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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voting system</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voting_system-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Voting system subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voting_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voting_difference_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting_difference_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Voting difference by country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voting_difference_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>European political parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voter_behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voter_behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voter behaviour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voter_behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Results_by_member_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_member_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Results by member state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_member_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Off-year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Off-year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Off-year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Off-year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By-elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By-elections_in_the_United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>By-elections in the United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By-elections_in_the_United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Proposed reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commission_President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commission_President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Commission President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commission_President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eligibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eligibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eligibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eligibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Opinion polling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elections to the European Parliament</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="انتخابات البرلمان الأوروبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتخابات البرلمان الأوروبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleiciones_al_Parllamentu_Europ%C3%A9u" title="Eleiciones al Parllamentu Européu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Eleiciones al Parllamentu Européu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%9E_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Выбары ў Еўрапейскім саюзе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выбары ў Еўрапейскім саюзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Избори за Европейския парламент – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Избори за Европейския парламент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleccions_al_Parlament_Europeu" title="Eleccions al Parlament Europeu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eleccions al Parlament Europeu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volby_do_Evropsk%C3%A9ho_parlamentu" title="Volby do Evropského parlamentu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volby do Evropského parlamentu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa-Parlamentsvalg" title="Europa-Parlamentsvalg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Europa-Parlamentsvalg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europawahl" title="Europawahl – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Europawahl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopa_Parlamendi_valimised" title="Euroopa Parlamendi valimised – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Euroopa Parlamendi valimised" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Ευρωεκλογές – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευρωεκλογές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_al_Parlamento_Europeo" title="Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%ADropaj_balotoj" title="Eŭropaj balotoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eŭropaj balotoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="انتخابات پارلمان اروپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات پارلمان اروپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lections_du_Parlement_europ%C3%A9en" title="Élections du Parlement européen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élections du Parlement européen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izbori_za_Europski_parlament" title="Izbori za Europski parlament – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Izbori za Europski parlament" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_europee" title="Elezioni europee – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni europee" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wale_fir_d%27Europ%C3%A4escht_Parlament" title="Wale fir d'Europäescht Parlament – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wale fir d'Europäescht Parlament" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europos_Parlamento_rinkimai" title="Europos Parlamento rinkimai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Europos Parlamento rinkimai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europese_parlemintsverkezinge" title="Europese parlemintsverkezinge – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Europese parlemintsverkezinge" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkiezingen_voor_het_Europees_Parlement" title="Verkiezingen voor het Europees Parlement – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verkiezingen voor het Europees Parlement" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%B7%9E%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="欧州議会議員選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="欧州議会議員選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valg_til_Europaparlamentet" title="Valg til Europaparlamentet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valg til Europaparlamentet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_do_Parlamentu_Europejskiego" title="Wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_na_Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia" title="Eleições na União Europeia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleições na União Europeia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alegerile_pentru_Parlamentul_European" title="Alegerile pentru Parlamentul European – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alegerile pentru Parlamentul European" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Выборы в Европейском союзе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Выборы в Европейском союзе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vo%C4%BEby_do_Eur%C3%B3pskeho_parlamentu" title="Voľby do Európskeho parlamentu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Voľby do Európskeho parlamentu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europarlamenttivaalit" title="Europarlamenttivaalit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Europarlamenttivaalit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_till_Europaparlamentet" title="Val till Europaparlamentet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Val till Europaparlamentet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вибори до Європейського парламенту – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вибори до Європейського парламенту" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یورپی پارلیمان کے انتخابات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یورپی پارلیمان کے انتخابات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%82esion_eoropee" title="Ełesion eoropee – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ełesion eoropee" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="歐洲議會選舉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="歐洲議會選舉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1128324#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 2024 elections, see <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024 European Parliament election</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg/240px-European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg/360px-European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg/480px-European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3389" /></a><figcaption>The hemicycle of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_European_Parliament.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/2021_European_Parliament.svg/240px-2021_European_Parliament.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/2021_European_Parliament.svg/360px-2021_European_Parliament.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/2021_European_Parliament.svg/480px-2021_European_Parliament.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>Political groups of the European Parliament during the 9th legislature (2019–2024): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B71C1C; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL">The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL</a> (The Left)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F0001C; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a> (S&D)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#57B45F; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens–European Free Alliance</a> (Greens/EFA)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a> (Renew)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3399FF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party Group</a> (EPP)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#196CA8; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists</a> (ECR)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0E408A; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy" title="Identity and Democracy">Identity and Democracy</a> (ID)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#999999; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> (NI)</div> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Elections to the European Parliament</b> take place every five years by <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal adult suffrage</a>; with more than 400 million people eligible to vote, they are the second largest democratic elections in the world after <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">India's</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 2019, 751 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were elected to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, which has been directly elected since <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a>. Since the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">withdrawal of the United Kingdom</a> from the EU in 2020, the number of MEPs, including the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">president</a>, has been 705.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No other EU institution is directly elected, with the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> being only indirectly legitimated through national elections.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political parties</a> have the right to campaign EU-wide for the European elections,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> campaigns still take place through national election campaigns, advertising national delegates from national parties. </p><p>The election days are 4 consecutive days, from Thursday to Sunday, between April 7th and July 10th.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latest election took place in <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024</a> and the next election will take place in <a href="/wiki/2029_European_Parliament_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2029 European Parliament election">2029</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apportionment">Apportionment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Apportionment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">Apportionment in the European Parliament</a></div> <p>The allocation of seats to each member state is based on the principle of <a href="/wiki/Degressive_proportionality" title="Degressive proportionality">degressive proportionality</a>, so that, while the size of the population of each country is taken into account, smaller states elect more MEPs than is proportional to their populations. As the numbers of MEPs to be elected by each country have arisen from treaty negotiations, there is no precise formula for the apportionment of seats among member states. No change in this configuration can occur without the unanimous consent of all governments.<sup id="cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">European Parliament Apportionment</a> changes between the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a><br /><small>(as calculated for purposes of the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009 European Elections</a>)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Member state</b> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"><b>2007</b><br /><small><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Nice</a></i></small> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"><b>2009</b><br /><small><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Nice</a></i></small> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"><b>2014</b><br /><small><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Lisbon</a></i></small> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"><b>2014<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b><br /><small>+ Croatia</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">99 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">99 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">96 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">96 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></i> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">72 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">74 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">74 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">72 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">73 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">73 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></i> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">72 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">73 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">73 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></i> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">51 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">51 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></i> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></i> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total:</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>785</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>736</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>751</b><sup id="cite_ref-table_count_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-table_count-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>751</b><sup id="cite_ref-table_count_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-table_count-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" rowspan="3"> <p><small><i>Italicised</i> countries are divided into <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">sub-national constituencies</a>, except France which changed to full-country voting in 2019.<br /></small> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As proposed by <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> on 13 March 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-seats-2014_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seats-2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Included <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, but <i>not</i> any other <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">BOT</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">SBAs</a>), nor the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a>. The United Kingdom and Gibraltar <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">left the European Union on 31 January 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-table_count-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-table_count_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-table_count_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The speaker is not counted officially, thus leaving 750 MEPs.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voting_system">Voting system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Voting system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lead_candidates_for_European_Commission_Presidency_are_voting_(47936410822).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lead_candidates_for_European_Commission_Presidency_are_voting_%2847936410822%29.jpg/220px-Lead_candidates_for_European_Commission_Presidency_are_voting_%2847936410822%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lead_candidates_for_European_Commission_Presidency_are_voting_%2847936410822%29.jpg/330px-Lead_candidates_for_European_Commission_Presidency_are_voting_%2847936410822%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lead_candidates_for_European_Commission_Presidency_are_voting_%2847936410822%29.jpg/440px-Lead_candidates_for_European_Commission_Presidency_are_voting_%2847936410822%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_Vestager" title="Margrethe Vestager">Margrethe Vestager</a> votes in Denmark during the 2019 elections</figcaption></figure> <p>There is no uniform <a href="/wiki/Voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting system">voting system</a> for the election of MEPs; rather, each member state is free to choose its own system, subject to certain restrictions:<sup id="cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The system must be a form of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, under either the <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party list</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a> system.</li> <li>The electoral area may be subdivided if this will not generally affect the proportional nature of the electoral system.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral threshold</a>, if there is any, may not exceed 5%. From the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024 election</a> there might be a minimum threshold of between 2% and 5% for constituencies with more than 35 seats, if the Council Decision (EU, Euratom) 2018/994 of 13 July 2018 is approved by all EU states in accordance with their respective constitutional requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voting_difference_by_country">Voting difference by country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Voting difference by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the member states of the European Union elect their MEPs with a single constituency covering the entire state, using <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list proportional representation</a>. There is however a great variety of electoral procedures: some countries use a <a href="/wiki/Highest_averages_method" title="Highest averages method">highest averages method</a> of proportional representation, some use the <a href="/wiki/Largest_remainder_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest remainder method">largest remainder method</a>, some open lists and others closed. In addition, the method of calculating the quota and the <a href="/wiki/Election_threshold" class="mw-redirect" title="Election threshold">election threshold</a> vary from country to country. Countries with multiple constituencies are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> is split into three <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">constituencies</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Dutch-speaking_electoral_college" title="Dutch-speaking electoral college">Dutch-speaking electoral college</a>, the <a href="/wiki/French-speaking_electoral_college" title="French-speaking electoral college">French-speaking electoral college</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_electoral_college" title="German-speaking electoral college">German-speaking electoral college</a>. The first two of these elect their MEPs using party list PR, but the German-speaking constituency only has one member, who is therefore not elected using a proportional method.</li> <li>Ireland is split into three <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">constituencies</a> and uses the <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a>.</li> <li>The United Kingdom, historically up until its exit from the Union, was split into <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">constituencies</a> representing <a href="/wiki/Scotland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scotland (European Parliament constituency)">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wales (European Parliament constituency)">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a> and each of the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">regions of England</a>. Northern Ireland used the single transferable vote while the other constituencies used party lists. Before 1999, England, Scotland and Wales used <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post</a>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Germany_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Germany (European Parliament constituency)">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Poland (European Parliament constituency)">Poland</a> use a different system, whereby parties are awarded seats based on their nationwide vote as in all of the states that elect members from a single <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">constituency</a>; these seats are given to the candidates on regional lists. With the number of seats for each party known, these are given to the candidates on the regional lists based on the number of votes from each region towards the party's nationwide total, awarded proportionally to the regions. These subdivisions are not strictly constituencies, as they do not affect how many seats each party is awarded, but are districts that the members represent once elected. The number of members for each region is decided dynamically after the election, and depends on <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">voter turnout</a> in each region. A region with high turnout will result in more votes for the parties there, which will result in a greater number of MEPs elected for that region.