CINXE.COM
Document Zbl 1550.62016 - zbMATH Open
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Document Zbl 1550.62016 - zbMATH Open</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, minimum-scale=0.1, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive, noindex"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-lightbox/v0.7.0/bootstrap-lightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-select/v1.13.14/css/bootstrap-select.min.css"> <link href="/static/css/smoothness/jquery-ui-1.10.1.custom.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen"> <link href="/static/styles.css?v=20241024" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/zbMathJax/v0.1.38/zbmathjax.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/zbmath.ico"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "url": "https://zbmath.org/", "logo": "https://zbmath.org/static/zbMATH.png" } </script> </head> <body> <div id="line"></div> <span id="clear" style="cursor: pointer;">×</span> <div id="page"> <div id="head"> <nav id="menu" class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#zbnav" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> <img class="logo" src="/static/zbmath.gif" alt="zbMATH Open logo"> </a> </div> <div id="zbnav" class="collapse navbar-collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav pages"> <li class="about"> <a href="/about/">About</a> </li> <li class="frequently-asked-questions"> <a href="/frequently-asked-questions/">FAQ</a> </li> <li class="general-help"> <a href="/general-help/">General Help</a> </li> <li class="reviewer-service"> <a href="https://zbmath.org/reviewer-service/" target="_self" >Reviewer Service</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools-and-resources/">Tools & Resources</a> </li> <li class="contact"> <a href="/contact/">Contact</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right prefs"> <li class="preferences dropdown"> <a data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Preferences <i class="caret"></i></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu preferences"> <li> <form id="preferences" class="navbar-form" method="post" action="/preferences/" onsubmit="return confirm('This website uses cookies for the purposes of storing preference information on your device. Do you agree to this?\n\nPlease refer to our Privacy Policy to learn more about our use of cookies.')" > <input type="hidden" name="path" value="/1550.62016?"> <span class=""> <label class="title">Search Form</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="search-multi-line" type="radio" name="search" value="multi-line" checked> <label for="search-multi-line" class="radio">Multi-Line Search (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="search-one-line" type="radio" name="search" value="one-line"> <label for="search-one-line" class="radio">One-Line Search</label> </div> </span> <span class="count"> <label class="title">Hits per Page</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-10" type="radio" name="count" value="10"> <label for="count-10" class="radio">10</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-20" type="radio" name="count" value="20"> <label for="count-20" class="radio">20</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-50" type="radio" name="count" value="50"> <label for="count-50" class="radio">50</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-100" type="radio" name="count" value="100" checked> <label for="count-100" class="radio">100 (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-200" type="radio" name="count" value="200"> <label for="count-200" class="radio">200</label> </div> </span> <span class="format"> <label class="title">Display Format</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="format-mathjax" type="radio" name="format" value="mathjax" checked> <label for="format-mathjax" class="radio">MathJax (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="format-amstex" type="radio" name="format" value="latex"> <label for="format-amstex" class="radio">LaTeX</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Documents Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-default" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="date" checked> <label for="documents-ranking-default" class="radio">Newest first (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-references" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="references"> <label for="documents-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-relevance" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="relevance"> <label for="documents-ranking-relevance" class="radio">Relevance</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Authors Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="authors-ranking-default" type="radio" name="authors_ranking" value="alpha" checked> <label for="authors-ranking-default" class="radio">Alphabetically (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="authors-ranking-references" type="radio" name="authors_ranking" value="references"> <label for="authors-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Serials Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="serials-ranking-default" type="radio" name="serials_ranking" value="alpha" checked> <label for="serials-ranking-default" class="radio">Alphabetically (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="serials-ranking-references" type="radio" name="serials_ranking" value="references"> <label for="serials-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Software Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="software-ranking-default" type="radio" name="software_ranking" value="references" checked> <label for="software-ranking-default" class="radio">Citations (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="software-ranking-alpha" type="radio" name="software_ranking" value="alpha"> <label for="software-ranking-alpha" class="radio">Alphabetically</label> </div> </span> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">OK</button> <div class="clearfix"> </form> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="tabs"> <h1 class="logo"> <a class="logo" href="/"> <img class="logo" src="/static/zbmath.gif" alt="zbMATH Open — the first resource for mathematics" > </a> </h1> <nav> <ul class="nav nav-tabs"> <li class="tab-documents active"> <a href="/">Documents</a> </li> <li class="tab-authors"> <a href="/authors/">Authors</a> </li> <li class="tab-serials"> <a href="/serials/">Serials</a> </li> <li class="tab-software"> <a href="/software/">Software</a> </li> <li class="tab-classification"> <a href="/classification/">Classification</a> </li> <li class="tab-formulae"> <a href="/formulae/">Formulæ</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="content-fixed"> <div class="content-formular"> <div style="display: none;"> <div class="row ml-0"id="multi-line-new-line" style="display: none;"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-0-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any" selected>Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-0-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input"> <span class="multi-line-value" id="multi-line-type-range"><span style="padding-left: 5px;">from</span> <input name="ml-0-v1" class="form-control multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"> until <input name="ml-0-v2" class="form-control multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"></span> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-la" placeholder="use name or ISO code"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-rv" placeholder="enter name or zbMATH reviewer number"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-an" placeholder="Zbl, JFM or ERAM number"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-en" placeholder="e.g. DOI, ISBN, arXiv ID"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-sw" placeholder="use * to find all documents using software"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-br" placeholder="find documents about the life or work of a person"> <span class="multi-line-value" id="multi-line-type-multiselect-db"> <select class="multi-line-selectpicker" data-width="100%" multiple> <option value="zbl">Zbl</option> <option value="arxiv">arXiv</option> <option value="jfm">JFM</option> <option value="eram">ERAM</option> </select> <input type="hidden" class="multi-line-input" name="ml-0-v" value=""> </span> </div> <form name="documents" method="GET" action="/" autocomplete="off"> <div class="documents multi-line" style="display: none;"> <div class="forms"> <ul class="nav forms"> <li class="one-line"> <span tabindex="0" class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign" title="One-Line Search allows for free logical combinations of search fields" aria-label="One-Line Search allows for free logical combinations of search fields" data-placement="bottom"></span> <a style="display: inline-block;" href="#">One-Line Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="container-fluid"> <input type="hidden" id="multi-line-ml" name="ml" value="3"> <div id="multi-line-row-wrapper"> <div class="row ml-1"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-1-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any" selected>Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-1-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-1-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <div class="row ml-2"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-2-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any">Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au" selected>Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-2-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-2-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <div class="row ml-3"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-3-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any">Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti" selected>Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-3-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><div id="multi-line-plus"> <a href="#"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus" aria-hidden="true"></span> add line</a> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline"> <div class="form-group field checkboxes-wrapper" id="checkboxes-wrapper-test" style="visibility: hidden; position: fixed;"> <label>Document Type:</label> <div class="checkboxes"> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Articles in Journals"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="j" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Journal Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Articles in Conference Proceedings and Collected Volumes"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="a" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Collection Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Monographs, Proceedings, Dissertations etc."> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="b" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Books </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for arXiv Preprints"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="p" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> arXiv Preprints </label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-group field checkboxes-wrapper" id="checkboxes-wrapper-real"> <label>Document Type:</label> <div class="checkboxes"> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-j" title="search