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mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namoratunga" title="Namoratunga – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Namoratunga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najdi%C5%A1%C4%8De_Kolokol_stebrov" title="Najdišče Kolokol stebrov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Najdišče Kolokol stebrov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E7%9F%B3%E6%9F%B1%E9%81%97%E8%BF%B9" title="卡洛克尔石柱遗迹 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡洛克尔石柱遗迹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1215326#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kalokol_Pillar_Site" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kalokol_Pillar_Site" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kalokol_Pillar_Site&params=3.422778_N_35.802778_E_type:landmark_region:"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°25′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°48′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.422778°N 35.802778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">3.422778; 35.802778</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archeological site in Kenya</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Nasura Pillar Site</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Namoratunga_in_Turkana,_Kenya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Nasura Pillar Site in Turkana, Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Namoratunga_in_Turkana%2C_Kenya.jpg/220px-Namoratunga_in_Turkana%2C_Kenya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Namoratunga_in_Turkana%2C_Kenya.jpg/330px-Namoratunga_in_Turkana%2C_Kenya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Namoratunga_in_Turkana%2C_Kenya.jpg/440px-Namoratunga_in_Turkana%2C_Kenya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nasura Pillar Site in Turkana, Kenya</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenya_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kalokol Pillar Site is located in Kenya"><img alt="Kalokol Pillar Site is located in Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kenya_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Kenya_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kenya_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Kenya_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kenya_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Kenya_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.429%;left:28.028%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kalokol Pillar Site"><img alt="Kalokol Pillar Site" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Nasura Pillar Site in Nasura kangatotha ward Turkana, Kenya</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Turkana" title="Lake Turkana">Lake Turkana</a>, Kenya</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label">kangatotha ward</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kalokol_Pillar_Site&params=3.422778_N_35.802778_E_type:landmark_region:"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°25′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°48′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.422778°N 35.802778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">3.422778; 35.802778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Kenya" title="Category:History of Kenya">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya" title="History of Kenya">History of Kenya</a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insigne_Keniae.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Kenya"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Insigne_Keniae.svg/50px-Insigne_Keniae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Insigne_Keniae.svg/75px-Insigne_Keniae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Insigne_Keniae.svg/100px-Insigne_Keniae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="611" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content wrap"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kenya" title="Timeline of Kenya">Overview</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kenya" title="Timeline of Kenya">Timeline of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Kenya" title="List of years in Kenya">List of years in Kenya</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content wrap"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Paleolithic" title="History of Kenya">Pleistocene</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koobi_Fora" title="Koobi Fora">Koobi Fora Hominins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olorgesailie" title="Olorgesailie">Olorgesailie Aechulean hand axe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kariandusi_prehistoric_site" title="Kariandusi prehistoric site">Kariandusi prehistoric site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkapune_Ya_Muto" title="Enkapune Ya Muto">Enkapune Ya Muto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataruk" title="Nataruk">Nataruk</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content wrap"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Neolithic" title="History of Kenya">Neolithic</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lothagam_North_Pillar_Site" title="Lothagam North Pillar Site">Lothagam North Monumental Cemetery</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kalokol Pillar Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmenteitan" title="Elmenteitan">Elmenteitan Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savanna_Pastoral_Neolithic" title="Savanna Pastoral Neolithic">Cushitic expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburran_industry" title="Eburran industry">Eburran industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrax_Hill" title="Hyrax Hill">Hyrax Hill</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content wrap"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Iron_Age" title="History of Kenya">African Iron Age</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirikwa_culture" title="Sirikwa culture">Sirikwa culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilotic_peoples" title="Nilotic peoples">Nilotic expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urewe" title="Urewe">Urewe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimlich_Ohinga" title="Thimlich