Technical Reports

<!doctype HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"><html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us"> <meta name="keywords" content="Unicode Standard, technical reports"> <title>Technical Reports</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.unicode.org/webscripts/standard_styles.css"> <style type="text/css"> .light { background-color: #DBDBDB; color: #000000 } </style> </head> <body> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">  <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="icon" style="width:38px; height:35px"> <a href="https://www.unicode.org/"> <img border="0" src="https://www.unicode.org/webscripts/logo60s2.gif" align="middle" alt="[Unicode]" width="34" height="33"></a> </td> <td class="icon" style="vertical-align:middle"> <a class="bar"> </a> <a class="bar" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports"><font size="3">Unicode Technical Reports</font></a> </td> <td class="bar"> <a href="https://www.unicode.org/main.html" class="bar">Tech Site</a> | <a href="https://www.unicode.org/sitemap/" class="bar">Site Map</a> | <a href="https://www.unicode.org/search" class="bar">Search </a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="gray"> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td valign="top" width="25%" class="navCol"> <table class="navColTable" border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td class="navColTitle" height="25">Unicode Technical Reports</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="#annexes">Unicode Standard Annexes</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="uax-proposed-updates.html">Proposed Updates for Standard Annexes</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="#standards">Technical Standards</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="#reports">Technical Reports</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="#stabilized">Stabilized Reports</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="#oldversions">Old Versions of The Unicode Standard</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="#superseded">Other Superseded Reports</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="#withdrawn">Withdrawn or Suspended Reports</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navColTitle" height="25">About Unicode Technical Reports</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="about-reports.html">About Unicode Technical Reports</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navColCell" valign="top"> • <a href="about-reports.html#Types">Types of Reports: UTR, UTS, UAX</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navColCell" valign="top"> • <a href="about-reports.html#Development">Development Process</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navColCell" valign="top"> • <a href="about-reports.html#Versioning">Versioning</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navColCell" valign="top"> • <a href="about-reports.html#Withdrawn">Stabilized, Superseded or Withdrawn</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"> • <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/about-reports.html#Data">Data Files</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/errata/">Errata</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navColTitle" height="25">Related Links</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"> <a href="https://www.unicode.org/review/">Public Review Issues</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/standard/standard.html">About The Unicode Standard</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/">The Unicode Standard</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/standard/versions/enumeratedversions.html"> Archive of Unicode Versions</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/notes/">Unicode Technical Notes</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/glossary/">Glossary</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/faq/specifications.html"> Specifications FAQ</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/">Character Code Charts</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/ucd/">The Unicode Character Database</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="navColCell"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/collation/">Collation</a></td> </tr> </table> </td>  <td> <table> <tr> <td class="contents" valign="top"> <blockquote> <h1>Unicode® Technical Reports</h1> <p>For more information see <a href="about-reports.html">About Unicode Technical Reports</a> and the <a href="https://www.unicode.org/faq/specifications.html"> Specifications FAQ</a>. Unicode Technical Reports are governed by the <a href="https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html">Terms of Use</a>.</p> <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> <tr> <th class="light" colspan="3"><a name="annexes">Unicode Standard Annexes</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">9</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr9/">Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">11</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr11/">East Asian Width</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">14</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr14/">Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">15</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr15/">Unicode Normalization Forms</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">24</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr24/">Unicode Script Property</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">29</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr29/">Unicode Text Segmentation</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">31</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr31/">Unicode Identifiers and Syntax</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">34</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr34/">Unicode Named Character Sequences</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">38</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr38/">Unicode Han Database (Unihan)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">41</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr41/">Common References for Unicode Standard Annexes</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">42</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr42/">Unicode Character Database in XML</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">44</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr44/">Unicode Character Database</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">45</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr45/">U-Source Ideographs</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">50</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr50/">Unicode Vertical Text Layout</a></td> </tr>  <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">53</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr53/">Unicode Arabic Mark Rendering</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">57</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr57/">Unicode Egyptian Hieroglyph Database (Unikemet)</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2"> </td> <td valign="top"> <i>(See also <a href="uax-proposed-updates.html">Proposed Updates for Standard Annexes</a>)</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> </tr>  <tr> <th colspan="3" class="light"><a name="standards">Technical