_History_of_Panjab_Hill_States,_Volume_11933" class="citation cs2">Hutchison, J.; Vogel, Jean Philippe (1933), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3btDw4S2FmYC"><i>History of the Panjab Hill States, Vol. 1</i></a>, New Delhi: Asian Education Services (published 2014), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120609426" title="Special:BookSources/9788120609426"><bdi>9788120609426</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Panjab+Hill+States%2C+Vol.+1&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Asian+Education+Services&rft.date=1933&rft.isbn=9788120609426&rft.aulast=Hutchison&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Vogel%2C+Jean+Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3btDw4S2FmYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchison_&_Vogel,_History_of_Panjab_Hill_States,_Volume_21933" class="citation cs2">Hutchison, J.; Vogel, Jean Philippe (1933), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=3006&page=1&CategoryID=1"><i>History of the Panjab Hill States, Vol. 2</i></a>, New Delhi: Asian Education Services (published 2014)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Panjab+Hill+States%2C+Vol.+2&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Asian+Education+Services&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Hutchison&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Vogel%2C+Jean+Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panjabdigilib.org%2Fwebuser%2Fsearches%2FdisplayPage.jsp%3FID%3D3006%26page%3D1%26CategoryID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuttenback,_Gulab_Singh_and_the_Creation_of_the_Dogra_State1961" class="citation cs2">Huttenback, Robert A. (1961), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815210807/http://pahar.in/mountains/Books%20and%20Articles/Indian%20Subcontinent/1961%20Gulab%20Singh%20and%20Creation%20of%20Dogra%20State%20of%20Jammu%20Kashmir%20and%20Ladakh%20by%20Huttenback%20from%20J%20Asian%20Studies%20v20%20s.pdf">"Gulab Singh and the Creation of the Dogra State of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>, <b>20</b> (4): 477–488, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2049956">10.2307/2049956</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2049956">2049956</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162144034">162144034</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pahar.in/mountains/Books%20and%20Articles/Indian%20Subcontinent/1961%20Gulab%20Singh%20and%20Creation%20of%20Dogra%20State%20of%20Jammu%20Kashmir%20and%20Ladakh%20by%20Huttenback%20from%20J%20Asian%20Studies%20v20%20s.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 August 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Gulab+Singh+and+the+Creation+of+the+Dogra+State+of+Jammu%2C+Kashmir%2C+and+Ladakh&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=477-488&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162144034%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2049956%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2049956&rft.aulast=Huttenback&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpahar.in%2Fmountains%2FBooks%2520and%2520Articles%2FIndian%2520Subcontinent%2F1961%2520Gulab%2520Singh%2520and%2520Creation%2520of%2520Dogra%2520State%2520of%2520Jammu%2520Kashmir%2520and%2520Ladakh%2520by%2520Huttenback%2520from%2520J%2520Asian%2520Studies%2520v20%2520s.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotwal,_Political_and_cultural_heritage_of_Bhadarwah,_Kishtwar_and_Doda2000" class="citation cs2">Kotwal, Nek Chand (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G11uAAAAMAAJ"><i>Political and cultural heritage of Bhadarwah, Kishtwar, and Doda</i></a>, N.C. Kotwal</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+and+cultural+heritage+of+Bhadarwah%2C+Kishtwar%2C+and+Doda&rft.pub=N.C.+Kotwal&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Kotwal&rft.aufirst=Nek+Chand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG11uAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed,_Mian_Dedo2008" class="citation cs2">Mohammed, Jigar (April 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o5OF9LmRkGgC&pg=PA51">"Mian Dedo: The Identity Icon"</a>, <i>Epilogue</i>, pp. 51–</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epilogue&rft.atitle=Mian+Dedo%3A+The+Identity+Icon&rft.pages=51-&rft.date=2008-04&rft.aulast=Mohammed&rft.aufirst=Jigar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do5OF9LmRkGgC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanikkar,_Gulab_Singh1930" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/K._M._Panikkar" title="K. M. Panikkar">Panikkar, K. M.</a> (1930), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gulabsingh179218031570mbp"><i>Gulab Singh</i></a>, London: Martin Hopkinson Ltd</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulab+Singh&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Martin+Hopkinson+Ltd&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Panikkar&rft.aufirst=K.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgulabsingh179218031570mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma,_Manimahesh_Chamba_Kailash2001" class="citation cs2">Sharma, Kamal Prashad (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qFUa0rH0yUcC&pg=PA67"><i>Maṇimahesh Chambā Kailāsh</i></a>, Indus Publishing, pp. 67–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-118-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-118-4"><bdi>978-81-7387-118-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ma%E1%B9%87imahesh+Chamb%C4%81+Kail%C4%81sh&rft.pages=67-&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-118-4&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Kamal+Prashad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqFUa0rH0yUcC%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role1971" class="citation cs2">Singh, Bawa Satinder (1971), "Raja Gulab Singh's Role in the First Anglo-Sikh War", <i>Modern Asian Studies</i>, <b>5</b> (1): 35–59, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0026749x00002845">10.1017/s0026749x00002845</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/311654">311654</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145500298">145500298</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Raja+Gulab+Singh%27s+Role+in+the+First+Anglo-Sikh+War&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35-59&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145500298%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F311654%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0026749x00002845&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Bawa+Satinder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnedden,_Understanding_Kashmir_and_Kashmiris2015" class="citation cs2">Snedden, Christopher (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA172"><i>Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris</i></a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-342-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-342-7"><bdi>978-1-84904-342-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Kashmir+and+Kashmiris&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-342-7&rft.aulast=Snedden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds5KMCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein,_Kalhana's_Rajatarangini1989" class="citation cs2">Stein, M. A. (1989) [first published 1900], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KzxTkI9iAxkC&pg=PA507"><i>Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 2.