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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prehistory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-Angkorian,_Angkorian,_and_Post-Angkor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Angkorian,_Angkorian,_and_Post-Angkor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Pre-Angkorian, Angkorian, and Post-Angkor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Angkorian,_Angkorian,_and_Post-Angkor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_colonisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_colonisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 French colonisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_colonisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_(1953–1970)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_(1953–1970)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Kingdom (1953–1970) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_(1953–1970)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khmer_Republic_(1970–1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khmer_Republic_(1970–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Khmer Republic (1970–1975) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khmer_Republic_(1970–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khmer_Rouge_regime_(1975–1978)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khmer_Rouge_regime_(1975–1978)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1978) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khmer_Rouge_regime_(1975–1978)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnamese_occupation_and_transition_(1978–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnamese_occupation_and_transition_(1978–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Vietnamese occupation and transition (1978–1992) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnamese_occupation_and_transition_(1978–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_(1993–)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_(1993–)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Kingdom (1993–) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_(1993–)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Biodiversity and conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Political culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Corruption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_profession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_profession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Legal profession </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_profession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Textiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Textiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Science and technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Ethnic groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Largest_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Largest cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Dance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_sources_and_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_sources_and_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Cited sources and further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_sources_and_further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Cambodia</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 257 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-257" aria-hidden="true" > 257 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D" title="Камбоджэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Камбоджэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D" title="Камбоджэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Камбоджэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodscha" title="Kambodscha – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kambodscha" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A6%E1%8B%B2%E1%8B%AB" title="ካምቦዲያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካምቦዲያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कंबोडिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कंबोडिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%9F%D0%B0" title="Камбоџа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Камбоџа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كمبوديا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كمبوديا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambocha" title="Cambocha – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cambocha" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambogia" title="Cambogia – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cambogia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodjo" title="Cambodjo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cambodjo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="কম্বোডিয়া – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কম্বোডিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboya" title="Camboya – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Camboya" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कम्बोडिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कम्बोडिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamb%C3%B3ja" title="Kambója – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kambója" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboca" title="Kamboca – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kamboca" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AC" title="کامبوج – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کامبوج" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="কম্বোডিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কম্বোডিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampuca" title="Kampuca – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kampuca" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1n-po%CD%98-ch%C4%93" title="Kán-po͘-chē – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kán-po͘-chē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कंबोडिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कंबोडिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodya" title="Kambodya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kambodya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodia" title="Kambodia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kambodia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodscha" title="Kambodscha – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kambodscha" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁམ་པོ་ཛ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁམ་པོ་ཛ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Кампучи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Кампучи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cambodja" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodiya" title="Kambodiya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kambodiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboya" title="Camboya – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Camboya" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodhiya" title="Kambodhiya – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kambodhiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campucci%C3%A0" title="Campuccià – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Campuccià" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cambodja" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="كامبودج – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كامبودج" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodscha" title="Kambodscha – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kambodscha" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%AF%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7" title="ކެންބޯޑިއާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކެންބޯޑިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%A1di%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1hj%C3%AD_Bin%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1daa%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Doot%C5%82%CA%BCizh%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Shádiʼááhjí Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Shádiʼááhjí Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कम्बोडिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कम्बोडिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B" title="ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B7" title="Καμπότζη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καμπότζη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboya" title="Camboya – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Camboya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambo%C4%9Do" title="Kamboĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kamboĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboya" title="Camboya – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Camboya" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbodia" title="Kanbodia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kanbodia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AC" title="کامبوج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کامبوج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodge" title="Cambodge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cambodge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboodiyya" title="Kamboodiyya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kamboodiyya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chamb%C3%B3id" title="An Chambóid – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chambóid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chamboyd" title="Yn Chamboyd – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chamboyd" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboca" title="Kamboca – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kamboca" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambuidea" title="Cambuidea – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cambuidea" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboxa" title="Camboxa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Camboxa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="柬埔寨" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="કમ્બોડિયા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કમ્બોડિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌳𐌹 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌳𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कंबोडिया – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कंबोडिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampuchea" title="Kampuchea – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kampuchea" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84" title="캄보디아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캄보디아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodiya" title="Kambodiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kambodiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamabodia" title="Kamabodia – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kamabodia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%BB%D5%A1" title="Կամբոջա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կամբոջա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कम्बोडिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कम्बोडिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BAa" title="Kambodźa – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kambodźa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="কম্বোডিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কম্বোডিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cambodja" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cambodja" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaputia" title="Kaaputia – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Kaaputia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%C3%A6" title="Камбоджæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Камбоджæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamb%C3%B3d%C3%ADa" title="Kambódía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kambódía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambogia" title="Cambogia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cambogia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="קמבודיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קמבודיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamb%C9%94j%C9%A9" title="Kambɔjɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kambɔjɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಕಾಂಬೋಡಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಂಬೋಡಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodya" title="Kambodya – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kambodya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90" title="კამბოჯა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კამბოჯა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کمبوڈیا – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کمبوڈیا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamb%C3%B2d%C5%BC%C3%B4" title="Kambòdżô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kambòdżô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodi" title="Kambodi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kambodi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodiya" title="Kambodiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kambodiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanb%C3%B2dj" title="Kanbòdj – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kanbòdj" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbodj" title="Kanbodj – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kanbodj" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboca" title="Kamboca – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kamboca" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambogia" title="Cambogia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cambogia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambosia" title="Cambosia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cambosia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodia" title="Kambodia – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Kambodia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboggia" title="Camboggia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Camboggia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cambodja" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboji" title="Kamboji – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kamboji" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camputxa" title="Camputxa – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Camputxa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambogia" title="Cambogia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cambogia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodzsa" title="Kambodzsa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kambodzsa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कम्बोडिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कम्बोडिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%9F%D0%B0" title="Камбоџа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Камбоџа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamb%C3%B4dia" title="Kambôdia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kambôdia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="കംബോഡിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കംബോഡിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamap%C5%8Dtia" title="Kamapōtia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kamapōtia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कंबोडिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कंबोडिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90" title="კამბოჯა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კამბოჯა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كامبوديا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كامبوديا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کامبوجیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کامبوجیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemboja" title="Kemboja – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kemboja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯀꯦꯝꯕꯣꯗꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯦꯝꯕꯣꯗꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampuchea" title="Kampuchea – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kampuchea" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboja" title="Camboja – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Camboja" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6" title="Камбож – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Камбож" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ကမ္ဘောဒီးယားနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘောဒီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cambodja" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कम्बोडिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कम्बोडिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्याम्बोदिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्याम्बोदिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2" title="カンボジア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンボジア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboggia" title="Camboggia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Camboggia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%93%DF%8F%DF%96%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߞߊ߲ߓߏߖߌ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߊ߲ߓߏߖߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodscha" title="Kambodscha – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kambodscha" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboedya" title="Kamboedya – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kamboedya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodsja" title="Kambodsja – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kambodsja" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodsja" title="Kambodsja – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kambodsja" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodia" title="Kambodia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kambodia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camb%C3%B2tja" title="Cambòtja – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cambòtja" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="କମ୍ବୋଡ଼ିଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କମ୍ବୋଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboodiyaa" title="Kamboodiyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kamboodiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਕੰਬੋਡੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੰਬੋਡੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कम्बोदिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="कम्बोदिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conbodia" title="Conbodia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Conbodia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کمپوچیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کمپوچیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ကမ်ဗေားဒီးယားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကမ်ဗေားဒီးယားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Cambodja" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="کمبوديا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کمبوديا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambuodia" title="Kambuodia – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kambuodia" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6" title="ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodge" title="Cambodge – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Cambodge" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camb%C3%B2gia" title="Cambògia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cambògia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodscha" title="Kambodscha – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kambodscha" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BCa" title="Kambodża – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kambodża" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboja" title="Camboja – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Camboja" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambo%C3%A7iya" title="Kamboçiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kamboçiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodgia" title="Cambodgia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cambodgia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodscha" title="Cambodscha – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Cambodscha" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampuya" title="Kampuya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kampuya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B0" title="Камбодьа – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Камбодьа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemupotia" title="Kemupotia – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kemupotia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کمبوڈیا – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کمبوڈیا" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camb%C3%B2gia" title="Cambògia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cambògia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodie" title="Cambodie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cambodie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboxhia" title="Kamboxhia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kamboxhia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboggia" title="Camboggia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Camboggia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="කාම්බෝජය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාම්බෝජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ڪمبوڊيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪمبوڊيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhambodiya" title="IKhambodiya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IKhambodiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BCa" title="Kambodża – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kambodża" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodiya" title="Kambodiya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kambodiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کەمبۆدیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەمبۆدیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%9F%D0%B0" title="Камбоџа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Камбоџа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kambodja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambodya" title="Kambodya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kambodya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="கம்போடியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கம்போடியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambudya" title="Kambudya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Kambudya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambudya" title="Kambudya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kambudya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းၵမ်ႇပေႃးတီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵမ်ႇပေႃးတီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="కంబోడియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కంబోడియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศกัมพูชา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศกัมพูชา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B0" title="Камбоҷа – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Камбоҷа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamip%C5%8Dtia" title="Kamipōtia – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kamipōtia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%B9%E1%8F%89%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82" title="ᎧᎹᏉᏗᎠᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᎹᏉᏗᎠᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambo%C3%A7ya" title="Kamboçya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kamboçya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%85%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%8D" title="ᨀᨆᨅᨚᨍ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨀᨆᨅᨚᨍ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کمبوڈیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کمبوڈیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%98%D8%A7" title="كامبودژا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كامبودژا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genjbujcai" title="Genjbujcai – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Genjbujcai" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canboza" title="Canboza – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Canboza" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BE" title="Kambodž – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kambodž" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campuchia" title="Campuchia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Campuchia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboc%C3%A4n" title="Kambocän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kambocän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kambodža" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodje" title="Cambodje – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cambodje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="柬埔寨" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camboya" title="Camboya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Camboya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboodi" title="Kamboodi – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kamboodi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="柬埔寨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Cambodia" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2" title="קאמבאדיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאמבאדיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0mb%C3%B3d%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Kàmbódíà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kàmbódíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="柬埔寨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambo%C3%A7ya" title="Kamboçya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kamboçya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Cambodja" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambuod%C5%BEa" title="Kambuodža – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kambuodža" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柬埔寨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Kamboja" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemboja" title="Kemboja – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kemboja" data-language-autonym="Betawi" 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class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%99%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%95%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥛᥱ ᥙᥨᥝᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥛᥱ ᥙᥨᥝᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambo%C4%8D%C9%99" title="Kambočə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kambočə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q424#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cambodia&params=12_34_N_104_59_E_type:country_region:KH">12°34′N 104°59′E / 12.567°N 104.983°E / 12.567; 104.983</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in Southeast Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output 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For the song by Kim Wilde, see <a href="/wiki/Cambodia_(song)" title="Cambodia (song)">Cambodia (song)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Kampuchea" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kampuchea_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kampuchea (disambiguation)">Kampuchea (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 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.ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Kingdom of Cambodia</div><div class="ib-country-names">ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>) Preah Reacheanachak Kampuchea</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cambodia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cambodia"><img alt="Flag of Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cambodia" title="Flag of Cambodia">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Cambodia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/85px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/128px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/170px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="591" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cambodia" title="Coat of arms of Cambodia"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: ជាតិ សាសនា ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nation,_Religion,_King" title="Nation, Religion, King">Cheat, Sasna, Preah Mohaksat</a></li><li>"Nation, Religion, King"</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: នគររាជ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nokor_Reach" title="Nokor Reach">Noko Reach</a></li><li>"Majestic Kingdom"</li></ul></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="91" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=km&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="km" label="ភាសាខ្មែរ ‪(km)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Nokoreach.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Cambodia_on_the_globe_(Cambodia_centered).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cambodia_on_the_globe_%28Cambodia_centered%29.svg/220px-Cambodia_on_the_globe_%28Cambodia_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cambodia_on_the_globe_%28Cambodia_centered%29.svg/330px-Cambodia_on_the_globe_%28Cambodia_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cambodia_on_the_globe_%28Cambodia_centered%29.svg/440px-Cambodia_on_the_globe_%28Cambodia_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="792" /></a>Show globe</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Cambodia_ASEAN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Location_Cambodia_ASEAN.svg/250px-Location_Cambodia_ASEAN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Location_Cambodia_ASEAN.svg/375px-Location_Cambodia_ASEAN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Location_Cambodia_ASEAN.svg/500px-Location_Cambodia_ASEAN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="900" /></a>Show ASEAN</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cambodia&params=11_34_10_N_104_55_16_E_type:city_region:KH">11°34′10″N 104°55′16″E / 11.56944°N 104.92111°E / 11.56944; 104.92111</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a><a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official script</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a><a href="#cite_note-constitution-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2019/20<a href="#cite_note-Socio-economic_Survey_2019/2020-2">[2]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>95.4% <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a></li><li>2.4% <a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Cham</a></li><li>1.5% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese in Cambodia">Chinese</a></li><li>0.8% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia" title="Ethnic groups in Cambodia">others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2019<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>97.1% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Buddhism</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official</a>)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li><li>2.0% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cambodia" title="Islam in Cambodia">Islam</a></li><li>0.3% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Cambodia" title="Catholic Church in Cambodia">Christianity</a></li><li>0.5% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cambodia" title="Demographics of Cambodia">Cambodian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cambodia" title="Demographics of Cambodia">Kampuchean</a> (historical)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cambodia" title="Politics of Cambodia">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary parliamentary constitutional <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective monarchy</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary dictatorship">hereditary dictatorship</a><a href="#cite_note-:01-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:03-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">Norodom Sihamoni</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_(Cambodia)" title="List of presidents of the Senate (Cambodia)">President of the Senate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hun_Sen" title="Hun Sen">Hun Sen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Assembly_(Cambodia)" title="List of presidents of the National Assembly (Cambodia)">President of the National Assembly</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khuon_Sodary" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuon Sodary">Khuon Sodary</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cambodia)" title="Senate (Cambodia)">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cambodia)" title="National Assembly (Cambodia)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cambodia" title="History of Cambodia">Formation</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Funan" title="Funan">Funan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">68–550</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chenla" title="Chenla">Chenla</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">550–802</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">802–1431</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Post-Angkor_period" title="Post-Angkor period">Middle period</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1431–1863</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">French protectorate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 August 1863</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_of_Cambodia" title="Independence Day of Cambodia">Independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">France</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 November 1953</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cambodia" title="Geography of Cambodia">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">181,035 km2 (69,898 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">88th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.5</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cambodia" title="Demographics of Cambodia">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">17,638,801<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">71st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">94.4/km2 (244.5/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2025 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $150.590 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMF2024-9">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">89th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $8,678<a href="#cite_note-IMF2024-9">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">132th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2025 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $51.159 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMF2024-9">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">94th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $2,948<a href="#cite_note-IMF2024-9">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">139th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2013)</th><td class="infobox-data">36.0<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.600<a href="#cite_note-HDI-11">[11]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">medium (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">148th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_riel" title="Cambodian riel">Riel</a> (៛) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">KHR</a>; de jure and de facto)</li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a> ($) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">USD</a>; de facto)</li></ul></div><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+07:00 (<a href="/wiki/Indochina_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina Time">ICT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Cambodia" title="Telephone numbers in Cambodia">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Cambodia" title="Telephone numbers in Cambodia">+855</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:KH" title="ISO 3166-2:KH">KH</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.kh" title=".kh">.kh</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Aksar_Khmer.svg/40px-Aksar_Khmer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Aksar_Khmer.svg/60px-Aksar_Khmer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Aksar_Khmer.svg/80px-Aksar_Khmer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="225" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">You may need <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a> to display the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> text in this article correctly.