Standards</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">10</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr10/">Unicode Collation Algorithm</a> <br> <i>(See also <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/tr10-52.html">Proposed Update</a>)</i>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">18</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr18/">Unicode Regular Expressions</a>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">35</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr35/">Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML)</a> <br> <i>(See also <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/proposed.html">Proposed Update</a>)</i> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">37</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr37/">Unicode Ideographic Variation Database</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">39</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr39/">Unicode Security Mechanisms</a>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">46</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr46/">Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing</a> <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">51</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr51/">Unicode Emoji</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">55</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr55/">Unicode Source Code Handling</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">58</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr58/"><i>Proposed Draft</i> Unicode Link Detection and Serialization</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="light" colspan="3"><a name="reports">Technical Reports</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">17</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr17/">Unicode Character Encoding Model</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">23</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr23/">The Unicode Character Property Model</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">25</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr25/">Unicode Support for Mathematics</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">33</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr33/">Unicode Conformance Model</a> <br> <i>(See also <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr33/proposed.html">Proposed Update</a>)</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">36</td> <td valign="top"> <a href="tr36/">Unicode Security Considerations</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">54</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr54/">Unicode Mongolian 12.1 Snapshot</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">56</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr56/">Unicode Cuneiform Sign Lists</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">59</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr59/"><i>Proposed Draft</i> East Asian Spacing</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="light" colspan="3"><a name="stabilized"></a><a href="about-reports.html#Stabilized">Stabilized</a> Reports</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">6</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr6/">A Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">16</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr16/">UTF-EBCDIC</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">22</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr22/">Unicode Character Mapping Markup Language</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">26</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr26/">Compatibility Encoding Scheme for UTF-16: 8-Bit (CESU-8)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="light" colspan="3"><a name="oldversions">Old Versions of the Unicode Standard (Superseded)</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">4</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.1.0/">The Unicode Standard, Version 1.1</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">8</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr8/">The Unicode Standard, Version 2.1</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">27</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr27/">Unicode 3.1</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">28</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr28/">Unicode 3.2</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="light" colspan="3"><a name="superseded"></a>Other <a href="about-reports.html#Superseded">Superseded</a> Reports</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">1</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr1/">Proposals for Burmese (Myanmar), Khmer, and Ethiopian</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">2</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr2/">Proposals for Sinhala, Mongolian, and Tibetan</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">3</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr3/">Proposals for Less Common Scripts</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">5</td> <td valign="top"><a href="superseded.html">Handling Non-Spacing Marks</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">7</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr7/">Plane 14 Characters for Language Tags</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">13</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr13/">Unicode Newline Guidelines</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">19</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr19/">UTF-32</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UAX</td> <td valign="top" align="right">21</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr21/">Case Mappings</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="light" colspan="3"><a name="withdrawn"></a><a href="about-reports.html#Withdrawn">Withdrawn</a> or Suspended Reports</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">12</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr12/">Support for Interlinear Annotations</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">20</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr20/">Unicode in XML and other Markup Languages</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">30</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr30/">Unicode Character Foldings</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">32</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr32/">Assessing Unicode Support</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">40</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr40/">BOCU-1: MIME-Compatible Unicode Compression</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTR</td> <td valign="top" align="right">49</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr49/">Unicode Character Categories</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">UTS</td> <td valign="top" align="right">52</td> <td valign="top"><a href="tr52/">Unicode Emoji Mechanisms</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> <hr width="50%"> <div align="center"> <center> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tr> <td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html"><img src="https://www.unicode.org/img/hb_notice.gif" border="0" alt="Access to Copyright and terms of use" width="216" height="50"></a></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

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