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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Close+front+unrounded+vowel" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style>The close front unrounded vowel, or high front unrounded vowel,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowel</a> sound that occurs in most spoken <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>, represented in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> by the symbol i. It is similar to the vowel sound in the <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English</a> word meet—and often called long-e in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Although in English this sound has additional <a href="/wiki/Long_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Long vowel">length</a> (usually being represented as /iː/) and is not normally pronounced as a pure vowel (it is a slight <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthong</a>), some dialects have been reported to pronounce the phoneme as a pure sound.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> A pure [i] sound is also heard in many other languages, such as <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French</a>, in words like chic. <table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Close front unrounded vowel</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">i</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">301</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="1" data-mwtitle="Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio> <div><a href="/wiki/File:Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close front unrounded vowel.ogg">source</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(decimal)</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#105;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(hex)</th><td class="infobox-data">U+0069</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>i</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_I9.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A"><img alt="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/25px-Braille_I9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/38px-Braille_I9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/50px-Braille_I9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{padding:0.2em;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2ce;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table .wraplinks .selflink{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow)[scope="col"]{text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;max-width:4em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-placearrow)[scope="row"]{text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable:not(.IPA-common-audiotable) td:not([colspan]){text-align:center;max-width:1.2em;min-width:1.2em;padding:0.1em 0.2em;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-audiotable td{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-noleftborder{border-left:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-norightborder{border-right:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notopborder{border-top:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-nobottomborder{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-shaded{background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes{text-align:left;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes>div{float:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes>div ul{white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes>div ul li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-audiocell{width:40px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .IPA-audiocell-symbol{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .IPA-audiocell-audio{height:20px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-audiocell-audio .ext-phonos-attribution{margin-left:0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{background-color:#262600}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{background-color:#262600}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="IPA-common-captioned floatright" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="IPA-common-caption" style=""><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233850583">.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main,.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div>span,.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-dot,.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio .IPA-audiocell{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main{table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-nocaption{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th{vertical-align:middle;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th[scope="col"]{padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th[scope="row"]{text-align:right;padding-left:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-minorcaption{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main td{vertical-align:middle;padding:0;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio td{width:106.67px;min-width:106.67px;height:32px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio td{width:200px;min-width:200px;height:60px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-image-cell{position:relative}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-image{position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container{display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div{width:1em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:first-child{direction:rtl;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:last-child{direction:ltr;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:first-child>span{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:last-child>span{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-dot{z-index:-1}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio .IPA-vowels-container>div:empty{width:40px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio .IPA-audiocell-audio{font-size:90%}</style> <table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-noaudio" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td class="IPA-vowels-image-cell"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/320px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/480px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/640px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-22px, -1px);"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">i</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-1px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_vowel" title="Near-close vowel">Near-close</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(40px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-15px, -1px);"><div></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">ɘ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel">ø̞</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(32px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ̞</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(64px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">ɜ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel">ɞ</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_vowel" title="Near-open vowel">Near-open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(85px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(53px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(106px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">ɶ</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(63px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <hr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> <a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_vowels" title="Template:IPA vowels">template</a></li></ul> </div> Legend: <a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">unrounded • rounded</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spectrogram_of_close_front_unrounded_vowel_(IPA_i).