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_political_parties">European political parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: European political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups of the European Parliament</a></div> <p>The European Union has a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a> involving a number of ideologically diverse <a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political parties</a>. As no single European party has ever gained power alone, their affiliated <a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">parliamentary groups</a> in the European Parliament work together to pass legislation. Since no pan-European government is formed as a result of European elections, long-term coalitions no do exist. </p><p>European parties have the exclusive right to campaign for the European elections; their parliamentary groups are strictly forbidden to campaign and to spend funds on any campaign-related activity. Campaign activities differ per member state since national elections for European Parliament representatives are governed by national law. For instance, a European party may buy unlimited advertising airtime in Estonia, while it is barred from any form of paid advertising in Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahead of the 2014 European elections, European political parties decided to put forward candidates for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a>, also known as "Spitzenkandidaten" or "lead candidates". Each lead candidate led the pan-European campaign of its European party. Even though there is no legal obligation on the European Council to propose the lead candidate of the strongest party to the European Parliament as its nominee for President of the Commission, it was assumed that the Council would accept voters' decision. Indeed, following the victory of the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> (EPP) in the 2014 European elections, its lead candidate <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> was nominated by the Council and later approved by the European Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, following the 2019 European elections, the Council nominated <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> instead of the EPP's lead candidate, <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a>; the European Parliament later approved this nomination. </p><p>The two largest European political parties are the centre-right European People's Party and the centre-left <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> (PES). They also form the two largest parliamentary groups, the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_(European_Parliament_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party (European Parliament group)">EPP Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a>, along with national parties not members of the European parties but represented in the European Parliament. </p><p>There are numerous other European parties and groups, spanning the entire political spectrum. Sometimes, two or more European parties sit in the same group, such as members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">European Green Party</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Alliance" title="European Free Alliance">European Free Alliance</a> sitting together in the <a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens–European Free Alliance</a> group. Members of the European Parliament who are not members of a parliamentary group are known as <i><a href="/wiki/Non-inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-inscrits">non-inscrits</a></i>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tenth_European_Parliament" title="Tenth European Parliament">Tenth European Parliament</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">and affiliated <a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political parties</a></span> </th> <th>MEPs </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3399FF"> </td> <td><b>EPP Group</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group"><b>Group of the European People's Party</b></a><br /><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party"><small>European People's Party</small></a> </td> <td><div style="width: 8em;"><span class="nowrap">188 / 720 (26%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3399FF; width: 26%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F0001C"> </td> <td><b>S&D</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats"><b>Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament</b></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists"><small>Party of European Socialists</small></a> </td> <td><div style="width: 8em;"><span class="nowrap">136 / 720 (19%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F0001C; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#253082"> </td> <td><b>PfE</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Patriots_for_Europe" title="Patriots for Europe">Patriots for Europe</a></b><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Patriots.eu" title="Patriots.eu">Patriots.eu</a></small> <br /><small><a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="European Christian Political Movement">European Christian Political Movement</a></small><br /> </td> <td><div style="width: 8em;"><span class="nowrap">86 / 720 (12%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #253082; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#196CA8"> </td> <td><b>ECR</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group"><b>European Conservatives and Reformists Group</b></a><br /><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Party"><small>European Conservatives and Reformists Party</small></a><br /><a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="European Christian Political Movement"><small>European Christian Political Movement</small></a> </td> <td><div style="width: 8em;"><span class="nowrap">78 / 720 (11%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #196CA8; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFD700"> </td> <td><b>Renew</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe"><b>Renew Europe Group</b></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><small>Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</small></a><br /><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party"><small>European Democratic Party</small></a> </td> <td><div style="width: 8em;"><span class="nowrap">77 / 720 (11%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFD700; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#57B45F"> </td> <td><b>Greens/EFA</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance"><b>Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance</b></a><br /><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party"><small>European Green Party</small></a><br /><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Alliance" title="European Free Alliance"><small>European Free Alliance</small></a> </td> <td><div style="width: 8em;"><span class="nowrap">53 / 720 (7%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #57B45F; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#B71C1C"> </td> <td><b>The Left</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL">The Left group in the European Parliament - GUE/NGL</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Party of the European Left"><small>Party of the European Left</small></a> </td> <td><div style="width: 8em;"><span class="nowrap">46 / 720 (6%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #B71C1C; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#13517E"> </td> <td><b>ESN</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Sovereign_Nations_Group" title="Europe of Sovereign Nations Group">Europe of Sovereign Nations Group</a></b><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Sovereign_Nations_(party)" title="Europe of Sovereign Nations (party)">Europe of Sovereign Nations</a></small><br /> </td> <td><div style="width: 8em;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 720 (3%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #13517E; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#999999"> </td> <td><b>NI</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-attached Members</a></b> </td> <td><div style="width: 8em;"><span class="nowrap">30 / 720 (4%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #999999; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ffffff"> </td> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2024%E2%80%932029)#Vacancies" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2024–2029)">Vacant</a></b> </td> <td><div style="width: 8em;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 720</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #ffffff; width: 0.1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voter_behaviour">Voter behaviour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Voter behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 1980 analysis by Karlheinz Reif and Hermann Schmitt concluded that European elections were fought on national issues and used by voters to punish their governments mid-term, making European Parliament elections de facto national elections of second rank.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This phenomenon is also referred to by some experts as the "punishment traps", wherein voters use the European Parliament elections and other European integration referendums as punishment for governments on account of bad economic performance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a study that showed how voters tend to choose candidates of a party at the European level if it has a history of advancing specific issues that they care about.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is related to the second theory that explains voter behavior and it involves the so-called attitude voting in which voters are assumed to be acting on the basis of their attitude towards the European integration.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">American two-party system</a> in the sense that voting on issues and legislation in the Parliament only requires a yes or no vote, which means voters vote for options or candidates that are close to their ideals. </p><p>Turnout had constantly fallen in every EU election from 1979 until 2014. The 2019 election, however, saw turnout increase to its highest level since 1994, at 51%. In 2009, the overall turnout was at 43%, down from 45.5% in 2004. In Britain the turnout was just 34.3%, down from 38% in 2004. Despite falling below 50% between 1999 and 2014, turnout was not as low as that of the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">US Midterm elections</a>, which usually falls below 40%. However, the comparison with the US voter turnout is hampered due to the fact that the US president is elected in separate and direct elections (<a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a>), whereas the President of the European Commission is elected by the European Parliament (<a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>), giving the European Parliament elections considerable weight. Some, such as former President of the European Parliament, <a href="/wiki/Pat_Cox" title="Pat Cox">Pat Cox</a>, have also noted that turnout in the 1999 election was higher than the previous <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">US presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German MEP <a href="/wiki/Jo_Leinen" title="Jo Leinen">Jo Leinen</a> has suggested that EU parties name their top candidate for the position of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a> in order to increase turnout.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EUO_Political_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUO_Political-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This happened for the 2014 election, with EPP candidate <a href="/wiki/Jean_Claude_Juncker" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Claude Juncker">Jean Claude Juncker</a> ultimately selected, after the EPP won the most seats overall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_cg33j6rg6sxkgv61eum9x9uayal0sjb"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" coords="4,157,62,177" title="Member of the European Parliament" alt="Member of the European Parliament" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/European_Parliament_election%2C_2024" coords="0,153,50,143" title="European Parliament election, 2024" alt="European Parliament election, 2024" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/European_Parliament_election%2C_2019" coords="0,138,50,128" title="European Parliament election, 2019" alt="European Parliament election, 2019" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/European_Parliament_election%2C_2014" coords="0,124,50,114" title="European Parliament election, 2014" alt="European Parliament election, 2014" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/European_Parliament_election%2C_2009" coords="0,109,50,99" title="European Parliament election, 2009" alt="European Parliament election, 2009" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/European_Parliament_election%2C_2004" coords="0,95,50,85" title="European Parliament election, 2004" alt="European Parliament election, 2004" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/European_Parliament_election%2C_1999" coords="0,80,50,70" title="European Parliament election, 1999" alt="European Parliament election, 1999" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/European_Parliament_election%2C_1994" coords="0,66,50,56" title="European Parliament election, 1994" alt="European Parliament election, 1994" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/European_Parliament_election%2C_1989" coords="0,51,50,41" title="European Parliament election, 1989" alt="European Parliament election, 1989" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/European_Parliament_election%2C_1984" coords="0,37,50,27" title="European Parliament election, 1984" alt="European Parliament election, 1984" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/European_Parliament_election%2C_1979" coords="0,23,50,13" title="European Parliament election, 1979" alt="European Parliament election, 1979" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_cg33j6rg6sxkgv61eum9x9uayal0sjb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/cg33j6rg6sxkgv61eum9x9uayal0sjb.png" /></div> <table style="float:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>List of elections (excluding <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Parliament_by-elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of European Parliament by-elections in the United Kingdom">by-elections</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019 – EU 28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014 – EU 28</a></li> <li>2013 – <a href="/wiki/2013_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2013 European Parliament election in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009 – EU 27</a></li> <li>2007 – <a href="/wiki/2007_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2007 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/2007_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2007 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004 – EU 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999 – EU 15</a></li> <li>1996 – <a href="/wiki/1996_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="1996 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/1996_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="1996 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li>1995 – <a href="/wiki/1995_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="1995 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994 – EU 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election" title="1989 European Parliament election">1989 – EC 12</a></li> <li>1987 – <a href="/wiki/1987_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1987 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/1987_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1987 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election" title="1984 European Parliament election">1984 – EC 10</a></li> <li>1981 – <a href="/wiki/1981_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1981 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979 – EC 9</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Parliament_elections_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Parliament elections by state">List of European Parliament elections by state</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:Politics of the European Union">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/125px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/188px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/250px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a> (27)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div><ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Candidate countries</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Moldova</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Ukraine</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Countries with suspended accession negotiations</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Applicant countries</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_states_participating_in_the_European_integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Special territories of states participating in the European integration">Special territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Belgium–Germany relations">Belgium–Germany relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="France–Germany relations">France–Germany relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Germany–Netherlands relations">Germany–Netherlands relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_three" title="EU three">EU 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal from the European Union</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties and Declarations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schuman_Declaration" title="Schuman Declaration">Schuman Declaration</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1951)" title="Treaty of Paris (1951)">Treaty of Paris</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Declaration" title="Europe Declaration">Europe Declaration</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaak_Report" title="Spaak Report">Spaak Report</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euratom_Treaty" title="Euratom Treaty">Euratom Treaty</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">Merger Treaty</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Declaration_on_European_Union" title="Solemn Declaration on European Union">Solemn Declaration</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Treaty of Amsterdam</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(2007)" title="Berlin Declaration (2007)">Berlin Declaration</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> (2007) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_7_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union" title="Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union">Article 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Article 50</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">Opt-outs</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Treaties of accession</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1972" title="Treaty of Accession 1972">1972</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1979" title="Treaty of Accession 1979">1979</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1985" title="Treaty of Accession 1985">1985</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1994" title="Treaty of Accession 1994">1994</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2003" title="Treaty of Accession 2003">2003</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2005" title="Treaty of Accession 2005">2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2011" title="Treaty of Accession 2011">2011</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Treaties of succession</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">1984</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">2020</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Other treaties</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area Agreement</a> (1992)</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Abandoned treaties and agreements</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe" title="Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe">European Constitution</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" title="2015–2016 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">UK membership renegotiation</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Executive institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a> (ALDE) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council#Political_parties" title="European Council">Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Council_meetings" title="List of European Council meetings">List of meetings</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission" title="Von der Leyen Commission">Von der Leyen Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Von der Leyen</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner">College of Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Civil_Service" title="European Civil Service">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_European_Commission" title="Secretary-General of the European Commission">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ilze_Juhansone" title="Ilze Juhansone"> Juhansone</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative institutions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative procedure</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the EU</a></b><br /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a></b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/2024_Hungarian_Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="2024 Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union"><b>Hungary</b></a></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">(<a href="/wiki/2024_Hungarian_Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="2024 Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union">July–December 2024</a>) </div></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Configurations</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Affairs_Council" title="General Affairs Council">GAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">FAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Affairs_Council" title="Economic and Financial Affairs Council">ECOFIN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Fisheries_Council" title="Agriculture and Fisheries Council">AGRIFISH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment,_Social_Policy,_Health_and_Consumer_Affairs_Council" title="Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council">EPSCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitiveness_Council_(COMPET)" title="Competitiveness Council (COMPET)">COMPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport,_Telecommunications_and_Energy_Council" title="Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council">TTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_Council" title="Environment Council">ENVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Home_Affairs_Council" title="Justice and Home Affairs Council">JHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education,_Youth,_Culture_and_Sport_Council" title="Education, Youth, Culture and Sport Council">EYC</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Voting in the Council of the European Union">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Blanchet" title="Thérèse Blanchet">Thérèse Blanchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_directorates-general_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of directorates-general of the Council of the European Union">Directorates-general</a></li></ul></li> <li>Council preparatory bodies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Permanent_Representatives" title="Committee of Permanent Representatives">COREPER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_Working_Party" title="Council Working Party">Council Working Parties</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2024%E2%80%932029)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2024–2029)">Members</a>)</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Metsola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Largest groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party group">EPP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iratxe_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Iratxe García">Iratxe García</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_European_Parliament" title="Tenth European Parliament">10th session</a> (2024–2029)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Bureau of the European Parliament">Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Vice-President of the European Parliament">Vice Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestor_(European_Parliament)" title="Quaestor (European Parliament)">Quaestor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Presidents_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament">Conference</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/National_parliaments_of_the_European_Union" title="National parliaments of the European Union">National parliaments</a></b></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Judicial institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the EU</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Court_of_Justice" title="List of members of the European Court of Justice">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_General_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advocate General (European Union)">Advocates General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Court_of_Justice_rulings" title="List of European Court of Justice rulings">Rulings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Auditory institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Other auditory bodies</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Audit_Service_(European_Commission)" title="Internal Audit Service (European Commission)">Internal Audit Service of the Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Budgetary_Control" title="European Parliament Committee on Budgetary Control"> Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Affairs_Council" title="Economic and Financial Affairs Council">Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Anti-Fraud_Office" title="European Anti-Fraud Office">Anti-Fraud Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Public_Prosecutor%27s_Office" title="European Public Prosecutor's Office">Public Prosecutor's Office</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="President of the European Central Bank">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Lagarde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">ESCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">EMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_banknotes" title="Euro banknotes">Euro banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_coins" title="Euro coins">Euro coins</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Other bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>European Investment Bank Group</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Fund" title="European Investment Fund">Investment Fund</a></li> <li>EIB Institute</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>European Stability Mechanism</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>European University Institute</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Unified Patent Court</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Patent_Court" title="Unified Patent Court">Unified Patent Court</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Agencies,_decentralised_independent_bodies_and_joint_undertakings_of_the_European_Union_and_the_Euratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom">Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings</a></b></div> <ul><li>Decentralised agencies of the EU <ul><li>Single market agencies</li> <li>CFSP