</div></div> </div> Cambodia,<a href="#cite_note-15">[a]</a> officially the Kingdom of Cambodia,<a href="#cite_note-16">[b]</a> is a country in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Indochinese Peninsula</a>. It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> to the east, and has a coastline along the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a> in the southwest. It spans an area of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">square miles</a>), dominated by a low-lying plain and the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Mekong</a> river and <a href="/wiki/Tonl%C3%A9_Sap" title="Tonlé Sap">Tonlé Sap</a>, Southeast Asia's largest lake. It is dominated by a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a> and is rich in biodiversity. Cambodia has a population of about 17 million people,<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> the majority of which are ethnically <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a>. Its capital and most populous city is <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battambang" title="Battambang">Battambang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> In 802 AD, <a href="/wiki/Jayavarman_II" title="Jayavarman II">Jayavarman II</a> declared himself king, uniting the warring Khmer princes of <a href="/wiki/Chenla_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenla Kingdom">Chenla</a> under the name "Kambuja".<a href="#cite_note-CHANDLER2-19">[17]</a> This marked the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Indianised_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianised kingdom">Indianised kingdom</a> facilitated the spread of first <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> to Southeast Asia and undertook religious infrastructural projects throughout the region, the most famous of which is <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a>. In the 15th century, it began a <a href="/wiki/Post-Angkor_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Angkor Period">decline in power</a> until, in 1863, Cambodia became a <a href="/wiki/French_Protectorate_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="French Protectorate of Cambodia">French protectorate</a>. Following <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Cambodia" title="Japanese occupation of Cambodia">Japanese occupation</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Cambodia declared <a href="/wiki/Cambodia_(1953%E2%80%931970)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodia (1953–1970)">independence from France</a> in 1953. The <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> embroiled the country in <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">civil war</a> during the 1960s, culminating in a <a href="/wiki/1970_Cambodian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1970 Cambodian coup d'état">1970 coup</a> which installed the US-aligned <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Republic" title="Khmer Republic">Khmer Republic</a> and the takeover of the communist <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Phnom_Penh" title="Fall of Phnom Penh">1975</a>. The Khmer Rouge <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Democratic Kampuchea">ruled the country</a> and carried out the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a> from 1975 until 1979, until they were ousted during the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a>. Peace was restored by the <a href="/wiki/1991_Paris_Peace_Accords" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Paris Peace Accords">1991 Paris Peace Accords</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Authority_in_Cambodia" title="United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia">United Nations peacekeeping mission</a>, establishing a new constitution, holding the <a href="/wiki/1993_Cambodian_general_election" title="1993 Cambodian general election">1993 general election</a>, and ending <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">long-term insurgencies</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1997_Cambodian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1997 Cambodian coup d'état">1997 coup d'état</a> consolidated power under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hun_Sen" title="Hun Sen">Hun Sen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_People%27s_Party" title="Cambodian People's Party">Cambodian People's Party</a> (CPP). Cambodia is a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party</a> state,<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> although the CPP dominates the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cambodia" title="Politics of Cambodia">political system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-21">[19]</a> The UN designates Cambodia a <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Least developed country">least developed country</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cambodia" title="Agriculture in Cambodia">Agriculture</a> remains its dominant economic sector, with growth in textiles, construction, garments, and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cambodia" title="Tourism in Cambodia">tourism</a> leading to increased foreign investment and international trade.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Cambodia" title="Corruption in Cambodia">Corruption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cambodia" title="Human rights in Cambodia">human rights issues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Cambodia" title="Deforestation in Cambodia">deforestation</a> have remained challenges in Cambodia's post-conflict development. The official and most widely spoken language is <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>, and the most widely practiced religion is <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Buddhism</a>. The country's <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cambodia" title="Culture of Cambodia">culture</a> and traditions are shaped by its Angkorean heritage and international influences over its history. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Cambodia" title="Names of Cambodia">Names of Cambodia</a></div> The Kingdom of Cambodia is the official English name of the country. The English Cambodia is an anglicisation of the French Cambodge, which in turn is the French transliteration of the Khmer កម្ពុជា (Kâmpŭchéa, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[kampuciə]</a>). Kâmpŭchéa is the shortened alternative to the country's official name in Khmer ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា (Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[preah riəciənaːcak kampuciə]</a>. The Khmer <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonym</a> កម្ពុជា Kâmpŭchéa derives from the Sanskrit name कम्बोजदेश Kambojadeśa, composed of देश Deśa ("land of" or "country of") and कम्बोज (Kamboja), referring to the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Kambu_Swayambhuva" title="Kambu Swayambhuva">Kambu</a> (a legendary Indian sage from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Indian kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kamboja</a>).<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> The term Cambodia was already in use in Europe as early as 1524, since <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pigafetta" title="Antonio Pigafetta">Antonio Pigafetta</a> cites it in his work Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo (1524–1525) as Camogia.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> Scholar <a href="/wiki/George_Coedes" class="mw-redirect" title="George Coedes">George Coedes</a> refers to a 10th-century inscription of a Cambodian dynastic legend in which the <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> Kambu Swayambhuva and the celestial nymph Mera unite and establish the Cambodian Solar royal dynasty (Kambu-Mera), that begins with the <a href="/wiki/Chenla" title="Chenla">Chenla</a> ruler Srutavarman and his son Sreshthavarman. Coedes suggests that the Kambu Swayambhuva legend has its origins in southern India, as a version of the <a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchi</a> <a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty">Pallava dynasty</a> creation myth.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> Colloquially, Cambodians refer to their country as either Srok Khmer (ស្រុកខ្មែរ Srŏk Khmêr, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[srok kʰmae]</a>; meaning "Land of the Khmers"), or the slightly more formal ប្រទេសកម្ពុជា (Prâtés Kâmpŭchéa, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[prɑteh kampuciə]</a>; "Country of Kampuchea"). The name Cambodia is used most often in the Western world while Kampuchea is more widely used in the Eastern world.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cambodia" title="History of Cambodia">History of Cambodia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Cambodia" title="Early history of Cambodia">Early history of Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ewer_from_Cambodia,_Angkorian_era,_12th_century,_glazed_stoneware,_HAA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ewer_from_Cambodia%2C_Angkorian_era%2C_12th_century%2C_glazed_stoneware%2C_HAA.JPG/220px-Ewer_from_Cambodia%2C_Angkorian_era%2C_12th_century%2C_glazed_stoneware%2C_HAA.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ewer_from_Cambodia%2C_Angkorian_era%2C_12th_century%2C_glazed_stoneware%2C_HAA.JPG/330px-Ewer_from_Cambodia%2C_Angkorian_era%2C_12th_century%2C_glazed_stoneware%2C_HAA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ewer_from_Cambodia%2C_Angkorian_era%2C_12th_century%2C_glazed_stoneware%2C_HAA.JPG/440px-Ewer_from_Cambodia%2C_Angkorian_era%2C_12th_century%2C_glazed_stoneware%2C_HAA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1797" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Glazed stoneware dating back to the 12th century</figcaption></figure> There exists evidence for a <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> human occupation of what later is Cambodia, which includes <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a> pebble tools found in terraces along the Mekong River, in <a href="/wiki/Stung_Treng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Stung Treng Province">Stung Treng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krati%C3%A9_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kratié Province">Kratié</a> provinces, and in <a href="/wiki/Kampot_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampot Province">Kampot Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stark2004-31">[29]</a> Some archaeological evidence shows communities of <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a> inhabited the region during the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a>: the most ancient archaeological discovery site in Cambodia is considered to be the cave of <a href="/wiki/Laang_Spean" title="Laang Spean">Laang Spean</a>, which belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Hoabinhian" title="Hoabinhian">Hoabinhian</a> period. Excavations in its lower layers produced a series of <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiocarbon">radiocarbon</a> dates around 6000 BC.<a href="#cite_note-stark2004-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> Upper layers in the same site gave evidence of transition to <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, containing the earliest dated earthenware ceramics in Cambodia.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> Archaeological records for the period between the Holocene and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> remain equally limited. An event in prehistory was the penetration of the first rice farmers from the north, which began in the third millennium BC.<a href="#cite_note-higham2001pre-34">[32]</a> Prehistoric evidence are the "circular <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)" title="Earthworks (archaeology)">earthworks</a>" discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Red_soil" title="Red soil">red soils</a> near <a href="/wiki/Memot" class="mw-redirect" title="Memot">Memot</a> and in the adjacent region of Vietnam in the latter 1950s. Their function and age are still debated, and some of them possibly date from the second millennium BC.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> Other prehistoric sites of somewhat uncertain date are Samrong Sen (not far from the ancient capital of <a href="/wiki/Oudong" title="Oudong">Oudong</a>), where the first investigations began in 1875,<a href="#cite_note-higham1989-37">[35]</a> and Phum Snay, in the northern province of <a href="/wiki/Banteay_Meanchey_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Banteay Meanchey Province">Banteay Meanchey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> Iron was worked by about 500 BC, with supporting evidence coming from the <a href="/wiki/Khorat_Plateau" title="Khorat Plateau">Khorat Plateau</a>, in what later is Thailand. In Cambodia, some <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> settlements were found beneath <a href="/wiki/Baksei_Chamkrong" title="Baksei Chamkrong">Baksei Chamkrong</a> and other Angkorian temples while circular earthworks were discovered at the site of <a href="/wiki/Lovea" title="Lovea">Lovea</a> kilometres north-west of Angkor. Burials testify to improvement of food availability and trade, and the existence of a social structure and labour organisation.<a href="#cite_note-Carter,_A._K._2011-39">[37]</a> Kinds of glass beads recovered from sites, such as the Phum Snay site in the northwest and the Prohear site in the southeast, suggest that there were two main trading networks at the time. The two networks were separated by time and space, which indicate that there was a shift from one network to the other at about the 2nd–4th century AD, probably due to changes in socio-political powers.<a href="#cite_note-Carter,_A._K._2011-39">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Angkorian,_Angkorian,_and_Post-Angkor">Pre-Angkorian, Angkorian, and Post-Angkor</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Funan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Funan">Kingdom of Funan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenla" title="Chenla">Chenla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Post-Angkor_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Angkor Period">Post-Angkor Period</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:219px;max-width:219px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Angkor_Wat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Angkor_Wat.jpg/215px-Angkor_Wat.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Angkor_Wat.jpg/323px-Angkor_Wat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Angkor_Wat.jpg/430px-Angkor_Wat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2004" data-file-height="1362" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayon_June_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bayon_June_2018.jpg/215px-Bayon_June_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bayon_June_2018.jpg/323px-Bayon_June_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bayon_June_2018.jpg/430px-Bayon_June_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Faces of <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a> <a href="/wiki/Avalokiteshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Avalokiteshvara">Avalokiteshvara</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bayon" title="Bayon">Prasat Bayon</a></div></div></div></div></div> During the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Indianised_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianised kingdom">Indianised states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Funan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Funan">Funan</a> and its successor, <a href="/wiki/Chenla" title="Chenla">Chenla</a>, coalesced in what later is Cambodia and southwestern Vietnam. For more than 2,000 years, what was to become Cambodia absorbed influences from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, passing them on to other Southeast Asian civilisations that later became Thailand and Laos.<a href="#cite_note-BRIT-40">[38]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a> grew out of the remnants of Chenla, becoming firmly established in 802 when <a href="/wiki/Jayavarman_II" title="Jayavarman II">Jayavarman II</a> (reigned <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 790 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 835) declared independence from <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and proclaimed themselves a <a href="/wiki/Devaraja" title="Devaraja">Devaraja</a>. They and their followers instituted the cult of the <a href="/wiki/God-king" class="mw-redirect" title="God-king">God-king</a> and began a series of conquests that formed an empire which flourished in the area from the 9th to the 15th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> During the rule of <a href="/wiki/Jayavarman_VIII" title="Jayavarman VIII">Jayavarman VIII</a> the Angkor empire was attacked by the <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> army of <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>; the king was able to buy peace.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> Around the 13th century, Theravada missionaries from <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> reintroduced <a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhism">Theravada Buddhism</a> to Southeast Asia, having sent missionaries previously in the 1190s.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> The religion spread and eventually displaced Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism as the popular religion of Angkor; it was not the official state religion until 1295 when <a href="/wiki/Indravarman_III" title="Indravarman III">Indravarman III</a> took power.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> The Khmer Empire was Southeast Asia's largest empire during the 12th century. The empire's centre of power was <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a>, where a series of capitals were constructed during the empire's zenith. In 2007 an international team of researchers using satellite photographs and other modern techniques concluded that Angkor had been the largest pre-industrial city in the world with an urban sprawl of 2,980 square kilometres (1,151 square miles).<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> The city could have supported a population of up to 1 million people.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> After a series of wars with neighbouring kingdoms, Angkor was sacked by the <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a> and abandoned in 1432 because of ecological failure and infrastructure breakdown.<a href="#cite_note-Chan-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_1760.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_1760.jpg/220px-Vietnam_1760.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_1760.jpg/330px-Vietnam_1760.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_1760.jpg/440px-Vietnam_1760.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2290" data-file-height="2790" /></a><figcaption>A map of <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a> in 1760</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Leu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer Leu">hill tribe</a> people were "hunted incessantly and carried off as <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Asia" title="Slavery in Asia">slaves</a> by the Siamese (Thai), the Annamites (Vietnamese), and the Cambodians".<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> Formerly part of the Khmer Empire, the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a> had been controlled by the Vietnamese since 1698,<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> with King <a href="/wiki/Chey_Chettha_II" title="Chey Chettha II">Chey Chettha II</a> granting the Vietnamese permission to settle in the area decades before.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-53">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_colonisation">French colonisation</h3></div> In 1863, <a href="/wiki/Norodom_of_Cambodia" title="Norodom of Cambodia">King Norodom</a> signed a treaty of protection with France.<a href="#cite_note-CHANDLER2-19">[17]</a> The <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">protectorate of France</a> period lasted until 1953, with a brief interruption while the kingdom was <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Cambodia" title="Japanese occupation of Cambodia">occupied by the Japanese empire</a> from 1941 to 1945<a href="#cite_note-Kamm-54">[52]</a> and simultaneously existing as the puppet state of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Kingdom of Kampuchea</a> in 1945. Between 1874 and 1962, the total population increased from about 946,000 to 5.7 million.<a href="#cite_note-Population-55">[53]</a> After King Norodom's death in 1904, France manipulated the choice of king and Sisowath, Norodom's brother, was placed on the throne. The throne became vacant in 1941 with the death of Monivong, Sisowath's son, and France passed over Monivong's son, Monireth, feeling he was too independently minded. Instead, <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a>, a maternal grandson of King Sisowath was enthroned. The French thought young Sihanouk would be easy to control.<a href="#cite_note-Kamm-54">[52]</a> Under the reign of King Norodom Sihanouk, Cambodia gained independence from France on 9 November 1953.<a href="#cite_note-Kamm-54">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_(1953–1970)">Kingdom (1953–1970)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cambodia_(1953%E2%80%931970)" title="Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)">Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norodom_Suramarit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Norodom_Suramarit.jpg/220px-Norodom_Suramarit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Norodom_Suramarit.jpg/330px-Norodom_Suramarit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Norodom_Suramarit.jpg/440px-Norodom_Suramarit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Suramarit" title="Norodom Suramarit">Norodom Suramarit</a> and Queen Sisowath Monivong Kossamak Nearirath Serey Vathana of Cambodia.</figcaption></figure> In 1955, Sihanouk abdicated in favour of his father to participate in politics and was elected prime minister. Upon his father's death in 1960, Sihanouk again became head of state, taking the title of prince. As the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> progressed, Sihanouk adopted an official policy of <a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">neutrality</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. Sihanouk allowed the Vietnamese communists to use Cambodia as a sanctuary and a supply route for their arms and other aid to their armed forces fighting in South Vietnam. In December 1967 Washington Post journalist Stanley Karnow was told by Sihanouk that if the US wanted to bomb the Vietnamese communist sanctuaries, he would not object unless Cambodians were killed.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mao_Sihanouk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mao_Sihanouk.jpg/220px-Mao_Sihanouk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mao_Sihanouk.jpg/330px-Mao_Sihanouk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mao_Sihanouk.jpg/440px-Mao_Sihanouk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> in 1956</figcaption></figure> The same message was conveyed to <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">US President Johnson's</a> emissary <a href="/wiki/Chester_Bowles" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester Bowles">Chester Bowles</a> in January 1968.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> In public Sihanouk refuted the right of the U.S. to use air strikes in Cambodia, and on 26 March he said "these criminal attacks must immediately and definitively stop". On 28 March a press conference was held and Sihanouk appealed to the international media: "I appeal to you to publicise abroad this very clear stand of Cambodia—that is, I will, in any case, oppose all bombings on Cambodian territory under whatever pretext." Nevertheless, the bombing continued.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khmer_Republic_(1970–1975)">Khmer Republic (1970–1975)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Republic" title="Khmer Republic">Khmer Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></div> While visiting Beijing in 1970 Sihanouk was <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_coup_of_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian coup of 1970">ousted by a military coup</a> led by Prime Minister General <a href="/wiki/Lon_Nol" title="Lon Nol">Lon Nol</a> and Prince Sisowath <a href="/wiki/Sirik_Matak" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirik Matak">Sirik Matak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> Once the coup was completed, the new regime, which demanded that the Vietnamese communists leave Cambodia, gained the political support of the United States. The North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces, desperate to retain their sanctuaries and supply lines from North Vietnam, launched armed attacks on the new government. The king urged his followers to help in overthrowing this government, hastening the onset of <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">civil war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SIHNK-60">[58]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:219px;max-width:219px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:US_aircraft_LORAN_bombing_over_Cambodia_c1973.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/US_aircraft_LORAN_bombing_over_Cambodia_c1973.JPG/215px-US_aircraft_LORAN_bombing_over_Cambodia_c1973.JPG" decoding="async" width="215" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/US_aircraft_LORAN_bombing_over_Cambodia_c1973.JPG/323px-US_aircraft_LORAN_bombing_over_Cambodia_c1973.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/US_aircraft_LORAN_bombing_over_Cambodia_c1973.JPG/430px-US_aircraft_LORAN_bombing_over_Cambodia_c1973.JPG 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="402" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left">Tens of thousands of people were killed during the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Freedom_Deal" title="Operation Freedom Deal">US bombing of Cambodia</a> between 1970 and 1973.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Marines_deploy_at_LZ_Hotel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Marines_deploy_at_LZ_Hotel.jpg/215px-Marines_deploy_at_LZ_Hotel.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Marines_deploy_at_LZ_Hotel.jpg/323px-Marines_deploy_at_LZ_Hotel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Marines_deploy_at_LZ_Hotel.jpg/430px-Marines_deploy_at_LZ_Hotel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="482" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Pull" title="Operation Eagle Pull">Operation Eagle Pull</a></div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> rebels began using him to gain support. From 1970 until 1972, the Cambodian conflict was largely between the government and army of Cambodia, and the armed forces of North Vietnam. As they gained control of Cambodian territory, the Vietnamese communists imposed a new political infrastructure, which was eventually dominated by the Cambodian communists now referred to as the Khmer Rouge.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> Documents uncovered from the Soviet archives after 1991 reveal that the North Vietnamese attempt to overrun Cambodia in 1970 was launched at the explicit request of the Khmer Rouge and negotiated by <a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a>'s then second in command, <a href="/wiki/Nuon_Chea" title="Nuon Chea">Nuon Chea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> NVA units overran Cambodian army positions while the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Kampuchea" title="Communist Party of Kampuchea">Communist Party of Kampuchea</a> (CPK) expanded their attacks on lines of communication. In response to the North Vietnamese invasion, US President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> announced that US and South Vietnamese ground forces had entered Cambodia in a campaign aimed at destroying NVA base areas in Cambodia (see <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Incursion" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Incursion">Cambodian Incursion</a>).<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> On New Year's Day 1975, Communist troops launched an offensive which, in 117 days, led to the collapse of the Khmer Republic. Simultaneous attacks around the perimeter of Phnom Penh pinned down Republican forces, while other CPK units overran fire bases controlling the vital lower Mekong resupply route. A US-funded airlift of ammunition and rice ended when Congress refused additional aid for Cambodia. The Lon Nol government in Phnom Penh surrendered on 17 April 1975, 5 days after the US mission evacuated Cambodia.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khmer_Rouge_regime_(1975–1978)">Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1978)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Democratic Kampuchea">Democratic Kampuchea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TuolSlang3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/TuolSlang3.jpg/220px-TuolSlang3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/TuolSlang3.jpg/330px-TuolSlang3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/TuolSlang3.jpg/440px-TuolSlang3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Rooms of the <a href="/wiki/Tuol_Sleng_Genocide_Museum" title="Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum">Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum</a> contain thousands of photos taken by the Khmer Rouge of their victims.