</i></a>, Motilal Banarsidass, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0370-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0370-1"><bdi>978-81-208-0370-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kalhana%27s+Rajatarangini%3A+A+chronicle+of+the+kings+of+Kasmir%2C+Volume+2.&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0370-1&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=M.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKzxTkI9iAxkC%26pg%3DPA507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+division" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jammu_division" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jammu division"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Jammu division</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915154945/http://jammukashmir.nic.in/">The Official Website of Jammu and Kashmir Government</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Template:Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template:Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template talk:Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;Emblem_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Union_Territory_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Jammu and Kashmir"><img alt="Emblem of Jammu and Kashmir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg/25px-Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg/38px-Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg/50px-Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">Union Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></b> (Summer); <b><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a></b> (Winter)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kashmir" title="History of Kashmir">History of Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rajatarangini" title="Rajatarangini">Rajatarangini</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kambojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalitaditya_Muktapida" title="Lalitaditya Muktapida">Lalitaditya Muktapida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didda" title="Didda">Didda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent">Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayn_al-Abidin_(sultan_of_Kashmir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayn al-Abidin (sultan of Kashmir)">Zayn al-Abidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Mir_dynasty" title="Shah Mir dynasty">Shah Mir dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogra_dynasty" title="Dogra dynasty">Dogra Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Singh" title="Gulab Singh">Gulab Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Singh_(Dogra_general)" title="Zorawar Singh (Dogra general)">Zorawar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamwal" title="Jamwal">Jamwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir Committee">Kashmir Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh" title="Hari Singh">Hari Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbar_Move" title="Darbar Move">Darbar Move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Kashmiri_Hindus" title="Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus">Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development_in_India" title="Economic development in India">Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Government<br />and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act (2019)">Reorganisation Act (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">Jammu & Kashmir National Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Peoples_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party">Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Parties_Hurriyat_Conference" title="All Parties Hurriyat Conference">All Parties Hurriyat Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_People%27s_Conference" title="Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference">Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">Instrument of Accession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Elections in Jammu and Kashmir">Elections in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira%E2%80%93Sheikh_Accord" title="Indira–Sheikh Accord">Indira–Sheikh Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Agreement" title="Simla Agreement">Simla Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abdullah" title="Sheikh Abdullah">Sheikh Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karan_Singh" title="Karan Singh">Karan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Nath_Dogra" title="Prem Nath Dogra">Prem Nath Dogra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakshi_Ghulam_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad">Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdullah" title="Omar Abdullah">Omar Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(politician,_born_1956)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)">Jitendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ali_Shah_Geelani" title="Syed Ali Shah Geelani">Syed Ali Shah Geelani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehbooba_Mufti" title="Mehbooba Mufti">Mehbooba Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehr_Chand_Mahajan" title="Mehr Chand Mahajan">Mehr Chand Mahajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirwaiz_Umar_Farooq" title="Mirwaiz Umar Farooq">Mirwaiz Umar Farooq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti_Muhammad_Sayeed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mufti Muhammad Sayeed">Mufti Muhammad Sayeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmal_Kumar_Singh" title="Nirmal Kumar Singh">Nirmal Kumar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farooq_Abdullah" title="Farooq Abdullah">Farooq Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Nabi_Azad" title="Ghulam Nabi Azad">Ghulam Nabi Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasin_Malik" title="Yasin Malik">Yasin Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajjad_Gani_Lone" title="Sajjad Gani Lone">Sajjad Gani Lone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabir_Shah" title="Shabir Shah">Shabir Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Public_Safety_Act,_1978" title="Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978">Public