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spectrogram_of_close_front_unrounded_vowel_%28IPA_i%29.png/220px-Spectrogram_of_close_front_unrounded_vowel_%28IPA_i%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spectrogram_of_close_front_unrounded_vowel_%28IPA_i%29.png/330px-Spectrogram_of_close_front_unrounded_vowel_%28IPA_i%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spectrogram_of_close_front_unrounded_vowel_%28IPA_i%29.png/440px-Spectrogram_of_close_front_unrounded_vowel_%28IPA_i%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1700"></a><figcaption>A spectrogram of /i/.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_i_Sagittal_Section.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/IPA_i_Sagittal_Section.svg/220px-IPA_i_Sagittal_Section.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/IPA_i_Sagittal_Section.svg/330px-IPA_i_Sagittal_Section.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/IPA_i_Sagittal_Section.svg/440px-IPA_i_Sagittal_Section.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="925"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sagittal_plane" title="Sagittal plane">Sagittal section</a> of a vocal tract pronouncing the IPA sound ⟨i⟩. Note that a wavy <a href="/wiki/Glottis" title="Glottis">glottis</a> in this diagram indicates a voiced sound.</figcaption></figure> The close front unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal approximant">palatal approximant</a> [j]. They <a href="/wiki/Alternation_(linguistics)" title="Alternation (linguistics)">alternate</a> with each other in certain languages, such as <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthongs</a> of some languages, [i̯] with the non-syllabic diacritic and [j] are used in different <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">transcription</a> systems to represent the same sound. Languages that use the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> commonly use the letter ⟨i⟩ to represent this sound, though there are some exceptions: in <a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English orthography</a> that letter is usually associated with /aɪ/ (as in bite) or /ɪ/ (as in bit), and /iː/ is more commonly represented by ⟨e⟩, ⟨ea⟩, ⟨ee⟩, ⟨ie⟩ or ⟨ei⟩, as in the words scene, bean, meet, niece, conceive; (see <a href="/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift" title="Great Vowel Shift">Great Vowel Shift</a>). <a href="/wiki/Irish_orthography" title="Irish orthography">Irish orthography</a> reflects both etymology and whether preceding consonants are broad or slender, so such combinations as ⟨aí⟩, ⟨ei⟩, and ⟨aío⟩ all represent /iː/. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Features">1 Features</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Occurrence">2 Occurrence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Notes">3 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References">4 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links">5 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Vowel#Height" title="Vowel">vowel height</a> is <a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">close</a>, also known as high, which means the tongue is positioned close to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Vowel_backness" class="mw-redirect" title="Vowel backness">vowel backness</a> is <a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">front</a>, which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a>.</li> <li>It is <a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">unrounded</a>, which means that the lips are not rounded.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Occurrence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <table class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson19932-4">[4]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans alphabet">dief</a></td> <td>[dif]</td> <td>'thief'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_phonology" title="Afrikaans phonology">Afrikaans phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> <td>Standard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThelwall199038-5">[5]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">دين</a>/diin</td> <td>[d̪iːn]</td> <td>'religion'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Arabic_phonology" title="Arabic phonology">Arabic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199254-6">[6]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography">sic</a></td> <td>[ˈsik]</td> <td>'sic'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_phonology" title="Catalan phonology">Catalan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeZee2003110-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuanmu200735%E2%80%9336-8">[8]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">七</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">qī</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e2\/Zh-q%C4%AB.ogg\/Zh-q%C4%AB.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[t\u0255\u02b0i\u02e5]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-q\u012b.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/Zh-q%C4%AB.ogg/Zh-q%C4%AB.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[tɕʰi˥]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-q%C4%AB.ogg" title="File:Zh-qī.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'seven'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology" title="Standard Chinese phonology">Standard Chinese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">çип</a> </td> <td>[ɕ̬ip] </td> <td>'thread' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1199972-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C5%A0im%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1Podlipsk%C3%BDChl%C3%A1dkov%C3%A12012228-10">[10]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_orthography" title="Czech orthography">bílý</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cc\/Cs-b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.ogg\/Cs-b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u02c8bi\u02d0li\u02d0]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Cs-b\u00edl\u00fd.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/Cs-b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.ogg/Cs-b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ˈbiːliː]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Cs-b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.ogg" title="File:Cs-bílý.