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddhist_Stupa_at_Choeung_Ek_killing_fields,_Cambodia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Buddhist_Stupa_at_Choeung_Ek_killing_fields%2C_Cambodia.JPG/220px-Buddhist_Stupa_at_Choeung_Ek_killing_fields%2C_Cambodia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Buddhist_Stupa_at_Choeung_Ek_killing_fields%2C_Cambodia.JPG/330px-Buddhist_Stupa_at_Choeung_Ek_killing_fields%2C_Cambodia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Buddhist_Stupa_at_Choeung_Ek_killing_fields%2C_Cambodia.JPG/440px-Buddhist_Stupa_at_Choeung_Ek_killing_fields%2C_Cambodia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Choeung_Ek" title="Choeung Ek">Choeung Ek</a>, a known site of mass grave for genocide victims during the Khmer Rouge era</figcaption></figure> Estimates as to how many people were <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">killed by the Khmer Rouge regime</a> range from approximately 1 to 3 million; a cited figure is 2 million (about a quarter of the population).<a href="#cite_note-Locard-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-CAS-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heuveline,_Patrick_2001-68">[66]</a> This era gave rise to the term <a href="/wiki/Killing_Fields" title="Killing Fields">Killing Fields</a>, and the prison <a href="/wiki/Tuol_Sleng" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuol Sleng">Tuol Sleng</a> became known for its history of mass killing. Hundreds of thousands fled across the border into neighbouring Thailand. The regime disproportionately targeted <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia" title="Ethnic groups in Cambodia">ethnic minority</a> groups. The <a href="/wiki/Cham_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham (Asia)">Cham</a> Muslims underwent purges with as much as half of their population exterminated.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> Pol Pot was determined to keep his power and disenfranchise any enemies or potential threats, and thus increased his violent and aggressive actions against his people.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> Forced repatriation in 1970 and deaths during the Khmer Rouge era reduced the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Cambodian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese Cambodian">Vietnamese</a> population in Cambodia from between 250,000 and 300,000 in 1969 to a reported 56,000 in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-Population-55">[53]</a> Most of the victims of the Khmer Rouge regime were not ethnic minorities but ethnic Khmer. Professionals, such as doctors, lawyers and teachers, were targeted. According to <a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Kaplan" title="Robert D. Kaplan">Robert D. Kaplan</a>, "eyeglasses were as deadly as the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">yellow star</a>" as they were seen as a sign of intellectualism.<a href="#cite_note-kaplan-71">[69]</a> Religious institutions were targeted by the Khmer Rouge. The majority of <a href="/wiki/Khmer_architecture" title="Khmer architecture">Khmer architecture</a>, 95% of Cambodia's Buddhist temples, were destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnamese_occupation_and_transition_(1978–1992)">Vietnamese occupation and transition (1978–1992)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">People's Republic of Kampuchea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)</a></div> In November 1978, Vietnamese troops <a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">invaded Cambodia</a> in response to border raids by the Khmer Rouge<a href="#cite_note-CGG-73">[71]</a> and conquered it. The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">People's Republic of Kampuchea</a> (PRK) was established as a <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">pro-Soviet</a> state led by the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party, a party created by the Vietnamese in 1951, and led by a group of Khmer Rouge who had fled Cambodia to avoid being purged by Pol Pot and <a href="/wiki/Ta_Mok" title="Ta Mok">Ta Mok</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> It was fully beholden to the occupying Vietnamese army and under the direction of the Vietnamese ambassador to Phnom Penh. Its arms came from Vietnam and the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Bultmann_2015-75">[73]</a> In opposition to the newly created state, a government-in-exile referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Government_of_Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea">Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea</a> (CGDK) was formed in 1981 from three factions.<a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Bultmann_2015-75">[73]</a> This consisted of the Khmer Rouge, a royalist faction led by Sihanouk, and the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_People%27s_National_Liberation_Front" title="Khmer People's National Liberation Front">Khmer People's National Liberation Front</a>. Its credentials were recognised by the United Nations. The Khmer Rouge representative to UN, Thiounn Prasith, was retained, and he had to work in consultation with representatives of the noncommunist Cambodian parties.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> The refusal of Vietnam to withdraw from Cambodia led to <a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">economic sanctions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Modern_Cambodia#Peace_efforts_and_the_free_elections" title="Modern Cambodia">Peace efforts</a> began in Paris in 1989 under the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea#Transition:_State_of_Cambodia_(1989–1993)" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">State of Cambodia</a>, culminating two years later in October 1991 in a <a href="/wiki/1991_Paris_Peace_Accords" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Paris Peace Accords">Paris Comprehensive Peace Settlement</a>. The UN was given a mandate to enforce a ceasefire and deal with refugees and disarmament known as the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Authority_in_Cambodia" title="United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia">United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia</a> (UNTAC).<a href="#cite_note-USDOS3-79">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_(1993–)">Kingdom (1993–)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Modern_Cambodia" title="Modern Cambodia">Modern Cambodia</a></div> In 1993, the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">monarchy</a> was restored with <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a> reinstated as King, and the <a href="/wiki/1993_Cambodian_general_election" title="1993 Cambodian general election">first post-war election</a> was coordinated by <a href="/wiki/UNTAC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNTAC">UNTAC</a>. The election was won by <a href="/wiki/FUNCINPEC" title="FUNCINPEC">FUNCINPEC</a> led by Sihanouk's son <a href="/wiki/Ranariddh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranariddh">Ranariddh</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a>. A power-sharing agreement was agreed with Ranariddh and <a href="/wiki/Hun_Sen" title="Hun Sen">Hun Sen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_People%27s_Party" title="Cambodian People's Party">Cambodian People's Party</a> both simultaneously being co-Prime Ministers after the CPP threatened to <a href="/wiki/Samdech_Euv_Autonomous_Zone" title="Samdech Euv Autonomous Zone">secede part of the country</a> if power was fully transferred to FUNCINPEC. The stability established following the conflict was shaken in 1997 by a <a href="/wiki/1997_clashes_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 clashes in Cambodia">coup d'état</a> led by the co-Prime Minister Hun Sen, who ousted Ranariddh and other parties represented in the government and consolidated power for CPP.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-97COUP-81">[79]</a> After its government was able to stabilize under Sen, Cambodia was accepted into the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a> (ASEAN) on 30 April 1999.<a href="#cite_note-enlargement-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">Norodom Sihamoni</a> was crowned Cambodia's king in 2004 after his father Sihanouk's abdication.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> During the late 1990s and early 2000s, reconstruction efforts progressed which led to some political stability through a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multiparty</a> democracy under a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a><a href="#cite_note-CIACB-85">[83]</a> although Sen's rule has been marred by <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cambodia" title="Human rights in Cambodia">human rights abuses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Cambodia" title="Corruption in Cambodia">corruption</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Strangio-86">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cambodia" title="Economy of Cambodia">Cambodia's economy</a> grew rapidly in the 2000s and 2010s,<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> and it received considerable investment and infrastructure development support from <a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cambodia–China relations">China</a> as part of its <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CNRP_protesters_raise_flags.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/CNRP_protesters_raise_flags.jpg/220px-CNRP_protesters_raise_flags.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/CNRP_protesters_raise_flags.jpg/330px-CNRP_protesters_raise_flags.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/CNRP_protesters_raise_flags.jpg/440px-CNRP_protesters_raise_flags.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Cambodian_protests" title="2013–2014 Cambodian protests">Anti-government protests</a> supporting opposition party <a href="/wiki/Cambodia_National_Rescue_Party" title="Cambodia National Rescue Party">CNRP</a> followed the <a href="/wiki/2013_Cambodian_general_election" title="2013 Cambodian general election">2013 general election</a>.</figcaption></figure>A UN-backed war crimes tribunal, the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge_Tribunal" title="Khmer Rouge Tribunal">Khmer Rouge Tribunal</a> sought out to investigate crimes committed during the Democratic Kampuchea period and prosecute its leaders. Hun Sen has opposed extensive trials or investigations of former Khmer Rouge officials.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> In July 2010, <a href="/wiki/Kang_Kek_Iew" title="Kang Kek Iew">Kang Kek Iew</a> was the first Khmer Rouge member found guilty of <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> in his role as the former commandant of the <a href="/wiki/Tuol_Sleng_Genocide_Museum" title="Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum">S21 extermination camp</a> and he was sentenced to life in prison.<a href="#cite_note-De_Launey_BBC_2010-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> In August 2014, the tribunal sentenced <a href="/wiki/Khieu_Samphan" title="Khieu Samphan">Khieu Samphan</a>, the regime's 83-year-old former head of state, and <a href="/wiki/Nuon_Chea" title="Nuon Chea">Nuon Chea</a>, its 88-year-old chief ideologue, to life in prison on war crimes charges for their role in the country's terror period in the 1970s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] After the <a href="/wiki/2013_Cambodian_general_election" title="2013 Cambodian general election">2013 Cambodian general election</a>, allegations of voter fraud from opposition party <a href="/wiki/Cambodia_National_Rescue_Party" title="Cambodia National Rescue Party">Cambodia National Rescue Party</a> led to <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Cambodian_protests" title="2013–2014 Cambodian protests">widespread anti-government protests</a> that continued into the following year. The protests ended after a crackdown by government forces.<a href="#cite_note-:3-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cambodia_National_Rescue_Party" title="Cambodia National Rescue Party">Cambodia National Rescue Party</a> was dissolved ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2018_Cambodian_general_election" title="2018 Cambodian general election">2018 Cambodian general election</a> and the ruling <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_People%27s_Party" title="Cambodian People's Party">Cambodian People's Party</a> also enacted tighter curbs on <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Cambodia" title="Mass media in Cambodia">mass media</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> The CPP won every seat in the National Assembly without major opposition, effectively solidifying de facto one-party rule in the country.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> The global <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia">COVID-19 pandemic spread to Cambodia</a> in early 2020. Despite minimising the disease's spread for much of 2020<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> the country's health system was put under strain by a major outbreak in early 2021, which prompted several <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">lockdowns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> It also had a severe economic impact, with the <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism#Cambodia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">tourism industry</a> particularly affected due to <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">international travel restrictions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> Prime Minister Hun Sen assumed office 40 years ago and is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_state_leaders_by_date_of_assumption_of_office" title="List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office">world's longest-serving leaders</a>. He has been accused of crackdowns on opponents and critics. In December 2021, Hun Sen announced his support for his son <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a> to succeed him after the <a href="/wiki/2023_Cambodian_general_election" title="2023 Cambodian general election">next general election in 2023</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> A July 2023 <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> report showed numerous and significant election fraud and vote tampering in the June 2022 commune elections.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> In the July 2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Cambodian_general_election" title="2023 Cambodian general election">election</a>, the ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) easily won by a landslide in a flawed election, after the disqualification of Cambodia's most important opposition, <a href="/wiki/Candlelight_Party" title="Candlelight Party">Candlelight Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> On 22 August 2023, Hun Manet was sworn in as the new Cambodian prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cambodia" title="Geography of Cambodia">Geography of Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambodia_Geographic_map_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cambodia_Geographic_map_en.svg/330px-Cambodia_Geographic_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cambodia_Geographic_map_en.svg/495px-Cambodia_Geographic_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cambodia_Geographic_map_en.svg/660px-Cambodia_Geographic_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Geographic map of Cambodia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambodia_Regions_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cambodia_Regions_Map.png/330px-Cambodia_Regions_Map.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cambodia_Regions_Map.png/495px-Cambodia_Regions_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cambodia_Regions_Map.png/660px-Cambodia_Regions_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="2499" data-file-height="2207" /></a><figcaption>Regional map of Cambodia</figcaption></figure> Cambodia has an area of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 square miles) and lies entirely within the tropics, between latitudes <a href="/wiki/10th_parallel_north" title="10th parallel north">10°</a> and <a href="/wiki/15th_parallel_north" title="15th parallel north">15°N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/102nd_meridian_east" title="102nd meridian east">102°</a> and <a href="/wiki/108th_meridian_east" title="108th meridian east">108°E</a>. It borders Thailand to the north and west, Laos to the northeast, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> to the east and southeast. It has a 443-kilometre (275-mile) coastline along the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIACB-85">[83]</a> Cambodia's landscape is characterised by a low-lying central plain that is surrounded by uplands and low mountains and includes the <a href="/wiki/Tonle_Sap" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonle Sap">Tonle Sap</a> (Great Lake) and the upper reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekong River">Mekong River</a> delta. Extending outward from this central region are transitional plains, thinly forested and rising to elevations of about 650 feet (200 metres) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In Cambodia <a href="/wiki/Forest_cover" title="Forest cover">forest cover</a> is around 46% of the total land area, equivalent to 8,068,370 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, down from 11,004,790 hectares (ha) in 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 7,464,400 hectares (ha) and planted forest covered 603,970 hectares (ha). Of the naturally regenerating forest 4% was reported to be <a href="/wiki/Primary_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary forest">primary forest</a> (consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity). For the year 2015, 100% of the forest area was reported to be under <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">public ownership</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> To the north the Cambodian plain abuts a sandstone escarpment, which forms a southward-facing cliff stretching more than 200 miles (320 kilometres) from west to east and rising abruptly above the plain to heights of 600 to 1,800 feet (180–550 metres). This cliff marks the southern limit of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2ngr%C3%AAk_Mountains" title="Dângrêk Mountains">Dângrêk Mountains</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Flowing south through Cambodia's eastern regions is the Mekong River. East of the Mekong the transitional plains gradually merge with the eastern highlands, a region of forested mountains and high plateaus that extend into Laos and Vietnam. In southwestern Cambodia two distinct upland blocks, the <a href="/wiki/Cardamom_Mountains" title="Cardamom Mountains">Krâvanh Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2mrei_Mountains" title="Dâmrei Mountains">Dâmrei Mountains</a>, form another highland region that covers much of the land area between the Tonle Sap and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In this remote and largely uninhabited area, <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Aural" title="Phnom Aural">Phnom Aural</a>, Cambodia's highest peak rises to an elevation of 5,949 feet (1,813 metres).<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> The southern coastal region adjoining the Gulf of Thailand is a narrow lowland strip, heavily wooded and sparsely populated, which is isolated from the central plain by the southwestern highlands.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The most distinctive geographical feature is the inundations of the Tonle Sap, measuring about 2,590 square kilometres (1,000 square miles) during the dry season and expanding to about 24,605 square kilometres (9,500 square miles) during the rainy season. This densely populated plain, which is devoted to wet rice cultivation, is the heartland of Cambodia.<a href="#cite_note-:2-107">[105]</a> Much of this area has been designated as a <a href="/wiki/Man_and_the_Biosphere_Programme" title="Man and the Biosphere Programme">biosphere reserve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-107">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_KHM_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Koppen-Geiger_Map_KHM_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_KHM_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Koppen-Geiger_Map_KHM_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_KHM_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Koppen-Geiger_Map_KHM_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_KHM_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> map of Cambodia</figcaption></figure> Cambodia's climate, like that of the rest of Southeast Asia, is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Monsoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Monsoons">monsoons</a>, which are known as tropical wet and dry because of the distinctly marked seasonal differences.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Cambodia has a temperature range from 21 to 35 °C (70 to 95 °F) and experiences tropical monsoons. Southwest monsoons blow inland bringing moisture-laden winds from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a> and Indian Ocean from May to October. The northeast monsoon ushers in the dry season, which lasts from November to April. The country experiences the heaviest precipitation from September to October with the driest period occurring from January to February.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Development_Research_Centre" title="International Development Research Centre">International Development Research Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="The United Nations">The United Nations</a>, Cambodia is considered Southeast Asia's most vulnerable country to the effects of climate change, alongside the Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> Nearly all provinces in Cambodia are <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Cambodia" title="Climate change in Cambodia">affected by climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> Rural coastal populations are particularly at risk. <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_in_Cambodia" title="Water supply in Cambodia">Shortages of clean water</a>, extreme flooding, mudslides, higher sea levels and potentially destructive storms are of particular concern, according to the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance. Climate change has also had a major impact on water levels, ecology and productivity of the <a href="/wiki/Tonl%C3%A9_Sap" title="Tonlé Sap">Tonlé Sap</a> in recent years, affecting the food security and agriculture of a large proportion of Cambodia's population.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> Cambodia has two distinct seasons. The rainy season, which runs from May to October, can see temperatures drop to 22 °C (72 °F) and is generally accompanied with high humidity. The dry season lasts from November to April when temperatures can rise up to 40 °C (104 °F) around April. Disastrous flooding occurred in 2001 and again in 2002, with some degree of flooding almost every year.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Severe flooding also affected 17 provinces in Cambodia during the <a href="/wiki/2020_Pacific_typhoon_season" title="2020 Pacific typhoon season">2020 Pacific typhoon season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity_and_conservation">Biodiversity and conservation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cambodia" title="Wildlife of Cambodia">Wildlife of Cambodia</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Cambodia" title="List of protected areas of Cambodia">List of protected areas of Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monkey_Mother_and_Child_-_Phnom_Pros_(Man_Hill)_-_Outside_Kampong_Cham_-_Cambodia_(48354787692).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Monkey_Mother_and_Child_-_Phnom_Pros_%28Man_Hill%29_-_Outside_Kampong_Cham_-_Cambodia_%2848354787692%29.jpg/220px-Monkey_Mother_and_Child_-_Phnom_Pros_%28Man_Hill%29_-_Outside_Kampong_Cham_-_Cambodia_%2848354787692%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Monkey_Mother_and_Child_-_Phnom_Pros_%28Man_Hill%29_-_Outside_Kampong_Cham_-_Cambodia_%2848354787692%29.jpg/330px-Monkey_Mother_and_Child_-_Phnom_Pros_%28Man_Hill%29_-_Outside_Kampong_Cham_-_Cambodia_%2848354787692%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Monkey_Mother_and_Child_-_Phnom_Pros_%28Man_Hill%29_-_Outside_Kampong_Cham_-_Cambodia_%2848354787692%29.jpg/440px-Monkey_Mother_and_Child_-_Phnom_Pros_%28Man_Hill%29_-_Outside_Kampong_Cham_-_Cambodia_%2848354787692%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2572" data-file-height="3540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Macaques" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaques">Macaques</a> at Phnom Pros, <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Cham_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Cham Province">Kampong Cham Province</a></figcaption></figure> Cambodia's <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> is largely founded on its <a href="/wiki/Seasonal_tropical_forest" title="Seasonal tropical forest">seasonal tropical forests</a>, containing some <a href="/wiki/List_of_trees_of_Cambodia" title="List of trees of Cambodia">180 recorded tree species</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Riparian" class="mw-redirect" title="Riparian">riparian</a> ecosystems. There are 212 <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> species, 536 bird species, 240 <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptile</a> species, 850 freshwater fish species (<a href="/wiki/Tonle_Sap" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonle Sap">Tonle Sap</a> Lake area), and 435 marine fish species recorded by science. Much of this biodiversity is contained around the Tonle Sap Lake and the surrounding biosphere.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tonle_Sap_Biosphere_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve">Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve</a> is a reserve surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Tonle_Sap" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonle Sap">Tonle Sap</a> lake. It encompasses the lake and nine provinces: <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Thom_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Thom Province">Kampong Thom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Siem Reap Province">Siem Reap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battambang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Battambang Province">Battambang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pursat_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pursat Province">Pursat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Chhnang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Chhnang Province">Kampong Chhnang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banteay_Meanchey_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Banteay Meanchey Province">Banteay Meanchey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pailin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pailin">Pailin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oddar_Meanchey_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Oddar Meanchey Province">Oddar Meanchey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preah_Vihear_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Preah Vihear Province">Preah Vihear</a>. In 1997, it was successfully nominated as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Biosphere_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere Reserve">Biosphere Reserve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> Other key habitats include the evergreen and dry <a href="/wiki/Dipterocarp_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipterocarp forest">Dipterocarp forests</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mondolkiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondolkiri">Mondolkiri</a> province, protected by <a href="/wiki/Keo_Seima_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary">Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Prich_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary">Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mondulkiri_Protected_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondulkiri Protected Forest">Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Ratanakiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratanakiri">Ratanakiri</a> province, and the <a href="/wiki/Cardamom_Mountains" title="Cardamom Mountains">Cardamom Mountains</a> ecosystem, including <a href="/wiki/Preah_Monivong_National_Park" title="Preah Monivong National Park">Preah Monivong National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botum-Sakor_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Botum-Sakor National Park">Botum-Sakor National Park</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Aural_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary">Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Samkos_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary">Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Fund_for_Nature" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldwide Fund for Nature">Worldwide Fund for Nature</a> recognises six distinct <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_ecoregions" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrestrial ecoregions">terrestrial ecoregions</a> in Cambodia – the <a href="/wiki/Cardamom_Mountains_rain_forests" title="Cardamom Mountains rain forests">Cardamom Mountains rain forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Indochina_dry_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Indochina dry forest">Central Indochina dry forest</a>, Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forest, Southern <a href="/wiki/Annamite_Range" title="Annamite Range">Annamite Range</a> tropical forest, Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forest, and Tonle Sap-Mekong peat <a href="/wiki/Swamp_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Swamp forest">swamp forest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cascade_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_sacr%C3%A9e_(Phnom_Kulen)_(6825025205).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cascade_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_sacr%C3%A9e_%28Phnom_Kulen%29_%286825025205%29.jpg/220px-Cascade_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_sacr%C3%A9e_%28Phnom_Kulen%29_%286825025205%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cascade_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_sacr%C3%A9e_%28Phnom_Kulen%29_%286825025205%29.jpg/330px-Cascade_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_sacr%C3%A9e_%28Phnom_Kulen%29_%286825025205%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cascade_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_sacr%C3%A9e_%28Phnom_Kulen%29_%286825025205%29.jpg/440px-Cascade_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_sacr%C3%A9e_%28Phnom_Kulen%29_%286825025205%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Waterfall at <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Kulen" title="Phnom Kulen">Phnom Kulen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prey_Lang_Forest_Aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prey_Lang_Forest_Aerial.jpg/220px-Prey_Lang_Forest_Aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prey_Lang_Forest_Aerial.jpg/330px-Prey_Lang_Forest_Aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prey_Lang_Forest_Aerial.jpg/440px-Prey_Lang_Forest_Aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prey_Lang" class="mw-redirect" title="Prey Lang">Prey Lang</a> Forest</figcaption></figure> The rate of <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Cambodia" title="Deforestation in Cambodia">deforestation in Cambodia</a> is one of the highest in the world and it is often perceived as the most destructive, singular environmental issue in the country.<a href="#cite_note-GreenList-118">[116]</a> Cambodia's <a href="/wiki/Primary_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary forest">primary forest</a> cover fell from over 70% in 1969 to just 3.1% in 2007. Since 2007, less than 3,220 km2 (1,243 sq mi) of primary forest remain with the result that the future <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> of the forest reserves of Cambodia is under severe threat.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> In 2010–2015, the annual rate of deforestation was 1.3%. The environmental degradation also includes national parks and wildlife sanctuaries on a large scale and many endangered and endemic species are now threatened with extinction due to loss of habitats. Reasons for the deforestation in Cambodia range from opportunistic <a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">illegal loggings</a> to large scale clearings from big construction projects and agricultural activities. The deforestation involves the local population, Cambodian businesses and authorities as well as transnational corporations from all over the world.