for Articles in Journals"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-j" name="dt" class="form-control" value="j" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Journal Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-a" title="search for Articles in Conference Proceedings and Collected Volumes"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-a" name="dt" class="form-control" value="a" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Collection Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-b" title="search for Monographs, Proceedings, Dissertations etc."> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-b" name="dt" class="form-control" value="b" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Books </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-p" title="search for arXiv Preprints"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-p" name="dt" class="form-control" value="p" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> arXiv Preprints </label> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 buttons"> <a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-default clear-all">Reset all <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove"></span></a> <div class="submit"> <button class="btn btn-default search" type="submit">Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </form> <form class="form-inline" name="documents" method="GET" action="/"> <div class="documents one-line" style="display: block;"> <div class="forms"> <ul class="nav forms"> <li class="multi-line"><a href="#">New Multi-Line Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="search-row" class="input-group box"> <span> <div id="search-field"> <input class="query form-control" type="text" name="q" value="an:1550.62016" aria-label="Search for documents" placeholder="Search for documents" autocomplete="off"> </div> <div class="search-buttons input-group-btn"> <div class="btn-group"> <button class="btn btn-default search" type="submit"><span class="virtual">Search</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search" style="top: 2px;"></span></button> </div> </div> </span> <span> <div class="search-buttons input-group-btn"> <div class="btn-group"> <div class="btn-group fields"> <button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Fields <i class="caret"></i></button> <ul id="fields" class="dropdown-menu pull-right"> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">any:</span><span> </span>anywhere (default)</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ab:</span><span> </span>review text</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">an:</span><span> </span>zbmath id</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">any:</span><span> </span>anywhere</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">au:</span><span> </span>contributor name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">br:</span><span> </span>biographic reference name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">cc:</span><span> </span>msc title</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">dt:</span><span> </span>document type</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">doi:</span><span> </span>doi</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">en:</span><span> </span>external id</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">la:</span><span> </span>language</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">pu:</span><span> </span>publisher</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">py:</span><span> </span>year</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">rv:</span><span> </span>reviewer name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">so:</span><span> </span>source</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">sw:</span><span> </span>software name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ti:</span><span> </span>title</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ut:</span><span> </span>keyword</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="btn-group operators"> <button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Operators <i class="caret"></i></button> <ul id="operators" class="dropdown-menu pull-right"> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">a <span class="item">&</span> b </span><span> </span>logical and (default)</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">a <span class="item">|</span> b </span><span> </span>logical or</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">!</span>ab </span><span> </span>logical not</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">abc<span class="item">*</span> </span><span> </span>right wildcard</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">"</span>ab c<span class="item">"</span></span><span> </span>phrase</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">(</span>ab c<span class="item">)</span></span><span> </span>parentheses</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="special"> <ul class="nav help-button"> <li class="dropdown pull-right"> <a href="#">Help <i class="caret"></i></a> </li> </ul> </div> </span> </div> <div class="help"><h2>Examples</h2> <div id="help-terms" role="table"> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Geometry">Geometry</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell" role="cell">Search for the term <em>Geometry</em> in <strong>any</strong> field. Queries are <strong>case-independent</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Funct%2A">Funct*</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell"><strong>Wildcard</strong> queries are specified by <strong><u>*</u></strong> (e.g. <em>functions</em>, <em>functorial</em>, etc.). Otherwise the search is <strong>exact</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=%22Topological+group%22">"Topological group"</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell"><strong>Phrases</strong> (multi-words) should be set in <u>"</u>straight quotation marks<u>"</u>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=au%3A+Bourbaki+%26+ti%3A+Algebra">au: Bourbaki & ti: Algebra</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Search for <strong><u>au</u>thor</strong> and <strong><u>ti</u>tle</strong>. The <strong>and-operator &</strong> is default and can be omitted.