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title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-尊稱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#尊稱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>尊稱</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-尊稱-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关尊稱子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-尊稱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-_中华人民共和国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_中华人民共和国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><span> </span>中华人民共和国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_中华人民共和国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><span> </span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_中華民國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_中華民國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><span> </span>中華民國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_中華民國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-職責及義務" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#職責及義務"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>職責及義務</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-職責及義務-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中華民國對法官職業道德的維護" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中華民國對法官職業道德的維護"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>中華民國對法官職業道德的維護</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中華民國對法官職業道德的維護-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-審判長" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#審判長"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>審判長</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-審判長-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-傳說历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#傳說历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>傳說历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-傳說历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在司法体系中的角色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在司法体系中的角色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>在司法体系中的角色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在司法体系中的角色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>香港</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-香港-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关香港子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-各級司法人員" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各級司法人員"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>各級司法人員</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各級司法人員-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-特徵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特徵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>特徵</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特徵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-另見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>另見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">法官</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。102种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regter" title="Regter – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Regter" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter" title="Richter – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Richter" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuez" title="Chuez – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chuez" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="قاض – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%89" title="قاضى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قاضى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuez" title="Xuez – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xuez" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakim_(h%C3%BCquq)" title="Hakim (hüquq) – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hakim (hüquq)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F" title="Суддзя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Суддзя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F" title="Судзьдзя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Судзьдзя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Съдия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съдия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95" title="বিচারক – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিচারক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁྲིམས་དཔོན། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁྲིམས་དཔོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutge" title="Jutge – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jutge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-gu%C4%83ng" title="Huák-guăng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-guăng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1" title="دادوەر – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دادوەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soudce" title="Soudce – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Soudce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%B3%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Тӳре – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тӳре" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnwr" title="Barnwr – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Barnwr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dommer" title="Dommer – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dommer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter" title="Richter – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak%C4%B1m" title="Hakım – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hakım" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Δικαστής – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δικαστής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge" title="Judge – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Judge" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C4%9Disto" title="Juĝisto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Juĝisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juez" title="Juez – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juez" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohtunik" title="Kohtunik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kohtunik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epaile" title="Epaile – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Epaile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C" title="قاضی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قاضی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuomari" title="Tuomari – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuomari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juge" title="Juge – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Juge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rjochter" title="Rjochter – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rjochter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breitheamh" title="Breitheamh – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Breitheamh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breitheamh" title="Breitheamh – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Breitheamh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu%C3%ADz,_xu%C3%ADza" title="Xuíz, xuíza – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xuíz, xuíza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekojojah%C3%A1ra" title="Tekojojahára – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekojojahára" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B0_(%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0)" title="𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌰 (𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰) – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌰 (𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰)" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98" title="שופט – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שופט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6" title="न्यायाधीश – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यायाधीश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudac" title="Sudac – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sudac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jij" title="Jij – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jij" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADr%C3%B3_(igazs%C3%A1gszolg%C3%A1ltat%C3%A1s)" title="Bíró (igazságszolgáltatás) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bíró (igazságszolgáltatás)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Դատավոր – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դատավոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakim" title="Hakim – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hakim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3mari" title="Dómari – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dómari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudice" title="Giudice – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giudice" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E5%AE%98" title="裁判官 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="裁判官" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%89%D3%80%D1%8D" title="ХеящӀэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ХеящӀэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Судья – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Судья" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EA%B4%80" title="법관 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="법관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadger" title="Dadger – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dadger" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Судья – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Судья" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudex" title="Iudex – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iudex" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudes" title="Giudes – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giudes" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teis%C4%97jas" title="Teisėjas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Teisėjas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiesnesis" title="Tiesnesis – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tiesnesis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakim" title="Hakim – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hakim" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Судија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Судија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6" title="न्यायाधीश – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यायाधीश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakim" title="Hakim – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hakim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jui%C3%A7" title="Juiç – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Juiç" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="တရားသူကြီး – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရားသူကြီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="کادی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کادی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6" title="न्यायाधीश – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="न्यायाधीश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechter" title="Rechter – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rechter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dommar_i_retten" title="Dommar i retten – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dommar i retten" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dommer" title="Dommer – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dommer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutge" title="Jutge – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jutge" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9C" title="ਜੱਜ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੱਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%99dzia" title="Sędzia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sędzia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AC" title="جج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A" title="قاضي – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قاضي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juiz" title="Juiz – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Juiz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taripakuq" title="Taripakuq – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Taripakuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judec%C4%83tor" title="Judecător – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Judecător" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Судья – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Судья" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge" title="Judge – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Judge" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AC" title="جج – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudija" title="Sudija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sudija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge" title="Judge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Judge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudca" title="Sudca – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sudca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodnik" title="Sodnik – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sodnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjyqtari" title="Gjyqtari – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjyqtari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Судија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Судија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domare" title="Domare – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Domare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakimu" title="Hakimu – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hakimu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="న్యాయమూర్తి – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="న్యాయమూర్తి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Қозӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қозӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2)" title="ข้าราชการฝ่ายตุลาการ (ประเทศไทย) – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ข้าราชการฝ่ายตุลาการ (ประเทศไทย)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukom" title="Hukom – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hukom" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2kim_(hukuk)" title="Hâkim (hukuk) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hâkim (hukuk)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%86t%C9%9Bnmuafo" title="Ɔtɛnmuafo – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ɔtɛnmuafo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8F" title="Суддя – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суддя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AC" title="جج – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudya" title="Sudya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sudya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A9m_ph%C3%A1n" title="Thẩm phán – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thẩm phán" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" title="法官 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法官" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="ריכטער – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ריכטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C3%A1j%E1%BB%8D%CC%81" title="Adájọ́ – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Adájọ́" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E4%BA%8B" title="推事 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="推事" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-koa%E2%81%BF" title="Hoat-koaⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-koaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" title="法官 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法官" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16533#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74069148"><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>本條目介紹的是司法機構中的審判人員。關於道教中的職稱，請見<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%B3%95" title="雷法">法官 (道教)</a>。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Justice_and_law.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Justice_and_law.svg/20px-Justice_and_law.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Justice_and_law.svg/30px-Justice_and_law.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Justice_and_law.svg/40px-Justice_and_law.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="維基百科">維基百科</a>中的法律相關內容<b>僅供參考</b>，並<b>不能</b>視作專業意見。如需獲取法律相關的幫助或意見，請諮詢所在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%AE%A1%E8%BD%84%E6%AC%8A" title="司法管轄權">司法管轄區</a>的法律從業人士。詳見<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E" title="Wikipedia:法律声明">法律聲明</a></b>。</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ICJ-CJI_hearing_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/ICJ-CJI_hearing_1.jpg/225px-ICJ-CJI_hearing_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/ICJ-CJI_hearing_1.jpg/338px-ICJ-CJI_hearing_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/ICJ-CJI_hearing_1.jpg/450px-ICJ-CJI_hearing_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="国际法院">国际法院</a>的法官</figcaption></figure> <p><b>法官</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Judge</span>，德語：<span lang="de">Richter</span>，日语：<span lang="ja">裁判官</span>；過去稱作<b>推事</b>）是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="司法機構">司法機構</a>中職司<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A1%E5%88%A4" title="审判">审判</a>職務者的通稱。法官在不同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" title="法系">法系</a>中法官的角色不盡相同，要求基本上都是不得偏袒、不受他人影响、依法行事並鐵面無私的獨立根据<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>判案。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="尊稱"><span id=".E5.B0.8A.E7.A8.B1"></span>尊稱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：尊稱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="_中华人民共和国"><span id="_.E4.B8.AD.E5.8D.8E.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9B.BD"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：中华人民共和国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献：<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:中华人民共和国法官法">中华人民共和国法官法</a></b></div></div> </div> <p>根据《中华人民共和国法官法》，法官是依法行使国家审判权的审判官员，包括最高人民法院、地方各级人民法院和军事法院等专门人民法院的院长、副院长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭长、审判员和助理审判员。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="_香港"><span id="_.E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="香港法院">香港法院</a>內，於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E7%A7%BB%E4%BA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="香港主權移交">香港主權移交</a>後，稱呼法官需要在法官後加上「<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E4%B8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="閣下">閣下</a>」（The Honourable）二字，即法官閣下，以示尊敬。