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> Plans for <a href="/wiki/Hydropower_in_the_Mekong_River_Basin" title="Hydropower in the Mekong River Basin">hydroelectric development</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Mekong_Subregion" title="Greater Mekong Subregion">Greater Mekong Subregion</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> in particular, pose a "real danger to the food supply of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and Cambodia. Upstream dams will imperil the fish stocks that provide the vast majority of Cambodia's protein and could also denude the Mekong River of the silt Vietnam needs for its rice basket." The rich fisheries of <a href="/wiki/Tonle_Sap" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonle Sap">Tonle Sap</a>, the largest freshwater lake in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, largely supply the impoverished country's protein. The lake all but disappears in the dry season and then expands massively as water flow from the Mekong backs up when the rains come. "Those fish are so important for their livelihoods, both economically and nutritionally", said Gordon Holtgrieve, a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>; he points out that none of the dams that are either built or being built on the Mekong river "are pointing at good outcomes for the fisheries".<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> In the 2010s, the Cambodian government and educational system has increased its involvement and co-operation with both national and international environmental groups.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> A new National Environmental Strategy and Action Plan (NESAP) for Cambodia is to be implemented from late 2016 to 2023 and contains new ideas for how to incite a <a href="/wiki/Green_growth" title="Green growth">green</a> and environmentally <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainable</a> growth for the country.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Cambodia" title="Administrative divisions of Cambodia">Administrative divisions of Cambodia</a></div> The autonomous municipality (reach thani) and provinces (khaet) of Cambodia are first-level administrative divisions. Cambodia is divided into 25 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Cambodia" title="Provinces of Cambodia">provinces</a> including the autonomous municipality. Municipalities and districts are the second-level administrative divisions of Cambodia. The provinces are subdivided into 159 districts and 26 municipalities. The districts and municipalities in turn are further divided into communes (khum) and quarters (sangkat). <table cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;"> <th scope="col" style="width:3px;">Number </th> <th scope="col" style="width:120px;">Province </th> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;">Capital </th> <th scope="col" style="width:60px;">Area (km2) </th> <th scope="col" style="width:80px;">Population (2019)<a href="#cite_note-Census_2019-128">[126]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banteay_Meanchey_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Banteay Meanchey Province">Banteay Meanchey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serei_Saophoan_Municipality" title="Serei Saophoan Municipality">Serei Saophoan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">6,679</td> <td style="text-align:right">861,883 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battambang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Battambang Province">Battambang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battambang_Municipality" title="Battambang Municipality">Battambang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">11,702</td> <td style="text-align:right">997,169 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Cham_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Cham Province">Kampong Cham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Cham_Municipality" title="Kampong Cham Municipality">Kampong Cham</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,549</td> <td style="text-align:right">899,791 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Chhnang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Chhnang Province">Kampong Chhnang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Chhnang_Municipality" title="Kampong Chhnang Municipality">Kampong Chhnang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">5,521</td> <td style="text-align:right">527,027 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Speu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Speu Province">Kampong Speu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chbar_Mon_Municipality" title="Chbar Mon Municipality">Chbar Mon</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">7,017</td> <td style="text-align:right">877,523 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Thom_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Thom Province">Kampong Thom</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stueng_Saen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Stueng Saen Municipality">Stung Saen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">13,814</td> <td style="text-align:right">681,549 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampot_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampot Province">Kampot</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampot_Municipality" title="Kampot Municipality">Kampot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,873</td> <td style="text-align:right">593,829 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kandal_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandal Province">Kandal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ta_Khmau_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta Khmau Municipality">Ta Khmau</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3,179</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,201,581 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kep_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kep Province">Kep</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kep_Municipality" title="Kep Municipality">Kep</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">336</td> <td style="text-align:right">42,665 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koh_Kong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Koh Kong Province">Koh Kong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khemarak_Phoumin_Municipality" title="Khemarak Phoumin Municipality">Khemarak Phoumin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">10,090</td> <td style="text-align:right">125,902 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krati%C3%A9_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kratié Province">Kratié</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krati%C3%A9_Municipality" title="Kratié Municipality">Kratié</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">11,094</td> <td style="text-align:right">374,755 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mondulkiri_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondulkiri Province">Mondulkiri</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senmonorom_Municipality" title="Senmonorom Municipality">Senmonorom</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">14,288</td> <td style="text-align:right">92,213 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oddar_Meanchey_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Oddar Meanchey Province">Oddar Meanchey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samraong_Municipality" title="Samraong Municipality">Samraong</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">6,158</td> <td style="text-align:right">276,038 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pailin_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pailin Province">Pailin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pailin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pailin District">Pailin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">803</td> <td style="text-align:right">75,112 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">679</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,281,951 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sihanoukville_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihanoukville Province">Preah Sihanouk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Preah_Sihanouk_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Preah Sihanouk Municipality">Preah Sihanouk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,938</td> <td style="text-align:right">310,072 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Preah_Vihear_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Preah Vihear Province">Preah Vihear</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Preah_Vihear_Municipality" title="Preah Vihear Municipality">Preah Vihear</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">13,788</td> <td style="text-align:right">254,827 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pursat_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pursat Province">Pursat</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pursat_Municipality" title="Pursat Municipality">Pursat</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">12,692</td> <td style="text-align:right">419,952 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prey_Veng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Prey Veng Province">Prey Veng</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prey_Veng_Municipality" title="Prey Veng Municipality">Prey Veng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,883</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,057,720 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ratanakiri_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratanakiri Province">Ratanakiri</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banlung_Municipality" title="Banlung Municipality">Banlung</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">10,782</td> <td style="text-align:right">217,453 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Siem Reap Province">Siem Reap</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Siem Reap Municipality">Siem Reap</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">10,299</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,014,234 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stung_Treng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Stung Treng Province">Stung Treng</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stung_Treng_Municipality" title="Stung Treng Municipality">Stung Treng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">11,092</td> <td style="text-align:right">165,713 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Svay_Rieng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Svay Rieng Province">Svay Rieng</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Svay_Rieng_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Svay Rieng Municipality">Svay Rieng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,966</td> <td style="text-align:right">525,497 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tak%C3%A9o_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Takéo Province">Takéo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doun_Kaev_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Doun Kaev Municipality">Doun Kaev</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3,563</td> <td style="text-align:right">900,914 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tboung_Khmum_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tboung Khmum Province">Tboung Khmom</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suong_Municipality" title="Suong Municipality">Suong</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">5,250</td> <td style="text-align:right">776,841 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <th><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Provincial_Boundaries_in_Cambodia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Provincial_Boundaries_in_Cambodia.svg/691px-Provincial_Boundaries_in_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="691" height="524" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Provincial_Boundaries_in_Cambodia.svg/1037px-Provincial_Boundaries_in_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Provincial_Boundaries_in_Cambodia.svg/1382px-Provincial_Boundaries_in_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cambodia" title="Politics of Cambodia">Politics of Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cambodia" title="List of political parties in Cambodia">List of political parties in Cambodia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norodom_king_of_Cambodia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Norodom_king_of_Cambodia.jpg/220px-Norodom_king_of_Cambodia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Norodom_king_of_Cambodia.jpg/330px-Norodom_king_of_Cambodia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Norodom_king_of_Cambodia.jpg/440px-Norodom_king_of_Cambodia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">Norodom Sihamoni</a>, King of Cambodia</figcaption></figure> National politics in Cambodia take place within the framework of the nation's <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Cambodia">constitution of 1993</a>. The government is a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> operated as a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Prime Minister of Cambodia</a>, currently <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Cambodia">King of Cambodia</a> (currently <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">Norodom Sihamoni</a>) is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. The prime minister is appointed by the king, on the advice and with the approval of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Cambodia">National Assembly</a>. The prime minister and the ministerial appointees exercise <a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">executive power</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">Legislative powers</a> are shared by the executive and the <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Parliament of Cambodia</a> (សភាតំណាងរាស្ត្រ, sâphéa tâmnang réastrâ), which consists of a lower house, the National Assembly (រដ្ឋសភា, rôdthâsâphéa) and an upper house, the Senate (ព្រឹទ្ធសភា, prœ̆tthôsâphéa). Members of the 123-seat National Assembly are elected through a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> and serve for a maximum term of five years. The Senate has 61 seats, two of which are appointed by the king and two others by the National Assembly, and the rest elected by the <a href="/wiki/Commune_Council_(Cambodia)" title="Commune Council (Cambodia)">commune councillors</a> from the 24 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Cambodia" title="Provinces of Cambodia">provinces of Cambodia</a>. Senators serve six-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> On 14 October 2004, King <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">Norodom Sihamoni</a> was selected by a special nine-member <a href="/wiki/Royal_Council_of_the_Throne" title="Royal Council of the Throne">Royal Throne Council</a>, part of a selection process that was quickly put in place after the abdication of King <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a> a week prior. Sihamoni's selection was endorsed by Prime Minister Hun Sen and National Assembly Speaker Prince <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Ranariddh" title="Norodom Ranariddh">Norodom Ranariddh</a> (the king's half-brother and current chief advisor), both members of the throne council. He was enthroned in Phnom Penh on 29 October 2004.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Officially a multiparty democracy, in reality, "the country remain[ed] a one-party state dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_People%27s_Party" title="Cambodian People's Party">Cambodian People's Party</a> and Prime Minister Hun Sen, a recast <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> official in power since 1985. The open doors to new investment during his reign have yielded the most access to a coterie of cronies of his and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Bun_Rany" title="Bun Rany">Bun Rany</a>", according to Megha Bahree, a writer on <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> Cambodia's government has been described by Human Rights Watch's Southeast Asian director, David Roberts, as a "relatively authoritarian coalition via a superficial democracy".<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-131">[129]</a> Prime Minister Hun Sen vowed to rule until he turned 74.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-92">[90]</a> His government was regularly accused[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">by whom?</a>] of ignoring human rights and suppressing political dissent. The <a href="/wiki/2013_Cambodian_general_election" title="2013 Cambodian general election">2013 election</a> results were disputed by the opposition, leading to demonstrations in the capital. Demonstrators were injured and killed in Phnom Penh where a reported 20,000 protesters gathered, with some clashing with riot police.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> From a humble farming background, Hun Sen was just 33 when he took power in 1985, and was by some[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] considered a long-ruling <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> Hun Sen was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a> as Prime Minister in August 2023 following an election that was deemed by independent and foreign media and politicians to be neither free nor fair.<a href="#cite_note-:01-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:03-7">[7]</a> Hun Sen remains the de facto ruler of Cambodia through his continued leadership of the Cambodian People's Party.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2024_Cambodian_Senate_election" title="2024 Cambodian Senate election">2024 Senate election</a>, Hun Sen became president of the Senate, a role which gives him the power to sign off on laws in the King's absence.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> Since the 2017 crackdowns on political dissent and free press, Cambodia has been described[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">by whom?</a>] as a de facto <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cambodia" title="Foreign relations of Cambodia">Foreign relations of Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_met_with_Prime_Minister_Hun_Sen_of_Cambodia_at_the_margins_of_2022_ASEAN_Summit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/President_Biden_met_with_Prime_Minister_Hun_Sen_of_Cambodia_at_the_margins_of_2022_ASEAN_Summit.jpg/240px-President_Biden_met_with_Prime_Minister_Hun_Sen_of_Cambodia_at_the_margins_of_2022_ASEAN_Summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/President_Biden_met_with_Prime_Minister_Hun_Sen_of_Cambodia_at_the_margins_of_2022_ASEAN_Summit.jpg/360px-President_Biden_met_with_Prime_Minister_Hun_Sen_of_Cambodia_at_the_margins_of_2022_ASEAN_Summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/President_Biden_met_with_Prime_Minister_Hun_Sen_of_Cambodia_at_the_margins_of_2022_ASEAN_Summit.jpg/480px-President_Biden_met_with_Prime_Minister_Hun_Sen_of_Cambodia_at_the_margins_of_2022_ASEAN_Summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Then-prime minister Hun Sen meets with US president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> during the 2022 ASEAN Summit in Phnom Penh</figcaption></figure> The foreign relations of Cambodia are handled by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Cooperation_(Cambodia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Cambodia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> under <a href="/wiki/Prak_Sokhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Prak Sokhon">Prak Sokhon</a>. Cambodia is a member of the United Nations, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a> (ADB), <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a>, and joined the <a href="/wiki/WTO" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">WTO</a> in 2004. In 2005 Cambodia attended the inaugural <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a> in Malaysia.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Cambodia has established <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic relations">diplomatic relations</a> with numerous countries; the government reports twenty embassies in the country<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> including many of its Asian neighbours and those of important players during the Paris peace negotiations, including the US, Australia, Canada, China, the European Union (EU), Japan, and Russia.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> As a result of its international relations, various charitable organisations have assisted with social, economic, and <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil</a> infrastructure needs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Manet_of_Cambodia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Manet_of_Cambodia.jpg/220px-PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Manet_of_Cambodia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Manet_of_Cambodia.jpg/330px-PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Manet_of_Cambodia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Manet_of_Cambodia.jpg/440px-PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Manet_of_Cambodia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1687" /></a><figcaption>Prime minister Hun Manet with Japanese prime minister <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a>, 18 December 2023</figcaption></figure> While the violent ruptures of the 1970s and 1980s have passed, several <a href="/wiki/Border_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Border dispute">border disputes</a> between Cambodia and its neighbours persist. There are disagreements over some offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam and undefined <a href="/wiki/Maritime_boundary" title="Maritime boundary">maritime boundaries</a>. Cambodia and Thailand also have border disputes, with troops <a href="/wiki/Cambodian-Thai_border_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian-Thai border dispute">clashing over land</a> immediately adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Preah_Vihear_Temple" title="Preah Vihear Temple">Preah Vihear temple</a> in particular, leading to a deterioration in relations. Most of the territory belongs to Cambodia, but a combination of Thailand disrespecting international law, Thai troops upbuild in the area and lack of resources for the Cambodian military have left the situation unsettled since 1962.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> Cambodia and China have cultivated ties in the 2010s. A Chinese company with the support of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> built a deep-water seaport along 90 km (56 mi) stretch of Cambodian coastline of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a> in <a href="/wiki/Koh_Kong_province" title="Koh Kong province">Koh Kong province</a>; the port is sufficiently deep to be used by cruise ships, <a href="/wiki/Bulk_carrier" title="Bulk carrier">bulk carriers</a> or warships. Cambodia's diplomatic support has been invaluable to Beijing's <a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="Territorial disputes in the South China Sea">effort to claim disputed areas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>. Because Cambodia is a member of ASEAN, and because under ASEAN rules "the objections of one member can thwart any group initiative", Cambodia is diplomatically useful to China as a counterweight to southeast Asian nations that have closer ties to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Kynge-144">[142]</a> Cambodia is the 70th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Cambodian Armed Forces">Royal Cambodian Armed Forces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Cambodian_Army_soldiers,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Royal_Cambodian_Army_soldiers%2C_2014.jpg/220px-Royal_Cambodian_Army_soldiers%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Royal_Cambodian_Army_soldiers%2C_2014.jpg/330px-Royal_Cambodian_Army_soldiers%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Royal_Cambodian_Army_soldiers%2C_2014.jpg/440px-Royal_Cambodian_Army_soldiers%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Royal Cambodian Army officers marching</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Army" title="Royal Cambodian Army">Royal Cambodian Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Navy" title="Royal Cambodian Navy">Royal Cambodian Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Air_Force" title="Royal Cambodian Air Force">Royal Cambodian Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gendarmerie_of_Cambodia" title="Royal Gendarmerie of Cambodia">Royal Gendarmerie</a> collectively form the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Cambodia">Royal Cambodian Armed Forces</a>, under the command of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Cambodia)" title="Ministry of National Defence (Cambodia)">Ministry of National Defence</a>, presided over by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Prime Minister of Cambodia</a>. His Majesty King Norodom Sihamoni is the Supreme Commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF), and the country's Prime Minister Hun Sen effectively holds the position of <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The introduction of a revised command structure early in 2000 was a key prelude to the reorganisation of the Cambodian military. This saw the defence ministry form three subordinate general departments responsible for logistics and finance, materials and technical services, and defence services under the High Command Headquarters (HCHQ). The minister of National Defense is General <a href="/wiki/Tea_Banh" title="Tea Banh">Tea Banh</a>. The Secretaries of State for Defense are <a href="/wiki/Chay_Saing_Yun" title="Chay Saing Yun">Chay Saing Yun</a> and Por Bun Sreu.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2010, the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces comprised about 102,000 active personnel (200,000 reserve). Total Cambodian military spending stands at 3% of national GDP. The Royal Gendarmerie of Cambodia total more than 7,000 personnel. Its civil duties include providing security and public peace, to investigate and prevent organised crime, terrorism, and other violent groups; to protect state and private property; to help and assist civilians and other emergency forces in a case of emergency, natural disaster, civil unrest, and armed conflicts.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Hun Sen has accumulated highly centralised power in Cambodia, including a praetorian guard that 'appears to rival the capabilities of the country's regular military units', and is allegedly used by Hun Sen to quell political opposition.'<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Cambodia signed the UN <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_culture">Political culture</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_(2024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg/220px-%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg/330px-%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg/440px-%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="1042" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a> succeeded his father Hun Sen as prime minister in August 2023.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_People%27s_Party" title="Cambodian People's Party">Cambodian People's Party</a> (CPP) is the sole dominant-party in Cambodia. The CPP currently commands 120 of the 125 seats in the National Assembly and 55 of 62 seats in the Senate.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Hun Sen and his government have seen much controversy. Hun Sen was a former Khmer Rouge commander who was originally installed by the Vietnamese and, after the Vietnamese left the country, maintains his <a href="/wiki/Strongman_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strongman (politics)">strong man</a> position by violence and oppression when deemed necessary.<a href="#cite_note-HRWAdams-148">[146]</a> In 1997, fearing the growing power of his co-prime minister, Prince Norodom Ranariddh, Hun launched a <a href="/wiki/1997_Cambodian_Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 Cambodian Coup">coup</a>, using the army to purge Ranariddh and his supporters. Ranariddh was ousted and fled to Paris while other opponents of Hun Sen were arrested, tortured, and some summarily executed.<a href="#cite_note-HRWAdams-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> In addition to <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cambodia" title="Human rights in Cambodia">political oppression</a>, the Cambodian government has been accused of corruption in the sale of vast areas of land to foreign investors resulting in the eviction of thousands of villagers<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> as well as taking bribes in exchange for grants to exploit Cambodia's oil wealth and mineral resources.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> Cambodia is consistently listed as one of the most corrupt governments in the world.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> currently recognises one <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_conscience" title="Prisoner of conscience">prisoner of conscience</a> in the country: 33-year-old land rights activist <a href="/wiki/Yorm_Bopha" title="Yorm Bopha">Yorm Bopha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-yorm-155">[153]</a> Journalists covering a protest over disputed election results in Phnom Penh on 22 September 2013 say they were deliberately attacked by police and men in plain clothes, with slingshots and stun guns. The attack against the president of the Overseas Press Club of Cambodia, Rick Valenzuela, was captured on video. The violence came amid political tensions as the opposition boycotted the opening of <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a> due to concerns about electoral fraud. Seven reporters sustained minor injuries while at least two Cambodian protesters were hit by slingshot projectiles and hospitalised.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> In 2017, Cambodia's Supreme Court dissolved the main opposition party, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia_National_Rescue_Party" title="Cambodia National Rescue Party">Cambodia National Rescue Party</a> (CNRP), paving the way for a return to a yet more authoritarian political system.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption">Corruption</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Cambodia" title="Corruption in Cambodia">Corruption in Cambodia</a></div> The level of <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a> in Cambodia exceeds most countries in the world. Despite adopting an 'Anti-Corruption Law' in 2010, corruption prevails throughout the country. Corruption affects the judiciary, the police, and other state institutions. Favouritism by government officials and impunity is commonplace. Lack of a clear distinction between the courts and the executive branch of government also makes for a deep politicisation of the judicial system.<a href="#cite_note-globalwitness.org-158">[156]</a> Examples of areas where Cambodians encounter corrupt practices in their everyday lives include obtaining medical services, dealing with alleged traffic violations, and pursuing fair court verdicts. Companies deal with extensive red tape when obtaining licenses and permits, especially construction-related permits, and the demand for and supply of bribes are commonplace in this process. The 2010 Anti-Corruption Law provided no protection to whistle-blowers, and whistle-blowers can be jailed for up to 6 months if they report corruption that cannot be proven.<a href="#cite_note-globalwitness.org-158">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_profession">Legal profession</h3></div> The Cambodian legal profession was established in 1932. By 1978, due to the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> regime, the entire legal system was eradicated. Judges and lawyers were executed after being deemed "class enemies" and only 6–12 legal professionals actually survived and remained in the country.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> Lawyers did not reappear until 1995 when the Bar Association of the Kingdom of Cambodia was created.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cambodia" title="Human rights in Cambodia">Human rights in Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kem_Sokha_with_Sam_Rainsy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kem_Sokha_with_Sam_Rainsy.jpg/220px-Kem_Sokha_with_Sam_Rainsy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kem_Sokha_with_Sam_Rainsy.jpg/330px-Kem_Sokha_with_Sam_Rainsy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kem_Sokha_with_Sam_Rainsy.jpg/440px-Kem_Sokha_with_Sam_Rainsy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Cambodia's deputy opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Kem_Sokha" title="Kem Sokha">Kem Sokha</a> (left) has been arrested in September 2017, while opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rainsy" title="Sam Rainsy">Sam Rainsy</a> (right) has lived in exile since November 2015.</figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/US_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US State Department">US State Department</a> report says "forces under Hun Sen and the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_People%27s_Party" title="Cambodian People's Party">Cambodian People's Party</a> have committed frequent and large-scale abuses, including extrajudicial killings and torture, with impunity".<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> According to the 2016 Global Slavery Index, an estimated 256,800 people are <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Asia" title="Slavery in Asia">enslaved</a> in modern-day Cambodia, or 1.65% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Land_Management,_Urban_Planning_and_Construction_(Cambodia)" title="Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (Cambodia)">Forced land evictions</a> by senior officials, security forces, and government-connected business leaders are commonplace in Cambodia.