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'white'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Czech_phonology" title="Czech phonology">Czech phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199247-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerhoeven2005245-12">[12]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">biet</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9e\/Nl-biet.ogg\/Nl-biet.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[bit]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-biet.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-biet.ogg/Nl-biet.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[bit]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-biet.ogg" title="File:Nl-biet.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'beet'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">Dutch phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoach2004240-13">[13]</a></td> <td>Most dialects</td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">free</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a0\/En-us-free.ogg\/En-us-free.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[f\u0279\u0320i\u02d0]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-free.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/En-us-free.ogg/En-us-free.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[fɹ̠iː]</a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-free.ogg" title="File:En-us-free.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'free'</td> <td>Depending on dialect, can be pronounced as [ɪi]. See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxPalethorpe2007344-14">[14]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">bit</a></td> <td>[bit]</td> <td>'bit'</td> <td>Also described as near-close front [<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ̟</a>].<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher201765-15">[15]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Australian_English_phonology" title="Australian English phonology">Australian English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2013225-17">[17]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">fini</a></td> <td>[fini]</td> <td>'finished'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall200378,_107-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201534-19">[19]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">Ziel</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/75\/De-Ziel.ogg\/De-Ziel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[t\u0361si\u02d0l]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Ziel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/De-Ziel.ogg/De-Ziel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[t͡siːl]</a><a href="/wiki/File:De-Ziel.ogg" title="File:De-Ziel.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'goal'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Standard_German_phonology" title="Standard German phonology">Standard German phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Greek language">Greek</a></td> <td>Modern Standard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200728-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgill200981-21">[21]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">κήπος</a> / <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">kípos</a></td> <td>[ˈc̠ipo̞s̠]</td> <td>'garden'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Modern Greek phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</td> <td>Modern Standard</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew orthography">חשיבה</a></td> <td>[χäʃivä]</td> <td>'thinking'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew_phonology" title="Modern Hebrew phonology">Modern Hebrew phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzende199492-22">[22]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography">ív</a></td> <td>[iːv]</td> <td>'arch'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_phonology" title="Hungarian phonology">Hungarian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004119-23">[23]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">bile</a></td> <td>[ˈbiːle̞]</td> <td>'rage'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkada1999117-24">[24]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">銀</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">gin</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fd\/Ja-gin.ogg\/Ja-gin.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u0261\u02b2i\u0274]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ja-gin.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/Ja-gin.ogg/Ja-gin.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ɡʲiɴ]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Ja-gin.ogg" title="File:Ja-gin.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'silver'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">លទ្ធិ</a> / lôtthĭ</td> <td>[lattʰiʔ]</td> <td>'doctrine'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Khmer_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer phonology">Khmer phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee1999121-25">[25]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">아이</a> / <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Korean" title="Romanization of Korean">ai</a></td> <td>[ɐi]</td> <td>'child'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Korean_phonology" title="Korean phonology">Korean phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThackston2006a1-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhanLescot19708%E2%80%9316-27">[27]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji (Northern)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish orthography">şîr</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">[ʃiːɾ] </td> <td rowspan="3">'milk' </td> <td rowspan="3">See <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_phonology" title="Kurdish phonology">Kurdish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani (Central)</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish orthography"> شیر</a>/şîr </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palewani" class="mw-redirect" title="Palewani">Palewani (Southern)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_orthography" title="Lithuanian orthography">vyras</a></td> <td>[viːrɐs̪]</td> <td>'man'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_orthography" title="Lithuanian orthography">Lithuanian orthography</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian Malay</a> </td> <td>ikut </td> <td>[i.kʊt] </td> <td>'to follow' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Malay_phonology" title="Malay phonology">Malay phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a> </td> <td>ഇല </td> <td>[ilɐ] </td> <td>'leaf' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam phonology">Malayalam phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mpade_language" title="Mpade language">Mpade</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison2006-28">[28]</a></td> <td>fli</td> <td>[fli]</td> <td>'monkey'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJassem2003105-29">[29]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography">miś</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-7" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fa\/Pl-mi%C5%9B-2.ogg\/Pl-mi%C5%9B-2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u02c8m\u02b2i\u0255]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-mi\u015b-2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Pl-mi%C5%9B-2.ogg/Pl-mi%C5%9B-2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ˈmʲiɕ]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-mi%C5%9B-2.ogg" title="File:Pl-miś-2.