Ohinga">Thimlich Ohinga stone-built ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shungwaya" title="Shungwaya">Shungwaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaya_(Mijikenda)" title="Kaya (Mijikenda)">Mijikenda Kayas (Fortified settlements)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade route</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content wrap"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Swahili_culture_and_trade" title="History of Kenya">Swahili city-states</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_culture" title="Swahili culture">Swahili culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Sultanate" title="Kilwa Sultanate">Kilwa Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombasa#History" title="Mombasa">History of Mombasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malindi#History" title="Malindi">History of Malindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu#History" title="Lamu">History of Lamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins_of_Gedi" title="Ruins of Gedi">Ruins of Gedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumba_la_Mtwana" title="Jumba la Mtwana">Jumba la Mtwana</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content wrap"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Portuguese_and_Omani_influences" title="History of Kenya">Portuguese and Omani period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Jesus" title="Fort Jesus">Fort Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="East African slave trade">East African slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Empire" title="Omani Empire">Omani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_bin_Sultan" title="Said bin Sultan">Said bin Sultan</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content wrap"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#British_rule_(1895–1963)" title="History of Kenya">British colonial period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Krapf" title="Johann Ludwig Krapf">Johann Ludwig Krapf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_British_East_Africa_Company" title="Imperial British East Africa Company">Imperial British East Africa Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanga_Kingdom" title="Wanga Kingdom">Wanga Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabongo_Mumia" title="Nabongo Mumia">Nabongo Mumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya-Uganda_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenya-Uganda Railway">Kenya-Uganda Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandi_Resistance" title="Nandi Resistance">Nandi Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_East_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="British East Africa">British East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Railway" title="Uganda Railway">Kenya-Uganda Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekatilili_Wa_Menza" title="Mekatilili Wa Menza">Mekatilili Wa Menza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East African campaign (World War I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumboism" title="Mumboism">Mumboism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Union_(Welfare_Organisation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luo Union (Welfare Organisation)">Luo Union (Welfare Organisation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Thuku" title="Harry Thuku">Harry Thuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_in_World_War_II" title="Kenya in World War II">Kenya in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_African_Union" title="Kenya African Union">Kenya African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mau Mau Rebellion">Mau Mau Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedan_Kimathi" title="Dedan Kimathi">Dedan Kimathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mboya" title="Tom Mboya">Tom Mboya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oginga_Odinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Oginga Odinga">Oginga Odinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi_People%27s_Convention_Party" title="Nairobi People's Convention Party">Nairobi People's Convention Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedy_Airlift" title="The Kennedy Airlift">The Kennedy Airlift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_African_National_Union" title="Kenya African National Union">Kenya African National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Conferences_(Kenya)" title="Lancaster House Conferences (Kenya)">Lancaster House Conferences (Kenya)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content wrap"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Independence" title="History of Kenya">Early post-independence</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pio_Gama_Pinto" title="Pio Gama Pinto">Pio Gama Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bildad_Kaggia" title="Bildad Kaggia">Bildad Kaggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_People%27s_Union" title="Kenya People's Union">Kenya People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Kenyan_parliamentary_by-elections" title="1966 Kenyan parliamentary by-elections">'Little general election'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisumu_massacre" title="Kisumu massacre">Kisumu Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gikuyu,_Embu,_and_Meru_Association" title="Gikuyu, Embu, and Meru Association">Gikuyu, Embu, and Meru Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Mwangi_Kariuki" title="Josiah Mwangi Kariuki">Josiah Mwangi Kariuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Presidency of Jomo Kenyatta">Presidency of Jomo Kenyatta</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content wrap"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Moi_regime_(1978–2002)" title="History of Kenya">Moi era</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Arap_Moi" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Arap Moi">Daniel Arap Moi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Kenyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Kenyan coup d'état attempt">1982 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagalla_massacre" title="Wagalla massacre">Wagalla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Kenyan_general_election" title="1992 