Safety Act, 1978</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kashmir" title="Culture of Kashmir">Culture</a> and<br />places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiriyat" title="Kashmiriyat">Kashmiriyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_and_Ladakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_Hindu_festivals" title="Kashmiri Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazwan" title="Wazwan">Wazwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanger" title="Kanger">Kanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikara" title="Shikara">Shikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashmina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashmina">Pashmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basohli_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Basohli painting">Basohli painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Shaivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchi_Monastery" title="Alchi Monastery">Alchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi" title="Vaishno Devi">Vaishno Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Temple" title="Amarnath Temple">Amarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmarg" title="Gulmarg">Gulmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahalgam" title="Pahalgam">Pahalgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonamarg" title="Sonamarg">Sonamarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verinag" title="Verinag">Verinag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangath_Temple_complex" title="Wangath Temple complex">Wangath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusmarg" title="Yusmarg">Yusmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar" title="Zanskar">Zanskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Category:Forts in Jammu and Kashmir">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Category:National parks in Jammu and Kashmir">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Category:Lakes of Jammu and Kashmir">Lakes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Jammu and Kashmir">Districts</a> and<br />divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jammu division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathua_district" title="Kathua district">Kathua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_district" title="Jammu district">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_district" title="Samba district">Samba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhampur_district" title="Udhampur district">Udhampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reasi_district" title="Reasi district">Reasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajouri_district" title="Rajouri district">Rajouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_district,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch district, India">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramban_district" title="Ramban district">Ramban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_division" title="Kashmir division">Kashmir division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anantnag_district" title="Anantnag district">Anantnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulgam_district" title="Kulgam district">Kulgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwama_district" title="Pulwama district">Pulwama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopian_district" title="Shopian district">Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgam_district" title="Budgam district">Badgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar_district" title="Srinagar district">Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganderbal_district" title="Ganderbal district">Ganderbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandipore_district" title="Bandipore district">Bandipore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baramulla_district" title="Baramulla district">Baramulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupwara_district" title="Kupwara district">Kupwara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_by_population" title="List of cities in Jammu and Kashmir by population">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantnag" title="Anantnag">Anantnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baramulla" title="Baramulla">Baramulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwama" title="Pulwama">Pulwama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupwara" title="Kupwara">Kupwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgam" title="Budgam">Budgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganderbal" title="Ganderbal">Ganderbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopian" title="Shopian">Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandipore" title="Bandipore">Bandipore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulgam" title="Kulgam">Kulgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doda,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Doda, Jammu and Kashmir">Doda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_(town)" title="Poonch (town)">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajouri" title="Rajouri">Rajouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramban_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramban (Jammu and Kashmir)">Ramban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reasi" title="Reasi">Reasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Samba, Jammu and Kashmir">Samba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhampur" title="Udhampur">Udhampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathua" title="Kathua">Kathua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar" title="Kishtwar">Kishtwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akingam" title="Akingam">Akingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achabal" title="Achabal">Achabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwama" title="Pulwama">Pulwama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgam" title="Budgam">Budgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganderbal" title="Ganderbal">Ganderbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopian" title="Shopian">Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandipore" title="Bandipore">Bandipore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulgam" title="Kulgam">Kulgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Srinagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Srinagar">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowshera,_Srinagar" title="Nowshera, Srinagar">Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurez" title="Gurez">Gurez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattan" title="Pattan">Pattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangan,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Kangan, Jammu