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'teddy bear'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Polish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199592-30">[30]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">fino</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-8" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bf\/Fino_european_pt.wav\/Fino_european_pt.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u02c8finu]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fino european pt.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Fino_european_pt.wav/Fino_european_pt.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ˈfinu]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Fino_european_pt.wav" title="File:Fino european pt.wav">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'thin'</td> <td>Also occurs as an unstressed allophone of other vowels. May be represented by ⟨y⟩. See <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_phonology" title="Portuguese phonology">Portuguese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarlin201418-31">[31]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">insulă</a></td> <td>[ˈin̪s̪ulə]</td> <td>'island'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Romanian_phonology" title="Romanian phonology">Romanian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rungus_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rungus language">Rungus</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></td> <td>rikot</td> <td>[ˈri.kot]</td> <td>'to come'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesWard196930-33">[33]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_orthography" title="Russian orthography">лист</a>/list</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-9" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/52\/Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82.ogg\/Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[l\u02b2is\u032at\u032a]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82.ogg/Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[lʲis̪t̪]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82.ogg" title="File:Ru-лист.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'leaf'</td> <td>Only occurs word-initially or after <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> consonants. See <a href="/wiki/Russian_phonology" title="Russian phonology">Russian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandauLon%C4%8Dari%C4%87aHorga%C5%A0kari%C4%87199967-34">[34]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">виле</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">vile</a></td> <td>[ʋîle̞]</td> <td>'hayfork'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_phonology" title="Serbo-Croatian phonology">Serbo-Croatian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1nFern%C3%A1ndez-PlanasCarrera-Sabat%C3%A92003256-35">[35]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">tipo</a></td> <td>[ˈt̪ipo̞]</td> <td>'type'</td> <td>May also be represented by ⟨y⟩. See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDokeMofokeng1974?-36">[36]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sotho_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotho orthography">ho bitsa</a></td> <td>[huˌbit͡sʼɑ̈]</td> <td>'to call'</td> <td>Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDokeMofokeng1974?-36">[36]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Sotho_phonology" title="Sotho phonology">Sotho phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></td> <td>Central Standard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999140-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiad201421-38">[38]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">bli</a></td> <td>[bliː]</td> <td>'to become'</td> <td>Often realized as a sequence [ij] or [iʝ] (hear the word: <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-10" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b1\/Sv-bli.ogg\/Sv-bli.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[blij]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sv-bli.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Sv-bli.ogg/Sv-bli.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[blij]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Sv-bli.ogg" title="File:Sv-bli.ogg">ⓘ</a>); it may also be fricated [iᶻː] or, in some regions, fricated and centralized ([<a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨᶻː</a>]).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiad201421-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999141-39">[39]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Swedish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Filipino_orthography" title="Filipino orthography">ibon</a></td> <td>[ˈʔibɔn]</td> <td>'bird'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETingsabadhAbramson199324-40">[40]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">กริช</a>/krit</td> <td>[krìt]</td> <td>'dagger'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999155-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEG%C3%B6kselKerslake200510-42">[42]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">ip</a></td> <td>[ip]</td> <td>'rope'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Turkish_phonology" title="Turkish phonology">Turkish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954-43">[43]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">місто</a>/misto</td> <td>['misto]</td> <td>'city, town'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_phonology" title="Ukrainian phonology">Ukrainian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> </td> <td>es i </td> <td>[eːs iː] </td> <td>'I went' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Welsh_phonology" title="Welsh phonology">Welsh phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBamgbo%E1%B9%A3e1966166-44">[44]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_alphabet" title="Yoruba alphabet">síbí</a></td> <td>[síbí]</td> <td>'spoon'</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> While the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">International Phonetic Association</a> prefers the terms "close" and "open" for <a href="/wiki/Vowel_height" class="mw-redirect" title="Vowel height">vowel height</a>, many linguists use "high" and "low". </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaddox2007" class="citation web cs1">Maddox, Maeve (18 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailywritingtips.com/the-six-spellings-of-long-e/">"DailyWritingTips: The Six Spellings of "Long E""</a>. www.dailywritingtips.com. Retrieved July 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dailywritingtips.com&rft.atitle=DailyWritingTips%3A+The+Six+Spellings+of+%22Long+E%22&rft.date=2007-09-18&rft.aulast=Maddox&rft.aufirst=Maeve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailywritingtips.com%2Fthe-six-spellings-of-long-e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose+front+unrounded+vowel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabovSharonBoberg2006" class="citation book cs1">Labov, William; Sharon, Ash; Boberg, Charles (2006). The Atlas of North American English. Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter. chpt. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-016746-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-016746-7"><bdi>978-3-11-016746-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atlas+of+North+American+English&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=chpt.+17&rft.pub=Mouton-de+Gruyter&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-11-016746-7&rft.aulast=Labov&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Sharon%2C+Ash&rft.au=Boberg%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose+front+unrounded+vowel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson19932-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonaldson19932_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonaldson1993">Donaldson (1993)</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThelwall199038-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThelwall199038_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThelwall1990">Thelwall (1990)</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199254-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199254_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarbonellLlisterri1992">Carbonell & Llisterri (1992)</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeZee2003110-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeZee2003110_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeeZee2003">Lee & Zee (2003)</a>, p. 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuanmu200735–36-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuanmu200735%E2%80%9336_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuanmu2007">Duanmu (2007)</a>, pp. 35–36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDankovičová199972-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1199972_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A11999">Dankovičová (1999)</a>, p. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠimáčkováPodlipskýChládková2012228-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE%C5%A0im%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1Podlipsk%C3%BDChl%C3%A1dkov%C3%A12012228_10-0">^</a> <a 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ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison2006" class="citation cs2">Allison, Sean (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silcam.org/resources/archives/32321">Alphabet et orthographe de Kotoko de Makary (mpadɨ) (Makary Kotoko Orthography Statement)</a>, SIL</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alphabet+et+orthographe+de+Kotoko+de+Makary+%28mpad%C9%A8%29+%28Makary+Kotoko+Orthography+Statement%29&rft.pub=SIL&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silcam.org%2Fresources%2Farchives%2F32321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose+front+unrounded+vowel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArvaniti2007" class="citation cs2">Arvaniti, Amalia (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211020607/http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/Greek%20Phonetics%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Art.pdf">"Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art"</a> (PDF), Journal of Greek Linguistics, 8: 97–208, <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Greek+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Greek+Phonetics%3A+The+State+of+the+Art&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=97-208&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.692.1365%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fjgl.8.08arv&rft.aulast=Arvaniti&rft.aufirst=Amalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kent.ac.uk%2Fsecl%2Fell%2Fstaff%2Famalia-arvaniti%2Fdocs%2FGreek%2520Phonetics%2520-%2520The%2520State%2520of%2520the%2520Art.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose+front+unrounded+vowel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBamgboṣe1966" class="citation cs2">Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1966), A Grammar of Yoruba, [West African Languages Survey / Institute of African Studies], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press</cite><span 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href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249411809">249411809</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Catalan&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=53-56&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004618&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249411809%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Carbonell&rft.aufirst=Joan+F.&rft.au=Llisterri%2C+Joaquim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose+front+unrounded+vowel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsMees2013" class="citation cs2">Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. 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Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (1): 24–26, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300004746">10.1017/S0025100300004746</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0025-1003">0025-1003</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242001518">242001518</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Thai&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24-26&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242001518%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0025-1003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004746&rft.aulast=Tingsabadh&rft.aufirst=M.R.+Kalaya&rft.au=Abramson%2C+Arthur+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose+front+unrounded+vowel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrudgill2009" class="citation cs2">Trudgill, Peter (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233523754">"Greek Dialect Vowel Systems, Vowel Dispersion Theory, and Sociolinguistic Typology"</a>, Journal of Greek Linguistics, 9 (1): 80–97, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156658409X12500896406041">10.1163/156658409X12500896406041</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Greek+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Greek+Dialect+Vowel+Systems%2C+Vowel+Dispersion+Theory%2C+and+Sociolinguistic+Typology&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=80-97&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156658409X12500896406041&rft.aulast=Trudgill&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F233523754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose+front+unrounded+vowel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerhoeven2005" class="citation cs2">Verhoeven, Jo (2005), "Belgian Standard Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 243–247, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100305002173">10.1017/S0025100305002173</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Belgian+Standard+Dutch&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=243-247&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100305002173&rft.aulast=Verhoeven&rft.aufirst=Jo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose+front+unrounded+vowel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmerOrgun1999" class="citation cs2">Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725111322/http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf">"Turkish"</a> (PDF), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154–158, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65236-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65236-0"><bdi>978-0-521-65236-0</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2018-07-25, retrieved 2015-11-20</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turkish&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=154-158&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65236-0&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.au=Orgun%2C+Orhan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uta.