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> Land has been confiscated from hundreds of thousands of Cambodians over more than a decade for the purpose of self-enrichment and maintaining power of various groups of special interests.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> Credible non-governmental organisations estimate that "770,000 people have been adversely affected by land grabbing covering at least four million hectares (nearly 10 million acres) of land that have been confiscated", says Paris-based <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Human_Rights" title="International Federation for Human Rights">International Federation for Human Rights</a> (FIDH).<a href="#cite_note-rfa.org-166">[164]</a> On 14 March 2018, the UN expert on the human rights situation in Cambodia "expressed serious concerns about restrictions on the media, freedom of expression and political participation ahead of a national election in July".<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> Some critics of the government have been <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation#Efforts_to_combat_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">arrested</a> for allegedly spreading <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a> about the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia">COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cambodia" title="Economy of Cambodia">Economy of Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GPD_per_capita_development_of_Cambodia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/GPD_per_capita_development_of_Cambodia.jpg/305px-GPD_per_capita_development_of_Cambodia.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/GPD_per_capita_development_of_Cambodia.jpg/458px-GPD_per_capita_development_of_Cambodia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/GPD_per_capita_development_of_Cambodia.jpg/610px-GPD_per_capita_development_of_Cambodia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>Real GPD per capita development of Cambodia</figcaption></figure> In 2017, Cambodia's per capita income is $4,022 in PPP and $1,309 in nominal per capita. The United Nations designates Cambodia as a <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Least developed country">least developed country</a>. Most rural households depend on agriculture and its related sub-sectors. <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a>, fish, timber, garments, and rubber are Cambodia's major exports. The <a href="/wiki/International_Rice_Research_Institute" title="International Rice Research Institute">International Rice Research Institute</a> (IRRI) reintroduced more than 750 traditional rice varieties to Cambodia from its rice seed bank in the Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> These varieties had been collected in the 1960s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Based on the Economist, IMF: <a href="/wiki/Annual_average_GDP_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="Annual average GDP growth">Annual average GDP growth</a> for the period 2001–2010 was 7.7% making it one of the world's top ten countries with the highest annual average GDP growth. Tourism was Cambodia's fastest-growing industry, with arrivals increasing from 219,000 in 1997 to over 2 million in 2007. In 2004, inflation was at 1.7% and exports at US$1.6 billion.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siem_Reap_Art_Center_Night_Market,_2018_(06).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Siem_Reap_Art_Center_Night_Market%2C_2018_%2806%29.jpg/220px-Siem_Reap_Art_Center_Night_Market%2C_2018_%2806%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Siem_Reap_Art_Center_Night_Market%2C_2018_%2806%29.jpg/330px-Siem_Reap_Art_Center_Night_Market%2C_2018_%2806%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Siem_Reap_Art_Center_Night_Market%2C_2018_%2806%29.jpg/440px-Siem_Reap_Art_Center_Night_Market%2C_2018_%2806%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5401" data-file-height="3597" /></a><figcaption>Food stands in <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a></figcaption></figure> Oil and natural gas deposits found beneath Cambodia's territorial waters in 2005 yield great potential but remain mostly untapped, due in part to territorial disputes with <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambodia%27s_rice_fields.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cambodia%27s_rice_fields.jpg/220px-Cambodia%27s_rice_fields.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cambodia%27s_rice_fields.jpg/330px-Cambodia%27s_rice_fields.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cambodia%27s_rice_fields.jpg/440px-Cambodia%27s_rice_fields.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paddy_field" title="Paddy field">Paddy field</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Siem Reap Province">Siem Reap Province</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Cambodia" title="National Bank of Cambodia">National Bank of Cambodia</a> is the central bank of the kingdom and provides regulatory oversight to the country's banking sector and is responsible in part for increasing the foreign direct investment in the country. Between 2010 and 2012 the number of regulated banks and micro-finance institutions increased from 31 covered entities to over 70 individual institutions underlining the growth within the Cambodian banking and finance sector.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2012, Credit Bureau Cambodia was established with direct regulatory oversight by the National Bank of Cambodia.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> The Credit Bureau further increases the transparency and stability within the Cambodian Banking Sector as all banks and microfinance companies are now required by law to report accurate facts and figures relating to loan performance in the country. One of the largest challenges facing Cambodia is still the fact that the older population often lacks education, particularly in the countryside, which suffers from a lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid, although there has been significant aid from bilateral and multilateral donors. Donors pledged $504 million to the country in 2004,<a href="#cite_note-CIACB-85">[83]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a> alone has provided $850 million in loans, grants, and technical assistance.<a href="#cite_note-ADB-174">[172]</a> Bribes are often demanded from companies operating in Cambodia when obtaining licences and permits, such as construction-related permits.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battambang_Provinz_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Battambang_Provinz_01.jpg/220px-Battambang_Provinz_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Battambang_Provinz_01.jpg/330px-Battambang_Provinz_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Battambang_Provinz_01.jpg/440px-Battambang_Provinz_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>Farmers harvesting rice in <a href="/wiki/Battambang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Battambang Province">Battambang Province</a></figcaption></figure> Cambodia ranked among the worst places in the world for organised labour in the 2015 <a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="International Trade Union Confederation">International Trade Union Confederation</a> (ITUC) Global Rights Index, landing in the category of countries with "no guarantee of rights".'<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> In April 2016, Cambodia's National Assembly has adopted a Law on Trade Unions. "The law was proposed at a time when workers have been staging sustained protests in factories and in the streets demanding wage increases and improvements in their working conditions".<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> The concerns about Cambodia's new law are shared not only by labour and rights groups but international organisations more generally. The <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organisation</a> (ILO) Country Office for Thailand, Cambodia and Lao PDR, has noted that the law has "several key concerns and gaps".<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textiles">Textiles</h3></div> The garment industry represents the largest portion of Cambodia's manufacturing sector, accounting for 80% of the country's exports. In 2012, the exports grew to $4.61 billion up 8% over 2011. In the first half of 2013, the garment industry reported exports worth $1.56 billion.<a href="#cite_note-investvine-179">[177]</a> The sector employs 335,400 workers, of which 91% are female.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Better Factories Cambodia was created in 2001 as a unique partnership between the ILO and the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group. The programme engages with workers, employers, and governments to improve working conditions and boost the competitiveness of the garment industry.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> On 18 May 2018, the Project Advisory Committee (PAC) of the ILO Better Factories Cambodia Programme met in Phnom Penh to provide input into the draft conclusions and recommendations of the BFC's independent mid-term evaluation, as well as to discuss options on how to further strengthen the programme's transparent reporting initiative. The members of the PAC concurred with the findings of the evaluation related to the impact the programme has had on the Cambodian garment sector and workers, including: a. contributing to sustained overall growth of the garment industry b. improving the lives of at least half a million Cambodian workers of factories in the BFC programme and many more of their family members; c. ensuring that workers receive correct wages and social protection benefits d. virtually eliminating child labour in the sector e. making Cambodia's garment factories safer overall f. creating a "level playing field" for labour across garment sector g. influencing business practices through (1) using factory data to highlight areas for improvement and (2) being a core part of risk management strategies of international brands/buyers.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2019)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cambodia" title="Tourism in Cambodia">Tourism in Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angkor_Wat_Tourists.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Angkor_Wat_Tourists.jpg/220px-Angkor_Wat_Tourists.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Angkor_Wat_Tourists.jpg/330px-Angkor_Wat_Tourists.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Angkor_Wat_Tourists.jpg/440px-Angkor_Wat_Tourists.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Every year, nearly 2.6 million<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> tourists visit <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a>, Cambodia.</figcaption></figure> The tourism industry is the country's second-greatest source of <a href="/wiki/Hard_currency" title="Hard currency">hard currency</a> after the textile industry.<a href="#cite_note-USDOS3-79">[77]</a> International visitor arrivals in 2018 topped six million, a ten-fold increase since the beginning of the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> Tourism employs 26% of the country's workforce, which translates into roughly 2.5 million jobs for Cambodians.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> Besides Phnom Penh and Angkor Wat, other tourist destinations include <a href="/wiki/Sihanoukville_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihanoukville (city)">Sihanoukville</a> in the southwest which has several popular beaches, and <a href="/wiki/Battambang" title="Battambang">Battambang</a> in the northwest, both of which are popular stops for backpackers who make up a significant portion of visitors to Cambodia.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> The area around <a href="/wiki/Kampot_(city)" title="Kampot (city)">Kampot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kep,_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kep, Cambodia">Kep</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Bokor_Hill_Station" title="Bokor Hill Station">Bokor Hill Station</a> are also of interest to visitors. Tourism has increased steadily each year in the relatively stable period since the 1993 <a href="/wiki/UNTAC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNTAC">UNTAC</a> elections.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boats_at_the_sandy_beach_of_the_Rabbit_Island_Koh_Tonsay_Cambodia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Boats_at_the_sandy_beach_of_the_Rabbit_Island_Koh_Tonsay_Cambodia.jpg/220px-Boats_at_the_sandy_beach_of_the_Rabbit_Island_Koh_Tonsay_Cambodia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Boats_at_the_sandy_beach_of_the_Rabbit_Island_Koh_Tonsay_Cambodia.jpg/330px-Boats_at_the_sandy_beach_of_the_Rabbit_Island_Koh_Tonsay_Cambodia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Boats_at_the_sandy_beach_of_the_Rabbit_Island_Koh_Tonsay_Cambodia.jpg/440px-Boats_at_the_sandy_beach_of_the_Rabbit_Island_Koh_Tonsay_Cambodia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Rabbit Island <a href="/wiki/Koh_Tonsay" title="Koh Tonsay">Koh Tonsay</a> in Cambodia.</figcaption></figure> Most international arrivals in 2018 were Chinese. Tourism receipts exceeded US$4.4 billion in 2018, accounting for almost ten percent of the kingdom's gross national product. The Angkor Wat historical park in <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Siem Reap Province">Siem Reap Province</a>, the beaches in Sihanoukville, the capital city Phnom Penh, and Cambodia's 150 casinos (up from just 57 in 2014)<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> are the main attractions for foreign tourists. Cambodia's reputation as a safe destination for tourism has been hindered by civil and political unrest<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> and several high-profile examples of serious crime committed against tourists visiting the kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> Cambodia's tourist souvenir industry employs many people around the main places of interest. The quantity of souvenirs produced is insufficient to face the increasing number of tourists. Most products sold to tourists on the markets are imported from China, Thailand, and Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cambodia" title="Agriculture in Cambodia">Agriculture in Cambodia</a></div> Agriculture is the mainstay of the Cambodian economy. Agriculture accounted for 90 per cent of <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> in 1985 and employed approximately 80 per cent of the workforce. <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> is the principal commodity. Major secondary crops include <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet potatoes">sweet potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bambara_groundnut" class="mw-redirect" title="Bambara groundnut">groundnuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesame_seed" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seed">sesame seeds</a>, dry beans, and <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a>. The principal commercial crop is rubber. In the 1980s it was an important primary commodity, second only to rice, and one of the country's few sources of foreign exchange.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cambodia" title="Transport in Cambodia">Transport in Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_4_to_Sihanouk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Road_4_to_Sihanouk.JPG/220px-Road_4_to_Sihanouk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Road_4_to_Sihanouk.JPG/330px-Road_4_to_Sihanouk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Road_4_to_Sihanouk.JPG/440px-Road_4_to_Sihanouk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1562" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption>National Highway 4</figcaption></figure> The civil war and neglect severely damaged Cambodia's transport system. With assistance from other countries, Cambodia has been upgrading the main highways to international standards and most are vastly improved from 2006.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Most main roads are now paved. Cambodia has two rail lines, totalling about 612 kilometres (380 miles) of single, one-metre (3-foot-3-inch) gauge track.<a href="#cite_note-CamRail-195">[193]</a> The lines run from the capital to Sihanoukville on the southern coast. Trains are again running to and from the Cambodian capital and popular destinations in the south. After 14 years, regular rail services between the two cities restarted recently – offering a safer option than road for travellers.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> Trains also run from Phnom Penh to <a href="/wiki/Sisophon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisophon">Sisophon</a> (although trains often run only as far as <a href="/wiki/Battambang" title="Battambang">Battambang</a>). As of 1987, only one passenger train per week operated between Phnom Penh and Battambang but a US$141 million project, funded mostly by the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>, has been started to revitalise the languishing rail system that will "(interlink) Cambodia with major industrial and logistics centres in Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh City".<a href="#cite_note-CamRail-195">[193]</a> Besides the main inter-provincial traffic artery connecting Phnom Penh with Sihanoukville, resurfacing a former dirt road with concrete/asphalt and bridging five major river crossings have now permanently connected Phnom Penh with <a href="/wiki/Koh_Kong_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Koh Kong (city)">Koh Kong</a>, and hence there is now uninterrupted road access to neighbouring Thailand and its road network.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phnom_Penh_Airport_Shuttle_Train.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Phnom_Penh_Airport_Shuttle_Train.jpg/220px-Phnom_Penh_Airport_Shuttle_Train.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Phnom_Penh_Airport_Shuttle_Train.jpg/330px-Phnom_Penh_Airport_Shuttle_Train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Phnom_Penh_Airport_Shuttle_Train.jpg/440px-Phnom_Penh_Airport_Shuttle_Train.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Phnom Penh airport shuttle train</figcaption></figure> Cambodia's road traffic accident rate is high by world standards. In 2004, the number of road fatalities per 10,000 vehicles was ten times higher in Cambodia than in the developed world, and the number of road deaths had doubled in the preceding three years.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> Cambodia's extensive inland waterways were important historically in international trade. The <a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Mekong</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tonle_Sap_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonle Sap River">Tonle Sap River</a>, their numerous tributaries, and the Tonle Sap provided avenues of considerable length, including 3,700 kilometres (2,300 miles) navigable all year by craft drawing 0.6 metres (2.0 feet) and another 282 kilometres (175 miles) navigable to craft drawing 1.8 metres (5.9 feet).<a href="#cite_note-CNTRYDTA-198">[196]</a> Cambodia has two major ports, Phnom Penh and Sihanoukville, and five minor ones. Phnom Penh, at the junction of the <a href="/wiki/Bassac_River" title="Bassac River">Bassac</a>, the Mekong, and the Tonle Sap Rivers, is the only <a href="/wiki/River_port" class="mw-redirect" title="River port">river port</a> capable of receiving 8,000-<a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a> ships during the wet season and 5,000-ton ships during the dry season. With increasing economic activity has come an increase in automobile use, though motorcycles still predominate.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> "Cyclo" (as hand-me-down French) or <a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaws</a> were popular in the 1990s but are increasingly replaced by remorques (carriages attached to motorcycles) and rickshaws imported from India. Cyclos are unique to Cambodia in that the cyclist sits behind the passenger seat.<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> Cambodia has three commercial airports. In 2018, they handled a record of 10 million passengers.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh_International_Airport" title="Phnom Penh International Airport">Phnom Penh International Airport</a> is the busiest airport in Cambodia. <a href="/wiki/Angkor_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Angkor International Airport">Siem Reap-Angkor International Airport</a> is the second busiest, and serves the most international flights in and out of Cambodia. <a href="/wiki/Sihanouk_International_Airport" title="Sihanouk International Airport">Sihanouk International Airport</a>, is in the coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Sihanoukville_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihanoukville (city)">Sihanoukville</a>. <a href="/wiki/Techo_International_Airport_(Cambodia)" title="Techo International Airport (Cambodia)">Techo International Airport</a>, intended to replace the existing Phnom Penh International Airport as the city's main airport, is currently under construction. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Cambodia" title="Science and technology in Cambodia">Science and technology in Cambodia</a></div> A National Committee for Science and Technology representing 11 ministries has been in place since 1999. Although seven ministries are responsible for the country's 33 public universities, the majority of these institutions come under the umbrella of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_Towards_2030-202">[200]</a> In 2010, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports approved a Policy on Research Development in the Education Sector. This move represented the first step towards a national approach to research and development across the university sector and the application of research for the purposes of national development.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_Towards_2030-202">[200]</a> This policy was followed by the country's first National Science and Technology Master Plan 2014–2020. It was officially launched by the Ministry of Planning in December 2014, as the culmination of a two-year process supported by the <a href="/wiki/Korea_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Korea International Cooperation Agency">Korea International Cooperation Agency</a>. The plan makes provision for establishing a science and technology foundation to promote industrial innovation, with a particular focus on agriculture, primary industry and ICTs.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_Towards_2030-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> Cambodia was ranked 103rd in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cambodia" title="Energy in Cambodia">Energy in Cambodia</a></div> Cambodia has high potential for developing <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> resources. Even though the country has not attracted much international investment in renewable energy by 2020, the country serves as a model to learn from for other ASEAN countries in terms of conducting solar power auctions.<a href="#cite_note-:0-205">[203]</a> To attract more investment in renewable energy, the government could improve renewable energy governance, adopt clear targets, develop an effective regulatory framework, improve project bankability and facilitate market entry for international investors.<a href="#cite_note-:0-205">[203]</a> Cambodia is highly vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change and it is advised that the country focuses more on developing renewable energy as part of climate change mitigation measures.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cambodia" title="Demographics of Cambodia">Demographics of Cambodia</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1962</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,728,771</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,600,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1994</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,900,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.94%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,700,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.96%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1998</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">11,437,656</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2004</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,800,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.89%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2008</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,395,682</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2013</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,700,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2019</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,552,211</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.94%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">National Institute of Statistics: General Population Census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019, Chapter 2, p. 6<a href="#cite_note-Census_2019-128">[126]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The French protectorate of Cambodia condudcted its first official census in 1921. Only men aged 20 to 60 were counted, as its purpose was for the collection of taxes.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> After the 1962 population census was conducted, Cambodia's civil conflicts and instability lead to a 36-year-long gap before the country could have another official census in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> As of 2010, half of the Cambodian population is younger than 22 years old. At a 1.04 female to male ratio, Cambodia has the most female-biased sex ratio in the Greater Mekong Subregion.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> Among the Cambodian population aged over 65, the female to male ratio is 1.6:1.<a href="#cite_note-CIACB-85">[83]</a> The total fertility rate in Cambodia was 2.5 children per woman in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> The fertility rate was 4.0 children in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-CDHS-211">[209]</a> Women in urban areas have 2.2 children on average, compared with 3.3 children per woman in rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-CDHS-211">[209]</a> Fertility is highest in <a href="/wiki/Mondulkiri_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondulkiri Province">Mondol Kiri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ratanakiri_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratanakiri Province">Rattanak Kiri</a> Provinces, where women have an average of 4.5 children, and lowest in Phnom Penh where women have an average of 2.0 children.<a href="#cite_note-CDHS-211">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia" title="Ethnic groups in Cambodia">Ethnic groups in Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambodia_ethnic_map_colors_more_distinct.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cambodia_ethnic_map_colors_more_distinct.png/220px-Cambodia_ethnic_map_colors_more_distinct.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cambodia_ethnic_map_colors_more_distinct.png/330px-Cambodia_ethnic_map_colors_more_distinct.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cambodia_ethnic_map_colors_more_distinct.png/440px-Cambodia_ethnic_map_colors_more_distinct.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2109" /></a><figcaption>An ethnic map of Cambodia</figcaption></figure> The vast majority of Cambodia's population is of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> origin (95.8%) who are speakers of the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer language</a>, the country's sole official language. Cambodia's population is largely homogeneous. Its minority groups include <a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Chams</a> (1.8%), <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a> (0.5%) and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cambodian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Cambodian">Chinese</a> (0.6%).<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-census2019main-213">[211]</a> The largest ethnic group, the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmers</a> are indigenous to the lowland Mekong subregion in which they inhabit. The Khmers historically have lived near the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekong River">lower Mekong River</a> in a contiguous diagonal arc, from where modern-day Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia meet in the northwest, all the way to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekong River">Mekong River</a> in southeastern Vietnam.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Vietnamese are the second-largest ethnic minority in Cambodia, with an estimated 16,000 living in provinces concentrated in the southeast of the country adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a>. Although the Vietnamese language has been determined to be a <a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Khmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon–Khmer">Mon–Khmer</a> language, there are very few cultural connections between the two peoples because the early Khmers were influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian cultural sphere">Indian cultural sphere</a> while the Vietnamese are part of the <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_Chinese_literary_culture" title="Adoption of Chinese literary culture">Chinese cultural sphere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-David_Chandler_2000-214">[212]</a> Ethnic tensions between the Khmer and the Vietnamese can be traced to the <a href="/wiki/Post-Angkor_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Angkor Period">Post-Angkor Period</a> (from the 16th to 19th centuries), during which time a nascent <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> each attempted to vassalise a weakened post-Angkor Cambodia, and effectively dominate all of <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-David_Chandler_2000-214">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cambodian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Cambodian">Chinese Cambodians</a> are approximately 0.6% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-census2019main-213">[211]</a> Most Chinese are descended from 19th–20th-century settlers who came in search of trade and commerce opportunities during the time of the <a href="/wiki/French_Protectorate_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="French Protectorate of Cambodia">French protectorate</a>. Most are urban dwellers, engaged primarily in commerce.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The indigenous ethnic groups of the mountains are known collectively as Montagnards or <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Loeu" title="Khmer Loeu">Khmer Loeu</a>, a term meaning "Highland Khmer". They are descended from neolithic migrations of Mon–Khmer speakers via southern China and <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> speakers from insular Southeast Asia. Being isolated in the highlands, the various Khmer Loeu groups were not Indianized like their Khmer cousins and consequently are culturally distant from modern Khmers and often from each other, observing many pre-Indian-contact customs and beliefs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Cham are descended from the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a> people of <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a>, a former kingdom on the coast of central and southern present-day Vietnam and former rival to the Khmer Empire. The Cham in Cambodia number under a million and often maintain separate villages in the southeast of the country. Almost all Cham in Cambodia are Muslims.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities">Largest cities</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Cambodia">List of cities in Cambodia</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Cambodia" title="Template:Largest cities of Cambodia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Cambodia" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Cambodia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Cambodia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Cambodia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Cambodia <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">2019 Census<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Cambodia">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Cambodia" title="Provinces of Cambodia">Province</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Cambodia">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Cambodia" title="Provinces of Cambodia">Province</a> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Phnom_Penh_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phnom Penh"><img alt="Phnom Penh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Phnom_Penh_sunset.jpg/120px-Phnom_Penh_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Phnom_Penh_sunset.jpg/180px-Phnom_Penh_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Phnom_Penh_sunset.jpg/240px-Phnom_Penh_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5087" data-file-height="3391" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a> <a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Siem_Reap.