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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">等溫過程</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有50種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="عملية متساوية درجة الحرارة – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملية متساوية درجة الحرارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zotermik_proses" title="İzotermik proses – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İzotermik proses" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Ізатэрмічны працэс – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ізатэрмічны працэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Изотермен процес – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изотермен процес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="সমোষ্ণ প্রক্রিয়া – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সমোষ্ণ প্রক্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotermni_proces" title="Izotermni proces – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Izotermni proces" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_isot%C3%A8rmic" title="Procés isotèrmic – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Procés isotèrmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C" title="پرۆسەی ئایزۆتێرمی – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پرۆسەی ئایزۆتێرمی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotermick%C3%BD_d%C4%9Bj" title="Izotermický děj – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izotermický děj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Изотермла процесс – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Изотермла процесс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoterm" title="Isoterm – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Isoterm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotherme_Zustands%C3%A4nderung" title="Isotherme Zustandsänderung – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isotherme Zustandsänderung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Ισόθερμη μεταβολή – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισόθερμη μεταβολή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothermal_process" title="Isothermal process – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Isothermal process" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotemperatura_procezo" title="Izotemperatura procezo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Izotemperatura procezo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceso_isot%C3%A9rmico" title="Proceso isotérmico – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Proceso isotérmico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotermiline_protsess" title="Isotermiline protsess – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Isotermiline protsess" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7" title="فرایند هم‌دما – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرایند هم‌دما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processus_isotherme" title="Processus isotherme – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Processus isotherme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3iseas_isiteirmeach" title="Próiseas isiteirmeach – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Próiseas isiteirmeach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceso_isot%C3%A9rmico" title="Proceso isotérmico – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Proceso isotérmico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99" title="תהליך איזותרמי – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תהליך איזותרמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="समतापी प्रक्रम – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समतापी प्रक्रम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izoterm_%C3%A1llapotv%C3%A1ltoz%C3%A1s" title="Izoterm állapotváltozás – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izoterm állapotváltozás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4_%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Իզոթերմ պրոցես – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իզոթերմ պրոցես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoterma_(termodinamica)" title="Isoterma (termodinamica) – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isoterma (termodinamica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E6%B8%A9%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="等温過程 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="等温過程" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Изотермалық процесс – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Изотермалық процесс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%B1%EC%98%A8%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" title="등온과정 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="등온과정" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Изотерма процесси – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Изотерма процесси" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izoterminis_procesas" title="Izoterminis procesas – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Izoterminis procesas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="സമതാപ പ്രക്രിയ – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സമതാപ പ്രക്രിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotherm_proces" title="Isotherm proces – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isotherm proces" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoterm_prosess" title="Isoterm prosess – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Isoterm prosess" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotermprosess" title="Isotermprosess – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Isotermprosess" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przemiana_izotermiczna" title="Przemiana izotermiczna – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przemiana izotermiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transforma%C3%A7%C3%A3o_isot%C3%A9rmica" title="Transformação isotérmica – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Transformação isotérmica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proces_izotermic" title="Proces izotermic – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Proces izotermic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Изотермический процесс – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изотермический процесс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotermick%C3%BD_dej" title="Izotermický dej – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Izotermický dej" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotermna_sprememba" title="Izotermna sprememba – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izotermna sprememba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Изотермски процес – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Изотермски процес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoterm_process" title="Isoterm process – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isoterm process" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="சமவெப்பச் செயல்முறை – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமவெப்பச் செயல்முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zotermik_proses" title="İzotermik proses – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İzotermik proses" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Ізотермічний процес – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ізотермічний процес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84" title="یکساں حرارتی عمل – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یکساں حرارتی عمل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotermik_jarayon" title="Izotermik jarayon – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Izotermik jarayon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A1_tr%C3%ACnh_%C4%91%E1%BA%B3ng_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Quá trình đẳng nhiệt – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quá trình đẳng nhiệt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" 