Kenyan general election">1992 Kenyan general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Kenya" title="HIV/AIDS in Kenya">HIV/AIDS in Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Kenyan_general_election" title="1997 Kenyan general election">1997 Kenyan general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings" title="1998 United States embassy bombings">1998 United States embassy bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Kenya" title="Terrorism in Kenya">Terrorism in Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Daniel_Moi" title="Presidency of Daniel Moi">Presidency of Daniel Moi</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content wrap"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Recent_history_(2002_to_present)" title="History of Kenya">Recent history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Kenyan_general_election" title="2002 Kenyan general election">2002 Kenyan general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki" title="Mwai Kibaki">Mwai Kibaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Kenyan_constitutional_referendum" title="2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum">2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007-2008_Kenyan_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007-2008 Kenyan crisis">2007-2008 Kenyan crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Kenyan_constitutional_referendum" title="2010 Kenyan constitutional referendum">2010 Kenyan constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate_shopping_mall_attack" title="Westgate shopping mall attack">Westgate shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpeketoni_attacks" title="Mpeketoni attacks">2014 Mpeketoni attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Mwai_Kibaki" title="Presidency of Mwai Kibaki">Presidency of Mwai Kibaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garissa_University_College_attack" title="Garissa University College attack">Garissa University College attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2017_Kenyan_presidential_election" title="October 2017 Kenyan presidential election">October 2017 Kenyan presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Kenya_handshake" title="2018 Kenya handshake">2018 Kenya handshake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya">COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta">Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/16px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/24px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kenya" title="Portal:Kenya">Kenya portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Kenya" title="Template:History of Kenya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Kenya" title="Template talk:History of Kenya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Kenya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Kenya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Nasura Pillar Site,</b> registered as GcJh3 and also known as Namoratunga II, is an <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> site on the west side of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Turkana" title="Lake Turkana">Lake Turkana</a> in Kenya dating to the <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_Neolithic" title="Pastoral Neolithic">Pastoral Neolithic</a>. Namoratunga means "people of stone" in the <a href="/wiki/Turkana_language" title="Turkana language">Turkana language</a>. The site was originally believed to have been created around 300 BC, but recent excavations have yielded an older radiocarbon sample dating to 2398 +/- 44 years BC.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalokol_Pillar_Site&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The site is located 50 Kilometres off the Lodwar – Kalokol highway, an it is easily visible on 30 metres (98 ft) from the road. The Kalokol Pillar Site contains 19 basalt pillars which are surrounded by a circular formation of stones. A number of other pillar sites surround Lake Turkana as well and date to the same time period; <a href="/wiki/Lothagam_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothagam North">Lothagam North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manemanya_Pillar_Site" title="Manemanya Pillar Site">Manemanya</a>, for example, are communal cemeteries. These sites were likely built by the region's earliest herders.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another burial site with stone cairns, Namoratunga I, <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <a href="/wiki/Lokori" title="Lokori">Lokori</a>, does not have stone pillars.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeologists Mark Lynch and L.H. Robbins described the Kalokol Pillar Site in 1978 and identified it as a possible <a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomical" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeoastronomical">archaeoastronomical</a> site.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lynch believed the basalt pillars tie the constellations or stars to the 12-month 354-day lunar calendar of <a href="/wiki/Cushitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushitic">Cushitic</a> speakers of southern <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>. The pillars were said to align with seven star systems: <a href="/wiki/Triangulum" title="Triangulum">Triangulum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellatrix" title="Bellatrix">Bellatrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldebaran" title="Aldebaran">Aldebaran</a>, Central <a href="/wiki/Orion_(constellation)" title="Orion (constellation)">Orion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saiph" title="Saiph">Saiph</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a>. Other archaeologists have reanalyzed the archaeoastronomical evidence,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an older radiocarbon date from the Kalokol Pillar Site now calls into question these interpretations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalokol_Pillar_Site&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDoyle1986" class="citation journal cs1">Doyle, L.R. (1986). "The Borana Calendar Reinterpreted". <i>Current Anthropology</i>. <b>27</b> (3): 286–287. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F203439">10.1086/203439</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144426218">144426218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=The+Borana+Calendar+Reinterpreted&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=286-287&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F203439&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144426218%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=L.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalokol+Pillar+Site" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyleFrank1997" class="citation journal cs1">Doyle, L.R.; Frank, E.W. (1997). H. Selin (ed.). "Astronomy of Africa". <i>Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures</i>. Kluwer, Netherlands: 96–99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+History+of+Science%2C+Technology+and+Medicine+in+Non-Western+Cultures&rft.atitle=Astronomy+of+Africa&rft.pages=96-99&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=L.R.&rft.au=Frank%2C+E.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalokol+Pillar+Site" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalokol_Pillar_Site&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borana_calendar" title="Borana calendar">Borana calendar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalokol_Pillar_Site&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHildebrandSheaGrillo2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Shea, John J.; Grillo, Katherine M. (2011). "Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya". <i>Journal of Field Archaeology</i>. <b>36</b> (3): 181–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2F009346911X12991472411088">10.1179/009346911X12991472411088</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54739651">54739651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Four+middle+Holocene+pillar+sites+in+West+Turkana%2C+Kenya&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=181-200&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2F009346911X12991472411088&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54739651%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hildebrand&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth+A.&rft.au=Shea%2C+John+J.&rft.au=Grillo%2C+Katherine+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalokol+Pillar+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHildebrand2018" class="citation journal cs1">Hildebrand, Elisabeth; et al. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363">"A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"</a>. <i>PNAS</i>. <b>115</b> (36): 8942–8947. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1721975115">10.1073/pnas.1721975115</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363">6130363</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016">30127016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PNAS&rft.atitle=A+monumental+cemetery+built+by+eastern+Africa%27s+first+herders+near+Lake+Turkana%2C+Kenya&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=8942-8947&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6130363%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30127016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1721975115&rft.aulast=Hildebrand&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6130363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalokol+Pillar+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="nowrap"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kalokol_Pillar_Site&params=2_23_0.04_N_36_8_2.52_E_region:KE_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">2°23′0.04″N</span> <span class="longitude">36°8′2.52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">2.3833444°N 36.1340333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">2.3833444; 36.1340333</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubiak1982" class="citation journal cs1">Kubiak, M. (1982). "Eclipse at Namoratunga". <i>The Observatory</i>. <b>102</b>: 211. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982Obs...102..210K">1982Obs...102..210K</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observatory&rft.atitle=Eclipse+at+Namoratunga&rft.volume=102&rft.pages=211&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982Obs...102..210K&rft.aulast=Kubiak&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalokol+Pillar+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelaine1997" class="citation book cs1">Helaine, Seline (1997). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_the_History_of_Science,_Technology,_and_Medicine_in_Non-Western_Cultures" title="Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures">Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures</a></i>. Springer. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-4066-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-4066-9"><bdi>978-0-7923-4066-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+History+of+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Medicine+in+Non-Western+Cultures&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-4066-9&rft.aulast=Helaine&rft.aufirst=Seline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalokol+Pillar+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrupp2003" class="citation book cs1">Krupp, Edwin C. (2003). <i>Echoes of the Ancient Skies: The Astronomy of Lost Civilizations</i>. Dover. pp. 170–172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-42882-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-42882-6"><bdi>978-0-486-42882-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Echoes+of+the+Ancient+Skies%3A+The+Astronomy+of+Lost+Civilizations&rft.pages=170-172&rft.pub=Dover&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-486-42882-6&rft.aulast=Krupp&rft.aufirst=Edwin+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalokol+Pillar+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvorsky2018" class="citation web cs1">Dvorsky, George (20 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/ancient-cemetery-packed-with-hundreds-of-bodies-discove-1828467180">"Ancient Cemetery Packed With Hundreds of Bodies Discovered in Kenya"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+Cemetery+Packed+With+Hundreds+of+Bodies+Discovered+in+Kenya&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft.aulast=Dvorsky&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Fancient-cemetery-packed-with-hundreds-of-bodies-discove-1828467180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalokol+Pillar+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbinsLynch1978" class="citation journal cs1">Robbins, L. H.; Lynch, B. M. (19 May 1978). "Namoratunga: The First Archeoastronomical Evidence in Sub-Saharan Africa". <i>Science</i>. <b>200</b> (4343): 766–768. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978Sci...200..766L">1978Sci...200..766L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.200.4343.766">10.1126/science.200.4343.766</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1095-9203">1095-9203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17743241">17743241</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31531630">31531630</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Namoratunga%3A+The+First+Archeoastronomical+Evidence+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=4343&rft.pages=766-768&rft.date=1978-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31531630%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1978Sci...200..766L&rft.issn=1095-9203&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.200.4343.766&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17743241&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=L.+H.&rft.au=Lynch%2C+B.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalokol+Pillar+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyleWilcox1986" class="citation journal cs1">Doyle, Laurance R.; Wilcox, Thomas J. (1986). "Statistical Analysis of Namoratunga: An Archaeoastronomical Site in Sub-Saharan Africa?". <i>Azania</i>. <b>21</b> (1): 125–129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00672708609511373">10.1080/00672708609511373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Azania&rft.atitle=Statistical+Analysis+of+Namoratunga%3A+An+Archaeoastronomical+Site+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa%3F&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=125-129&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00672708609511373&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=Laurance+R.&rft.au=Wilcox%2C+Thomas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalokol+Pillar+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kenya&#124;link=Kenya_Archaeological_sites_in_Kenya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archaeological_sites_in_Kenya" title="Template:Archaeological sites in Kenya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archaeological_sites_in_Kenya" title="Template talk:Archaeological sites in Kenya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological_sites_in_Kenya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological sites in Kenya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kenya&#124;link=Kenya_Archaeological_sites_in_Kenya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Archaeological sites in Kenya</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Kenya" title="Category:Archaeological sites in Kenya">Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enkapune_Ya_Muto" title="Enkapune Ya Muto">Enkapune Ya Muto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkorika" title="Enkorika">Enkorika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrax_Hill" title="Hyrax Hill">Hyrax Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ileret" title="Ileret">Ileret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumba_la_Mtwana" title="Jumba la Mtwana">Jumba la Mtwana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kalokol Pillar Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapthurin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapthurin">Kapthurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaya_(Mijikenda)" title="Kaya (Mijikenda)">Kaya (Mijikenda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiongwe" title="Kiongwe">Kiongwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koobi_Fora" title="Koobi Fora">Koobi Fora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu" title="Lamu">Lamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothagam_North_Pillar_Site" title="Lothagam North Pillar Site">Lothagam North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambrui" title="Mambrui">Mambrui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_Island" title="Manda Island">Manda Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manemanya_Pillar_Site" title="Manemanya Pillar Site">Manemanya Pillar Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Homa" title="Mount Homa">Mount Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngenyn" title="Ngenyn">Ngenyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njoro_River_Cave" title="Njoro River Cave">Njoro River Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olorgesailie" title="Olorgesailie">Olorgesailie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panga_ya_Saidi" title="Panga ya Saidi">Panga ya Saidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pate_Island" title="Pate Island">Pate Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins_of_Gedi" title="Ruins of Gedi">Ruins of Gedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takwa" title="Takwa">Takwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimlich_Ohinga" title="Thimlich Ohinga">Thimlich Ohinga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalokol_Pillar_Site&oldid=1204196821">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalokol_Pillar_Site&oldid=1204196821</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Kenya" title="Category:Archaeological sites in Kenya">Archaeological sites in Kenya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lake_Turkana" title="Category:Lake Turkana">Lake Turkana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_of_Eastern_Africa" title="Category:Archaeological sites of Eastern Africa">Archaeological sites of Eastern Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neolithic_Africa" title="Category:Neolithic Africa">Neolithic Africa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_March_2014" title="Category:EngvarB from March 2014">EngvarB from March 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2014">Use dmy dates from March 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 February 2024, at 16:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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