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Siem Reap"><img alt="Siem Reap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/View_of_Siem_Reap.jpg/120px-View_of_Siem_Reap.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/View_of_Siem_Reap.jpg/180px-View_of_Siem_Reap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/View_of_Siem_Reap.jpg/240px-View_of_Siem_Reap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%93" class="mw-redirect" title="–">–</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,281,951</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chbar_Mon_(town)" title="Chbar Mon (town)">Chbar Mon</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Speu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Speu Province">Kampong Speu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">50,359 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Battambang-Kambodscha-Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battambang"><img alt="Battambang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Battambang-Kambodscha-Skyline.jpg/120px-Battambang-Kambodscha-Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Battambang-Kambodscha-Skyline.jpg/180px-Battambang-Kambodscha-Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Battambang-Kambodscha-Skyline.jpg/240px-Battambang-Kambodscha-Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Battambang" title="Battambang">Battambang</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Crossroads_centrum_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sisophon"><img alt="Sisophon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Crossroads_centrum_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Crossroads_centrum_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Crossroads_centrum_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Crossroads_centrum_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Crossroads_centrum_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Crossroads_centrum_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Serei_Saophoan_(city)" title="Serei Saophoan (city)">Sisophon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Siem Reap Province">Siem Reap</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">245,494</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bavet_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavet Municipality">Bavet</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Svay_Rieng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Svay Rieng Province">Svay Rieng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,783 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Battambang" title="Battambang">Battambang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Battambang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Battambang Province">Battambang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">119,251</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Doun_Kaev_(town)" title="Doun Kaev (town)">Doun Kaev</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tak%C3%A9o_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Takéo Province">Takéo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,402 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Serei_Saophoan_(city)" title="Serei Saophoan (city)">Sisophon</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Banteay_Meanchey_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Banteay Meanchey Province">Banteay Meanchey</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">99,019</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Svay_Rieng_(town)" title="Svay Rieng (town)">Svay Rieng</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Svay_Rieng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Svay Rieng Province">Svay Rieng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,424 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Poipet" title="Poipet">Poipet</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Banteay_Meanchey_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Banteay Meanchey Province">Banteay Meanchey</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">98,934</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Chhnang_(city)" title="Kampong Chhnang (city)">Kampong Chhnang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Chhnang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Chhnang Province">Kampong Chhnang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,080 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ta_Khmau_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta Khmau Municipality">Ta Khmau</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kandal_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandal Province">Kandal</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">75,629</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Cham_(city)" title="Kampong Cham (city)">Kampong Cham</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Cham_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Cham Province">Kampong Cham</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">38,365 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sihanoukville_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihanoukville (city)">Sihanoukville</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sihanoukville_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihanoukville Province">Preah Sihanouk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">73,036</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pailin_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pailin (city)">Pailin</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pailin_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pailin Province">Pailin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">37,393 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Samraong_(town)" title="Samraong (town)">Samraong</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oddar_Meanchey_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Oddar Meanchey Province">Oddar Meanchey</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">70,944</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Prey_Veng_(city)" title="Prey Veng (city)">Prey Veng</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Prey_Veng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Prey Veng Province">Prey Veng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">36,254 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pursat" title="Pursat">Pursat</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pursat_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pursat Province">Pursat</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">58,355</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Suong" title="Suong">Suong</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tboung_Khmum_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tboung Khmum Province">Tboung Khmum</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">35,054 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Thom_city" title="Kampong Thom city">Stueng Saen</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Thom_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Thom Province">Kampong Thom</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">53,118</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kampot_(city)" title="Kampot (city)">Kampot</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kampot_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampot Province">Kampot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">32,053 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cambodia#Languages" title="Demographics of Cambodia">Demographics of Cambodia § Languages</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer language</a> is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Khmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon–Khmer">Mon–Khmer</a> subfamily of the <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic language">Austroasiatic language</a> group. <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, once the language of government in <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">Indochina</a>, is still spoken by many older Cambodians, and is also the language of instruction in some schools and universities that are funded by the government of France. There is also a French-language newspaper and some TV channels are available in French. Cambodia is a member of <a href="/wiki/La_Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="La Francophonie">La Francophonie</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_French_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian French (linguistics)">Cambodian French</a>, a remnant of the country's colonial past, is a dialect found in Cambodia and is sometimes used in government, particularly in court. Since 1993, there has been a growing use of English, which has been replacing French as the main foreign language. English is widely taught in several universities and there is also a significant press in that language, while street signs are now bilingual in Khmer and English.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> Due to this shift, mostly English is now used in Cambodia's international relationships, and it has replaced French both on Cambodia's stamps and, since 2002, on Cambodian currency.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer script</a> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/South_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Indian">South Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava script</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png/220px-Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png/330px-Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png/440px-Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pchum_Ben" title="Pchum Ben">Pchum Ben</a>, also known as "Ancestors Day", is an important religious festival celebrated by Khmer Buddhists.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Religion in Cambodia</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> is the official religion of Cambodia, practised by more than 95 per cent of the population with an estimated 4,392 monastery temples throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> Cambodian Buddhism is deeply influenced by <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and native <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a>. The close interrelationship between spirits and the community, the efficacy of <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Apotropaic">apotropaic</a> and luck-attracting actions and charms, and the possibility of manipulating one's life through contact with spiritual entities such as the "baromey" spirits originates from the native folk religion. Hinduism has left little trace beyond the magical practices of Tantricism and a host of Hindu gods now assimilated into the spirit world (for example, the important <a href="/wiki/Neak_ta" title="Neak ta">neak ta</a> spirit called <a href="/wiki/Yeay_Mao" title="Yeay Mao">Yeay Mao</a> is the modern avatar of the Hindu goddess Kali). <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a> is the religion of the majority of Chinese and Vietnamese in Cambodia. Elements of other religious practices, such as the veneration of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">folk heroes</a> and ancestors, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> mix with Chinese Buddhism are also practised. Islam is followed by about 2% of the population. There are three varieties of the religion. Two of which are practised by the <a href="/wiki/Cham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham people">Cham people</a>; the third is practiced by the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a>, who have lived in the country for generations. Cambodia's Muslim population is reported to be 80% ethnic Cham.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cambodia" title="Health in Cambodia">Health in Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_photo_essay_120801-O-ZZ999-011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Defense.gov_photo_essay_120801-O-ZZ999-011.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_120801-O-ZZ999-011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Defense.gov_photo_essay_120801-O-ZZ999-011.jpg/330px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_120801-O-ZZ999-011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Defense.gov_photo_essay_120801-O-ZZ999-011.jpg/440px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_120801-O-ZZ999-011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3766" data-file-height="2817" /></a><figcaption>Cambodian medical students watching a surgery</figcaption></figure> Cambodian <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> was 75 years in 2021,<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> a major improvement since 1995 when the average life expectancy was 55.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> Health care is offered by both public and private practitioners and research has found that trust in health providers is a key factor in improving the uptake of health care services in rural Cambodia.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> The government plans to increase the quality of healthcare in the country by raising awareness of <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>/<a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, and other diseases. Cambodia's <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rate">infant mortality rate</a> has decreased from 86 per 1,000 live births in 1998 to 24 in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> In the province with worst health indicators, <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Ratanakiri_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Health in Ratanakiri Province">Ratanakiri</a>, 22.9% of children die before age five.<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> Cambodia was once one of the most <a href="/wiki/Land_mines_in_Cambodia" title="Land mines in Cambodia">landmined</a> countries in the world. According to some estimates, unexploded <a href="/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">land mines</a> have been responsible for over 60,000 civilian deaths and thousands more maimed or injured since 1970.<a href="#cite_note-PBSORG-225">[223]</a> The number of reported landmine casualties has sharply decreased, from 800 in 2005 to 111 in 2013 (22 dead and 89 injured).<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> Adults that survive landmines often require <a href="/wiki/Amputation" title="Amputation">amputation</a> of one or more limbs and have to resort to begging for survival.<a href="#cite_note-PBSORG-225">[223]</a> Cambodia is expected to be free of land mines by 2025<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> but the social and economic legacy, including orphans and one in 290 people being an amputee,<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> is expected to affect Cambodia for years to come. In Cambodia, landmines and exploded ordnance alone have caused 44,630 injuries between 1979 and 2013, according to the Cambodia Mine/UXO Victim Information System.<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> In the 2024 Global Hunger Index (GHI), Cambodia ranks 68th out of 127 countries with sufficient data. Cambodia's GHI score is 14.7, which indicates a moderate level of hunger.<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cambodia" title="Education in Cambodia">Education in Cambodia</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Youth_and_Sport_(Cambodia)" title="Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (Cambodia)">Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports</a> is responsible for establishing national policies and guidelines for education in Cambodia. The Cambodian education system is heavily decentralised, with three levels of government, central, provincial, and district – responsible for its management. The constitution of Cambodia promulgates free compulsory education for nine years, guaranteeing the universal right to basic quality education. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Institute_of_Foreign_Languages.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Institute_of_Foreign_Languages.jpg/220px-Institute_of_Foreign_Languages.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Institute_of_Foreign_Languages.jpg/330px-Institute_of_Foreign_Languages.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Institute_of_Foreign_Languages.jpg/440px-Institute_of_Foreign_Languages.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Foreign_Languages" title="Institute of Foreign Languages">Institute of Foreign Languages</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_University_of_Phnom_Penh" title="Royal University of Phnom Penh">Royal University of Phnom Penh</a> </figcaption></figure> The 2019 Cambodian census estimated that 88.5% of the population was literate (91.1% of men and 86.2% of women).<a href="#cite_note-Census_2019-128">[126]</a> Male youth age (15–24 years) have a literacy rate of 89% compared to 86% for females.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> The education system in Cambodia continues to face many challenges, but during the past years, there have been significant improvements, especially in terms of primary net enrolment gains, the introduction of programme based-budgeting, and the development of a policy framework which helps disadvantaged children to gain access to education. The country has also significantly invested in <a href="/wiki/Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">vocational education</a>, especially in rural areas, to tackle poverty and unemployment. <a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> Two of Cambodia's most acclaimed universities are based in Phnom Penh. Traditionally, education in Cambodia was offered by the wats (Buddhist temples), thus providing education exclusively for the male population.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> regime, education suffered significant setbacks. Education has also suffered setbacks from <a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Cambodia" title="Child labour in Cambodia">child labour</a>, A study by Kim (2011) reports that most employed children in Cambodia are enrolled in school but their employment is associated with late school entry, negative impacts on their learning outcomes, and increased drop out rates.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> With respect to academic performance among Cambodian primary school children, research showed that parental attitudes and beliefs played a significant role.<a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Cambodia" title="Crime in Cambodia">Crime in Cambodia</a></div> In 2017, Cambodia had a homicide rate of 2.4 per 100,000 population.<a href="#cite_note-UNODC-237">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Cambodia" title="Prostitution in Cambodia">Prostitution is illegal in Cambodia</a> but yet appears to be prevalent. In a series of 1993 interviews of women about prostitution, three quarters of the interviewees found being a prostitute to be a <a href="/wiki/Norm_(social)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norm (social)">norm</a> and a profession they felt was not shameful having.<a href="#cite_note-Barry_1-238">[236]</a> That same year, it was estimated that there were about 100,000 sex workers in Cambodia.<a href="#cite_note-Barry_1-238">[236]</a> On 18 August 2019, Prime Minister Hun Sen signed a directive banning the Finance Ministry from issuing new online gambling licenses, while operators currently holding online licenses would only be allowed to continue operating until those licenses expire. The directive cited the fact that "some foreigners have used this form of gambling to cheat victims inside and outside the country" as justifying the new policy.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> Cambodia had issued over 150 such licenses before the new policy was announced.<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cambodia" title="Culture of Cambodia">Culture of Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preah_Ko_Preah_Keo" title="Preah Ko Preah Keo">Preah Ko Preah Keo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg/220px-Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg/330px-Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>The 19th-century illustration tale of <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_literature" title="Cambodian literature">Vorvong & Sorvong</a></figcaption></figure> Various factors contribute to the Cambodian culture including <a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhism">Theravada Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="French culture">French colonialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkorian</a> culture, and modern <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalisation</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Fine_Arts,_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, Cambodia">Cambodian Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts</a> is responsible for promoting and developing Cambodian culture. Cambodian culture not only includes the culture of the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Krom" title="Khmer Krom">lowland</a> ethnic majority, but also some 20 culturally distinct hill tribes colloquially known as the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Loeu" title="Khmer Loeu">Khmer Loeu</a>, a term coined by <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a> to encourage unity between the highlanders and lowlanders. Rural Cambodians wear a <a href="/wiki/Krama" title="Krama">krama</a> scarf which is a unique aspect of <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian clothing">Cambodian clothing</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sampeah" title="Sampeah">sampeah</a> is a traditional Cambodian greeting or a way of showing respect to others. Khmer culture, as developed and spread by the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer empire">Khmer empire</a>, has distinctive styles of dance, architecture, and sculpture, which have been exchanged with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> throughout history. <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a> (Angkor means "city" and Wat means "temple") is the best-preserved example of Khmer architecture from the Angkorian era along with hundreds of other temples that have been discovered in and around the region. Traditionally, the Khmer people have a recorded information on <a href="/wiki/Palm-leaf_manuscript" title="Palm-leaf manuscript">Tra leaves</a>. Tra leaf books record legends of the Khmer people, the Ramayana, the origin of Buddhism and other prayer books. They are taken care of by wrapping in cloth to protect from moisture and the climate.<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boat_Racing_Bon_Om_Touk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Boat_Racing_Bon_Om_Touk.jpg/220px-Boat_Racing_Bon_Om_Touk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Boat_Racing_Bon_Om_Touk.jpg/330px-Boat_Racing_Bon_Om_Touk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Boat_Racing_Bon_Om_Touk.jpg/440px-Boat_Racing_Bon_Om_Touk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Boat racing during <a href="/wiki/Bon_Om_Touk" title="Bon Om Touk">Bon Om Touk</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bon_Om_Touk" title="Bon Om Touk">Bon Om Touk</a> (Cambodian Water & Moon Festival), the annual boat rowing contest, is the most attended Cambodian national festival. Held at the end of the rainy season when the Mekong River begins to sink back to its normal levels allowing the <a href="/wiki/Tonle_Sap_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonle Sap River">Tonle Sap River</a> to reverse flow, approximately 10% of Cambodia's population attends this event each year to play games, give thanks to the moon, watch fireworks, dine, and attend the boat race in a carnival-type atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-KMGOV-242">[240]</a> Popular games include soccer, kicking a sey, which is similar to a <a href="/wiki/Footbag" class="mw-redirect" title="Footbag">footbag</a>, and chess. Based on the classical Indian solar calendar and Theravada Buddhism, the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_New_Year" title="Cambodian New Year">Cambodian New Year</a> is a major holiday that takes place in April. Recent artistic figures include singers <a href="/wiki/Sinn_Sisamouth" title="Sinn Sisamouth">Sinn Sisamouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ros_Serey_Sothea" title="Ros Serey Sothea">Ros Serey Sothea</a> (and later <a href="/wiki/Preap_Sovath" title="Preap Sovath">Preap Sovath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sokun_Nisa" title="Sokun Nisa">Sokun Nisa</a>), who introduced new musical styles to the country. Every year, Cambodians visit <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagodas</a> across the country to mark the <a href="/wiki/Pchum_Ben" title="Pchum Ben">Pchum Ben</a> (Ancestors' Day). During the 15-day festival, people offer prayers and food to the spirits of their dead relatives. For most Cambodians, it is a time to remember their relatives who died during the 1975–1979 <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> regime.<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Cambodia">Cuisine of Cambodia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:186px;max-width:186px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:245px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Num_Banh_Chok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Num_Banh_Chok.jpg/184px-Num_Banh_Chok.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Num_Banh_Chok.jpg/276px-Num_Banh_Chok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Num_Banh_Chok.jpg/368px-Num_Banh_Chok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Num_banhchok" title="Num banhchok">Num banhchok</a></div></div></div></div> Rice is the staple grain, as in other Southeast Asian countries. Fish from the Mekong and <a href="/wiki/Tonl%C3%A9_Sap" title="Tonlé Sap">Tonlé Sap</a> rivers is also an important part of the diet. The supply of fish and fish products for food and trade as of 2000<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambodia&action=edit">[update]</a> was 20 kilograms (44 pounds) per person or 2 <a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois" title="Avoirdupois">ounces</a> per day per person.<a href="#cite_note-EARTH-244">[242]</a> Some of the fish can be made into <a href="/wiki/Prahok" title="Prahok">prahok</a> for longer storage. The <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Cambodia">cuisine of Cambodia</a> contains tropical fruits, soups and noodles. Key ingredients are <a href="/wiki/Kaffir_lime" title="Kaffir lime">kaffir lime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon grass">lemon grass</a>, garlic, <a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">fish sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">tamarind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oyster_sauce" title="Oyster sauce">oyster sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">coconut milk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a>. Some delicacies are <a href="/wiki/Num_banhchok" title="Num banhchok">num banhchok</a> (នំបញ្ចុក), <a href="/wiki/Fish_amok" title="Fish amok">fish amok</a> (អាម៉ុកត្រី) and aping (អាពីង). The country also boasts various distinct local street foods. French influence on Cambodian cuisine includes the Cambodian red curry with toasted <a href="/wiki/Baguette" title="Baguette">baguette</a> bread. The toasted baguette pieces are dipped in the curry and eaten. Cambodian red curry is also eaten with rice and <a href="/wiki/Rice_vermicelli" title="Rice vermicelli">rice vermicelli</a> noodles. Probably the most popular dine out dish, <a href="/wiki/Kuyteav" title="Kuyteav">kuyteav</a>, is a pork broth <a href="/wiki/Rice_noodle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice noodle">rice noodle</a> <a href="/wiki/Noodle_soup" title="Noodle soup">soup</a> with fried garlic, <a href="/wiki/Scallions" class="mw-redirect" title="Scallions">scallions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scallion" title="Scallion">green onions</a> that may also contain various toppings such as <a href="/wiki/Beef_balls" class="mw-redirect" title="Beef balls">beef balls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a>, pork liver or lettuce. Kampot pepper is reputed to be the best in the world and accompanies crab at the Kep crab shacks and squid in the restaurants on the Ou Trojak Jet river.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a> The cuisine is relatively unknown to the world compared to that of its neighbours Thailand and Vietnam. Cambodians drink plenty of tea, grown in <a href="/wiki/Mondulkiri_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondulkiri Province">Mondulkiri Province</a> and around Kirirom.<a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> te krolap is a strong tea, made by putting water and a mass of tea leaves into a small glass, placing a saucer on top, and turning the whole thing upside down to brew. When it is dark enough, the tea is decanted into another cup and plenty of sugar added, but no milk. Lemon tea te kdau kroch chhma, made with Chinese red-dust tea and lemon juice, is refreshing both hot and iced and is generally served with a hefty dose of sugar.<a href="#cite_note-roughguides.com-247">[245]</a> Regarding coffee, the beans are generally imported from Laos and Vietnam – although domestically produced coffee from <a href="/wiki/Ratanakiri_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratanakiri Province">Ratanakiri Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mondulkiri_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondulkiri Province">Mondulkiri Province</a> can be found in some places. Beans are traditionally roasted with butter and sugar, plus various other ingredients that might include anything from rum to pork fat, giving the beverage a strange, sometimes faintly chocolatey aroma.<a href="#cite_note-roughguides.com-247">[245]</a> Cambodia has several industrial breweries, located mainly in <a href="/wiki/Sihanoukville_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihanoukville Province">Sihanoukville Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>. There are also a growing number of microbreweries in <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambodia&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are 12 <a href="/wiki/Brewpub" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewpub">brewpubs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Microbrewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbrewery">microbreweries</a> in Cambodia.<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a> is a popular alcoholic drink. Its quality varies widely and it is often infused with fruits or medicinal herbs.<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> When prepared with macerated fruits or spices, like the <a href="/wiki/Sombai" title="Sombai">Sombai</a> liqueur, it is called sra tram (soaked wine).<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cambodia" title="Sport in Cambodia">Sport in Cambodia</a></div> Football (soccer) is one of the most popular sports, although professional organised sports are not as prevalent in Cambodia as in western countries because of the economic conditions. Soccer was brought to Cambodia by the French and became popular with the locals.<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cambodia_national_football_team" title="Cambodia national football team">Cambodia national football team</a> managed fourth in the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Cup_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Cup 1972">1972 Asian Cup</a>, but development has slowed since the civil war. Western sports such as basketball, volleyball, bodybuilding, field hockey, rugby union, golf, and baseball are gaining popularity. Volleyball is by far the most popular sport in the country[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. Native sports include <a href="/wiki/Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">traditional boat racing</a>, buffalo racing, <a href="/wiki/Pradal_Serey" class="mw-redirect" title="Pradal Serey">Pradal Serey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khmer_traditional_wrestling" title="Khmer traditional wrestling">Khmer traditional wrestling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bokator" title="Bokator">Bokator</a>. Cambodia first participated in the Olympics during the <a href="/wiki/Cambodia_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Cambodia at the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Summer Olympic Games</a> sending <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the Summer Olympics">equestrian</a> riders. Cambodia also hosted the <a href="/wiki/GANEFO" title="GANEFO">GANEFO</a> Games in 1966 and recently, the <a href="/wiki/SEA_Games" title="SEA Games">SEA Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/2023_SEA_Games" title="2023 SEA Games">2023</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance">Dance</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cambodia" title="Dance in Cambodia">Dance in Cambodia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:239px;max-width:239px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:237px;max-width:237px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Angkor_Wat_-_050_Apsaras_(8580603733).