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</nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasta_Cooking_on_a_Camping_Stove_-_Algonquin_Provincial_Park_2019-09-21_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pasta_Cooking_on_a_Camping_Stove_-_Algonquin_Provincial_Park_2019-09-21_%2802%29.jpg/270px-Pasta_Cooking_on_a_Camping_Stove_-_Algonquin_Provincial_Park_2019-09-21_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pasta_Cooking_on_a_Camping_Stove_-_Algonquin_Provincial_Park_2019-09-21_%2802%29.jpg/405px-Pasta_Cooking_on_a_Camping_Stove_-_Algonquin_Provincial_Park_2019-09-21_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pasta_Cooking_on_a_Camping_Stove_-_Algonquin_Provincial_Park_2019-09-21_%2802%29.jpg/540px-Pasta_Cooking_on_a_Camping_Stove_-_Algonquin_Provincial_Park_2019-09-21_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3268" data-file-height="4085" /></a><figcaption>一煲滾緊嘅水</figcaption></figure> <p>喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="熱力學">熱力學</a>上，<b>等溫過程</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<b>isothermal process</b>）係指唔涉及<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="溫度">溫度</a>（符號 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span>）變化嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="熱力學過程">熱力學過程</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，即係話喺個過程當中， </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T={\text{constant}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>constant</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T={\text{constant}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22327fc14078fca7b2089440828be2deda4ad423" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:13.403ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T={\text{constant}}}"></span>、或者寫做</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta T=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta T=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e38c84a6911e0a58dc08b85d0d9832d6fc23382b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.833ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta T=0}"></span>、或者寫做</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle dT=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle dT=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/11c51161fd4f7b7e52a717800141ed53fc522ecc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.113ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle dT=0}"></span></dd></dl> <p>例：想像家陣煲<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>，假設<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="壓力">壓力</a>由頭到尾都不變，啲水去到 100°C 嗰陣就會<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E7%99%BC" title="蒸發">蒸發</a>，由 100°C 咁熱嘅水變成 100°C 咁熱嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="水蒸氣">水蒸氣</a>－由「100°C 咁熱嘅水」去到「100°C 咁熱嘅水蒸氣」之間嘅過程就係一個等溫過程。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E6%BA%AB%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E7%86%B1" title="潛熱">潛熱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%93" title="焓">焓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%A3%93%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="等壓過程">等壓過程</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E6%BA%AB%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keenan, J. H. (1970). "Chapter 12: Heat-engine cycles". <i>Thermodynamics</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="熱力學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:熱力學"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:熱力學 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="熱力學" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="熱力學">熱力學</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="研究熱、功同能量嘅物理學領域">研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1" title="熱">熱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F" title="功">功</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學">物理學</a>領域</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="古典熱力學">古典熱力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="統計力學">統計力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="化學熱力學">化學熱力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="平衡熱力學">平衡熱力學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="非平衡熱力學">非平衡熱力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="量子熱力學">量子熱力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%86%B1" title="傳熱">傳熱</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg/150px-Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg/225px-Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg/300px-Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="熱力學系統">系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="溫度">溫度</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1" title="熱">熱</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8D" title="凍">凍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E8%A8%88" title="溫度計">溫度計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E6%B0%8F" title="攝氏">攝氏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%8F" title="華氏">華氏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%B0%8F" title="開氏">開氏</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="普朗克溫度">普朗克溫度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E6%BA%AB" title="室溫">室溫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E6%B0%8F%E9%9B%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="攝氏零度">攝氏零度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E9%BB%9E" title="熔點">熔點</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%BB%9E" title="沸點">沸點</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="絕對溫度">絕對溫度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E9%9B%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="絕對零度">絕對零度</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">系統特性</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%8C%E9%99%90_(%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="界限 (熱力學)">界限</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E9%96%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="封閉系統">封閉系統</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="孤立系統">孤立系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%90%AB%E5%90%8C%E5%A4%96%E5%BB%B6%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA" title="內含同外延性質">內含同外延性質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="過程函數">過程函數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA)" title="相 (物質)">相</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="理想氣體">理想氣體</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%9A%9B%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="實際氣體">實際氣體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%96" title="熱力學圖">熱力學圖</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="狀態函數">狀態函數</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="壓力">壓力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%AB%94%E7%A9%8D" title="比體積">比體積</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B" title="微狀態">微狀態</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B5" title="熵">熵</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E5%A3%AB%E7%86%B5" title="吉布士熵">吉布士熵</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B8" title="粒子數">粒子數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8B%A2" title="化學勢">化學勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E9%87%8F" title="蒸氣量">蒸氣量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%8C%96%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA" title="簡化性質">簡化性質</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B" title="熱力學狀態">系統狀態</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B%E8%AE%8A%E6%95%B8" title="狀態變數">狀態變數</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="狀態方程式">狀態方程式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="熱力學平衡">熱力學平衡</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="熱平衡">熱平衡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="控制體積" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Control volume"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E9%AB%94%E7%A9%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="控制體積 (無呢版)">控制體積</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_volume" class="extiw" title="en:Control volume"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Control