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Chebyshev+%7C+Tschebyscheff">Chebyshev | Tschebyscheff</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong>or-operator |</strong> allows to search for <em>Chebyshev</em> or <em>Tschebyscheff</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Quasi%2A+map%2A+py%3A+1989">Quasi* map* py: 1989</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The resulting documents have <strong><u>p</u>ublication <u>y</u>ear</strong> <em>1989</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=so%3A+Eur%2A+J%2A+Mat%2A+Soc%2A+cc%3A+14">so: Eur* J* Mat* Soc* cc: 14</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Search for publications in a particular <strong><u>so</u>urce</strong> with a <strong>Mathematics Subject <u>C</u>lassification <u>c</u>ode (<u>cc</u>)</strong> in <em>14</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=%22Partial+diff%2A+eq%2A%22+%21+elliptic">"Partial diff* eq*" ! elliptic</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong>not</strong>-operator <strong>!</strong> eliminates all results containing the word <em>elliptic</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=dt%3A+b+%26+au%3A+Hilbert">dt: b & au: Hilbert</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong><u>d</u>ocument <u>t</u>ype</strong> is set to books; alternatively: <u>j</u> for <strong>journal articles</strong>, <u>a</u> for <strong>book articles</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=py%3A+2000-2015+cc%3A+%2894A+%7C+11T%29">py: 2000-2015 cc: (94A | 11T)</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Number <strong>ranges</strong> are accepted. Terms can be grouped within <strong><u>(</u>parentheses<u>)</u></strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=la%3A+chinese">la: chinese</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Find documents in a given <strong><u>la</u>nguage</strong>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1">ISO 639-1</a> language codes can also be used.</span> </div> </div> <div id="help-fields"> <h2>Fields</h2> <table> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>any</strong></td> <td class="padding">anywhere</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>an</strong></td> <td class="padding">internal document identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>au</strong></td> <td class="padding">author, editor</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ai</strong></td> <td class="padding">internal author identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ti</strong></td> <td class="padding">title</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>la</strong></td> <td class="padding">language</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>so</strong></td> <td class="padding">source</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ab</strong></td> <td class="padding">review, abstract</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>py</strong></td> <td class="padding">publication year</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>rv</strong></td> <td class="padding">reviewer</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>cc</strong></td> <td class="padding">MSC code</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ut</strong></td> <td class="padding">uncontrolled term</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>dt</strong></td> <td class="padding" colspan="4">document type (<strong>j</strong>: journal article; <strong>b</strong>: book; <strong>a</strong>: book article)</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="help-operators"> <h2>Operators</h2> <table> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">a <strong>&</strong> b</td> <td class="padding">logic and</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">a <strong>|</strong> b</td> <td class="padding">logic or</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>!</strong>ab</td> <td class="padding">logic not</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">abc<strong>*</strong></td> <td class="padding">right wildcard</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>"</strong>ab c<strong>"</strong></td> <td class="padding">phrase</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>(</strong>ab c<strong>)</strong></td> <td class="padding">parentheses</td> </tr> </table> </div> <p> See also our <a href="/general-help/">General Help</a>. </p></div> </div> </form> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="content-shadow"></div> </div> </div> <div id="body"> <div id="main"> <div class="messages"> </div> <div id="documents"> <div class="content-main"> <div class="content-item"><div class="item"> <article> <div class="author"><a href="/authors/wang.kangning" title="Author Profile">Wang, Kangning</a>; <a href="/authors/liu.jin" title="Author Profile">Liu, Jin</a>; <a href="/authors/sun.xiaofei" title="Author Profile">Sun, Xiaofei</a></div> <h2 class="title"> <strong>Support vector machine in big data: smoothing strategy and adaptive distributed inference.</strong> <i>(English)</i> <a class="label nowrap" href="/1550.62016">Zbl 1550.62016</a> </h2> <div class="source"> <a href="/serials/7318" title="Journal Profile">Stat. Comput.