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="香港殖民地時期">香港殖民地時期</a>，則稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%B3%E7%88%B5#.E6.B3.95.E5.AE.98" title="勳爵">大人</a>，即法官大人。另見<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%89%E5%AF%9F%E5%8F%B8" title="按察司">按察司</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="_中華民國"><span id="_.E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：中華民國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>依照中華民國當地的習慣，法官在法庭內的尊稱為「庭上」；根據當地法律，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E8%AD%B0%E5%BA%AD" title="合議庭">合議庭</a>時有審判長、受命法官、陪席法官之分。審判長負責主持訴訟審理；受命法官奉審判長之命，依法撰寫判決；陪席法官則旁觀審判，觀察案情，並於評議時提出意見。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="職責及義務"><span id=".E8.81.B7.E8.B2.AC.E5.8F.8A.E7.BE.A9.E5.8B.99"></span>職責及義務</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：職責及義務"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献：<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E6%B3%95_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" class="extiw" title="s:法官法 (中華民國)">法官法 (中華民國)</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献：<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E6%B3%95_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" class="extiw" title="s:法院組織法 (中華民國)">法院組織法 (中華民國)</a></b></div></div> </div> <p>依中華民國《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E6%B3%95_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" class="extiw" title="s:法官法 (中華民國)">法官法</a>》規定，法官依法獨立進行審判，不受干涉<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時，為避免法官因政治立場而導致司法公正性受損，《法官法》亦明令禁止法官參加<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="政黨">政黨</a>，即便法官於任職前已擁有政黨黨籍，亦應宣布退出<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="中華民國對法官職業道德的維護"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B.E5.B0.8D.E6.B3.95.E5.AE.98.E8.81.B7.E6.A5.AD.E9.81.93.E5.BE.B7.E7.9A.84.E7.B6.AD.E8.AD.B7"></span>中華民國對法官職業道德的維護</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：中華民國對法官職業道德的維護"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="司法院">司法院</a>做為中華民國最高司法機關，必須督導全國各級法院之運作，並同時監督各法院法官（由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7" title="司法院院長">司法院院長</a>負責）<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。為維護法官職業倫理道德，司法院得依《法官法》規定，徵詢全國法官代表之意見，並頒布《法官倫理規範》，供全國法官遵守<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="審判長"><span id=".E5.AF.A9.E5.88.A4.E9.95.B7"></span>審判長</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：審判長"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般而言，訴訟案的審理進程必須由一位法官來負責指揮，這位法官就是法庭上所謂的「<b>審判長</b>」（英語：<span lang="en">Presiding judge</span>），審判長為整場審判的主導人。因為審判的過程可以理解為「由法院以類似<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="會議">會議</a>的形式，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%91%8A" title="原告">原告</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%91%8A" title="被告">被告</a>相互辯論、詰問，藉以確認雙方當事人的法律責任」，因此，審判長之職即與一般會議的「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="主席">主席</a>」略有雷同，都是負責引導程序進行之人。但和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AD%E9%95%B7" title="庭長">庭長</a>不同，庭長負責監督該庭所有的司法行政事務，但審判長僅負責確保審理程序順利進行。若審判僅由一位法官主持，則該法官直接兼任審判長。若是採用<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E8%AD%B0%E5%BA%AD" title="合議庭">合議庭</a>之形式，則由法官們互選產生審判長。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="傳說历史"><span id=".E5.82.B3.E8.AA.AA.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>傳說历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：傳說历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_content.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Globe icon"><img alt="Globe icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/80px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b>論述以部分區域為主</b>，未必有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">普世通用</a>的觀點。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%8B%E9%99%B6" title="皋陶">皋陶</a></div> <p>傳說<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>上古聖王<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9C%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="舜帝">舜帝</a>在位时代的大臣<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%8B%E9%99%B6" title="皋陶">皋陶</a>被後世奉為司法之祖。他有一只神獸<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%AC%E8%B1%B8" title="獬豸">獬豸</a>，在訟案难以做出判决之时，可以根据牠對雙方的碰触來决定谁有罪。舜帝退位後，另一位聖王<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%B9" title="禹">禹帝</a>繼位。禹帝開創<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D" title="夏朝">夏朝</a>之後，皋陶得禹帝欽點，擔任「理官」，掌管刑律，為夏朝初年著名賢臣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="在司法体系中的角色"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E5.8F.B8.E6.B3.95.E4.BD.93.E7.B3.BB.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E8.A7.92.E8.89.B2"></span>在司法体系中的角色</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：在司法体系中的角色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="大陸法系">大陸法系</a>国家中，法官通常是和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="律師">律師</a>分開訓練的；在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F" title="訴訟">訴訟</a>中不會主動地調查案件，但會在審判時主動審問證人和雙方當事人，並公正聆聽雙方當事人提供的證據，然後透過被告及原告之間互相論辯、彼此質疑的過程，對證據的可信度進行確認，再依法做出<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4_(%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B)" title="裁判 (法律)">判決</a>。此制度下，法官是法律的守護者，主要負責維護司法的公正。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="普通法系">普通法系</a>国家中，法官和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="律师">律师</a>都是接受<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="法学院">法学院</a>的训练，法官一般是从经验丰富的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="律师">律师</a>当中挑选，有时也从<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="法学院">法学院</a>的资深<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88" title="教授">教授</a>之中遴聘，而且一般必须得到<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a>、立法机构的批准。在法庭审判中，法官不會主動地調查案件或盤問<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="證人">證人</a>和當事人；他的角色尤如球賽中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E8%AD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="球證">球證</a>，確保控辯雙方有平等的發言機會，並在聆聽雙方的理據後裁決。由於採用判例法，法官不只是應用法律，其判決某程度會延伸了法律，普遍被認為是德高望重才能擔當的職位。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="普通法">普通法</a>制度中法官的角色和古代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>當人們遇上糾紛時尋求作評理的長者非常相似。他不會主動調查事件的始末，而是聆聽雙方的理據，並依當地的風俗習慣作他認為最符合大眾利益的判決。在原始普通法中並沒有成文的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>，法官只是作他認為最佳的判決，故法官作的判決可視為「創造」了法律，而非只是應用法律。