agencies</li> <li>AFSC agencies</li> <li>ESFS <a href="/wiki/European_Supervisory_Authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="European Supervisory Authorities">European Supervisory Authorities</a></li> <li>SRM bodies</li></ul></li> <li>Executive agencies of the EU</li> <li>Euratom agencies</li> <li>Decentralised independent bodies of the EU <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Institute_of_Innovation_and_Technology" title="European Institute of Innovation and Technology">European Institute of Innovation and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Public_Prosecutor%27s_Office" title="European Public Prosecutor's Office">European Public Prosecutor's Office</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corporate bodies of the EU <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Board" title="European Data Protection Board">European Data Protection Board</a></li> <li>Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations</li></ul></li> <li>Joint undertakings <ul><li>of the EU</li> <li>of the Euratom</li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Other independent bodies</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Supervisor" title="European Data Protection Supervisor">European Data Protection Supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Advisory_bodies_to_the_European_Union" title="Advisory bodies to the European Union">Advisory bodies</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_and_Social_Committee" title="European Economic and Social Committee">European Economic and Social Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">European Union Military Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Inter-institutional bodies</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Publications_Office_of_the_European_Union" title="Publications Office of the European Union">Publications Office of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Personnel_Selection_Office" title="European Personnel Selection Office">European Personnel Selection Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Anti-Fraud_Office" title="European Anti-Fraud Office">Anti-Fraud Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Administrative_School" class="mw-redirect" title="European Administrative School">European Administrative School</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">Euratom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Euratom members</b></div> <div><ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Associated states</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_European_Union" title="Nuclear power in the European Union">Nuclear power in the European Union</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Euratom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Euratom since 1 January 2021"><img alt="Euratom since 1 January 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/200px-Euratom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/300px-Euratom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/400px-Euratom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Euratom since 1 January 2021</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone members</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></b></div> <ul><li><b>President</b> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Donohoe" title="Paschal Donohoe">Paschal Donohoe</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Currencies of the European Union">Other currencies in use</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_lev" title="Bulgarian lev">Bulgarian lev</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_koruna" title="Czech koruna">Czech koruna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_forint" title="Hungarian forint">Hungarian forint</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty" title="Polish złoty">Polish złoty</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Romanian leu</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Swedish krona</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism" title="European Exchange Rate Mechanism">ERM II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_eurozone" title="Enlargement of the eurozone">Enlargement of the eurozone</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Non Euro countries relationship to Euro</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_and_the_euro" title="Bulgaria and the euro">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_and_the_euro" title="Czech Republic and the euro">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_and_the_euro" title="Denmark and the euro">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_euro" title="Hungary and the euro">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_and_the_euro" title="Poland and the euro">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_and_the_euro" title="Sweden and the euro">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_and_the_euro" title="Romania and the euro">Romania</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurozone.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurozone since 2015"><img alt="Eurozone since 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/200px-Eurozone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/300px-Eurozone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/400px-Eurozone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Eurozone since 2015</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Non-EU members</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BCm_Convention" title="Prüm Convention">Prüm Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Information_System" title="Schengen Information System">Schengen Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Information_System" title="Visa Information System">Visa Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy of the Schengen Area</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Non-Schengen area EU member states</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> (Opt-out)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schengen Area from January 2023"><img alt="Schengen Area from January 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/200px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/400px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Schengen Area from January 2023</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>EEA members</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (provisional member)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Non-EU members</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Topics</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEA_Joint_Committee" title="EEA Joint Committee">EEA Joint Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity cards in the European Economic Area">EEA National Identity cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">Microstates and the European Union</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EEA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="European Economic Area"><img alt="European Economic Area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/200px-EEA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/300px-EEA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/400px-EEA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>European Economic Area</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elections to the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation">European foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups of the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzenkandidat" title="Spitzenkandidat">Spitzenkandidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_related_to_the_European_Union" title="Referendums related to the European Union">Referendums related to the EU</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>European elections</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election" title="1984 European Parliament election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election" title="1989 European Parliament election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024 (latest election)</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Elections in EU member states</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Austria" title="Elections in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belgium" title="Elections in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bulgaria" title="Elections in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Elections in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Denmark" title="Elections in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Estonia" title="Elections in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Finland" title="Elections in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greece" title="Elections in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Latvia" title="Elections in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Luxembourg" title="Elections in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malta" title="Elections in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Poland" title="Elections in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Portugal" title="Elections in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovakia" title="Elections in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovenia" title="Elections in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">Law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Acquis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_European_Union_law" title="Primacy of European Union law">Primacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Costa_v_ENEL" title="Costa v ENEL">ECJ Case 6/64</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(European_Union)" title="Subsidiarity (European Union)">Subsidiarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">Directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_(European_Union)" title="Decision (European Union)">Decision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recommendation_(European_Union)" title="Recommendation (European Union)">Recommendation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Fundamental Rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies and issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free Trade Agreements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">European Single Market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Area of FS&J</a></li></ul></li> <li>Policies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">Regional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">Citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passports_of_the_European_Union" title="Passports of the European Union">Passports of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_identity" title="Pan-European identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_banking_union" title="European banking union">European banking union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Banking_Supervision" title="European Banking Supervision">European Banking Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Mechanism" title="Single Resolution Mechanism">Single Resolution Mechanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Markets_Union" title="Capital Markets Union">Capital Markets Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervision" title="European System of Financial Supervision">European System of Financial Supervision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">Integration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">European Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-speed_Europe" title="Multi-speed Europe">Multi-speed Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_cooperation" title="Enhanced cooperation">Enhanced cooperation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">Ext. Action Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Foreign Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Defence Policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Foreign relations of EU member states</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Austria" title="Foreign relations of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belgium" title="Foreign relations of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bulgaria" title="Foreign relations of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Denmark" title="Foreign relations of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia" title="Foreign relations of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Finland" title="Foreign relations of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Greece" title="Foreign relations of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hungary" title="Foreign relations of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Latvia" title="Foreign relations of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lithuania" title="Foreign relations of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Luxembourg" title="Foreign relations of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Poland" title="Foreign relations of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Portugal" title="Foreign relations of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovakia" title="Foreign relations of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovenia" title="Foreign relations of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sweden" title="Foreign relations of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Argentina–European Union relations">Argentina–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Armenia–European Union relations">Armenia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Australia–European Union relations">Australia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Brazil–European Union relations">Brazil–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Canada–European Union relations">Canada–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">China–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">European Union–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">Iceland–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Kazakhstan–European Union relations">Kazakhstan–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Japan–European Union relations">Japan–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Mexico–European Union relations">Mexico–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Moldova–European Union relations">Moldova–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">Norway–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">Russia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union 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mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> (1958–1993) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Convention on the Future of Europe">Convention on the Future of Europe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Historical percentage (of seats) results in union-wide elections of the three major groups by region.<sup id="cite_ref-historicalResultsFrench_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historicalResultsFrench-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#fff;"><b>Region</b> </td> <td style="background:#fff;"><b><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#fff;"><b><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election" title="1984 European Parliament election">1984</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#fff;"><b><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election" title="1989 European Parliament election">1989</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#fff;"><b><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#fff;"><b><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#fff;"><b><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#fff;"><b><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election"><b>2019</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#ddd;">Northern<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#def;">3.6 </td> <td style="background:#def;">6.3 </td> <td style="background:#def;">6.3 </td> <td style="background:#def;">22 </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>35.3</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>31.2</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;">10.9 </td> <td style="background:#def;">9.2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffd;">3.6 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">2.7 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">4.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">6.8 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">16.7 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">18.1 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">20.3 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">9.2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>23.2</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>33</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>45.5</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>56.8</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">27.6 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">23.9 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>21</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>24.6</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fff;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#ccc;">Western<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#def;">33.6 </td> <td style="background:#def;">30.9 </td> <td style="background:#def;">26.7 </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>31.9</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>36.4</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>34.9</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>37.3</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>29.5</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffd;">6.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">10.6 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">12 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">8.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">5.2 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">11.9 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">12.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">10.8 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>34.1</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>32.7</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>32.7</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">29.9 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">27.9 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">30.2 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">20.8 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">22 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fff;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#ddd;">Southern<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>37</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>34.3</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>29.6</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;">25.9 </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>39.8</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>38.2</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>45.2</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;">28.2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffd;">6.2 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">4.8 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">9.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">8.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">5 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">7.9 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">5 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">5.5 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">16 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">21 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">29.1 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>29.9</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">30.8 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">33 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">35 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>34.3</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fff;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#ccc;">Central and <br />South-Eastern<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#def;">- </td> <td style="background:#def;">- </td> <td style="background:#def;">- </td> <td style="background:#def;">- </td> <td style="background:#def;">- </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>46.4</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>41</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>43.7</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffd;">- </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">- </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">- </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">- </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">- </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">14.3 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">10 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">9.5 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">- </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">- </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">- </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">- </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">- </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">21.4 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">23.7 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">22.6 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fff;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#fff;">Total </td> <td style="background:#def;">26 </td> <td style="background:#def;">25.3 </td> <td style="background:#def;">23.4 </td> <td style="background:#def;">27.7 </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>37.2</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>36.9</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>36</b> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><b>29.4</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffd;">9.8 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">7.1 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">9.