</a> <a href="/?q=in%3A520975" title="Articles in this Issue">34, No. 6, Paper No. 188, 19 p. (2024)</a>. </div> <div class="abstract">Summary: Support vector machine (SVM) is a powerful binary classification tool, but the growing size of modern data is bringing challenges to it. First, the non-smoothness of hinge loss poses difficulties in large-scale computation. Second, the existing large-scale distributed algorithms heavily rely on uniformity and randomness conditions, which are frequently violated in practice. To solve these issues, we first construct a convolution smoothing SVM, which enjoys a smooth and convex objective function. Then a distributed SVM is developed, in which the estimator can be calculated conveniently by minimizing a pilot sample-based distributed surrogate loss. In particular, it can be adaptive when the uniformity or randomness condition is violated. The established theoretical results and numerical experiments on both synthetic and real data all confirm the proposed methods.</div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="classification"> <h3>MSC:</h3> <table><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A62-08" title="MSC2020">62-08</a> </td> <td class="space"> Computational methods for problems pertaining to statistics </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A62H30" title="MSC2020">62H30</a> </td> <td class="space"> Classification and discrimination; cluster analysis (statistical aspects) </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A62R07" title="MSC2020">62R07</a> </td> <td class="space"> Statistical aspects of big data and data science </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A68T05" title="MSC2020">68T05</a> </td> <td class="space"> Learning and adaptive systems in artificial intelligence </td> </tr></table> </div><div class="keywords"> <h3>Keywords:</h3><a href="/?q=ut%3Alinear+support+vector+machine">linear support vector machine</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Aconvolution+smoothing">convolution smoothing</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3ABahadur+representation">Bahadur representation</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Adistributed+algorithm">distributed algorithm</a></div> <div class="software"> <h3>Software:</h3><a href="/software/4880">LIBLINEAR</a>; <a href="/software/12678">SSVM</a></div> <!-- Modal used to show zbmath metadata in different output formats--> <div class="modal fade" id="metadataModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Cite</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="select-output" class="control-label">Format</label> <select id="select-output" class="form-control" aria-label="Select Metadata format"></select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="metadataText" class="control-label">Result</label> <textarea class="form-control" id="metadataText" rows="10" style="min-width: 100%;max-width: 100%"></textarea> </div> <div id="metadata-alert" class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" style="display: none;"> <!-- alert for connection errors etc --> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="copyMetadata()">Copy to clipboard</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="functions clearfix"> <div class="function"> <!-- Button trigger metadata modal --> <a type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs pdf" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#metadataModal" data-itemtype="Zbl" data-itemname="Zbl 1550.62016" data-ciurl="/ci/07949293" data-biburl="/bibtex/07949293.bib" data-amsurl="/amsrefs/07949293.bib" data-xmlurl="/xml/07949293.xml" > Cite </a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs pdf" data-container="body" type="button" href="/pdf/07949293.pdf" title="Zbl 1550.62016 as PDF">Review PDF</a> </div> <div class="fulltexts"> <span class="fulltext">Full Text:</span> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs" type="button" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-024-10506-5" aria-label="DOI for “Support vector machine in big data: smoothing strategy and adaptive distributed inference”" title="10.1007/s11222-024-10506-5">DOI</a> </div> <div class="sfx" style="float: right;"> </div> </div> <div class="references"> <h3>References:</h3> <table><tr> <td>[1]</td> <td class="space">Blanchard, G.; Bousquet, O.; Massart, P., Statistical performance of support vector machines, Ann. Stat., 36, 489-531, 2008 · <a href="/1133.62044" class="nowrap">Zbl 1133.62044</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/009053607000000839" class="nowrap">doi:10.1214/009053607000000839</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[2]</td> <td class="space">Battey, H.; Fan, J.; Liu, H.; Lu, J.; Zhu, Z., Distributed testing and estimation under sparse high dimensional models, Ann. Stat., 46, 1352-1382, 2018 · <a href="/1392.62060" class="nowrap">Zbl 1392.62060</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/17-AOS1587" class="nowrap">doi:10.1214/17-AOS1587</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[3]</td> <td class="space">Chang, K.; Hsieh, C.; Lin, C., Coordinate descent method for large scale \(l_2\)-loss linear support vector machines, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 9, 1369-1398, 2008 · <a href="/1225.68157" class="nowrap">Zbl 1225.68157</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[4]</td> <td class="space">Chen, L.; Zhou, Y., Quantile regression in big data: a divide and conquer based strategy, Comput. Stat. Data Anal., 144, 2020 · <a href="/1504.62048" class="nowrap">Zbl 1504.62048</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2019.106892" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.csda.2019.106892</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[5]</td> <td