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="香港"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span>香港</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2013年11月26日，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%8A%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="立法會司法及法律事務委員會">立法會司法及法律事務委員會</a>討論全體法官及司法人員於2013年至2014年年度加薪3.15%的建議，涉及約1千萬港元。身兼<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="大律師">大律師</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="香港特別行政區立法會">立法會議員</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%A6%AE%E9%8F%97" title="郭榮鏗">郭榮鏗</a>認為，法官的工作量大而且支援不足，令優秀司法人才卻步，不願擔任法官，並批評<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1%E8%96%AA%E4%BF%B8%E5%8F%8A%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%B6%E5%B8%B8%E5%8B%99%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="司法人員薪俸及服務條件常務委員會">司法人員薪俸及服務條件常務委員會</a>的加薪建議脫離現實。立法會議員<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%AF%93%E6%B0%91" title="黃毓民">黃毓民</a>則批評，不少法官皆為臨時委任，加上薪酬遠低於私人執業律師，故此難以吸納精英投身職業。另外，立法會議員<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E6%85%A7%E5%8D%BF" title="劉慧卿">劉慧卿</a>則認為法官人手不足以至拖延審訊時間，對當事人並不公道。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E7%BD%B2" title="行政署">行政署</a>承認<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="高等法院">高等法院</a>原訟庭人手不足，2012年一般民事案件由申請排期至聆訊平均需時244日，遠超於180日標準，惟強調僅為短期人手調配出現問題，而非編制人手不足<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="各級司法人員"><span id=".E5.90.84.E7.B4.9A.E5.8F.B8.E6.B3.95.E4.BA.BA.E5.93.A1"></span>各級司法人員</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：各級司法人員"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>法院</th> <th>法官級別 </th></tr> <tr> <td>終審法院</td> <td>首席法官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>終審法院</td> <td>常任法官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>終審法院</td> <td>非常任法官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>高等法院上訴法庭</td> <td>首席法官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>高等法院上訴法庭</td> <td>法官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>高等法院</td> <td>法官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>高等法院</td> <td>司法常務官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>區域法院</td> <td>首席法官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>區域法院</td> <td>家事法庭主任法官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>區域法院</td> <td>法官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>裁判法院</td> <td>總裁判官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>裁判法院</td> <td>主任裁判官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>裁判法院</td> <td>死因裁判官、勞資審裁處審裁官、小額錢債審裁處審裁官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>裁判法院</td> <td>裁判官 </td></tr> <tr> <td>裁判法院</td> <td>特委裁判官 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="特徵"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E5.BE.B5"></span>特徵</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：特徵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>鑒於法官代表司法權獨立審判的重要性，現今世界上多數憲政國家會將有關法官的職權行使，薪俸、地位的保障以及任免限制直接規範在<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="憲法">憲法</a>內，尤其是積極避免審判涉入政治，或是政治干涉審判，以昭公信。</li> <li>在一些國家，對於法官的裝扮有著特殊要求，以表示法官在法庭上地位的特殊性，及協助審判庭上的人員容易做出身分上的辨別，以及昭示法官接受國家授權，擁有主持司法訴訟之權力。</li></ul> <p>例如：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>的法官開庭時需穿著黑色鑲藍邊<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A2%8D" title="法袍">法袍</a>。 </p> <ul><li>法官執行審判權時，不因其判決有瑕疵而遭受指控，而且其判決不能由法官自行任意改判；因判決而遭受不利益之人，僅能透過上訴尋求救濟。</li> <li>職業法官因長年受法學教育，在法律學說理論大部分為繼受外國理論的國家，例如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>，法官依其對法律確信做出的某些判決結果往往不被社會接受，例如基於精神障礙殺人獲判無罪，相當程度引發該國國內的社會爭議。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>為改善前述問題，推動國民參與審判制度，期望在重大案件透過一般民眾與職業法官共同行使審判權使司法引入人民觀點。參與審判之人民，稱為國民法官，此時參與審判的國民使用法官的稱呼，代表其亦在行使國家司法權，但該國民並非中華民國法官法所稱之法官。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="另見"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E8.A6.8B"></span>另見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：另見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AD%E9%95%B7" title="庭長">庭長</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="司法">司法</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E6%B3%95_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" class="extiw" title="s:法官法 (中華民國)">法官法</a>》第13條第1項：「法官應依據<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="中華民國憲法">憲法</a>及法律，本於良心，超然、獨立、公正審判，不受任何干涉。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E6%B3%95_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" class="extiw" title="s:法官法 (中華民國)">法官法</a>》第15條第1項：「法官於任職期間不得參加<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A" title="政党">政黨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94" title="利益團體">政治團體</a>及其活動，任職前已參加政黨、政治團體者，應退出之。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E6%B3%95_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" class="extiw" title="s:法院組織法 (中華民國)">法院組織法</a>》第110條第1項：「司法院院長監督各級法院及分院。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E6%B3%95_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" class="extiw" title="s:法官法 (中華民國)">法官法</a>》第20條第1項：「司法院院長監督各法院法官及<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B2%E6%88%92%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="懲戒法院">懲戒法院</a>法官。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E6%B3%95_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" class="extiw" title="s:法官法 (中華民國)">法官法</a>》第13條第2項：「法官應遵守法官倫理規範，其內容由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="司法院">司法院</a>徵詢全國法官代表意見定之。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20131127/00176_033.html">法官人手不足拖延審訊</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210322230812/http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20131127/00176_033.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）《東方日報》 2013年11月27日</span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Judges" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Judges"><span style="font-weight:bold;">法官</span></a></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Richter"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4049923-6">德国</a></span></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Richterin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4178089-9">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536164505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85070897">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569954">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="soudci"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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