and Kashmir">Kangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazratbal" title="Hazratbal">Hazratbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awantipora" title="Awantipora">Awantipora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tral" title="Tral">Tral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazigund" title="Qazigund">Qazigund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokernag" title="Kokernag">Kokernag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangus" title="Shangus">Shangus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijbehara" title="Bijbehara">Bijbehara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doru_Shahabad" title="Doru Shahabad">Doru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahalgam" title="Pahalgam">Pahalgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattan" title="Pattan">Pattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Uri, Jammu and Kashmir">Uri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreeri" title="Kreeri">Kreeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniyar" title="Boniyar">Boniyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangmarg" title="Tangmarg">Tangmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopore" title="Sopore">Sopore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafiabad,_India" title="Rafiabad, India">Rafiabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnah" title="Karnah">Karnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupwara" title="Kupwara">Kupwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolab" class="mw-redirect" title="Lolab">Lolab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handwara" title="Handwara">Handwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langate" title="Langate">Langate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charari_Sharief" title="Charari Sharief">Charari Sharief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerwah,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir">Beerwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadoora" title="Chadoora">Chadoora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagh_e_Mehtab" title="Bagh e Mehtab">Bagh e Mehtab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbal,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Sumbal, Jammu and Kashmir">Sumbal Sonawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimoh" class="mw-redirect" title="Quimoh">Quimoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahloo" title="Pahloo">Pahloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damhal_Hanji_Pora" title="Damhal Hanji Pora">Damhal Hanji Pora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soura,_Srinagar" title="Soura, Srinagar">Soura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchpora" title="Buchpora">Buchpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Nagar_Srinagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawahar Nagar Srinagar">Jawahar Nagar Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajbagh" title="Rajbagh">Rajbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemina" title="Bemina">Bemina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisuma" title="Maisuma">Maisuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karan_Nagar" title="Karan Nagar">Karan Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Nagar,_Srinagar" title="Indira Nagar, Srinagar">Indira Nagar, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Chowk" title="Lal Chowk">Lal Chowk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonwar_Bagh" title="Sonwar Bagh">Sonwar Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowhatta" title="Nowhatta">Nowhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar" title="Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar">Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bazar" title="Lal Bazar">Lal Bazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukura" class="mw-redirect" title="Jukura">Jukura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munawar_Abad" title="Munawar Abad">Munawar Abad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami_Bagh" title="Badami Bagh">Badami Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowshera,_Srinagar" title="Nowshera, Srinagar">Nowshera, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhpora" title="Singhpora">Singhpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magam" title="Magam">Magam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daksum" title="Daksum">Daksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinthan_top" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinthan top">Sinthan top</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Famous villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padgampora" title="Padgampora">Padgampora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskander_Pora,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Iskander Pora, Jammu and Kashmir"> Iskander Pora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhom" title="Mazhom">Mazhom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rathsoon">Rathsoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botingoo" title="Botingoo">Botingoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpora" title="Fatehpora">Fatehpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durhama" title="Durhama">Durhama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanjiwera" title="Hanjiwera">Hanjiwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardu-Aboora" title="Hardu-Aboora">Hardu-Aboora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keran,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Keran, Jammu and Kashmir">Keran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreeri" title="Kreeri">Kreeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladoora" title="Ladoora">Ladoora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogmuna" title="Ogmuna">Ogmuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeloo" title="Seeloo">Seeloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazun" title="Zazun">Zazun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakura" title="Wakura">Wakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabagh_Ganderbal" title="Nawabagh Ganderbal">Nawabagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnipora" title="Ratnipora">Ratnipora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichgam" title="Ichgam">Ichgam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Railways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhar%E2%80%93Jammu_line" title="Jalandhar–Jammu line">Jalandhar–Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu%E2%80%93Baramulla_line" title="Jammu–Baramulla line">Jammu–Baramulla</a></li></ul></li> <li>Stations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar_railway_station" title="Srinagar