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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> The Role of Traditional Leadership in Rural Development in South Africa: An Analysis of the Dualistic Government System | Journal of Governance Risk Management Compliance and Sustainability </title> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.2.1.4"> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Sakiel Albert Monama"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Ngoako Johannes Mokoele"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-10-31"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2023-10-25"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-10-31"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-10-31"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Rural areas in many developing countries face distinct development challenges that often require a nuanced understanding of local governance structures. In many rural areas, traditional leadership coexists with local government structures as custodians of governance, resulting in what can be termed a dualistic government system. The dualistic government system is evident where traditional leadership operates alongside the modern democratic government structures, which were established in the post-apartheid era to provide effective service delivery. However, in some cases, there have been clashes between local governments and traditional leadership in attempting to provide service delivery in the land still under the custodianship of chieftains, which hindered the effective provision of service in most rural areas. This paper examines the role of traditional leadership in rural development by focusing on the dualistic government system prevalent in chieftain-controlled areas, using the case of Motantanyane Village in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The paper was based on a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) research approach, with a sample of 86 participants who were sampled on the basis of purposive sampling and systematic sampling designs. Semi-structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The findings showed that traditional leadership is a cornerstone of rural development and that their leadership is essential for bringing about constructive change and promoting development within their communities. The paper concluded that despite its flaws, traditional leadership continues to be important and relevant in rural communities today, especially regarding protecting social traditions, customs, and cultural values. The paper recommended that the role of traditional leadership be redefined in legislative frameworks and that it be involved in all facets of rural development decision-making to create more effective and inclusive development that addresses the issues of chieftain-controlled communities."/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="1943"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="1-15"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.31098/jgrcs.v4i2.1943"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/article/view/1943"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2024 Sakiel Albert Monama, Ngoako Johannes Mokoele"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Journal of Governance Risk Management Compliance and Sustainability"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="2776-9658"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="2"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="4"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Collaborative Learning Theory; Dualistic Governance System; Rural Development; Service Delivery; Spatial Development; Traditional Leadership"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="The Role of Traditional Leadership in Rural Development in South Africa: An Analysis of the Dualistic Government System"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Research Articles"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Governance Risk Management Compliance and Sustainability"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="JGRCS"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2776-9658"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sakiel Albert Monama"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="University of Limpopo"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ngoako Johannes Mokoele"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="University of Limpopo"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Role of Traditional Leadership in Rural Development in South Africa: An Analysis of the Dualistic Government System"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024/10/31"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="4"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="15"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.31098/jgrcs.v4i2.1943"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/article/view/1943"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Collaborative Learning Theory; Dualistic Governance System; Rural Development; Service Delivery; Spatial Development; Traditional Leadership"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/article/download/1943/1521"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Bakamana, D. 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class="page_title"> The Role of Traditional Leadership in Rural Development in South Africa: An Analysis of the Dualistic Government System </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="main_entry"> <section class="item authors"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader">Authors</h2> <ul class="authors"> <li> <span class="name"> Sakiel Albert Monama </span> <span class="affiliation"> University of Limpopo, South Africa </span> <span class="orcid"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6536-6044" target="_blank"> https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6536-6044 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Ngoako Johannes Mokoele </span> <span class="affiliation"> University of Limpopo, South Africa </span> <span class="orcid"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-7472" target="_blank"> https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-7472 </a> </span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="item doi"> <h2 class="label"> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square" style="margin: 0 0.25rem 0 0" aria-hidden="true"></i> DOI: </h2> <span class="value"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.31098/jgrcs.v4i2.1943"> https://doi.org/10.31098/jgrcs.v4i2.1943 </a> </span> </section> <section class="item keywords"> <h2 class="label"> Keywords: </h2> <span class="value"> Collaborative Learning Theory; Dualistic Governance System; Rural Development; Service Delivery; Spatial Development; Traditional Leadership </span> </section> <section class="item abstract"> <h2 class="label">Abstract</h2> <p>Rural areas in many developing countries face distinct development challenges that often require a nuanced understanding of local governance structures. In many rural areas, traditional leadership coexists with local government structures as custodians of governance, resulting in what can be termed a dualistic government system. The dualistic government system is evident where traditional leadership operates alongside the modern democratic government structures, which were established in the post-apartheid era to provide effective service delivery. However, in some cases, there have been clashes between local governments and traditional leadership in attempting to provide service delivery in the land still under the custodianship of chieftains, which hindered the effective provision of service in most rural areas. This paper examines the role of traditional leadership in rural development by focusing on the dualistic government system prevalent in chieftain-controlled areas, using the case of Motantanyane Village in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The paper was based on a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) research approach, with a sample of 86 participants who were sampled on the basis of purposive sampling and systematic sampling designs. Semi-structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The findings showed that traditional leadership is a cornerstone of rural development and that their leadership is essential for bringing about constructive change and promoting development within their communities. The paper concluded that despite its flaws, traditional leadership continues to be important and relevant in rural communities today, especially regarding protecting social traditions, customs, and cultural values. The paper recommended that the role of traditional leadership be redefined in legislative frameworks and that it be involved in all facets of rural development decision-making to create more effective and inclusive development that addresses the issues of chieftain-controlled communities.