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Angkor_Wat_-_050_Apsaras_%288580603733%29.jpg/235px-Angkor_Wat_-_050_Apsaras_%288580603733%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Angkor_Wat_-_050_Apsaras_%288580603733%29.jpg/353px-Angkor_Wat_-_050_Apsaras_%288580603733%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Angkor_Wat_-_050_Apsaras_%288580603733%29.jpg/470px-Angkor_Wat_-_050_Apsaras_%288580603733%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Apsara dancers at <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:237px;max-width:237px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Danseuses_kmer_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG/235px-Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="235" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG/353px-Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG/470px-Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Khmer <a href="/wiki/Robam_Tep_Apsara" class="mw-redirect" title="Robam Tep Apsara">Apsara</a> dancers</div></div></div></div></div> Cambodian dance can be divided into three main categories: <a href="/wiki/Khmer_classical_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer classical dance">Khmer classical dance</a>, folk dance, and social dances. The exact origins of Khmer classical dance are disputed. Most native Khmer scholars trace modern dance forms back to the time of <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a>, seeing similarities in the temple engravings of the period, while others hold that modern Khmer dance styles were learned (or re-learned) from Siamese court dancers in the 1800s. Khmer classical dance is the form of stylised performance art established in the royal courts of Cambodia exhibited for both entertainment and ceremonial purposes.<a href="#cite_note-UnescoDance-256">[254]</a> The dances are performed by intricately costumed, highly trained men and women on public occasions for tribute, invocation or to enact traditional stories and epic poems such as <a href="/wiki/Reamker" title="Reamker">Reamker</a>, the Khmer version of the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cravath_1968-257">[255]</a> Known formally as Robam Preah Reach Troap (របាំព្រះរាជទ្រព្យ "theater of royal wealth") it is set to the music of a <a href="/wiki/Pinpeat" title="Pinpeat">pinpeat</a> ensemble accompanied by a vocal chorus. Cambodian folk dance, often performed to <a href="/wiki/Mahori" title="Mahori">mahori</a> music, celebrates the various cultural and ethnic groups of Cambodia. Folk dances originated in the villages and are performed, for the most part, by the villagers for the villagers.<a href="#cite_note-FolkDance-258">[256]</a> The movements are less stylised and the clothing worn is that of the people the dancers are portraying, such as hill tribes, <a href="/wiki/Cham_people_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham people (Asia)">Chams</a> or farmers. Typically faster-paced than classical dance, folk dances display themes of the "common person" such as love, comedy or warding off evil spirits.<a href="#cite_note-FolkDance-258">[256]</a> Social dances are those performed by guests at banquets, parties or other informal social gatherings. Khmer traditional social dances are analogous to those of other Southeast Asian nations. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">circle dances</a> <a href="/wiki/Romvong" title="Romvong">Romvong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romkbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Romkbach">Romkbach</a> as well as Saravan and Lam Leav. Modern western popular dances including <a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)" title="Cha-cha-cha (dance)">Cha-cha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Madison_(dance)" title="Madison (dance)">Madison</a>, have also influenced Cambodian social dance. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia" title="Music of Cambodia">Music of Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinn_Sisamouth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Sinn_Sisamouth.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="320" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sinn_Sisamouth" title="Sinn Sisamouth">Sinn Sisamouth</a>, a famous Cambodian singer</figcaption></figure> Traditional Cambodian music dates back as far as the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer empire">Khmer Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-umbc-259">[257]</a> Royal dances like the <a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">Apsara</a> Dance are icons of the Cambodian culture as are the Mahori ensembles that accompany them. More rural forms of music include Chapei and <a href="/wiki/Ayai" title="Ayai">Ayai</a>. The former is popular among the older generation and is most often a solo performance of a man plucking a Cambodian guitar (chapei) in between <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> verses. The lyrics usually have moral or religious theme. A Yai can be performed solo or by a man and woman and is often comedic in nature. It is a form of lyrical poetry, often full of double entendres, that can be either scripted or completely impromptu and <a href="/wiki/Ad_libitum" title="Ad libitum">ad-libbed</a>. When sung by a duo, the man and women take turns, "answering" the other's verse or posing riddles for the other to solve, with short instrumental breaks in between verses. Pleng kaah (lit. "wedding music") is a set of traditional music and songs played both for entertainment and as accompaniment for the various ceremonial parts of a traditional, days-long Khmer wedding. Cambodian popular music is performed with western style instruments or a mixture of traditional and western instruments. Dance music is composed in particular styles for social dances. The music of crooner <a href="/wiki/Sinn_Sisamouth" title="Sinn Sisamouth">Sinn Sisamouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ros_Sereysothea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ros Sereysothea">Ros Sereysothea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pen_Ran" title="Pen Ran">Pen Ran</a> from the 1960s to the 1970s is considered to be the classic pop music of Cambodia. During the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer rouge">Khmer Rouge Revolution</a>, many classic and popular singers of the 1960s and 1970s were murdered, starved to death, or overwork to death by the Khmer Rouge.<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> and many original master tapes from the period were lost or destroyed. In the 1980s, Keo Surath, (a refugee resettled in the United States) and others carried on the legacy of the classic singers, often remaking their popular songs. The 1980s and 1990s also saw the rise in popularity of <a href="/wiki/Kantrum" title="Kantrum">kantrum</a>, a music style of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Khmer_people" title="Northern Khmer people">Khmer Surin</a> set to modern instrumentation.<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> The Australian <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> group Astronomy Class has recorded with Kak Channthy, a native-born Cambodian female singer.<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-Will-263">[261]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dengue_Fever_(band)" title="Dengue Fever (band)">Dengue Fever</a> rock and roll band features a Cambodian female singer and back-up band from California. It is classified as "<a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a>" and combines Cambodian music with Western-style rock. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cambodia" title="Portal:Cambodia">Cambodia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cambodia-related_articles" title="Index of Cambodia-related articles">Index of Cambodia-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cambodia" title="Outline of Cambodia">Outline of Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmines_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Landmines in Cambodia">Landmines in Cambodia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-constitution-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constitution_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 17 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Second+Prehistoric+Archaeological+Excavation+in+Laang+Spean+%282009%29&rft.date=2009-10-20&rft.aulast=Tranet&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smartcambodia.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D841%253Athe-second-prehistoric-archaeological-excavation-in-laang-spean-2009%26catid%3D80%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110101163727/http://www.smartcambodia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=840%3Athe-oldest-ceramic-in-cambodias-laang-spean-1966-68&catid=80&lang=en">"The Oldest Ceramic in Cambodia's Laang Spean (1966–68)"</a>. 20 October 2009. 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Retrieved 17 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Oldest+Ceramic+in+Cambodia%27s+Laang+Spean+%281966%E2%80%9368%29&rft.date=2009-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smartcambodia.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D840%253Athe-oldest-ceramic-in-cambodias-laang-spean-1966-68%26catid%3D80%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-higham2001pre-34"><a href="#cite_ref-higham2001pre_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigham,_Charles2002" class="citation book cs1">Higham, Charles (January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_oZ52cuX8s4C">The civilization of Angkor</a>. 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Routledge. p. 354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136639791" title="Special:BookSources/9781136639791"><bdi>9781136639791</bdi></a>. <q>In 1691, the Vietnamese occupied Prey Nokor, renaming it Gia Dinh; in 1698 they annexed the remainder of the Mekong Delta and created two provinces, Tran Bien and Phien Tran</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+and+Oceania%3A+International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pages=354&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-11-12&rft.isbn=9781136639791&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Noelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-53"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamm1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kamm" title="Henry Kamm">Kamm, Henry</a> (1998). Cambodia Report from a Stricken Land. New York: Arcade Publishing. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55970-507-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-55970-507-8"><bdi>1-55970-507-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambodia+Report+from+a+Stricken+Land&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Arcade+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-55970-507-8&rft.aulast=Kamm&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamm-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kamm_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kamm_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kamm_54-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamm1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kamm" title="Henry Kamm">Kamm, Henry</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambodiareportfr00kamm">Cambodia: report from a stricken land</a>. New York: Arcade Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambodiareportfr00kamm/page/27">27</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55970-433-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55970-433-0"><bdi>1-55970-433-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambodia%3A+report+from+a+stricken+land&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Arcade+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-55970-433-0&rft.aulast=Kamm&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambodiareportfr00kamm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Population_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population_55-1">b</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/cambodia/40.htm">Cambodia – Population</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629180423/http://countrystudies.us/cambodia/40.htm">Archived</a> 29 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Washington Post, 29 December 1967 </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a href="#Morris">Morris</a>, p. 44, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0804730490" title="Special:BookSources/0804730490">0804730490</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Bombing in Cambodia: Hearings before the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, 93d Cong., 1st sess., July/August 1973, pp. 158–160, the primary source on the "secret bombings". </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Clymer, K. J., The United States and Cambodia, Routledge, 2004, p.22 </li> <li id="cite_note-SIHNK-60"><a href="#cite_ref-SIHNK_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorodom_Sihanouk1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mywarwithcia00noro">My War with the CIA, The Memoirs of Prince Norodom Sihanouk as related to Wilfred Burchett</a>. Pantheon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-48543-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-48543-2"><bdi>0-394-48543-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+War+with+the+CIA%2C+The+Memoirs+of+Prince+Norodom+Sihanouk+as+related+to+Wilfred+Burchett&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-394-48543-2&rft.au=Norodom+Sihanouk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmywarwithcia00noro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwenKiernan2006" class="citation journal cs1">Owen, Taylor; Kiernan, Ben (October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420220434/http://www.yale.edu/cgp/Walrus_CambodiaBombing_OCT06.pdf">"Bombs Over Cambodia"</a> (PDF). The Walrus: 32–36. Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. <q>The evidence of survivors from many parts of [Cambodia] suggests that at least tens of thousands, probably in the range of 50,000 to 150,000 deaths, resulted from the US bombing campaigns ..."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Walrus&rft.atitle=Bombs+Over+Cambodia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.date=2006-10&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft.au=Kiernan%2C+Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Fcgp%2FWalrus_CambodiaBombing_OCT06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiernanOwen2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kiernan" title="Ben Kiernan">Kiernan, Ben</a>; Owen, Taylor (26 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apjjf.org/2015/13/16/Ben-Kiernan/4313.html">"Making More Enemies than We Kill? Calculating U.S. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications"</a>. The Asia-Pacific Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150912002843/http://www.yale.edu/cgp/Walrus_CambodiaBombing_OCT06.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Asia-Pacific+Journal&rft.atitle=Making+More+Enemies+than+We+Kill%3F+Calculating+U.S.+Bomb+Tonnages+Dropped+on+Laos+and+Cambodia%2C+and+Weighing+Their+Implications&rft.date=2015-04-26&rft.aulast=Kiernan&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Owen%2C+Taylor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F2015%2F13%2F16%2FBen-Kiernan%2F4313.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a href="#Morris">Morris</a>, pp. 48–51. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMosyakov2004" class="citation book cs1">Mosyakov, Dmitry (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309074636/http://www.yale.edu/gsp/publications/Mosyakov.doc">"The Khmer Rouge and the Vietnamese Communists: A History of Their Relations as Told in the Soviet Archives"</a>. In Cook, Susan E. (ed.). Genocide in Cambodia and Rwanda. Yale Genocide Studies Program Monograph Series No. 1. pp. 54 ff. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/gsp/publications/Mosyakov.doc">the original</a> on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2015. <q>In April–May 1970, many North Vietnamese forces entered Cambodia in response to the call for help addressed to Vietnam not by Pol Pot, but by his deputy Nuon Chea. Nguyen Co Thach recalls: 'Nuon Chea has asked for help and we have liberated five provinces of Cambodia in ten days.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Khmer+Rouge+and+the+Vietnamese+Communists%3A+A+History+of+Their+Relations+as+Told+in+the+Soviet+Archives&rft.btitle=Genocide+in+Cambodia+and+Rwanda&rft.series=Yale+Genocide+Studies+Program+Monograph+Series+No.+1&rft.pages=54+ff&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Mosyakov&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Fgsp%2Fpublications%2FMosyakov.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Short, Philip (2004) Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare, Henry Holt & Co.: New York, p. 204, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805080066" title="Special:BookSources/0805080066">0805080066</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Short, Philip (2004) Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare, Henry Holt & Co.: New York, p. 4, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805080066" title="Special:BookSources/0805080066">0805080066</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Locard-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Locard_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocard2005" class="citation journal cs1">Locard, Henri (March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031164305/http://www.paulbogdanor.com/left/cambodia/locard.pdf">"State Violence in Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979) and Retribution (1979–2004)"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/European_Review_of_History" title="European Review of History">European Review of History</a>. 12 (1): 121–143. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.8388">10.1.1.692.8388</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13507480500047811">10.1080/13507480500047811</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144712717">144712717</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paulbogdanor.com/left/cambodia/locard.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Review+of+History&rft.atitle=State+Violence+in+Democratic+Kampuchea+%281975%E2%80%931979%29+and+Retribution+%281979%E2%80%932004%29&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E143&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.692.8388%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144712717%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13507480500047811&rft.aulast=Locard&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulbogdanor.com%2Fleft%2Fcambodia%2Flocard.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAS-67"><a href="#cite_ref-CAS_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiernan2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kiernan" title="Ben Kiernan">Kiernan, Ben</a> (2003). "The Demography of Genocide in Southeast Asia: The Death Tolls in Cambodia, 1975–79, and East Timor, 1975–80". Critical Asian Studies. 35 (4): 585–597. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1467271032000147041">10.1080/1467271032000147041</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143971159">143971159</a>. <q>We may safely conclude, from known pre- and post-genocide population figures and from professional demographic calculations, that the 1975–79 death toll was between 1.671 and 1.871 million people, 21 to 24 per cent of Cambodia's 1975 population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Demography+of+Genocide+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+The+Death+Tolls+in+Cambodia%2C+1975%E2%80%9379%2C+and+East+Timor%2C+1975%E2%80%9380&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E585-%3C%2Fspan%3E597&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1467271032000147041&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143971159%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kiernan&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heuveline,_Patrick_2001-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Heuveline,_Patrick_2001_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeuveline2001" class="citation book cs1">Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises: The Case of Cambodia, 1970–1979". Forced Migration and Mortality. <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_Press" title="National Academies Press">National Academies Press</a>. pp. 102–105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-07334-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-07334-9"><bdi>978-0-309-07334-9</bdi></a>. <q>As best as can now be estimated, over two million Cambodians died during the 1970s because of the political events of the decade, the vast majority of them during the mere four years of the 'Khmer Rouge' regime. This number of deaths is even more staggering when related to the size of the Cambodian population, then less than eight million. ... Subsequent reevaluations of the demographic data situated the death toll for the [civil war] in the order of 300,000 or less.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Demographic+Analysis+of+Mortality+Crises%3A+The+Case+of+Cambodia%2C+1970%E2%80%931979&rft.btitle=Forced+Migration+and+Mortality&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E102-%3C%2Fspan%3E105&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-309-07334-9&rft.aulast=Heuveline&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> cf. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.tufts.edu/atrocityendings/2015/08/07/cambodia-u-s-bombing-civil-war-khmer-rouge/">"Cambodia: U.S. bombing, civil war, & Khmer Rouge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Foundation" title="World Peace Foundation">World Peace Foundation</a>. 7 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714181839/https://sites.tufts.edu/atrocityendings/2015/08/07/cambodia-u-s-bombing-civil-war-khmer-rouge/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cambodia%3A+U.S.+bombing%2C+civil+war%2C+%26+Khmer+Rouge&rft.pub=World+Peace+Foundation&rft.date=2015-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.tufts.edu%2Fatrocityendings%2F2015%2F08%2F07%2Fcambodia-u-s-bombing-civil-war-khmer-rouge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Stanton, Gregory H. (22 February 1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011031122/http://www.genocidewatch.org/aboutgenocide/stantoncambodianlaw.htm">The Cambodian Genocide and International Law</a>, Yale Law School. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~amamendo/KhmerRouge.html">""The Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot's Regime</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714104451/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~amamendo/KhmerRouge.html">Archived</a> 14 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mount Holyoke University. </li> <li id="cite_note-kaplan-71"><a href="#cite_ref-kaplan_71-0">^</a> Kaplan, Robert D. (1996) The Ends of the Earth, Vintage, 1996, p. 406, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0679751238" title="Special:BookSources/0679751238">0679751238</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Baker2014" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Baker (3 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=la4kBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT23">The Worst World Disasters of All Time</a>. eBookIt.com. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4566-2343-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4566-2343-2"><bdi>978-1-4566-2343-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Worst+World+Disasters+of+All+Time&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=eBookIt.com&rft.date=2014-11-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4566-2343-2&rft.au=Kevin+Baker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dla4kBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CGG-73"><a href="#cite_ref-CGG_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118064702/https://cambodiangenocide.org/definition-of-genocide">"A Brief History of the Cambodian Genocide"</a>. cambodiangenocide.org. 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Retrieved 17 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitute&rft.atitle=Cambodia+1993+%28rev.+2008%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FCambodia_2008%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahree,_Megha2014" class="citation web cs1">Bahree, Megha (24 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/meghabahree/2014/09/24/who-you-know-inc-in-cambodia-a-close-friendship-with-the-pm-leads-to-vast-wealth-for-one-power-couple/">"In Cambodia, A Close Friendship With The PM Leads To Vast Wealth For One Power Couple"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=In+Cambodia%2C+A+Close+Friendship+With+The+PM+Leads+To+Vast+Wealth+For+One+Power+Couple&rft.date=2014-09-24&rft.au=Bahree%2C+Megha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fmeghabahree%2F2014%2F09%2F24%2Fwho-you-know-inc-in-cambodia-a-close-friendship-with-the-pm-leads-to-vast-wealth-for-one-power-couple%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-131"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Roberts2016" class="citation book cs1">David Roberts (29 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SnYWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PR9">Political Transition in Cambodia 1991–99: Power, Elitism and Democracy</a>. 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Retrieved 25 August 2023. <q>Hun Sen will however retain leadership of the ruling Cambodian People's Party - a position political analysts say still gives him ultimate control.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Cambodia%3A+PM%27s+son+Hun+Manet+appointed+next+ruler+in+royal+formality&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft.aulast=Cai&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=Head%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-66391334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240403-cambodia-ex-leader-hun-sen-unanimously-voted-senate-president">"Cambodia's ex-leader Hun Sen unanimously voted in as senate president"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 3 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404023604/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240403-cambodia-ex-leader-hun-sen-unanimously-voted-senate-president">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2024. 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Newington, CT: Khmer Studies Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-941785-02-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-941785-02-5"><bdi>0-941785-02-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reninc.org/BOOKSHELF/Khmer_Folk_Dance_Sam.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Khmer+Folk+Dance&rft.place=Newington%2C+CT&rft.pub=Khmer+Studies+Institute&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-941785-02-5&rft.aulast=Sam&rft.aufirst=Sam-ang&rft.au=Sam%2C+Chan+Moly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reninc.org%2FBOOKSHELF%2FKhmer_Folk_Dance_Sam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-umbc-259"><a href="#cite_ref-umbc_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umbc.edu/eol/cambodia/histcmus.htm">"Cambodian History"</a>. www.umbc.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127015116/https://www.umbc.edu/eol/cambodia/histcmus.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cambodian+History&rft.pub=www.umbc.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.umbc.edu%2Feol%2Fcambodia%2Fhistcmus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinger2002" class="citation book cs1">Ringer, Greg (2002). Killing Fields. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 368–370.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Killing+Fields&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E368-%3C%2Fspan%3E370&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Ringer&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120818104047/http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/view/page.basic/country/content.country/cambodia_527">"Cambodia"</a>. National Geographic World Music. 17 October 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/view/page.basic/country/content.country/cambodia_527">the original</a> on 18 August 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+World+Music&rft.atitle=Cambodia&rft.date=2002-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldmusic.nationalgeographic.com%2Fview%2Fpage.basic%2Fcountry%2Fcontent.country%2Fcambodia_527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnox2013" class="citation news cs1">Knox, Claire (21 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phnompenhpost.com/7days/show-must-go-tour">"The Show Must Go On Tour"</a>. The Phnom Penh Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140112213735/http://www.phnompenhpost.com/7days/show-must-go-tour">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Phnom+Penh+Post&rft.atitle=The+Show+Must+Go+On+Tour&rft.date=2013-06-21&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phnompenhpost.com%2F7days%2Fshow-must-go-tour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Will-263"><a href="#cite_ref-Will_263-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2014" class="citation news cs1">Jackson, Will (2 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phnompenhpost.com/7days/7-questions-shannon-kennedy">"7 Questions with Shannon Kennedy"</a>. The Phnom Penh Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140724214502/http://www.phnompenhpost.com/7days/7-questions-shannon-kennedy">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Phnom+Penh+Post&rft.atitle=7+Questions+with+Shannon+Kennedy&rft.date=2014-05-02&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phnompenhpost.com%2F7days%2F7-questions-shannon-kennedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kæmˈboʊdiə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e4\/En-us-Cambodia.ogg\/En-us-Cambodia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Cambodia.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/En-us-Cambodia.ogg/En-us-Cambodia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Cambodia.ogg" title="File:En-us-Cambodia.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: កម្ពុជា; <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Khmer#UNGEGN" title="Romanization of Khmer">UNGEGN</a>: Kampuchea<a href="#cite_note-:1-14">[14]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា; <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Khmer#UNGEGN" title="Romanization of Khmer">UNGEGN</a>: Preah Reacheanachak Kampuchea </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_sources_and_further_reading">Cited sources and further reading</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Deth, Sok Udom, and Serkan Bulut, eds. Cambodia's Foreign Relations in Regional and Global Contexts (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2017; comprehensive coverage) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/35710235/CAMBODIAS_FOREIGN_RELATIONS_IN_REGIONAL_AND_GLOBAL_CONTEXTS">full book online free</a>. <ul><li>Path Kosal, "Introduction: Cambodia's Political History and Foreign Relations, 1945–1998" pp 1–26</li></ul></li> <li>Strangio, Sebastian. Cambodia: From Pol Pot to Hun Sen and Beyond (2020)</li> <li>Un, Kheang. Cambodia: Return to Authoritarianism (2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Cambodia-Authoritarianism-Elements-Politics-Southeast/dp/1108457932/">excerpt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028165548/https://www.amazon.com/Cambodia-Authoritarianism-Elements-Politics-Southeast/dp/1108457932">Archived</a> 28 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Morris" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Stephen J. (1999). Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-3049-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-3049-0"><bdi>0-8047-3049-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Vietnam+Invaded+Cambodia&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8047-3049-0&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218" /></a> This article incorporates text from a <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO 3.0. Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf">UNESCO Science Report: Towards 2030</a>, 698-713, UNESCO, UNESCO Publishing.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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/><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cambodia" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Cambodia">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cambodia" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Cambodia">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Cambodia" class="extiw" title="v:Cambodia">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cambodia" class="extiw" title="voy:Cambodia">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424" class="extiw" title="d:Q424">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/">Cambodia</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080703234535/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/cambodia.htm">Cambodia</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs (archived 3 July 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13006539">Cambodia profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/90520/Cambodia">Cambodia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Cambodia" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Cambodia">Wikimedia Atlas of Cambodia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/49898">Cambodia</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=KH">Key Development Forecasts for Cambodia</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Government</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norodomsihanouk.info/">King of Cambodia, Norodom Sihanouk</a> Official website of former King Norodom Sihanouk (in French)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061005044434/http://www.cambodia.gov.kh/unisql1/egov/english/home.view.html">"Cambodia.gov.kh"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambodia.gov.kh/unisql1/egov/english/home.frame.html">the original</a> on 5 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cambodia.gov.kh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambodia.gov.kh%2Funisql1%2Fegov%2Fenglish%2Fhome.frame.