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">7.6 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">8 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">12.4 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">11.4 </td> <td style="background:#ffd;">8.9 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>27.6</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>30</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>34.2</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><b>34.9</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">28.8 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">28.3 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">25 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">25.4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccc;"> <td>Turnout of <br />registered voters<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>61.99 </td> <td>58.98 </td> <td>58.41 </td> <td>56.67 </td> <td>49.51 </td> <td>45.47 </td> <td>42.97 </td> <td>42.61 </td> <td>50.66 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small><b>Legend:</b>   <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffe8e8; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Socialist (<a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">PES</a>/<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a>) – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffd; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Liberal (<a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_(European_Parliament_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (European Parliament group)">ELDR</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_(European_Parliament_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (European Parliament group)">ALDE</a>) – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#def; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> People's (<a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_(European_Parliament_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party (European Parliament group)">EPP</a>/<a href="/wiki/EPP-ED" class="mw-redirect" title="EPP-ED">EPP-ED</a>)</small> </p> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Percentage turnout of registered voters in previous elections<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_member_state">Results by member state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Results by member state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; border-collapse:collapse"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election</th> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election" title="1984 European Parliament election">1984</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election" title="1989 European Parliament election">1989</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Belgium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1979 European Parliament election in Belgium">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1984 European Parliament election in Belgium">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1989 European Parliament election in Belgium">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1994 European Parliament election in Belgium">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1999 European Parliament election in Belgium">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2004 European Parliament election in Belgium">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2009 European Parliament election in Belgium">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2014 European Parliament election in Belgium">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2019 European Parliament election in Belgium">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Denmark_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Denmark (European Parliament constituency)">Denmark</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1979 European Parliament election in Denmark">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1984 European Parliament election in Denmark">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1989 European Parliament election in Denmark">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1994 European Parliament election in Denmark">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1999 European Parliament election in Denmark">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2004 European Parliament election in Denmark">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2009 European Parliament election in Denmark">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2014 European Parliament election in Denmark">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2019 European Parliament election in Denmark">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituencies_in_France" title="European Parliament constituencies in France">France</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1979 European Parliament election in France">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1984 European Parliament election in France">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1989 European Parliament election in France">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1994 European Parliament election in France">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1999 European Parliament election in France">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2004 European Parliament election in France">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2009 European Parliament election in France">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2014 European Parliament election in France">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2019 European Parliament election in France">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Germany_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Germany (European Parliament constituency)">Germany</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1979 European Parliament election in West Germany">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1984 European Parliament election in West Germany">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1989 European Parliament election in West Germany">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1994 European Parliament election in Germany">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1999 European Parliament election in Germany">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2004 European Parliament election in Germany">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2009 European Parliament election in Germany">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2014 European Parliament election in Germany">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2019 European Parliament election in Germany">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituencies_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="European Parliament constituencies in Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1979 European Parliament election in Ireland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1984 European Parliament election in Ireland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1989 European Parliament election in Ireland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1994 European Parliament election in Ireland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1999 European Parliament election in Ireland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Ireland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Ireland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Ireland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Ireland">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Italy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1979 European Parliament election in Italy">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1984 European Parliament election in Italy">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1989 European Parliament election in Italy">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1994 European Parliament election in Italy">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1999 European Parliament election in Italy">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2004 European Parliament election in Italy">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2009 European Parliament election in Italy">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2014 European Parliament election in Italy">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2019 European Parliament election in Italy">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Luxembourg (European Parliament constituency)">Luxembourg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1979 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1984 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1989 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1994 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1999 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2004 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2009 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2014 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2019 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Netherlands (European Parliament constituency)">Netherlands</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituencies_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="European Parliament constituencies in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1989 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Greece_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Greece (European Parliament constituency)">Greece</a></td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1984 European Parliament election in Greece">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1989 European Parliament election in Greece">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1994 European Parliament election in Greece">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1999 European Parliament election in Greece">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2004 European Parliament election in Greece">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2009 European Parliament election in Greece">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2014 European Parliament election in Greece">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2019 European Parliament election in Greece">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Portugal (European Parliament constituency)">Portugal</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1989 European Parliament election in Portugal">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1994 European Parliament election in Portugal">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1999 European Parliament election in Portugal">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2004 European Parliament election in Portugal">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2009 European Parliament election in Portugal">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2014 European Parliament election in Portugal">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2019 European Parliament election in Portugal">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Spain_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Spain (European Parliament constituency)">Spain</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1989 European Parliament election in Spain">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1994 European Parliament election in Spain">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1999 European Parliament election in Spain">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2004 European Parliament election in Spain">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2009 European Parliament election in Spain">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2014 European Parliament election in Spain">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2019 European Parliament election in Spain">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Austria_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Austria (European Parliament constituency)">Austria</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="1999 European Parliament election in Austria">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2004 European Parliament election in Austria">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2009 European Parliament election in Austria">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2014 European Parliament election in Austria">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2019 European Parliament election in Austria">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Finland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Finland (European Parliament constituency)">Finland</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="1999 European Parliament election in Finland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Finland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Finland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Finland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Finland">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sweden_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sweden (European Parliament constituency)">Sweden</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="1999 European Parliament election in Sweden">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2004 European Parliament election in Sweden">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2009 European Parliament election in Sweden">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2014 European Parliament election in Sweden">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2019 European Parliament election in Sweden">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cyprus (European Parliament constituency)">Cyprus</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2004 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2009 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2014 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2019 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Czech Republic (European Parliament constituency)">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Estonia_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Estonia (European Parliament constituency)">Estonia</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Estonia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Estonia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Estonia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Estonia">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hungary_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hungary (European Parliament constituency)">Hungary</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2004 European Parliament election in Hungary">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2009 European Parliament election in Hungary">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2014 European Parliament election in Hungary">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2019 European Parliament election in Hungary">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Latvia_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Latvia (European Parliament constituency)">Latvia</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Latvia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Latvia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Latvia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Latvia">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lithuania (European Parliament constituency)">Lithuania</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2004 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2009 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2014 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2019 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Malta_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Malta (European Parliament constituency)">Malta</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2004 European Parliament election in Malta">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2009 European Parliament election in Malta">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2014 European Parliament election in Malta">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2019 European Parliament election in Malta">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Poland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Poland (European Parliament constituency)">Poland</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Poland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Poland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Poland">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Poland">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Slovakia (European Parliament constituency)">Slovakia</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Slovenia (European Parliament constituency)">Slovenia</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bulgaria (European Parliament constituency)">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2009 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2014 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2019 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Romania_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Romania (European Parliament constituency)">Romania</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2009 European Parliament election in Romania">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2014 European Parliament election in Romania">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2019 European Parliament election in Romania">Results</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Croatia_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Croatia (European Parliament constituency)">Croatia</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Croatia">Results</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Croatia">Results</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Off-year">Off-year</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Off-year"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1981: <a href="/wiki/1981_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1981 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a> </p><p>1987: <a href="/wiki/1987_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1987 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/1987_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1987 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a> </p><p>1995: <a href="/wiki/1995_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="1995 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a> </p><p>1996: <a href="/wiki/1996_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="1996 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/1996_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="1996 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a> </p><p>2007: <a href="/wiki/2007_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2007 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/2007_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2007 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania</a> </p><p>2013: <a href="/wiki/2013_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2013 European Parliament election in Croatia">Croatia</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By-elections_in_the_United_Kingdom">By-elections in the United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: By-elections in the United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Parliament_by-elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of European Parliament by-elections in the United Kingdom">List of European Parliament by-elections in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>1979: <a href="/wiki/London_South_West_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="London South West (European Parliament constituency)">London South West</a> </p><p>1987: <a href="/wiki/Midlands_West_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Midlands West (European Parliament constituency)">Midlands West</a> </p><p>1988: <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_Central_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hampshire Central (European Parliament constituency)">Hampshire Central</a> </p><p>1996: <a href="/wiki/Merseyside_West_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Merseyside West (European Parliament constituency)">Merseyside West</a> </p><p>1998: <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_South_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire South (European Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire South</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_East_Scotland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North East Scotland (European Parliament constituency)">North East Scotland</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposed_reforms">Proposed reforms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Proposed reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Spitzenkandidat" title="Spitzenkandidat">Spitzenkandidat</a></div> <p>The final report of the <a href="/wiki/Conference_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Conference on the Future of Europe">Conference on the Future of Europe</a> includes more than 320 proposed measures to reform the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It proposes amending EU electoral law to harmonise electoral conditions (voting age, election date, requirements for electoral districts, candidates, political parties and their financing) for the European Parliament elections, as well as moving towards voting for Union-wide lists, or 'transnational lists', with candidates from multiple member states. It also recommends facilitating digital voting possibilities and guaranteeing effective voting rights for persons with disabilities. The report states that European citizens should have a greater say on who is elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a>, suggesting this could be achieved either by the direct election of the Commission President or by a <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission#Spitzenkandidat" title="President of the European Commission">lead candidate system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commission_President">Commission President</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Commission President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="2" style="float:right"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"> <td><b>Election</b> </td> <td><b>Largest Group</b> </td> <td><b>President</b> </td> <td><b>Party</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffe8e8"><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">PES</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">EPP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party-European_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party-European Democrats">EPP-ED</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffd"><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffd"><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party">ELDR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party-European_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party-European Democrats">EPP-ED</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">EPP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">EPP</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">EPP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">EPP</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">EPP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">EPP</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> </td> <td style="background:#def"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">EPP</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The third <a href="/wiki/Delors_Commission" title="Delors Commission">Delors Commission</a> had a short mandate, to bring the terms of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">Commission</a> in line with that of the Parliament. Under the <a href="/wiki/European_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="European Constitution">European Constitution</a> the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> would have to take into account the results of the latest European elections and, furthermore, the Parliament would ceremonially "elect", rather than simply approve, the council's proposed candidate. This was taken as the parliament's cue to have its parties run with candidates for the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a> with the candidate of the winning party being proposed by the council.<sup id="cite_ref-Epin_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epin-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was partly put into practice in 2004 when the European Council selected a candidate from the political party that won <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">that year's election</a>. However at that time only one party had run with a specific candidate: the <a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">European Green Party</a>, who had the first true pan-European political party with a common campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-Green_First_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green_First-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> put forward <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cohn-Bendit" title="Daniel Cohn-Bendit">Daniel Cohn-Bendit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Epin_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epin-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the fractious nature of the other political parties led to no other candidates, the People's Party only mentioned four or five people they'd like to be president.<sup id="cite_ref-Euractiv_elect_deficit_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euractiv_elect_deficit-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution failed ratification but these amendments have been carried over to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a>, which came into force in 2009. </p><p>There are plans to strengthen the European political parties<sup id="cite_ref-EUO_Political_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUO_Political-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in order for them to propose candidates for the 2009 election.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FU_Leadership_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FU_Leadership-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party</a> have already indicated, in their October 2007 congress, their intention for forward a candidate for the post as part of a common campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Lib_Cand_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lib_Cand-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They failed to do so however the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> did select Barroso as their candidate and, as the largest party, Barroso's term was renewed. The Socialists, disappointed at the 2009 election, agreed to put forward a candidate for Commission President at all subsequent elections. There is a campaign within that party to have open primaries for said candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2008, President Barroso admitted there was a problem in legitimacy and that, despite having the same legitimacy as Prime Ministers in theory, in practice it was not the case. The low turnout creates a problem for the President's legitimacy, with the lack of a "European political sphere", but analysis claim that if citizens were voting for a list of candidates for the post of president, turn out would be much higher than that seen in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-Barroso_Legitimacy_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barroso_Legitimacy-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The President of the European Parliament <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Jerzy Buzek</a> proposed in 2010 that Commissioners be directly elected, by member states placing their candidate at the top of their voting lists in European elections. That would give them individually, and the body as a whole, a democratic mandate.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eligibility">Eligibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Eligibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Act-React-Impact.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Act-React-Impact.jpg/220px-Act-React-Impact.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Act-React-Impact.jpg/330px-Act-React-Impact.