</p> </section> <div class="item downloads_chart"> <h3 class="label"> Downloads </h3> <div class="value"> <canvas class="usageStatsGraph" data-object-type="Submission" data-object-id="1943"></canvas> <div class="usageStatsUnavailable" data-object-type="Submission" data-object-id="1943"> Download data is not yet available. </div> </div> </div>  <a href="https://plu.mx/plum/a/?doi=10.31098/jgrcs.v4i2.1943" class="plumx-details" data-hide-when-empty="false" ></a>  <section class="item author_bios"> <h2 class="label"> Author Biography </h2> <section class="sub_item"> <h3 class="label"> Sakiel Albert Monama, <span class="affiliation">University of Limpopo</span> </h3> <div class="value"> <p>Department of Development Planning and Management, University of Limpopo</p> </div> </section> </section> <section class="item references"> <h2 class="label"> References </h2> <div class="value"> <p>Bakamana, D. B. (2021). Extracting Best Practices from Luba Traditional Leadership Structures and integrating them into Contemporary Political and Social Transformation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(1), 78-96. <a href="http://cedred.org/jais/index.php/issues">http://cedred.org/jais/index.php/issues</a> </p> <p>Baloyi, T. B. (2016). The role of traditional leadership in local government (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Wits School of Governance). <a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188774625.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188774625.pdf</a> </p> <p>Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage. </p> <p>De Kadt, D., & Larreguy, H. A. (2018). Agents of the regime? Traditional leaders and electoral politics in South Africa. The Journal of Politics, 80(2), 382-399. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/694540">https://doi.org/10.1086/694540</a> </p> <p>Drummond, J., & Nel, V. (2021). Mahikeng: Where traditional leadership and development frameworks collide. In South African Urban Change Three Decades After Apartheid: Homes Still Apart? (pp. 197-214). Cham: Springer International Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73073-4_12">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73073-4_12</a> </p> <p>Dubazane, M. & Nel, V. (2016). The relationship of traditional leaders and the municipal council concerning land use management in Nkandla Local Municipality. Indilinga African Journal of Indigenous Knowledge Systems, 15(3), 222-238. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-533a3bd50">https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-533a3bd50</a> </p> <p>Huang, Y. & Ning, C. (2021). Enhancing critical thinking in Chinese students in physical education through collaborative learning and visualization. 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border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #eee; color: white;"><a href="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/openaccesspolicy"><span style="color: #222222;"><strong>Open Access Policy</strong></span></a></p> <p style="padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #eee; color: white;"><a href="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/archivingpolicy"><span style="color: #222222;"><strong>Archiving Policy</strong></span></a></p> <p style="padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #eee; color: white;"><a href="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/publicationethics_statement"><span style="color: #222222;"><strong>Publication Ethics Statement</strong></span></a></p> <p style="padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #eee; color: white;"><a href="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/Allegations_of_misconduct"><span style="color: #222222;"><strong>Allegations of Misconduct</strong></span></a></p> <p style="padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #eee; color: white;"><a href="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/screeningforplagiarism"><span style="color: #222222;"><strong>Screening for Plagiarism</strong></span></a></p> <p style="padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #eee; color: white;"><a href="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/correction_and_retraction"><span style="color: #222222;"><strong>Correction and Retraction</strong></span></a></p> <p style="padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #eee; color: white;"><a href="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/crossmarkpolicy"><span style="color: #222222;"><strong>Crossmark Policy</strong></span></a></p> <p style="padding: 0.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #357C47; color: white;"><span style="color: white;"> <strong>SUBMISSION</strong></span></p> <p style="padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #eee; 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border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #357C47; color: white;"><strong>ARTICLE TEMPLATE</strong></p> <p><a href="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/articletemplate" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="/public/site/images/bbusro/Article_template2.png" alt=""></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_make_submission"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader"> Make a Submission </h2> <div class="content"> <a class="block_make_submission_link" href="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/about/submissions"> Make a Submission </a> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_custom" id="customblock-journal_metric"> <div class="content"> <p style="padding: 0.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #357C47; color: white;"><strong>JOURNAL METRIC</strong></p> <table style="width: 235px; border-radius: 10px; height: 34px;" cellspacing="3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table style="width: 235px; height: 469px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Acceptance Rate :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><strong>52%</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Review Speed :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><strong>10 Weeks</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Issue Per Year :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><strong>2</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Number of Volumes :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;">4</span></strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Number of Issues :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><strong>7</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Number of Articles :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><strong>43</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Number of Reviewers :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><strong>11</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Number of Contributors :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><strong>102</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15.525px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15.525px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Contributing Countries :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15.525px;"><strong>6</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">No.of Scopus Citations:</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><a href="https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/jgrcs/scopus"><strong>4</strong></a></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">No.of Google Citations:</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=vHHhV-oAAAAJ"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>86</strong></span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Google h-index :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"><strong>5</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Google i10-index :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Abstract Views :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 15px;"> <td style="width: 75%; height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: small;">PDF Download :</span></td> <td style="width: 25%; text-align: center; height: 15px;"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>UPDATE: </strong>05 August 2024</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_custom" id="customblock-STATISTICS"> <div class="content"> <p style="padding: 0.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; background: #357C47; color: white;"><span style="color: white;"> <strong>STATISTICS</strong></span></p> <p><a href="http://s05.flagcounter.com/more/136H"><img src="https://s05.flagcounter.com/count2/h4sV/bg_FFFFFF/txt_003366/border_003366/columns_2/maxflags_10/viewers_0/labels_1/pageviews_0/flags_0/percent_0/" alt="Flag Counter" border="0" /></a></p> <p style="padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; 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