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fcmfitz%2Fswnal%2Fprojects%2FCoLang%2Fcourses%2FTranscription%2Frosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose+front+unrounded+vowel" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=i">List of languages with [i]</a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235389435"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049671">.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-placearrow{border-bottom:none;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow{border-top:none;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(even),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(9):not(.IPA-common-rightborder),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(11):not(.IPA-common-rightborder){border-right:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(odd),.mw-parser-output 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<a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 10 August 2024, at 19:05 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongeronde_geslote_voorklinker" title="Ongeronde geslote voorklinker – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ongeronde geslote voorklinker" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungerundeter_geschlossener_Vorderzungenvokal" title="Ungerundeter geschlossener Vorderzungenvokal – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ungerundeter geschlossener Vorderzungenvokal" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="صائت أمامي مغلق غير مدور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صائت أمامي مغلق غير مدور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="ТӀасияб цебесеб гургинлъичӀеб рагьараб – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ТӀасияб цебесеб гургинлъичӀеб рагьараб" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="সংবৃত সম্মুখ অকুঞ্চিত স্বরধ্বনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সংবৃত সম্মুখ অকুঞ্চিত স্বরধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AC_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im" title="Pì chêng put oân-tûn bió-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pì chêng put oân-tûn bió-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D1%91%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Неагублены галосны пярэдняга раду верхняга пад’ёму – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неагублены галосны пярэдняга раду верхняга пад’ёму" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Затворена предна незакръглена гласна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Затворена предна незакръглена гласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogalenn_serr_a-raok_plaen" title="Vogalenn serr a-raok plaen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vogalenn serr a-raok plaen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_tancada_anterior_no_arrodonida" title="Vocal tancada anterior no arrodonida – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vocal tancada anterior no arrodonida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zav%C5%99en%C3%A1_p%C5%99edn%C3%AD_nezaokrouhlen%C3%A1_samohl%C3%A1ska" title="Zavřená přední nezaokrouhlená samohláska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zavřená přední nezaokrouhlená samohláska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungerundeter_geschlossener_Vorderzungenvokal" title="Ungerundeter geschlossener Vorderzungenvokal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ungerundeter geschlossener Vorderzungenvokal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cerrada_anterior_no_redondeada" title="Vocal cerrada anterior no redondeada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vocal cerrada anterior no redondeada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitzineko_bokal_itxi_ez_biribildu" title="Aitzineko bokal itxi ez biribildu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aitzineko bokal itxi ez biribildu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyelle_ferm%C3%A9e_ant%C3%A9rieure_non_arrondie" title="Voyelle fermée antérieure non arrondie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voyelle fermée antérieure non arrondie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A4_%EB%B9%84%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EA%B3%A0%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C" title="전설 비원순 고모음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전설 비원순 고모음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_tertutup_depan" title="Vokal takbulat tertutup depan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vokal takbulat tertutup depan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocale_anteriore_chiusa_non_arrotondata" title="Vocale anteriore chiusa non arrotondata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vocale anteriore chiusa non arrotondata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA,_%D7%A1%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94,_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%99-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="תנועה קדמית, סגורה, בלתי-מעוגלת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תנועה קדמית, סגורה, בלתי-מעוגלת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocalis_anterior_artata_non_rotundata" title="Vocalis anterior artata non rotundata – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vocalis anterior artata non rotundata" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toewen_%C3%B3nger%C3%B3nje_veurklinker" title="Toewen óngerónje veurklinker – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Toewen óngerónje veurklinker" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Затворена предна незаоблена самогласка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Затворена предна незаоблена самогласка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal_tak_bundar_depan_sempit" title="Vokal tak bundar depan sempit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vokal tak bundar depan sempit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B" title="အရှေ့အပိတ်အပြန့်သရ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရှေ့အပိတ်အပြန့်သရ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongeronde_gesloten_voorklinker" title="Ongeronde gesloten voorklinker – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ongeronde gesloten voorklinker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%86%86%E5%94%87%E5%89%8D%E8%88%8C%E7%8B%AD%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3" title="非円唇前舌狭母音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="非円唇前舌狭母音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trang_fremre_urunda_vokal" title="Trang