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Act-React-Impact.jpg/440px-Act-React-Impact.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Logo and slogan of the European Parliament election 2014: Act. React. Impact.</figcaption></figure> <p>Each Member State has different rules determining who can vote for and run as the European Parliamentary candidates. In <i>Spain v United Kingdom</i>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> held that member states are permitted to extend the franchise to non-EU citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Every EU citizen residing in an EU country of which they are not a national has the right to vote and to stand as a candidate in European Parliamentary elections in their country of residence, under the same conditions as nationals of that country – this right is enshrined in Article 39 of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union</a>. In addition, the right to vote is included in Articles 20(1) and 22(1) of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union">Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a>. To this extent all EU countries keep electoral registers containing the names of all eligible voters in the specific region, to which eligible newcomers to the area can apply at any time to have their names added. EU citizens are then eligible to vote for the duration of their stay in that country. </p><p>It is therefore possible for a person to have the choice of voting in more than one EU member state. For example, a Portuguese citizen who studies at university in France and lives at home outside term-time in the family home in the Netherlands has the option of voting in the European Parliamentary election in France, Portugal or the Netherlands. In this scenario, although the Portuguese citizen qualifies to vote in three EU member states, they are only permitted to cast one vote in one of the member states. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voting_Age_-_European_Elections.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Voting_Age_-_European_Elections.svg/500px-Voting_Age_-_European_Elections.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Voting_Age_-_European_Elections.svg/750px-Voting_Age_-_European_Elections.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Voting_Age_-_European_Elections.svg/1000px-Voting_Age_-_European_Elections.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption><b>Minimum age to vote in European elections by country</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#66c2a5;; color:black;"> </span> 18</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e78ac3;; color:black;"> </span> 17</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a6d854;; color:black;"> </span> 16*</div> <small>*Belgium and Germany lowered the voting age to 16 for the next European elections.</small><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Member state </th> <th>Eligible voters </th> <th>Eligible candidates </th></tr> <tr> <td>Austria </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_nationality_law" title="Austrian nationality law">Austrian</a> citizens who are aged 16 or over on polling day and resident in Austria.</li> <li>Austrian citizens who are aged 16 or over on polling day, resident abroad, and have submitted a notification to be listed in the electoral register of the Austrian commune they were a resident of.</li> <li>European Union citizens aged 16 or over, resident in Austria, and have submitted a notification to be listed in the electoral register of the Austrian commune they are a resident of.</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Same as on the left; the passive voting age is 18 instead of 16.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_nationality_law" title="Belgian nationality law">Belgian</a> citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in Belgium and entered in the population register of a Belgian commune.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Belgian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident outside Belgium, who have sent an application to vote to the Belgian diplomatic or consular post in their country of residence <b>up to 16 days before polling day</b>.</li> <li>European Union citizens resident in Belgium, aged 18 or over on polling day, entered in the population register or in the foreigners' register of their commune of residence and enrolled in the electoral register.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Voting is <b>compulsory</b> and failing to vote can lead to a fine of up to €137.50.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 21 or over on polling day who speak French, Dutch or German.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bulgaria </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_nationality_law" title="Bulgarian nationality law">Bulgarian</a> citizens who have attained the age of 18 years by polling day, have resided in the Republic of Bulgaria or in another Member State of the European Union at least 60 days during the last three months, are not interdicted and do not serve a custodial sentence<sup id="cite_ref-legislationline.org_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legislationline.org-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Each national of a Member State of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, who is not a Bulgarian citizen, shall have the right to elect Members of the European Parliament for the Republic of Bulgaria if the said person has attained the age of 18 years by polling day, is not interdicted, does not serve a custodial sentence, has a certificate for residence status in the Republic of Bulgaria, has resided in the Republic of Bulgaria or in another Member State of the European Union at least 60 days during the last three months, is not deprived of the right to elect in the Member State of which the person is a national, and has stated in advance, by a declaration in writing, the desire thereof to exercise his or her right to vote within the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria.<sup id="cite_ref-legislationline.org_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legislationline.org-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bulgarian citizen who has attained the age of 21 years by polling day, does not hold the citizenship of any State that is not a Member State of the European Union, is not interdicted, does not serve a custodial sentence, has a permanent address in the Republic of Bulgaria, and has resided in the Republic of Bulgaria or in another Member State of the European Union at least during the last six months.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Any national of a Member State of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, who is not a Bulgarian citizen, has attained the age of 21 years by polling day, does not hold the citizenship of any State that is not a Member State of the European Union, is not interdicted, does not serve a custodial sentence, is not deprived of the right to be elected in the Member State of which the person is a national, enjoys a durable or permanent residence status for the Republic of Bulgaria, has resided in the Republic of Bulgaria or in another Member State of the European Union at least during the last six months, and has stated, by a declaration in writing, the desire thereof to be elected.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croatia </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationality_law" title="Croatian nationality law">Croatian</a> citizens aged 18 or over</li> <li>European Union citizens resident in Croatia enrolled in the electoral register <b>at least 30 days before the election</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens resident in Croatia enrolled in the electoral register <b>at least 30 days before the election</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cyprus </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Czech Republic </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are registered in the register of citizens for at least 45 days before polling day, unless a statutory limitation is imposed for reasons of protection of health or withdrawal or legal capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denmark </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Danish citizens</a> aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Denmark or another EU member state, unless deprived of legal capacity.</li> <li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and resident in Denmark, unless deprived of legal capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens eligible to vote, unless they have been convicted of an action that in the public opinion makes them unworthy of being a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">member of the European Parliament</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Estonia </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and whose address is entered in the population register. A person who has been divested of their active legal capacity with regard to the right to vote and a person who has been convicted of a crime and is serving sentence in a penal institution, cannot vote.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens at least 21 years of age and satisfying the requirements of the right to cast a vote, except members of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Estonia">Defence Forces</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Finland </td> <td> <ul><li>Every <a href="/wiki/Finnish_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish citizen">Finnish citizen</a> aged 18 or over on polling day, regardless of domicile.</li> <li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and who are enrolled on the voting register in Finland and whose municipality of residence, as defined by law, is in Finland on the 51st day before election day, unless they have lost the right to vote in the Member State whose citizen they are.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Finnish citizens entitled to vote and not legally incompetent.</li> <li>European Union citizens who are entitled to vote, registered with and entered into the voting register in Finland and not lost the right to stand as a candidate in elections in their home state.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>France </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_nationality_law" title="French nationality law">French</a> citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in France and enrolled in the electoral register.</li> <li>French citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident outside France and entered either in the consular register of electors (<i>la liste électorale consulaire</i>) or in the register of a municipality with which they are related (place of birth, last residence in France, municipality of one of forebears, spouse or relatives, municipality where they own a residence or pay local taxes) .<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>European Union citizens resident in France, aged 18 or over on polling day and enrolled in the electoral register.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 23 or over.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in Germany, if they are resident in member states of the European Union for at least three months.</li> <li>Additionally, <a href="/wiki/German_nationality_law" title="German nationality law">German citizens</a> aged 18 or over who have lived in Germany for at least three consecutive months within the last 25 years when they were at least aged 14.</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Greece </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationality_law" title="Greek nationality law">Greek citizens</a> aged 17 or over on the last day of the year the election happens who are resident in Greece and registered in the electoral roll in a Greek municipality or community, unless deprived of legal capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-GR-voting-reuters_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-voting-reuters-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-GR-voting-laws_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-voting-laws-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Greek citizens aged 17 or over on the last day of the year the election happens who are resident in another EU member state, registered in the electoral roll in a Greek municipality or community and have submitted an application to vote overseas to the Greek embassy or consulate in their country of residence <b>on or before 31 March 2014</b><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (April 2019)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup>, unless deprived of legal capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR-voting-reuters_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-voting-reuters-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR-voting-laws_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-voting-laws-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>European Union citizens aged 17 or over on the last day of the year the election happens, resident in Greece and registered in the electoral roll <b>on or before 3 March 2014</b><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (April 2019)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR-voting-reuters_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-voting-reuters-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR-voting-laws_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-voting-laws-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Voting is <b>compulsory but not enforced</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-GR-voting-reuters_66-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-voting-reuters-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR-voting-laws_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-voting-laws-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 25 or over, unless deprived of legal capacity.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hungary </td> <td> <ul><li>Hungarian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and whose municipality of residence is in Hungary. (automatically listed in the electoral register)</li> <li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and whose municipality of residence is in Hungary and have submitted a notification to be listed in the electoral register.</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Any European Union citizens who are entitled to vote (whose municipality of residence is in Hungary).</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens who are ordinarily resident in Ireland on 1 September in the year before the Register of Electors comes into force.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish citizen">Irish citizens</a> who are officials on duty abroad (and their spouses) who are registered on the postal voters list.</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens over the age of 21, not otherwise disqualified from election to the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il" class="mw-redirect" title="Dáil">Dáil</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Italian</a> and European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Italy and enrolled in the electoral list of their town of residence <b>up to 19 days before polling day</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Italian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in other EU member states and have submitted an application to the Italian consulate <b>up to 18 days before polling day</b>.</li> <li>Italian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident outside the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> for the purpose of work, study or living with family and have submitted an application to the Italian consulate <b>up to 18 days before polling day</b>.</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 25 or over on polling day and not deprived of the right to stand in their home country.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latvia </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lithuania </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luxembourg </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgian nationality law">Luxembourgish</a> citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in Luxembourg or overseas and enrolled in the electoral list <b>up to 87 days before polling day</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>European Union citizens resident in Luxembourg for at least 2 years, aged 18 or over on polling day and enrolled in the electoral list <b>up to 87 days before polling day</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Voting is <b>compulsory</b>.</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Luxembourgish citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and resident in Luxembourg.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and resident in Luxembourg for at least 5 years.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malta </td> <td> <ul><li>Maltese citizens aged 18 or over on polling day.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands </td> <td> <ul><li>Dutch citizens aged 18 or over on polling day.</li> <li>European Union citizens resident in the Netherlands, aged 18 or over on polling day and not deprived of the right to stand in their home country.</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day.</li> <li>Any people aged 18 or over on polling day and legally resident in the European Union at the time of candidature.<sup id="cite_ref-pvdd_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pvdd-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poland </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationality_law" title="Polish nationality law">Polish citizens</a> aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident outside Poland and registered to vote.</li> <li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 21 or over on polling day and resident in Poland or the European Union for at least 5 years, were never sentenced to imprisonment for a crime committed intentionally prosecuted by public indictment or for an intentional fiscal offence.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portugal </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Portugal and registered to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portuguese citizens</a> aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident outside Portugal and registered to vote.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_nationality_law" title="Brazilian nationality law">Brazilian citizens</a> enjoying special status of equal political rights in Portugal (<i>cidadãos brasileiros com estatuto especial de igualdade de direitos políticos</i>) aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Portugal and registered to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_nationality_law" title="Brazilian nationality law">Brazilian citizens</a> enjoying special status of equal political rights in Portugal (<i>cidadãos brasileiros com estatuto especial de igualdade de direitos políticos</i>) aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Portugal and registered to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Romania </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationality_law" title="Romanian nationality law">Romanian citizens</a> aged 18 or over on polling day, regardless of domicile.</li> <li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and whose municipality of residence is in Romania.</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens who are entitled to vote.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovakia </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovenia </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationality_law" title="Spanish nationality law">Spanish citizens</a> aged 18 or over on polling day.</li> <li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are recorded in the register kept by the Municipal Council of their municipality of residence (<i>Padrón</i>) and have formally expressed their wish to vote in the European Parliament election in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweden </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish citizen">Swedish citizens</a> aged 18 or over on polling day who are, or at some time have been, registered residents in Sweden.</li> <li>European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are current registered residents in Sweden and have submitted a notification to be listed on the electoral roll.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>European Union citizens</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polling">Opinion polling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Opinion polling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opinion polling for EU Parliament elections is less common than for national parliament elections, and no polls are available on the aggregate level. <a href="/wiki/Europe_Elects" title="Europe Elects">Europe Elects</a> introduced a monthly seat projection based on publicly available polling data in 2014. This was complemented in 2019 by a popular vote projection based on EU parliament groups.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_legitimacy_of_the_European_Union" title="Democratic legitimacy of the European Union">Democratic legitimacy of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission#Appointment" title="European Commission">Appointment of the European Commission</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2019/05/25/eu-elections-2019-country-by-country-guide-on-what-to-look-out-for">"EU elections 2019: Country-by-country full results"</a>. <i>Euronews</i>. 25 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%89lections+%3A+droit+de+vote+d%27un+citoyen+europ%C3%A9en+%E2%80%93+Service-public.fr&rft.pub=Vosdroits.service-public.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvosdroits.service-public.fr%2FF1937.xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR-voting-reuters-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GR-voting-reuters_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR-voting-reuters_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR-voting-reuters_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR-voting-reuters_66-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-greece-electoral-bill-idUSKCN1011NS">"Greek MPs approve end to bonus seats, lower voting age"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 21 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Greek+MPs+approve+end+to+bonus+seats%2C+lower+voting+age&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-eurozone-greece-electoral-bill-idUSKCN1011NS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR-voting-laws-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GR-voting-laws_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR-voting-laws_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR-voting-laws_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR-voting-laws_67-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicrevenue.gr/elib/view?d=/gr/act/2014/4255/">Εκλογή μελών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και άλλες διατάξεις</a> [Election of Members of the European Parliament and other provisions.] (Act 4255/2014) (in Greek). <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Hellenic Parliament</a>. 11 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE+%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82.&rft.pub=Hellenic+Parliament&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicrevenue.gr%2Felib%2Fview%3Fd%3D%2Fgr%2Fact%2F2014%2F4255%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span>, article 1, paragraph 1: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Η εκλογή των μελών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου στις έδρες που κάθε φορά αναλογούν στην Ελλάδα, διενεργείται με άμεση, καθολική και μυστική ψηφοφορία από τους πολίτες που έχουν το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν, σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις των άρθρων 4, 5 και 6 του π.δ. 26/2012 «Κωδικοποίηση σε ενιαίο κείμενο των διατάξεων της νομοθεσίας για την εκλογή βουλευτών» (Α΄ 57). Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν και οι πολίτες των λοιπών κρατών − μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης κατά τα οριζόμενα στο ν. 2196/1994 (Α΄ 41). Η άσκηση του εκλογικού δικαιώματος είναι υποχρεωτική.</p></blockquote> In English: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Election of Members of the European Parliament in the seats each time allocated to Greece shall be effected by direct, universal and secret ballot by the citizens entitled to vote in accordance with the provisions of Articles 4, 5 and 6 of the Presidential Decree. 26/2012 'Codification in a single text of the provisions of the legislation on the election of Members' (A 57). The citizens of other Member States of the European Union have the right to vote, as provided for in Law 2196/1994 (A 41). Exercise of the right to vote is compulsory.</p></blockquote><br /> Referencing:</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicrevenue.gr/elib/view?d=/gr/pd/2012/26/">Κωδικοποίηση σ' ενιαίο κείμενο των διατάξεων της νομοθεσίας για την εκλογή βουλευτών</a> [Codification in a single text of the provisions of the legislation on the election of Members of the Hellenic Parliament] (Presidential Decree 26/2012) (in Greek). <a href="/wiki/Greek_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek President">Greek President</a>. 