class="space">Chen, X.; Liu, W.; Zhang, Y., Quantile regression under memory constraint, Ann. Stat., 47, 3244-3273, 2019 · <a href="/1436.62134" class="nowrap">Zbl 1436.62134</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/18-AOS1777" class="nowrap">doi:10.1214/18-AOS1777</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[6]</td> <td class="space">Chen, X.; Xie, M., A split-and-conquer approach for analysis of extraordinarily large data, Stat. Sin., 24, 1655-1684, 2014 · <a href="/1480.62258" class="nowrap">Zbl 1480.62258</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[7]</td> <td class="space">Chen, B.; Harker, P., Smooth approximations to nonlinear complementarity problems, SIAM J. Optimiz., 7, 403-420, 1997 · <a href="/0879.90177" class="nowrap">Zbl 0879.90177</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/S1052623495280615" class="nowrap">doi:10.1137/S1052623495280615</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[8]</td> <td class="space">Chen, C.; Mangasarian, O., Smoothing methods for convex inequalities and linear complementarity problems, Math. Program., 71, 51-69, 1995 · <a href="/0855.90124" class="nowrap">Zbl 0855.90124</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01592244" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/BF01592244</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[9]</td> <td class="space">Chen, X.; Ye, Y., On homotopy-smoothing methods for variational inequalities, SIAM J. Control. Optim., 37, 589-616, 1999 · <a href="/0973.65051" class="nowrap">Zbl 0973.65051</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/S0363012997315907" class="nowrap">doi:10.1137/S0363012997315907</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[10]</td> <td class="space">Cortes, C.; Vapnik, V., Support-vector networks, Mach. Learn., 20, 273-297, 1995 · <a href="/0831.68098" class="nowrap">Zbl 0831.68098</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00994018" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/BF00994018</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[11]</td> <td class="space">Cervantes, J.; Garcia-Lamont, F.; Rodriguez-Mazahua, L.; Lopez, A., A comprehensive survey on support vector machine classification: applications, challenges and trends, Neurocomputing, 408, 189-215, 2020 · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.10.118" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2019.10.118</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[12]</td> <td class="space">Fan, J., Guo, Y., Wang, K.: Communication-efficient accurate statistical estimation, (2019). arXiv: 1906.04870</td> </tr><tr> <td>[13]</td> <td class="space">Fan, J., Wang, D., Wang, K., Zhu, Z.: Distributed estimation of principal eigenspaces, (2017). arXiv: 1702.06488</td> </tr><tr> <td>[14]</td> <td class="space">Fan, R.; Chang, K.; Hsieh, C.; Wang, X.; Lin, C., LIBLINEAR: a library for large linear classification, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 9, 1871-1874, 2008 · <a href="/1225.68175" class="nowrap">Zbl 1225.68175</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[15]</td> <td class="space">Gopal, S., Yang, Y.: Distributed training of large-scale logistic models. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, 289-297 (2013)</td> </tr><tr> <td>[16]</td> <td class="space">Horowitz, J., Bootstrap methods for median regression models, Econometrica, 66, 1327-1351, 1998 · <a href="/1056.62517" class="nowrap">Zbl 1056.62517</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2999619" class="nowrap">doi:10.2307/2999619</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[17]</td> <td class="space">Huang, C.; Huo, X., A distributed one-step estimator, Math. Program., 174, 41-76, 2019 · <a href="/1416.62151" class="nowrap">Zbl 1416.62151</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-019-01369-0" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/s10107-019-01369-0</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[18]</td> <td class="space">Jordan, MI; Lee, JD; Yang, Y., Communication-efficient distributed statistical inference, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 14, 668-681, 2019 · <a href="/1420.62097" class="nowrap">Zbl 1420.62097</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2018.1429274" class="nowrap">doi:10.1080/01621459.2018.1429274</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[19]</td> <td class="space">Koo, J.; Lee, Y.; Kim, Y.; Park, C., A bahadur representation of the linear support vector machine, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 9, 1343-1368, 2008 · <a href="/1225.68191" class="nowrap">Zbl 1225.68191</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[20]</td> <td class="space">Koenker, R.; Bassett, G., Regression quantiles, Econometrica, 46, 33-50, 1978 · <a href="/0373.62038" class="nowrap">Zbl 0373.62038</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1913643" class="nowrap">doi:10.2307/1913643</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[21]</td> <td class="space">Koenker, R., Quantile regression, 2005, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge · <a href="/1111.62037" class="nowrap">Zbl 1111.62037</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754098" class="nowrap">doi:10.1017/CBO9780511754098</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[22]</td> <td class="space">Lee, Y.; Mangasarian, O., SSVM: a smooth support vector machine for classification, Comput. Optim. Appl., 20, 5-22, 2001 · <a href="/1017.90105" class="nowrap">Zbl 1017.90105</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011215321374" class="nowrap">doi:10.1023/A:1011215321374</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[23]</td> <td