volume</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%85%8B" title="相態">相態</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" title="固體">固體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E9%AB%94" title="液體">液體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="氣體">氣體</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BC%BF" title="電漿">電漿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E8%AE%8A" title="相變">相變</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E7%B5%90" title="凍結">凍結</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E7%B5%90" title="凝結">凝結</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%8F%AF" title="凝華">凝華</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94" title="熔">熔</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%A8%B0" title="沸騰">沸騰</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E7%99%BC" title="蒸發">蒸發</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%87%E8%8F%AF" title="昇華">昇華</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E9%BB%9E" title="三相點">三相點</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E7%95%8C%E9%BB%9E" title="臨界點">臨界點</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="熱力學過程">過程</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%A3%93%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="等壓過程">等壓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%AE%B9%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="等容過程">等容</a>、<a class="mw-selflink selflink">等溫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%86%B5%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="等熵過程">等熵</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%84%93%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="等焓過程">等焓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%86%B1%E8%B3%AA%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="絕熱質過程">絕熱質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E9%9D%9C%E6%85%8B%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="準靜態過程">準靜態</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%86%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="可逆過程">可逆</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%86%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="不可逆過程">不可逆</a>過程</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3" title="自由擴散">自由擴散</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="熱力學循環">循環</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="熱效率">熱效率</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E4%BD%8D%E8%83%BD" title="熱力位能">位能</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%83%BD" title="自由能">自由能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%83%BD" title="內能">內能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%93" title="焓">焓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E8%8C%B2%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%83%BD" title="亥姆霍茲自由能">亥姆霍茲自由能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E5%A3%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%83%BD" title="吉布士自由能">吉布士自由能</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="熱力學定律">定律</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%AC%E9%9B%B6%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="熱力學第零定律">第零定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="熱力學第一定律">第一定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="熱力學第二定律">第二定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="熱力學第三定律">第三定律</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重要方程</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="熱力學基本關係">熱力學基本關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="理想氣體狀態方程式">理想氣體狀態方程式</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="理想氣體常數">理想氣體常數</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%AB%BE%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86_(%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8)" title="卡諾定理 (熱力學)">卡諾定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BE%85%E7%A7%80%E5%A3%AB%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="卡羅秀士定理">卡羅秀士定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%A3%AB%E7%B6%AD%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="麥士維關係">麥士維關係</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料">材料</a>特性</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F" title="熱容量">熱容量</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F" title="比熱容量">比熱容量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E7%86%B1" title="潛熱">潛熱</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%BD%9B%E7%86%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="比潛熱">比潛熱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%98%BB" title="熱阻">熱阻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%A3%93%E7%B8%AE%E5%BA%A6" title="可壓縮度">可壓縮度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%84%B9%E5%86%B7%E7%B8%AE" title="熱脹冷縮">熱脹冷縮</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">熱力學家</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BD%E5%8A%AA%E5%88%A9" title="丹尼爾白努利">丹尼爾白努利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%A3%AB%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3" title="占士焦耳">占士焦耳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5" title="開爾文男爵">開爾文男爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%A3%AB%E7%B6%AD_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)" class="mw-redirect" title="麥士維 (英國物理學家)">麥士維</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF" title="范德華">范德華</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%B2%E6%9B%BC" title="波茲曼">波茲曼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關概念</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="物理科學">物理科學</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E8%83%BD" title="機械能">機械能</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%83%BD" title="動能">動能</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%AE%88%E6%81%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="能量守恆定律">能量守恆定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3" title="焦耳">焦耳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="布朗運動">布朗運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%E5%8A%9B" title="范德華力">范德華力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="熱輻射">熱輻射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="化學反應">化學反應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%AE%AD%E5%98%B4" title="時間箭嘴">時間箭嘴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%91%BD%E9%81%8B" title="宇宙最終命運">宇宙最終命運</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%AF%82" title="熱寂">熱寂</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="工程學">工程學</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB" title="火">火</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" title="機械">機械</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" title="熱引擎">熱引擎</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%A1%9E" title="活塞">活塞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="永動機">永動機</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%B3%B5" title="熱泵">熱泵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E5%87%8D" title="冷凍">冷凍</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E8%AA%BF%E7%AF%80" title="空氣調節">空氣調節</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E7%86%B1" title="廢熱">廢熱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">第啲領域</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="不確定性">不確定性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="資訊理論">資訊理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E6%B2%8C%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="混沌理論">混沌理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="自我組織">自我組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%86%B1" title="內熱">內熱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" title="天氣">天氣</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候">氣候</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學">物理學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="古典力學">古典力學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="流體力學">流體力學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="量子力學">量子力學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8" title="物理宇宙學">宇宙學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學">生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="生物化學">生物化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="地球科學">地球科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="工程學">工程學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化學工程">化學工程</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="材料物理學">材料物理學</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:熱力學">熱力學類</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Feynmandiagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Feynmandiagram.svg/35px-Feynmandiagram.svg.png" decoding="async" 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