15 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%CE%9A%CF%89%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7+%CF%83%27+%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF+%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE+%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD&rft.pub=Greek+President&rft.date=2012-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicrevenue.gr%2Felib%2Fview%3Fd%3D%2Fgr%2Fpd%2F2012%2F26%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span>, article 4, paragraph 1: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν οι πολίτες Έλληνες και Ελληνίδες που συμπλήρωσαν το δέκατο όγδοο έτος της ηλικίας τους.</p></blockquote><br /> In English: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Greek citizens who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote."</p></blockquote><br /> Last changed by....:</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicrevenue.gr/elib/view?d=/gr/act/2016/4406">Αναλογική εκπροσώπηση των πολιτικών κομμάτων, διεύρυνση του δικαιώματος εκλέγειν και άλλες διατάξεις περί εκλογής Βουλευτών</a> [Proportional representation of political parties, widening of the right to vote and other provisions on the election of Members] (Act 4406/2016) (in Greek). <a href="/wiki/Greek_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek President">Greek President</a>. 22 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD%2C+%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B7+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF+%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD&rft.pub=Greek+President&rft.date=2016-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicrevenue.gr%2Felib%2Fview%3Fd%3D%2Fgr%2Fact%2F2016%2F4406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span>, article 1: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Η παρ. 1 του άρθρου 4 του Π.δ. 26/2012 (Α ́57) αντι-καθίσταται ως εξής: «1. Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν οι πολίτες Έλλη-νες και Ελληνίδες που συμπλήρωσαν το δέκατο έβδομο (17ο) έτος της ηλικίας τους».</p></blockquote><br /> In English: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Article 1 (1) of the PD. 26/2012 (A 57) is replaced by the following: «1. The citizens of Greece and Greeks who have reached their seventeenth (17th) year of age have the right to vote.»</p></blockquote></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ypes.gr/en/Elections/ElectionsEuropeanParliament/ElectionsforEuropeanParliament/InterstGreeksAbroad/">"Ministry of Interior – Information for Greek residents abroad"</a>. Ypes.gr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Interior+%E2%80%93+Information+for+Greek+residents+abroad&rft.pub=Ypes.gr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ypes.gr%2Fen%2FElections%2FElectionsEuropeanParliament%2FElectionsforEuropeanParliament%2FInterstGreeksAbroad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ypes.gr/en/Elections/ElectionsEuropeanParliament/ElectionsforEuropeanParliament/CitizensofEuropeanUnion/">"Hellenic Republic Ministry of the Interior: EU Citizens"</a>. Ypes.gr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hellenic+Republic+Ministry+of+the+Interior%3A+EU+Citizens&rft.pub=Ypes.gr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ypes.gr%2Fen%2FElections%2FElectionsEuropeanParliament%2FElectionsforEuropeanParliament%2FCitizensofEuropeanUnion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/elections_and_referenda/european_elections/voting_procedure_in_a_european_election.html#l7faf7">"Citizens Information: Voting in a European election"</a>. Citizensinformation.ie. 21 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Citizens+Information%3A+Voting+in+a+European+election&rft.pub=Citizensinformation.ie&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizensinformation.ie%2Fen%2Fgovernment_in_ireland%2Felections_and_referenda%2Feuropean_elections%2Fvoting_procedure_in_a_european_election.html%23l7faf7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213110/http://www.interno.gov.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/assets/files/23/9954_Schede_elezione_PE.pdf">"ELEZIONE DEI MEMBRI DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO SPETTANTI ALL'ITALIA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Italian). Interno.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interno.gov.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/assets/files/23/9954_Schede_elezione_PE.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ELEZIONE+DEI+MEMBRI+DEL+PARLAMENTO+EUROPEO+SPETTANTI+ALL%27ITALIA&rft.pub=Interno.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interno.gov.it%2Fmininterno%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fit%2Fassets%2Ffiles%2F23%2F9954_Schede_elezione_PE.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130916024313/http://www.elections.public.lu/fr/elections-europeennes/2009/mode-emploi/conditions/index.html">"Conditions de l'électorat – Site officiel des élections au Grand-Duché du Luxembourg – Mode d'emploi"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.public.lu/fr/elections-europeennes/2009/mode-emploi/conditions/index.html">the original</a> on 16 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conditions+de+l%27%C3%A9lectorat+%E2%80%93+Site+officiel+des+%C3%A9lections+au+Grand-Duch%C3%A9+du+Luxembourg+%E2%80%93+Mode+d%27emploi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.public.lu%2Ffr%2Felections-europeennes%2F2009%2Fmode-emploi%2Fconditions%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guichet.public.lu/citoyens/fr/citoyennete/elections/elections-europeennes/inscription-listes-electorales-europeennes/index.html">"S'inscrire sur les listes électorales pour les élections européennes – guichet.lu // Luxembourg – Participation aux élections européennes"</a>. Guichet.public.lu. 24 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%27inscrire+sur+les+listes+%C3%A9lectorales+pour+les+%C3%A9lections+europ%C3%A9ennes+%E2%80%93+guichet.lu+%2F%2F+Luxembourg+%E2%80%93+Participation+aux+%C3%A9lections+europ%C3%A9ennes&rft.pub=Guichet.public.lu&rft.date=2013-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guichet.public.lu%2Fcitoyens%2Ffr%2Fcitoyennete%2Felections%2Felections-europeennes%2Finscription-listes-electorales-europeennes%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guichet.public.lu/citoyens/fr/citoyennete/elections/elections-europeennes/candidat-election-europeennes/index.html">"Etre candidat aux élections européennes"</a>. Guichet.public.lu. 24 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Etre+candidat+aux+%C3%A9lections+europ%C3%A9ennes&rft.pub=Guichet.public.lu&rft.date=2013-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guichet.public.lu%2Fcitoyens%2Ffr%2Fcitoyennete%2Felections%2Felections-europeennes%2Fcandidat-election-europeennes%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pvdd-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pvdd_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This based on a Dutch decision by the 'Kiesraad', which disallowed South Africa's <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a> and two other non-European candidates on the sole ground that they had no proof of legal residence.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sip.lex.pl/akty-prawne/dzu-dziennik-ustaw/kodeks-wyborczy-17679859/art-10">"Art. 10. - [Czynne prawo wyborcze] - Kodeks wyborczy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art.+10.+-+%5BCzynne+prawo+wyborcze%5D+-+Kodeks+wyborczy.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsip.lex.pl%2Fakty-prawne%2Fdzu-dziennik-ustaw%2Fkodeks-wyborczy-17679859%2Fart-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sip.lex.pl/akty-prawne/dzu-dziennik-ustaw/kodeks-wyborczy-17679859/art-11">"Art. 11. - [Bierne prawo wyborcze] - Kodeks wyborczy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art.+11.+-+%5BBierne+prawo+wyborcze%5D+-+Kodeks+wyborczy.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsip.lex.pl%2Fakty-prawne%2Fdzu-dziennik-ustaw%2Fkodeks-wyborczy-17679859%2Fart-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/legis_lepe_2012.pdf">"Lei Eleitoral para o Parlamento Europeu (Lei nº 14/87, de 29 Abril), Artigo 3º"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lei+Eleitoral+para+o+Parlamento+Europeu+%28Lei+n%C2%BA+14%2F87%2C+de+29+Abril%29%2C+Artigo+3%C2%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cne.pt%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdl%2Flegis_lepe_2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/apoio_faq_pe.pdf">"Comissão Nacional de Eleições: FAQ – Eleição para o Parlamento Europeu"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comiss%C3%A3o+Nacional+de+Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es%3A+FAQ+%E2%80%93+Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o+para+o+Parlamento+Europeu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cne.pt%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdl%2Fapoio_faq_pe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cne.pt/faq2/96/6">"Perguntas Frequentes: Candidatura – Comissão Nacional de Eleições"</a>. <i>cne.pt</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cne.pt&rft.atitle=Perguntas+Frequentes%3A+Candidatura+%E2%80%93+Comiss%C3%A3o+Nacional+de+Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cne.pt%2Ffaq2%2F96%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/en/prensa/np518_en.pdf">"Elections to the European Parliament of June 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ine.es</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ine.es&rft.atitle=Elections+to+the+European+Parliament+of+June+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fen%2Fprensa%2Fnp518_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.val.se/in_english/general_information/suffrage_and_electoral_rolls/index.html">Valmyndigheten: Suffrage and electoral rolls</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103031535/http://www.val.se/in_english/general_information/suffrage_and_electoral_rolls/index.html">Archived</a> 3 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europeelects.eu/ep2024/">"EU Election Projection 2024"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU+Election+Projection+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropeelects.eu%2Fep2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+to+the+European+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_to_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/13540688221083553">EU-NED dataset</a>: subnational election data in European Parliament elections, 1990–2020</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2009/default.htm?language=EN">Section devoted to the 2009 election on the European Parliament website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/e/europeanunion/">Adam Carr's Election Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanelectionstudies.net">European Election Studies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/06251/sample/9780521806251ws.pdf">The European Parliament and Supranational Party System (Cambridge University Press 2002)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aei.pitt.edu/view/eusubjects/xelections.html">Archive of European Integration (AEI) > Institutional Administration, Developments & Reform > Parliament > Elections</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://juncker.epp.eu">EPP Juncker 2014 campaign site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117130239/http://juncker.epp.eu/">Archived</a> 17 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionresults-2016.com/">Election Results 2016</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Parliament_elections" title="Template:European Parliament elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Parliament_elections" title="Template talk:European Parliament elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Parliament_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Parliament elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elections to the European Parliament</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1979 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1979 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(including <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Greenland" title="1979 European Parliament election in Greenland">Greenland</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1979 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1979 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1979 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1979 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1979 European Parliament election in West Germany">West Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election" title="1984 European Parliament election">1984</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1984 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1984 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(including <a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Greenland" title="1984 European Parliament election in Greenland">Greenland</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1984 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1984 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1984 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1984 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1984 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1984 European Parliament election in West Germany">West Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election" title="1989 European Parliament election">1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1989 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1989 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1989 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1989 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1989 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1989 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1989 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1989 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1989 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1989 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1989 European Parliament election in West Germany">West Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1994 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1994 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1994 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1994 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1994 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1994 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1994 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1994 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1994 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1994 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="1999 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1999 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1999 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="1999 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1999 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1999 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1999 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1999 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1999 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1999 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1999 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1999 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="1999 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2004 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2004 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2004 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2004 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2004 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2004 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2004 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2004 European Parliament election in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2004 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2004 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2004 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2004 European Parliament election in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2004 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2004 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2004 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(including <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2004 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2009 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2009 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2009 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2009 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2009 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2009 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2009 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2009 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2009 European Parliament election in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2009 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2009 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2009 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2009 European Parliament election in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2009 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2009 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2009 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2009 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(including <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2009 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2014 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2014 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2014 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2014 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2014 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2014 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2014 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2014 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2014 European Parliament election in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2014 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2014 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2014 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2014 European Parliament election in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2014 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2014 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2014 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2014 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(including <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2014 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2019 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2019 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2019 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2019 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2019 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2019 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2019 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2019 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2019 European Parliament election in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2019 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2019 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2019 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2019 European Parliament election in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2019 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2019 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2019 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2019 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(including <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2019 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2024 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2024 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2024 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2024 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2024 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2024 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2024 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2024 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2024 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2024 European Parliament election in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2024 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2024 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2024 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2024 European Parliament election in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2024 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2024 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2024 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2024 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Off-year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1981_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1981 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1987 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1987 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="1995 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="1996 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="1996 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2007 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2007 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2013 European Parliament election in Croatia">Croatia (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Parliament_by-elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of European Parliament by-elections in the United Kingdom">UK by-elections (1979–1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Template:Members of the European Parliament"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Template talk:Members of the European Parliament"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the European Parliament"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Members of the European Parliament</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_ECSC_Parliament_(1952%E2%80%931958)" title="Members of the ECSC Parliament (1952–1958)">1952–1958</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_Parliament_for_Belgium,_1952%E2%80%931958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Coal and Steel Community Parliament for Belgium, 1952–1958 (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_Parliament_for_France,_1952%E2%80%931958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Coal and Steel Community Parliament for France, 1952–1958 (page does not exist)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_Parliament_for_West_Germany,_1952%E2%80%931958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Coal and Steel Community Parliament for West Germany, 1952–1958 (page does not exist)">West Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_Parliament_for_Italy,_1952%E2%80%931958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Coal and Steel Community Parliament for Italy, 1952–1958 (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_1952%E2%80%931958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Coal and Steel Community Parliament for Luxembourg, 1952–1958 (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1952%E2%80%931958" title="List of members of the European Coal and Steel Community Parliament for the Netherlands, 1952–1958">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament_(1958%E2%80%931979)" title="Members of the European Parliament (1958–1979)">1958–1979</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_1958%E2%80%931979&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 1958–1979 (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_1973%E2%80%931979&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 1973–1979 (page does not exist)">Denmark (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_1958%E2%80%931979&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 1958–1979 (page does not exist)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_West_Germany,_1958%E2%80%931979&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for West Germany, 1958–1979 (page does not exist)">West Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_1973" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 1973">Ireland (1973</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_1973%E2%80%931977" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 1973–1977">1973–1977</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_1977%E2%80%931979" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 1977–1979">1977–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_1958%E2%80%931979&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 1958–1979 (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_1958%E2%80%931979&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 1958–1979 (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1958%E2%80%931979" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1958–1979">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(1973%E2%80%931979)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (1973–1979)">United Kingdom (1973)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(1979%E2%80%931984)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (1979–1984)">1979–1984</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_1979%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 1979–1984">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_1979%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 1979–1984">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_1979%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 