class="space">Lepski, O.; Mammen, E.; Spokoiny, V., Optimal spatial adaptation to inhomogeneous smoothness: an approach based on kernel estimates with variable bandwidth selectors, Ann. Stat., 25, 929-947, 1997 · <a href="/0885.62044" class="nowrap">Zbl 0885.62044</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1069362731" class="nowrap">doi:10.1214/aos/1069362731</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[24]</td> <td class="space">Lian, H.; Fan, Z., Divide-and-conquer for debiased l1-norm support vector machine in ultra-high dimensions, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 18, 6691-6716, 2017 · <a href="/1468.68158" class="nowrap">Zbl 1468.68158</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[25]</td> <td class="space">Liu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Park, C.; Ahn, J., Support vector machines with adaptive \(l_q\) penalty, Comput. Stat. Data Anal., 51, 6380-6394, 2007 · <a href="/1446.62179" class="nowrap">Zbl 1446.62179</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2007.02.006" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.csda.2007.02.006</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[26]</td> <td class="space">Luo, L.; Song, P., Renewable estimation and incremental inference in generalized linear models with streaming data sets, J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B, 82, 69-97, 2020 · <a href="/1440.62288" class="nowrap">Zbl 1440.62288</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/rssb.12352" class="nowrap">doi:10.1111/rssb.12352</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[27]</td> <td class="space">Nemirovski, A.; Yudin, D., Problem complexity and method efficiency in optimization, 1983, New York: Wiley, New York · <a href="/0501.90062" class="nowrap">Zbl 0501.90062</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[28]</td> <td class="space">Peng, B.; Wang, L.; Wu, Y., An error bound for \(l_1\)-norm support vector machine coefficients in ultra-high dimension, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 17, 1-26, 2016 · <a href="/1433.68374" class="nowrap">Zbl 1433.68374</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[29]</td> <td class="space">Pan, R.; Ren, T.; Guo, B.; Li, F.; Li, G.; Wang, H., A note on distributed quantile regression by pilot sampling and one-step updating, J. Bus. Econ. Stat., 40, 1691-1700, 2022 · <a href="/1547.62873" class="nowrap">Zbl 1547.62873</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2021.1961789" class="nowrap">doi:10.1080/07350015.2021.1961789</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[30]</td> <td class="space">Park, C.; Kim, K.; Myung, R.; Koo, J., Oracle properties of scad-penalized support vector machine, J. Stat. Plan. Inference, 142, 2257-2270, 2012 · <a href="/1244.62093" class="nowrap">Zbl 1244.62093</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2012.03.002" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.jspi.2012.03.002</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[31]</td> <td class="space">Scovel, J.; Steinwart, I., Fast rates for support vector machines using gaussian kernels, Ann. Stat., 35, 575-607, 2007 · <a href="/1127.68091" class="nowrap">Zbl 1127.68091</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[32]</td> <td class="space">Shalev-Shwartz, S.; Zhang, T., Stochastic dual coordinate ascent methods for regularized loss, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 14, 567-599, 2013 · <a href="/1307.68073" class="nowrap">Zbl 1307.68073</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[33]</td> <td class="space">Shalev-Shwartz, S.; Zhang, T., Accelerated proximal stochastic dual coordinate ascent for regularized loss minimization, Math. Program., 155, 105-145, 2016 · <a href="/1342.90103" class="nowrap">Zbl 1342.90103</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-014-0839-0" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/s10107-014-0839-0</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[34]</td> <td class="space">Shamir, O.; Srebro, N.; Zhang, T., Communication-efficient distributed optimization using an approximate newton-type method, Int Conf. Mach. Learn., 32, 1000-1008, 2014</td> </tr><tr> <td>[35]</td> <td class="space">Steinwart, I., Consistency of support vector machines and other regularized kernel machines, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 51, 128-142, 2005 · <a href="/1304.62090" class="nowrap">Zbl 1304.62090</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2004.839514" class="nowrap">doi:10.1109/TIT.2004.839514</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[36]</td> <td class="space">Sun, G., Wang, X., Yan, Y., Zhang, R.: Statistical inference and distributed implementation for linear multi-category SVM. Stat 12, e611 (2023) · <a href="/07858735" class="nowrap">Zbl 07858735</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[37]</td> <td class="space">Vapnik, V., The nature of statistical learning theory, 1996, New York: Springer, New York</td> </tr><tr> <td>[38]</td> <td class="space">Wang, X.; Yang, Z.; Chen, X.; Liu, W., Distributed inference for linear support vector machine, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 20, 1-41, 2019 · <a href="/1434.68468" class="nowrap">Zbl 1434.68468</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[39]</td> <td class="space">Wang, F.; Zhu, Y.; Huang, D.; Qi, H.; Wang, H., Distributed one-step upgraded estimation for non-uniformly and non-randomly distributed data, Comput. Stat. Data Anal., 162, 2021 · <a href="/1543.62287" class="nowrap">Zbl 1543.62287</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2021.107265" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.csda.2021.107265</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[40]</td> <td class="space">Wang, K.; Li, S., Distributed statistical optimization for non-randomly stored big data with application to penalized learning, Stat. Comput., 33, 73, 2023 · <a href="/1516.62030" class="nowrap">Zbl 1516.62030</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-023-10247-x" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/s11222-023-10247-x</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[41]</td> <td class="space">Wang, K.; Wang, H.; Li, S., Renewable quantile regression for streaming datasets, Knowl.