railway station">Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Tawi_railway_station" title="Jammu Tawi railway station">Jammu Tawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhampur_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Udhampur railway station">Udhampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazigund_railway_station" title="Qazigund railway station">Qzaigund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadura_railway_station" title="Sadura railway station">Sadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantnag_railway_station" title="Anantnag railway station">Anantang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgam_railway_station" title="Budgam railway station">Budgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baramulla_railway_station" title="Baramulla railway station">Baramulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampore_railway_station" title="Pampore railway station">Pampore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakapora_railway_station" title="Kakapora railway station">Kakapora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadigam_railway_station" title="Nadigam railway station">Nadigam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhom_railway_station" title="Mazhom railway station">Mazhom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banihal_railway_station" title="Banihal railway station">Banihal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijbehara_railway_station" title="Bijbehara railway station">Bijbehara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattan_railway_station" title="Pattan railway station">Pattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopore_railway_station" title="Sopore railway station">Sopore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awantipora_railway_station" title="Awantipora railway station">Awantipora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katra_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Katra railway station">Katra</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_1A_(India,_old_numbering)" title="National Highway 1A (India, old numbering)">National Highway 1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu%E2%80%93Srinagar_National_Highway" title="Jammu–Srinagar National Highway">Jammu–Srinagar National Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar%E2%80%93Baramulla_highway" title="Srinagar–Baramulla highway">Srinagar–Baramulla highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhampur%E2%80%93Jammu_highway" title="Udhampur–Jammu highway">Udhampur–Jammu highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leh%E2%80%93Manali_Highway" title="Leh–Manali Highway">Leh–Manali Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Road" title="Mughal Road">Mughal Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90_Feet_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="90 Feet Road">90 Feet Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Local elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Elections in Jammu and Kashmir">Elections in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Sports in Jammu and Kashmir">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_Cricket_Association" title="Jammu & Kashmir Cricket Association">Cricket Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_cricket_team" title="Jammu and Kashmir cricket team">Cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu & Kashmir Football Association">Football association</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_%26_Kashmir_International_Cricket_Stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jammu & Kashmir International Cricket Stadium (page does not exist)">International Cricket Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_International_Half_Marathon" title="Kashmir International Half Marathon">Kashmir International Half Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Springs_Golf_Course,_Srinagar" title="Royal Springs Golf Course, Srinagar">Royal Springs Golf Course, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Marathon" title="Ladakh Marathon">Ladakh Marathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Military_Observer_Group_in_India_and_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan">UNMOGIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_and_the_Jammu_and_Kashmir_floods,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Armed Forces and the Jammu and Kashmir floods, 2014">Indian Armed Forces and the Jammu and Kashmir floods, 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir">Peacebuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_stations_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template:Power stations of Jammu and Kashmir">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir">Human rights abuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_control_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Crowd control in Jammu and Kashmir">Crowd control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Women's rights in Jammu and Kashmir">Women's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Media in Jammu and Kashmir">Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Template:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Template talk:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regions and administrative territories of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawaristan" title="Balawaristan">Balawaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardistan" title="Dardistan">Dardistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_County" title="Hotan County">Hotan County</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rutog_County" title="Rutog County">Rutog County</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_Division" title="Mirpur Division">Mirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_Division" title="Muzaffarabad Division">Muzaffarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_Division" title="Poonch Division">Poonch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_Agency" title="Gilgit Agency">Gilgit Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (princely state)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (Indian state)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram_Province" title="Karakoram Province">Karakoram Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panun_Kashmir" title="Panun Kashmir">Panun Kashmir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&oldid=1254008086">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu_division&oldid=1254008086</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jammu_Division" title="Category:Jammu Division">Jammu Division</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jammu_and_Kashmir" 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