1979–1984">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_West_Germany,_1979%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for West Germany, 1979–1984">West Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_1981%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 1981–1984">Greece (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_1979%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 1979–1984">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_1979%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 1979–1984">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_1979%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 1979–1984">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1979%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1979–1984">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%931984)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (1979–1984)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(1984%E2%80%931989)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (1984–1989)">1984–1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 1984–1989">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 1984–1989">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 1984–1989">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_West_Germany,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for West Germany, 1984–1989">West Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 1984–1989">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 1984–1989">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 1984–1989">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 1984–1989">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1984–1989">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal,_1987%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 1987–1989">Portugal (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain,_1987%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 1987–1989">Spain (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(1984%E2%80%931989)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (1984–1989)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(1989%E2%80%931994)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (1989–1994)">1989–1994</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 1989–1994">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 1989–1994">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 1989–1994">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Germany,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Germany, 1989–1994">(West) Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 1989–1994">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 1989–1994">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 1989–1994">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 1989–1994">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1989–1994">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 1989–1994">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 1989–1994">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(1989%E2%80%931994)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (1989–1994)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(1994%E2%80%931999)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (1994–1999)">1994–1999</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Austria,_1996%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Austria, 1996–1999">Austria (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 1994–1999">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 1994–1999">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Finland,_1996%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Finland, 1996–1999">Finland (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 1994–1999">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Germany,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Germany, 1994–1999">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 1994–1999">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 1994–1999">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 1994–1999">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 1994–1999">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1994–1999">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 1994–1999">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 1994–1999">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Sweden,_1995%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Sweden, 1995–1999">Sweden (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(1994%E2%80%931999)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (1994–1999)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(1999%E2%80%932004)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (1999–2004)">1999–2004</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Austria,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Austria, 1999–2004">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 1999–2004">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 1999–2004">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Finland,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Finland, 1999–2004">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 1999–2004">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Germany,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Germany, 1999–2004">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 1999–2004">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 1999–2004">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 1999–2004">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 1999–2004">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1999–2004">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 1999–2004">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 1999–2004">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Sweden,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Sweden, 1999–2004">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(1999%E2%80%932004)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (1999–2004)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2004%E2%80%932009)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2004–2009)">2004–2009</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Austria,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Austria, 2004–2009">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 2004–2009">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Bulgaria,_2007%E2%80%932009" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Bulgaria, 2007–2009">Bulgaria (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Cyprus,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Cyprus, 2004–2009">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Czech_Republic,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Czech Republic, 2004–2009">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 2004–2009">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Estonia,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Estonia, 2004–2009">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Finland,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Finland, 2004–2009">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 2004–2009">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Germany,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Germany, 2004–2009">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 2004–2009">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Hungary,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Hungary, 2004–2009">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 2004–2009">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 2004–2009">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Latvia,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Latvia, 2004–2009">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Lithuania,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Lithuania, 2004–2009">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 2004–2009">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Malta,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Malta, 2004–2009">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2004–2009">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Poland,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Poland, 2004–2009">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 2004–2009">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Romania,_2007%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Romania, 2007–2009">Romania (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovakia,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovakia, 2004–2009">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovenia,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovenia, 2004–2009">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 2004–2009">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Sweden,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Sweden, 2004–2009">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(2004%E2%80%932009)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (2004–2009)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2009%E2%80%932014)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2009–2014)">2009–2014</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Austria,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Austria, 2009–2014">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 2009–2014">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Bulgaria,_2009%E2%80%932014" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Bulgaria, 2009–2014">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Croatia,_2013%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Croatia, 2013–2014">Croatia (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Cyprus,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Cyprus, 2009–2014">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Czech_Republic,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Czech Republic, 2009–2014">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 2009–2014">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Estonia,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Estonia, 2009–2014">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Finland,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Finland, 2009–2014">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 2009–2014">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Germany,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Germany, 2009–2014">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 2009–2014">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Hungary,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Hungary, 2009–2014">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 2009–2014">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 2009–2014">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Latvia,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Latvia, 2009–2014">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Lithuania,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Lithuania, 2009–2014">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 2009–2014">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Malta,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Malta, 2009–2014">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2009–2014">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Poland,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Poland, 2009–2014">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 2009–2014">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Romania,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Romania, 2009–2014">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovakia,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovakia, 2009–2014">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovenia,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovenia, 2009–2014">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 2009–2014">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Sweden,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Sweden, 2009–2014">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(2009%E2%80%932014)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (2009–2014)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2014%E2%80%932019)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2014–2019)">2014–2019</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Austria,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Austria, 2014–2019">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 2014–2019">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Bulgaria,_2014%E2%80%932019" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Bulgaria, 2014–2019">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Croatia,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Croatia, 2014–2019">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Cyprus,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Cyprus, 2014–2019">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Czech_Republic,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Czech Republic, 2014–2019">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 2014–2019">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Estonia,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Estonia, 2014–2019">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Finland,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Finland, 2014–2019">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 2014–2019">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Germany,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Germany, 2014–2019">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 2014–2019">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Hungary,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Hungary, 2014–2019">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 2014–2019">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 2014–2019">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Latvia,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Latvia, 2014–2019">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Lithuania,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Lithuania, 2014–2019">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 2014–2019">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Malta,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Malta, 2014–2019">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2014–2019">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Poland,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Poland, 2014–2019">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 2014–2019">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Romania,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Romania, 2014–2019">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovakia,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovakia, 2014–2019">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovenia,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovenia, 2014–2019">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 2014–2019">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Sweden,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Sweden, 2014–2019">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(2014%E2%80%932019)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (2014–2019)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2019%E2%80%932024)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2019–2024)">2019–2024</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Austria,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Austria, 2019–2024">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 2019–2024">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Bulgaria_(2019%E2%80%932024)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Bulgaria (2019–2024)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Croatia,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Croatia, 2019–2024">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Cyprus,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Cyprus, 2019–2024">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Czech_Republic,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Czech Republic, 2019–2024">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 2019–2024">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Estonia,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Estonia, 2019–2024">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Finland,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Finland, 2019–2024">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 2019–2024">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Germany,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Germany, 2019–2024">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 2019–2024">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Hungary,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Hungary, 2019–2024">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 2019–2024">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 2019–2024">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Latvia,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Latvia, 2019–2024">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Lithuania,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Lithuania, 2019–2024">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 2019–2024">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Malta,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Malta, 2019–2024">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2019–2024">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Poland,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Poland, 2019–2024">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 2019–2024">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Romania,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Romania, 2019–2024">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovakia,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovakia, 2019–2024">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovenia,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovenia, 2019–2024">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 2019–2024">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Sweden,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Sweden, 2019–2024">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(2019%E2%80%932020)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (2019–2020)">United Kingdom (2019–2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2024%E2%80%932029)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2024–2029)">2024–2029</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Austria,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Austria, 2024–2029">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Belgium, 2024–2029">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Bulgaria_(2024%E2%80%932029)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Bulgaria (2024–2029)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Croatia,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Croatia, 2024–2029">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Cyprus,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Cyprus, 2024–2029">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Czech_Republic,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Czech Republic, 2024–2029">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 2024–2029">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Estonia,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Estonia, 2024–2029">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Finland,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Finland, 2024–2029">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for France, 2024–2029">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Germany,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Germany, 2024–2029">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 2024–2029">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Hungary,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Hungary, 2024–2029">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 2024–2029">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 2024–2029">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Latvia,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Latvia, 2024–2029">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Lithuania,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Lithuania, 2024–2029">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 2024–2029">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Malta,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Malta, 2024–2029">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2024–2029">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Poland,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Poland, 2024–2029">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 2024–2029">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Romania,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Romania, 2024–2029">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovakia,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovakia, 2024–2029">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovenia,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovenia, 2024–2029">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 2024–2029">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Sweden,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Sweden, 2024–2029">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Austria" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Croatia" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Cyprus" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Denmark (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Finland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Finland (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for France (page does not exist)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Germany (page does not exist)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Ireland" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Luxembourg" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Malta" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Poland (page does not exist)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Romania (page does not exist)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovenia" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Spain (page does not exist)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for Sweden (page does not exist)">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delegations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Greece,_1981" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 1981">Greece (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal,_1986%E2%80%931987" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 1986–1987">Portugal (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain,_1986%E2%80%931987" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 1986–1987">Spain (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Sweden,_1995" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Sweden, 1995">Sweden (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Austria,_1995%E2%80%931996" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Austria, 1995–1996">Austria (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Finland,_1995%E2%80%931996" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Finland, 1995–1996">Finland (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Cyprus,_2004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Cyprus, 2004">Cyprus (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Czech_Republic,_2004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Czech Republic, 2004">Czech Republic (2004)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_%C4%8Dlen%C5%AF_Evropsk%C3%A9ho_parlamentu_z_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_republiky_(kv%C4%9Bten_a%C5%BE_%C4%8Dervenec_2004)" class="extiw" title="cs:Seznam členů Evropského parlamentu z České republiky (květen až červenec 2004)">cs</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Estonia,_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Estonia, 2004 (page does not exist)">Estonia (2004)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esto%C5%84scy_pos%C5%82owie_do_Parlamentu_Europejskiego_2004" class="extiw" title="pl:Estońscy posłowie do Parlamentu Europejskiego 2004">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Hungary,_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Hungary, 2004 (page does not exist)">Hungary (2004)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99gierscy_pos%C5%82owie_do_Parlamentu_Europejskiego_2004" class="extiw" title="pl:Węgierscy posłowie do Parlamentu Europejskiego 2004">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Latvia,_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Latvia, 2004 (page does not exist)">Latvia (2004)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81otewscy_pos%C5%82owie_do_Parlamentu_Europejskiego_2004" class="extiw" title="pl:Łotewscy posłowie do Parlamentu Europejskiego 2004">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Lithuania,_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Lithuania, 2004 (page does not exist)">Lithuania (2004)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litewscy_pos%C5%82owie_do_Parlamentu_Europejskiego_2004" class="extiw" title="pl:Litewscy posłowie do Parlamentu Europejskiego 