-Based Syst., 235, 2022 · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107675" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107675</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[42]</td> <td class="space">Wang, G.; Zhang, G.; Choi, K.; Lam, K.; Lu, J., Output based transfer learning with least squares support vector machine and its application in bladder cancer prognosis, Neurocomputing, 387, 279-292, 2020 · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.11.010" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2019.11.010</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[43]</td> <td class="space">Wang, K.; Yang, J.; Polat, K.; Alhudhaif, A.; Sun, X., Convolution smoothing and non-convex regularization for support vector machine in high dimensions, Appl. Soft Comput., 155, 2024 · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2024.111433" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2024.111433</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[44]</td> <td class="space">Zhang, T., Statistical behavior and consistency of classification methods based on convex risk minimization, Ann. Stat., 32, 56-84, 2004 · <a href="/1105.62323" class="nowrap">Zbl 1105.62323</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1079120130" class="nowrap">doi:10.1214/aos/1079120130</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[45]</td> <td class="space">Zhang, Y.; Duchi, J.; Wainwright, M., Divide and conquer kernel ridge regression: a distributed algorithm with minimax optimal rates, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 16, 3299-3340, 2015 · <a href="/1351.62142" class="nowrap">Zbl 1351.62142</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[46]</td> <td class="space">Zhang, X.; Wu, Y.; Wang, L.; Li, R., Variable selection for support vector machine in moderately high dimensions, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B, 78, 53-76, 2016 · <a href="/1411.62176" class="nowrap">Zbl 1411.62176</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/rssb.12100" class="nowrap">doi:10.1111/rssb.12100</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[47]</td> <td class="space">Zhu, X., Li, F., Wang, H.: Least squares approximation for a distributed system, (2019). arXiv preprint arXiv: 1908.04904</td> </tr><tr> <td>[48]</td> <td class="space">Zhao, T.; Cheng, G.; Liu, H., A partially linear framework for massive heterogeneous data, Ann. Stat., 44, 1400-1437, 2016 · <a href="/1358.62050" class="nowrap">Zbl 1358.62050</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/15-AOS1410" class="nowrap">doi:10.1214/15-AOS1410</a></td> </tr></table> <div class="reference_disclaimer"> This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching. </div> </div></article> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div id="foot"><div class="copyright"> © 2025 <a target="fiz" href="https://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/en">FIZ Karlsruhe GmbH</a> <a href="/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a> <a href="/legal-notices/">Legal Notices</a> <a href="/terms-conditions/">Terms & Conditions</a> <div class="info"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="mastodon"> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/@zbMATH" target="_blank" class="no-new-tab-icon"> <img src="/static/mastodon.png" title="zbMATH at Mathstodon (opens in new tab)" alt="Mastodon logo"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix" style="height: 0px;"></div> </div> </div> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/jquery-caret/1.5.2/jquery.caret.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/jquery-ui-1.10.1.custom.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7zb1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-lightbox/v0.7.0/bootstrap-lightbox.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/retina/unknown/retina.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-select/v1.13.14/js/bootstrap-select.min.js"></script> <script> var SCRIPT_ROOT = ""; </script> <script src="/static/scripts.js?v=20240926"> </script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ "HTML-CSS": { preferredFont: "TeX", availableFonts: [ "STIX", "TeX" ], linebreaks: { automatic: true }, EqnChunk: (MathJax.Hub.Browser.isMobile ? 10 : 50) }, tex2jax: { processEscapes: true, ignoreClass: "tex2jax_ignore|dno" }, TeX: { Macros: { Aut: "\\operatorname{Aut}", Hom: "\\operatorname{Hom}" }, noUndefined: { attributes: { mathcolor: "#039", //"red", mathbackground: "white", //"#FFEEEE", mathsize: "90%" } } }, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#MathInput").stop(true, true).keyup(function() { $.ajax({ url: "/mwsq/", type: "POST", data: { query : $("#MathInput").val() }, dataType: "text" }) .done(function(xml) { $("#MathPreview").html(xml); $(window).resize(); }); }); var press = jQuery.Event("keyup"); press.ctrlKey = false; press.which = 40; $("#MathInput").trigger(press); }); </script> <div id="new_tab_icon" style="display: none"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-new-window" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">(opens in new tab)</span></div> </body> </html>