fremre urunda vokal – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trang fremre urunda vokal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocala_barrada_anteriora_non_arredondida" title="Vocala barrada anteriora non arredondida – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vocala barrada anteriora non arredondida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samog%C5%82oska_przymkni%C4%99ta_przednia_niezaokr%C4%85glona" title="Samogłoska przymknięta przednia niezaokrąglona – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samogłoska przymknięta przednia niezaokrąglona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogal_anterior_fechada_n%C3%A3o_arredondada" title="Vogal anterior fechada não arredondada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vogal anterior fechada não arredondada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal%C4%83_%C3%AEnchis%C4%83_anterioar%C4%83_nerotunjit%C4%83" title="Vocală închisă anterioară nerotunjită – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vocală închisă anterioară nerotunjită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Неогублённый гласный переднего ряда верхнего подъёма – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неогублённый гласный переднего ряда верхнего подъёма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanorja_e_mbyllur_e_p%C3%ABrparme_e_pabuzor%C3%ABzuar" title="Zanorja e mbyllur e përparme e pabuzorëzuar – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zanorja e mbyllur e përparme e pabuzorëzuar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Close front unrounded vowel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezaokro%C5%BEen_zaprt_prednji_samoglasnik" title="Nezaokrožen zaprt prednji samoglasnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nezaokrožen zaprt prednji samoglasnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Затворен предњи нелабијализован самогласник – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Затворен предњи нелабијализован самогласник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavea_suppea_etuvokaali" title="Lavea suppea etuvokaali – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lavea suppea etuvokaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluten_fr%C3%A4mre_orundad_vokal" title="Sluten främre orundad vokal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sluten främre orundad vokal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மேல் முன் இதழ்விரி உயிர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேல் முன் இதழ்விரி உயிர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81" title="సంవృత తాలవ్య నిర్యోష్ఠ్య అచ్చు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సంవృత తాలవ్య నిర్యోష్ఠ్య అచ్చు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal%C4%B1_%C3%B6n_d%C3%BCz_%C3%BCnl%C3%BC" title="Kapalı ön düz ünlü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kapalı ön düz ünlü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="Неогублений голосний переднього ряду високого підняття – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неогублений голосний переднього ряду високого підняття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voca%C5%82e_anteriore_sarada_no_rodondada" title="Vocałe anteriore sarada no rodondada – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vocałe anteriore sarada no rodondada" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_kh%C3%B4ng_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_%C4%91%C3%B3ng" title="Nguyên âm không tròn môi trước đóng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nguyên âm không tròn môi trước đóng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前不圓唇元音 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="閉前不圓唇元音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前不圓唇元音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="閉前不圓唇元音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 August 2024, at 19:05 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li 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id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-db7lv","wgBackendResponseTime":243,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.370","walltime":"1.580","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16056,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":552676,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":62893,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":156238,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1336.954 1 -total"," 25.83% 345.290 5 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1,\n [\"CITEREFDuanmu2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngstrand1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForschner1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFougeronSmith1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGussenhoven1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGökselKerslake2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJassem2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonesWard1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhanLescot1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLabovSharonBoberg2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandauLončarićaHorgaŠkarić1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeeZee2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaddox2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOkada1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiad2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoach2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersd\u0026#039;Arcangeli2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarlin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSzende1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThackston2006a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThelwall1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTingsabadhAbramson1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrudgill2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerhoeven2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZimmerOrgun1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŠimáčkováPodlipskýChládková2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Angbr IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"Angle bracket\"] = 11,\n [\"Audio-IPA\"] = 10,\n [\"Citation\"] = 39,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Close vowel\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Close Front Unrounded Vowel\"] = 1,\n [\"Front vowel\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 39,\n [\"IPA navigation\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA vowels\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAblink\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 37,\n [\"Phoible\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 42,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 1,\n [\"Unrounded vowel\"] = 1,\n [\"Vowel terminology\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-mp6lj","timestamp":"20241130014426","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script 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