2004">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Malta,_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Malta, 2004 (page does not exist)">Malta (2004)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta%C5%84scy_pos%C5%82owie_do_Parlamentu_Europejskiego_2004" class="extiw" title="pl:Maltańscy posłowie do Parlamentu Europejskiego 2004">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Poland,_2004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Poland, 2004">Poland (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovakia,_2004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovakia, 2004">Slovakia (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovenia,_2004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Slovenia, 2004">Slovenia (2004)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82owe%C5%84scy_pos%C5%82owie_do_Parlamentu_Europejskiego_2004" class="extiw" title="pl:Słoweńscy posłowie do Parlamentu Europejskiego 2004">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Bulgaria,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Bulgaria, 2007">Bulgaria (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Romania,_2007" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Romania, 2007">Romania (2007)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Spain (page does not exist)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_East_Germany,_1991%E2%80%931994" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for East Germany, 1991–1994">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Cyprus,_2003%E2%80%932004" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Cyprus, 2003–2004">Cyprus (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Czech_Republic,_2003%E2%80%932004" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for the Czech Republic, 2003–2004">Czech Republic (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Estonia,_2003%E2%80%932004" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Estonia, 2003–2004">Estonia (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Hungary,_2003%E2%80%932004" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Hungary, 2003–2004">Hungary (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Latvia,_2003%E2%80%932004" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Latvia, 2003–2004">Latvia (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Lithuania,_2003%E2%80%932004" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Lithuania, 2003–2004">Lithuania (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Malta,_2003%E2%80%932004" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Malta, 2003–2004">Malta (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Poland,_2003%E2%80%932004" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Poland, 2003–2004">Poland (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovakia,_2003%E2%80%932004" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Slovakia, 2003–2004">Slovakia (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Slovenia,_2003%E2%80%932004" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Slovenia, 2003–2004">Slovenia (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Bulgaria,_2005%E2%80%932006" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Bulgaria, 2005–2006">Bulgaria (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Romania,_2005%E2%80%932006" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Romania, 2005–2006">Romania (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_observers_to_the_European_Parliament_for_Croatia,_2012%E2%80%932013" title="List of observers to the European Parliament for Croatia, 2012–2013">Croatia (2012)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Union_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Union_topics" title="Template:European Union topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Union_topics" title="Template talk:European Union topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Union_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Union topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Union_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_European_Union_history" title="Timeline of European Union history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_of_European_unity_before_1948" title="Ideas of European unity before 1948">Ideas of European unity before 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_fathers_of_the_European_Union" title="Founding fathers of the European Union">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_integration_(1948%E2%80%931957)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European integration (1948–1957)">1948–1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1958%E2%80%931972)" title="History of the European Communities (1958–1972)">1958–1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1973%E2%80%931993)" title="History of the European Communities (1973–1993)">1973–1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_(1993%E2%80%932004)" title="History of the European Union (1993–2004)">1993–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_since_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European Union since 2004">Since 2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Defence policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Union_(alliance)" title="Western Union (alliance)">Western Union (1948–1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union (1954–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities (1967–2009)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Authority_for_the_Ruhr" title="International Authority for the Ruhr">International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community (1958–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community (1993–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Monetary_Cooperation_Fund" title="European Monetary Cooperation Fund">European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Monetary_Institute" title="European Monetary Institute">European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">Financial stability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Facility" title="European Financial Stability Facility">European Financial Stability Facility (2010–<i>2012</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="European Financial Stability Mechanism">European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–<i>2012</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste#Dissolution" title="Free Territory of Trieste">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1981 enlargement of the European Communities">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1986 enlargement of the European Communities">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="1995 enlargement of the European Union">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2007 enlargement of the European Union">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vian_Accords" title="Évian Accords">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon#After_1945" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy#21st_century" title="Saint Barthélemy">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_European_Union" title="Demographics of the European Union">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_border_of_the_European_Union" title="External border of the European Union">External border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_European_Union" title="Environmental issues in the European Union">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_European_Union" title="Extreme points of the European Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_midpoint_of_Europe#Geographic_centre_of_the_European_Union" title="Geographical midpoint of Europe">Geographic centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">Larger urban zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_European_Union" title="Protected areas of the European Union">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Regions <span style="font-size:85%;">(first-level NUTS)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">Special territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_statistics" title="European Union statistics">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodies_of_the_European_Union_and_the_Euratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodies of the European Union and the Euratom">Bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">Institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Vice-President of the European Parliament">Vice-Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the European Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Committees of the European Parliament">Committees</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation">European political foundations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union">General Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_summit" title="Euro summit">Euro summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice-Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General" title="Directorate-General">Directorates-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="President of the European Central Bank">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">System of Central Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosystem" title="Eurosystem">Eurosystem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_audit_institution" title="Supreme audit institution">Supreme audit institution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_European_Court_of_Auditors" title="Secretary-General of the European Court of Auditors">Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />international-law<br />EU bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community</a></li> <li>EIB Group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Fund" title="European Investment Fund">European Investment Fund</a></li> <li>EIB Institute</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Patent_Court" title="Unified Patent Court">Unified Patent Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent<br />offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Supervisor" title="European Data Protection Supervisor">European Data Protection Supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Agencies of the European Union">Agencies of the European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory<br />bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_and_Social_Committee" title="European Economic and Social Committee">European Economic and Social Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military<br />bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">European Union Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff" title="European Union Military Staff">European Union Military Staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Acquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Charter of Fundamental Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_competition_law" title="European Union competition law">Competition law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_European_Union" title="Copyright law of the European Union">Copyright law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">Directive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Rights_Directive" title="Citizens' Rights Directive">Citizens' Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_for_Cooperation_and_Verification" title="Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification">Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union" title="Official Journal of the European Union"><i>Official Journal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Initiative" title="European Citizens' Initiative">Citizens' Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the European Union">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_cooperation" title="Enhanced cooperation">Enhanced cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">opt-outs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Currencies of the European Union">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_preference_(EU)" class="mw-redirect" title="Community preference (EU)">Community preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_procurement_in_the_European_Union" title="Government procurement in the European Union">Government procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro" title="International status and usage of the euro">International status and usage</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Transport" title="European Commissioner for Transport">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TRACECA" title="TRACECA">TRACECA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_minimum_wage" title="List of European Union member states by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of European countries by average wage">Average wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of European Union member states by unemployment rate">Unemployment rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_health_expense_per_person" title="List of European Union member states by health expense per person">Health expense per person</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosphere" title="Eurosphere">Eurosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmentalism" title="Intergovernmentalism">Intergovernmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-speed_Europe" title="Multi-speed Europe">Multi-speed Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofunctionalism" title="Neofunctionalism">Neofunctionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimum_currency_area" title="Optimum currency area">Optimum currency area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromyth" title="Euromyth">Euromyths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">Federalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_legitimacy_of_the_European_Union" title="Democratic legitimacy of the European Union">Democratic legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differentiated_integration" title="Differentiated integration">Differentiated integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileged_partnership" title="Privileged partnership">Privileged partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower#European_Union" title="Potential superpower">Potential superpower status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Area of freedom, security and justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_and_asylum_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Migration and asylum policy of the European Union">Migration and asylum policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Judicial_Network" title="European Judicial Network">European Judicial Network</a> (criminal matters)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Judicial_Network_in_civil_and_commercial_matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters (page does not exist)">European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passports_of_the_European_Union" title="Passports of the European Union">passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_identity_card" class="mw-redirect" title="European identity card">identity card</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity cards in the European Economic Area">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_driving_licence" title="European driving licence">Driving licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle registration plates of the European Union">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Common Foreign and Security Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Structured_Cooperation" title="Permanent Structured Cooperation">Permanent Structured Cooperation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_banking_union" title="European banking union">European banking union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Banking_Supervision" title="European Banking Supervision">European Banking Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Mechanism" title="Single Resolution Mechanism">Single Resolution Mechanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Markets_Union" title="Capital Markets Union">Capital Markets Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervision" title="European System of Financial Supervision">European System of Financial Supervision</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">Single market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Agricultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">Cultural policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_policies_and_initiatives_of_the_European_Union" title="Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union">Educational policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Environmental policy of the European Union">Environmental policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Deal" title="European Green Deal">European Green Deal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Fisheries policy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HealthCare_in_the_European_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HealthCare in the European Union (page does not exist)">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Health_Insurance_Card" title="European Health Insurance Card">Health Insurance Card</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement_for_workers_in_the_European_Union" title="Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union">Labour mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">Regional development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Structural_and_Investment_Funds" title="European Structural and Investment Funds">European Structural and Investment Funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme" title="European Union Space Programme">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Sport policies of the European Union">Sport policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_value_added_tax" title="European Union value added tax">VAT Area</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign <br />relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEA_Joint_Committee" title="EEA Joint Committee">EEA Joint Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Community" title="Energy Community">Energy Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Common_Aviation_Area" title="European Common Aviation Area">European Common Aviation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Higher_Education_Area" title="European Higher Education Area">European Higher Education Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Framework Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Peace_Facility" title="European Peace Facility">European Peace Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Process" title="Stabilisation and Association Process">Stabilisation and Association Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">Euronest Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Gateway_Programme" title="EU Gateway Programme">EU Gateway Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Strategy_for_the_South_Caucasus" title="EU Strategy for the South Caucasus">EU Strategy for the South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dimension" title="Northern Dimension">Northern Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Current agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_relating_to_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Statistics relating to enlargement of the European Union">Statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Douzelage" title="Douzelage">Douzelage</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_European_History" title="House of European History">House of European History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012 Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_laissez-passer" title="European Union laissez-passer">Laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_the_European_Union" title="Media freedom in the European Union">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_European_Union" title="Public holidays in the European Union">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_European_Union" title="Religion in the European Union">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Europe" title="Telephone numbers in Europe">Telephone numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_European_Union" title="Symbols of the European Union">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union-related_lists" title="Category:European Union-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_on_the_European_Union" title="List of books on the European Union">Books on the subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_directives" title="List of European Union directives">Directives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits">Largest cities by population within city limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_political_parties_in_Europe_by_pancontinental_organisation" title="Table of political parties in Europe by pancontinental organisation">National parties by affiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union">Presidents of the institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Europe" title="Terrorism in Europe">Terrorist incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_European_Union" title="List of urban areas in the European Union">Urban areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_European_Union" title="Outline of the European Union">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union" title="Category:European Union">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elections_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elections_in_Europe" title="Template:Elections in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elections_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Elections in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elections_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elections in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elections_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Elections in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Andorra" title="Elections in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Armenia" title="Elections in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Austria" title="Elections in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Azerbaijan" title="Elections in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belarus" title="Elections in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belgium" title="Elections in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bulgaria" title="Elections in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Elections in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Denmark" title="Elections in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Estonia" title="Elections in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Finland" title="Elections in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Elections in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greece" title="Elections in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iceland" title="Elections in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kazakhstan" title="Elections in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Latvia" title="Elections in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Liechtenstein" title="Elections in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Luxembourg" title="Elections in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malta" title="Elections in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Moldova" title="Elections in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Monaco" title="Elections in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Montenegro" title="Elections in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Macedonia" title="Elections in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Norway" title="Elections in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Poland" title="Elections in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Portugal" title="Elections in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Russia" title="Elections in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_San_Marino" title="Elections in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Serbia" title="Elections in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovakia" title="Elections in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovenia" title="Elections in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Elections in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Scotland" title="Elections in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales" title="Elections in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Abkhazia" title="Elections in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kosovo" title="Elections in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Elections in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Ossetia" title="Elections in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_%C3%85land" title="Elections in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Elections in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Gibraltar" title="Elections in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Guernsey" title="Elections in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Elections in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jersey" title="Elections in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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