CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135260178648962',cH: 'L6DQeahSBmMFHEt9L.8NhU8RDCv4NbILhtP9OTj.CDw-1739788713-1.2.1.1-RUwlPLs4x_2pzSyytanYDMnkMYcfJdl8p__j2PGEHRaF3IDpC65Bn5RXCnaV5Je.',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=political%20event&__cf_chl_tk=oTSOnESP77bYtN4.dYyy2UD_S2QgVSLpElfTBCnQPFs-1739788713-1.0.1.1-hOEHB.iBG3r.uMlh8yBhSjgStSs6hXRGUjcHFvjoi0k",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788713',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=political%20event&__cf_chl_f_tk=oTSOnESP77bYtN4.dYyy2UD_S2QgVSLpElfTBCnQPFs-1739788713-1.0.1.1-hOEHB.iBG3r.uMlh8yBhSjgStSs6hXRGUjcHFvjoi0k",md: "gVSWipq1XOjoPGebMZdabWj3i0kc_BpCzfvyLBlIsA4-1739788713-1.2.1.1-.j9vjM5JNlxHM00ZCRlg7x1gZCC71eXA.Zl8edvNs5ylAbxGFdBdynCr6fADi27vyeDAPewHxcUQgK.TCGN4zBWaGUvtX0cLtIxodRrJYpximyfp.HNhdw5mSyXtiig3vCbOP9ym37FjwWNHvzh.Spo7m9vvD0fEFrI_1Cs8wd7dX7wwchBBo54F53oLd4G8OVlB3rJKyCDoReWe6cbed4eiVCilAVK0tPASsMSqg19Q2ae15VZTpvwR66CWDfdRF_hQsGPy8P2dKXXLtOpjHmQQ18W5ha1RYplP8ns2aEjYCwrefYA0aoH1Pl8dQ1yslYbVFFrp749VQHFPCUPDmezJNomOpXDf4QBAliP7iWQeYm1XViN.mSxyg083m9sxNO0ctMR6truOHR2QCvrd.2kxb7aqQ0f9idIKcAOzLaqCDv9efD_JAoTE41GQuiGzmzyfAPebqdy2IERTUB.EAnrnSnvCW3Obpl47Kh8WBnVaWDWUVoMrVQPTZGH1Vyj_r9KjZ6Lx9H4WAOWrDFbp5keMLMzRUVjpg7LWeg_ZEfyzfG_QbOpoQvFrLGDdApjDMhIEH5HLoXRlxtFGWSFdLoxAytLAQGuYspqPW8CDNgYzf66J.0G2hWAbQDdAzK7qkcd0r3IQ9yR9M1GFkBakot.n.A9aWIxlKH2cI9LCjjNUw2qp.2n_GkXwXj1613lGx9XSH_GEGKH4itRz8FCYqwyh5m_FQpWeDP8uyz94TUvPF4nXH9QoxX8PesW484fgrWOJ2JrTpkqP_l3bZ8gRd5sGuOAMU9EIxcOjWPnBivTPwyaaac2NGqT5qWRtluthfg0UGBAJtV3kyhVTrBF0yr4HnaZHOLjlEiN1NJTvPGLmZof66pri1nZan8blaFMaY6n6JdqrtB3vI6icS.RheEQOrFc5EfiXCwQ2YesBRM2QPslo7es1Qnpif84rCYOV6w681fyxPN_ByIPsj8FDqYqLcxeUW2Q_vdias4Dffnwdq3CzHi_hQVUyqPXggBylZ_EBwYi9P_gD7gBH2I84EKXNJFfwpgAK6j8FmdmCa9qIRybpycv6w3VDhb2c48zRBngDn1UMFiWbLJ.Brh18jHPJnncm2jEV2qtNkfkaLodEaL8LThDUXgthX6hOopK13Jfm4Z9xb9Xb8o_n_4phcbuSyq6TbvyfTmCaXV_IhFGk80RBxLLdtO.if8qWM4RRcIJJKqBhRK8EvKw3WMN8NIt2d5Q7X.pxk9YAW1qUBXDPkC2lyVVVNJUTf4xoNT1njsJrdS_5qAKD_nNUk6Guia8HetHdio9Rg2vTdojAYvXQuahsxoW7ny55SO3a3MwNZviKXQn1tlVwSHlnnLhVEbwDqLzthY.1fpJqEz4DU76ar8VLPk5TPMv9d.TIsEsD2jcy92IyZfEEMVh0mMPK0RFLp95h_KzR66mMJj0hKMUBlkijO5DJDM7l_gUD4VEm6nRKsdAVJ1Ru2z3hTuT5XZxjycoV_2N4mNGKldgolwPlALt65BfLQAXuwu2F.K7UhqzR.EYe9B8z1cfmYQv8_CQ6sVzC0dm9yBnLumqhB1DUYzqE05rdcPaMU6o6wp9tyA5qmiNbXQPLSc8.w0KzNvFZ9Voo9xHnpD0haoKzEN5vldrHGyDourVFUdDRXjInrDJEjuR9TE67iBdPRSoLBbTazaNIX6T0lOU2NviCsqk4.P4u_EqMq1k87G5Z8j2c2vDE0o8yCu6hrePBDFf45aIXg0VBhst0SgLdWWVmbyi06jWTZwa6XVaM.xfZgc_pV9UaS9ToJ2s0HyOWapdElozZGE4y..H5S7swHlzkaG5euRm9iZhh_2MwwKJ3bdMEDHJC1Zg9PMmkDF5tbtYhXcHS5_2pgRNut.L6JxTfWwKL.VsGLqlP0U3E5yKGg4Jt_ocjGbrvDgXHg2NejlNN.0TRbN42YxWfJEmWaToj8B8",mdrd: "IvcIjjkXhvzthgSkePV1_21.XhDSxF4mjW2xWHDFhsI-1739788713-1.2.1.1-WkqcpobBKeOpL_H88ZzTJkXZozYnS697pilfmZLl6N_yBjE_1qBL8ScXvJqjkoc49RRnnr3tX4sEclhR1_087vBZF8e99iQbVeCaZV6hn8doEin1nJkuu61qRuYcgKXpPWDLTa6zCdMSOuEQXBfjNEzg9IQGDg.D72f3KKUpqAKN5VT7zLp33_hQW5PFxvNp.kzqSLrQowEMlTxgT3D_Umo99bvbzC4M1I05rGZzMnBGMcvRA2EgoEHwdM135dzXJ0blctlljvdo3NY5dBU1RY0RP9ypSLas4BJbTPQH2A8cmbn4CGti2OvF9.kgRQSMVoqdfqO4tKCVWUwuPVCQxLyPIV7lqeC4b.bWA4DihXGGIbo6Zxx5_qR18CA9RLbooMLDYSn5a0bEXyvRZCParuwWwVxZPz9IO07MZK0t5XhK3nm5hDtRs26t34_cDsKGEKtKXQzeD1aSXhwX7rHmMREA3x66UzODw7MpxZRis.PYM.8MGpI0lU.r1BXX4Qq1ZbeWf8xrS0CWY8.X2rjpUTdykO4g7wzKP60FiWeK3HGtep9oslA9WAia.tyH9BWLJmqcpQH5ZWjuQRvirIzfLC.HHFkr8NwY2g1rIfGo_1VHWHy77k5I5UXTr6Hh1SnZYkU8KiJUOlBzl3J3q9mvVNoMXSpFC06CcP8aadfSzfvJdlHFGCFlMUmIHGWzl4C2zhbIVfmKrApG59j.ELvhvfbchxRzdG3FjaldyC9vrdpdbar4gv70SLu3drZzrHDIkeqBcOvvir5E_n5jH4ytr8U2xeJbd4i4BTpJGk3P3p4cvW2ZNzTb2rDH4GX.40hN5pu5D1Chn0OdwqN_VS8KU3yTihgW8QsqEHiUAFoxztQ2VUHSJC8Q4EPwtqsljn2qL_o3qH3vRTi1jv.24SZDffx5IdSv4EZCQnQbZ35.fwSBcE4zJMkqKGjJExgCV8Z0E70QuYvqtfuWEtLwxY0IvxXyGY3nDMuPDtpY99rFU63sM_uC_yM.yB6fOmfyctyXQjNtK0IjBk_ohm5L7093GzBneGpvMV1OKfZX_IaneMwM0WurSbU12g8c.Uh8lGxt8uDrUM6IuhKgXvIJd9C5WaTceFsL9ZlccAlwmBgGet_z6XcJgzrfewhxmXnFSmAXQ2scaaomVhQr1IeLn63.K8.MgqQQ_pntTbCXmX7LEzAsPn.4Ir2IAVdb3vWz4SGwJCcUE8QTWggHOc3H.mB7WZdQlJG5V_93WOrNe22pRR1iT2d6FD4SNfQyMSWGb15X2i10vW2WSHkx8NINsEHCKrUc21Me8UH.034lPD4sCIHF9AHOleytle1LnCb0KZC_vHzjzTL6Unz9FjtW7O0_AvK3SWPtgkZuxsrwtgfGGvfnjpMKfBxKWviu1nyNMUfqzuqIDFUvUaOr9aiG6t.WMd.dfLZ9H.0gZm.ahr.0AtOU4IRyg1i7.Fi4ZqCDHsFhA6fZ4qH4eRxMqAWcI5Jo0D6pl3h3kV2Ky2HjKQ.acOaIN0STWldaciUfbHjEWBhg1Xg6gwb751zPNO0N1UDw4t7Z_.CgCJyDhwjr2zR3ACh9GX_ir6ukaPKxeCoarwTiXi8QcYXR5WUP9F2UVdclVh0J7FnwxNc8K1LYLcSNe3k_9fFKqdbmu4dHTAR8u9xpkO39JdgdkE.xGmCExRl4dLWEU0B2C13gUNt8p2wkaP74NN_OtT6XJ20j2M1lbgWTOAIDSe5yyYjda2U084nG2oZs3eTPRVVLUU0d2NCRzI12GEx1OPHcudOkHNRFLOphhK7EabHqkKL9LBd0.4OoA5RT9qUQtxbKDOsTPid0ihgjEZPORYbvSveT39DFwqK93KsmJbQ14Q_10XFNe7GcSbHEB8Y6YxIOmlZgJCP4XS1FtxEc4CcyJdy6drOVD4f4Nlzg8AA1HCQMHQpHyvGu6mOSjTRV.YNr.FNwYAAgigDpK9E2e7lJOEKCP1VuKocyWFWu3FBAK9ojspCeY2gOXQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135260178648962';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=political%20event&__cf_chl_rt_tk=oTSOnESP77bYtN4.dYyy2UD_S2QgVSLpElfTBCnQPFs-1739788713-1.0.1.1-hOEHB.iBG3r.uMlh8yBhSjgStSs6hXRGUjcHFvjoi0k" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>