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambodia" class="Z3988"> Official Royal Government of Cambodia Website (English Version)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfaic.gov.kh/">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020202171903/http://www.mot.gov.kh/">Ministry of Tourism</a> (archived 2 February 2002)</li></ul> Civil society <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccc-cambodia.org/">Cooperation Committee for Cambodia)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101230020740/http://www.adhoc-cambodia.org/">Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association</a> (archived 30 December 2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cchrcambodia.org/">Cambodian Centre for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.licadho-cambodia.org/">Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actioniec.org/">Action IEC Working For Cambodian Community Education Through Media and Culture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2011&country=8009">Freedom in the World 2011: Cambodia</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111023143655/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2011&country=8009">Archived</a> 23 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&year=2011&country=8009">Freedom of the Press 2011: Cambodia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120107104436/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&year=2011&country=8009">Archived</a> 7 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cambodia_articles585" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cambodia_topics" title="Template:Cambodia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cambodia_topics" title="Template talk:Cambodia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cambodia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cambodia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cambodia_articles585" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambodia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cambodia-related_articles" title="Index of Cambodia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cambodia" title="History of Cambodia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cambodian_history" title="Timeline of Cambodian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Cambodia" title="Early history of Cambodia">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokor_Phnom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokor Phnom">Nokor Phnom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenla" title="Chenla">Chenla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Angkor_period" title="Post-Angkor period">Post-Angkor period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">French protectorate of Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Cambodia" title="Japanese occupation of Cambodia">Japanese occupation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Puppet state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cambodia_(1953%E2%80%931970)" title="Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)">Sihanouk era (1953–70)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Republic" title="Khmer Republic">Khmer Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Democratic Kampuchea">Democratic Kampuchea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">People's Republic of Kampuchea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea#Transition" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">State of Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Authority_in_Cambodia" title="United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia">UNTAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Cambodia" title="Modern Cambodia">Modern Cambodia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia" title="Royal arms of Cambodia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/110px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/165px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/220px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="591" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cambodia" title="Geography of Cambodia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Cambodia" title="Administrative divisions of Cambodia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Cambodia" title="Template:Borders of Cambodia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Cambodia" title="List of cities and towns in Cambodia">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Cambodia" title="Climate change in Cambodia">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Cambodia" title="Deforestation in Cambodia">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Cambodia" title="List of ecoregions in Cambodia">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Cambodia" title="List of islands of Cambodia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Cambodia" title="List of lakes of Cambodia">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tonl%C3%A9_Sap" title="Tonlé Sap">Tonlé Sap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Cambodia" title="List of protected areas of Cambodia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Cambodia" title="List of rivers of Cambodia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cambodia" title="Wildlife of Cambodia">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Cambodia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Cambodia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cambodia" title="Politics of Cambodia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Cambodia" title="Cabinet of Cambodia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cambodia" title="Elections in Cambodia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cambodia" title="Foreign relations of Cambodia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cambodia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cambodia" title="Human rights in Cambodia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Cambodia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Cambodia" title="Judiciary of Cambodia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Cambodia" title="Law of Cambodia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cambodia" title="Law enforcement in Cambodia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Cambodian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation,_Religion,_King" title="Nation, Religion, King">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cambodia" title="List of political parties in Cambodia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cambodia" title="Economy of Cambodia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cambodia" title="Agriculture in Cambodia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Cambodia" title="List of banks in Cambodia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Cambodia" title="Child labour in Cambodia">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cambodia" title="Energy in Cambodia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Cambodia" title="Economic history of Cambodia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Cambodia" title="Mineral industry of Cambodia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_of_Cambodia" title="Natural resources of Cambodia">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_riel" title="Cambodian riel">Riel (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Cambodia" title="Science and technology in Cambodia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones_of_Cambodia" title="Special Economic Zones of Cambodia">Special Economic Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cambodia" title="Telecommunications in Cambodia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cambodia" title="Tourism in Cambodia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cambodia" title="Transport in Cambodia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Cambodia" title="Category:Society of Cambodia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Cambodia" title="Crime in Cambodia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cambodia" title="Demographics of Cambodia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cambodia" title="Education in Cambodia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia" title="Ethnic groups in Cambodia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Cambodia" title="Gambling in Cambodia">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cambodia" title="Health in Cambodia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Cambodia" title="HIV/AIDS in Cambodia">HIV/AIDS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Cambodia" title="Hunting in Cambodia">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Cambodia" title="Human trafficking in Cambodia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Cambodia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Cambodia" title="Prostitution in Cambodia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Cambodia" title="Women in Cambodia">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Cambodia" title="Sex trafficking in Cambodia">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Cambodia" title="Social class in Cambodia">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization_in_Cambodia" title="Social organization in Cambodia">Social organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Cambodia" title="Squatting in Cambodia">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Cambodia" title="Youth in Cambodia">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cambodia" title="Culture of Cambodia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_architecture" title="Khmer architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_art" title="Cambodian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtship,_marriage,_and_divorce_in_Cambodia" title="Courtship, marriage, and divorce in Cambodia">Courtship, marriage, and divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodian_royal_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian royal cuisine">royal cuisine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cambodia" title="Dance in Cambodia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_inscriptions" title="Khmer inscriptions">Epigraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_jewellery" title="Khmer jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_keyboard" title="Khmer keyboard">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_literature" title="Cambodian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81str%C4%81_sleuk_rith" title="Sāstrā sleuk rith">Manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_mat" title="Cambodian mat">Mat weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Cambodia" title="Mass media in Cambodia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia" title="Music of Cambodia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kbach" title="Kbach">Ornamentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cambodia" title="Public holidays in Cambodia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cambodia" title="Sport in Cambodia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Cambodia" title="Theatre of Cambodia">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cambodia" title="Outline of Cambodia">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cambodia-related_articles" title="Index of Cambodia-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cambodia" title="Category:Cambodia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cambodia" title="Portal:Cambodia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_Cambodia96" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_Cambodia96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to Cambodia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia997" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia997" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kastellorizo" title="Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions of China</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_in_Southeast_Asia256" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Template:Countries and territories of Southeast Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Southeast Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of Southeast Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_in_Southeast_Asia256" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cambodia&#039;s_international_relationships95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cambodia_ties" title="Template:Cambodia ties"><abbr title="View this 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Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cambodia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cambodia"><img alt="Flag of Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/52px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/78px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/104px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">Group of 77</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)175" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Template talk:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Charter" title="ASEAN Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#The_Common_Effective_Preferential_Tariff_(CEPT)_scheme" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">Customs union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">Founding document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisations_associated_with_the_ASEAN" title="Organisations associated with the ASEAN">Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Cooperation_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia">Treaty of Amity and Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_ASEAN_members" title="Visa policy of ASEAN members">Visa policies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_ASEAN_Way" title="The ASEAN Way">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Song_of_Unity" title="ASEAN Song of Unity">Hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_ASEAN" title="Enlargement of ASEAN">Observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" title="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Timor-Leste_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of Timor-Leste to ASEAN">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Papua_New_Guinea_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of Papua New Guinea to ASEAN">status</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">ASEAN Summit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_ASEAN_Summits" title="2017 ASEAN Summits">2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93Republic_of_Korea_Commemorative_Summit" title="ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit">ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Commemorative_Summit" title="ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit">ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#ASEAN_Plus_Three" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Plus Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Regional_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN Regional Forum">ASEAN Regional Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Europe_Meeting" title="Asia–Europe Meeting">Asia–Europe Meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian Games">SEA Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_University_Games" title="ASEAN University Games">University Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_School_Games" title="ASEAN School Games">School Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Para_Games" title="ASEAN Para Games">Para Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Football_Federation" title="ASEAN Football Federation">Football Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFF_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="AFF Championship">Football Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Armies_Rifle_Meet" title="ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet">Armies Rifle Meet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Monetary_Unit" title="Asian Monetary Unit">Asian Monetary Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai_Initiative" title="Chiang Mai Initiative">Chiang Mai Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93China_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–China Free Trade Area">ASEAN–China Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–India Free Trade Area">ASEAN–India Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93Australia_Development_Cooperation_Program" title="ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program">ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Centre_for_Biodiversity" title="ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity">Centre for Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Asean_Regional_Forum_Disaster_Relief_Exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="The Asean Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise">Disaster Relief Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Smart_Cities_Network" title="ASEAN Smart Cities Network">Smart Cities Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Intergovernmental_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights">Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Human_Rights_Declaration" title="ASEAN Human Rights Declaration">ASEAN Human Rights Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Commission_on_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Women" title="ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women">Rights of Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Common_Time" title="ASEAN Common Time">Common Time</a></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Rise" title="ASEAN Rise">ASEAN Rise</a>'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="ASEAN–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Outstanding_Scientist_and_Technologist_Award" title="ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award">Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award</a></li> <li>Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Southeast_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Southeast Asia">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_banks_in_ASEAN" title="List of largest banks in ASEAN">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ASEAN_by_population" title="List of cities in ASEAN by population">Cities by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN countries by GDP">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_HDI" title="List of ASEAN countries by HDI">HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_and_subdivisions_by_minimum_wage" title="List of ASEAN countries and subdivisions by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Southeast_Asian_mountains" title="List of Southeast Asian mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_stock_exchanges_by_market_capitalization" title="List of ASEAN stock exchanges by market capitalization">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_country_subdivisions_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN country subdivisions by GDP">Subdivisions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_ASEAN" title="Rankings of universities in ASEAN">Universities</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation_(SCO)212" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Template:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Template talk:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation_(SCO)212" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_SCO_summit" title="2012 SCO summit">Beijing 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_SCO_summit" title="2014 SCO summit">Dushanbe 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_SCO_summit" title="2017 SCO summit">Astana 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_SCO_summit" title="2022 SCO summit">Samarkand 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_SCO_summit" title="2024 SCO summit">Astana 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_SCO_summit_(heads_of_government)" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 SCO summit (heads of government)">Islamabad 2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialogue partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambodia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /> <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applicants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Anti-Terrorist_Structure" title="Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure">Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Evils" title="Three Evils">Three Evils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO_Interbank_Consortium" title="SCO Interbank Consortium">SCO Interbank Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Land_Bridge" title="Eurasian Land Bridge">Eurasian Land Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)706" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)" title="Template:East Asia Summit (EAS)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)" title="Template talk:East Asia Summit (EAS)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Asia Summit (EAS)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)706" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a> (EAS)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_East_Asia_Summit" title="First East Asia Summit">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_East_Asia_Summit" title="Second East Asia Summit">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_East_Asia_Summit" title="Third East Asia Summit">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fourth East Asia Summit">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fifth East Asia Summit">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Sixth East Asia Summit">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_East_Asia_Summit" title="Seventh East Asia Summit">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Eighth East Asia Summit">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Ninth East Asia Summit">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Tenth East Asia Summit">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_East_Asia_Summit" title="Eleventh East Asia Summit">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Twelfth East Asia Summit">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Thirteenth East Asia Summit">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fourteenth East Asia Summit">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fifteenth East Asia Summit">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Sixteenth East Asia Summit">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Seventeenth East Asia Summit">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Eighteenth East Asia Summit">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Nineteenth East Asia Summit">19th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; padding-left:0.3em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie304" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:La_Francophonie" title="Template talk:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Special:EditPage/Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">National/regional members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French Community of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie">Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_de_Coop%C3%A9ration_Culturelle_et_Technique" title="Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique">Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_universitaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Agence universitaire de la Francophonie">Agence universitaire de la Francophonie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_French_Language_Day" title="UN French Language Day">UN French Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Francophonie_Day" title="International Francophonie Day">International Francophonie Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeux_de_la_Francophonie" title="Jeux de la Francophonie">Jeux de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_des_cinq_continents_de_la_francophonie" title="Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie">Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_des_francophones_fonctionnaires_des_organisations_internationales" title="Assemblée des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales">AFFOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in La Francophonie">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francophone_economy" title="Francophone economy">Francophone economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senghor_University" title="Senghor University">Senghor University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Category:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies295" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchies" title="Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchies" title="Template talk:Monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies295" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">List of current non-sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchy_referendums" title="List of monarchy referendums">List of monarchy referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Abolition of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy (political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">Prince regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Africa145" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Africa" title="Monarchies in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent African monarchs">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Asia" title="Monarchies in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_Asian_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">Vatican City (Holy See)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Aussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Gomma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Gumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Refreshment" title="Islands of Refreshment">Islands of Refreshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Luba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte#History" title="Mayotte">Maore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li#History" title="Mohéli">Mwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan#Early_and_colonial_history" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore#History" title="Grande Comore">Ngazidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom" title="Shilluk Kingdom">Shilluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">and other</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_(historical_polity)" title="Cebu (historical polity)">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Najran" title="Principality of Najran">Najran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_monarchy" title="Sinhalese monarchy">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikdom_of_Upper_Asir" title="Sheikdom of Upper Asir">Upper Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_South_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates of South Arabia">Emirates of South Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)" title="Kingdom of Corsica (1736)">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel#History" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmont-Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tavolara" title="Kingdom of Tavolara">Tavolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuē-Fekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva" title="Nuku Hiva">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">Raiatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa Iti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimatara" title="Rimatara">Rimatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurutu" title="Rurutu">Rurutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">princely states</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_personifications85" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_personifications" title="Template:National personifications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_personifications" title="Template talk:National personifications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_personifications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National personifications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_personifications85" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National personifications</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Afghanistan, Iran and Tajikistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rostam" title="Rostam">Rostam</a></li></ul></li> <li>Albania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Albania_(statue)" title="Mother Albania (statue)">Mother Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_the_Americas" title="Personification of the Americas">Personification of the Americas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_representations_of_Argentina" title="Allegorical representations of Argentina">Effigies of Argentina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Armenia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Armenia" title="Mother Armenia">Mother Armenia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Boy_from_Manly" title="Little Boy from Manly">Little Boy from Manly</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bangladesh <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Bangamata</a></li></ul></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Belgicus" title="Leo Belgicus">Leo Belgicus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ef%C3%ADgie_da_Rep%C3%BAblica" title="Efígie da República">Efígie da República</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cambodia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preah_Thong_and_Neang_Neak" title="Preah Thong and Neang Neak">Preah Thong and Neang Neak</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Canuck" title="Johnny Canuck">Johnny Canuck</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chile <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaso" title="Huaso">Huaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roto" title="Roto">Roto</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panda" class="mw-redirect" title="Panda">Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor" title="Jade Emperor">Jade Emperor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Croatia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Croatia" title="Mother Croatia">Mother Croatia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cechie" title="Čechie">Čechie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Va%C5%A1ek" title="Czech Vašek">Czech Vašek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Soldier_%C5%A0vejk" title="The Good Soldier Švejk">Švejk</a></li></ul></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogier_the_Dane" title="Ogier the Dane">Holger Danske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Denmark" title="Mother Denmark">Mother Denmark</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(consort_of_Zeus)" title="Europa (consort of Zeus)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_regina" title="Europa regina">Europa regina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Maiden" title="Finnish Maiden">Finnish Maiden</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_rooster" title="Gallic rooster">Gallic rooster</a></li></ul></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kartlis_Deda" title="Kartlis Deda">Kartvlis Deda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Michel" title="Deutscher Michel">Deutscher Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_(personification)" title="Germania (personification)">Germania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_(personification)" title="Hellas (personification)">Hellas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Haiti <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezili_Dantor" title="Ezili Dantor">Ezili Dantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Flon" title="Catherine Flon">Catherine Flon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Hungaria" title="Lady of Hungaria">Lady of Hungaria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iceland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Mountain" title="Lady of the Mountain">Lady of the Mountain</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Elephant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Elephant">Indian Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibu_Pertiwi" title="Ibu Pertiwi">Ibu Pertiwi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ireland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89riu" title="Ériu">Ériu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibernia_(personification)" title="Hibernia (personification)">Hibernia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Ni_Houlihan" title="Kathleen Ni Houlihan">Kathleen Ni Houlihan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srulik" title="Srulik">Srulik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italia_turrita" title="Italia turrita">Italia turrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_(personification)" title="Roma (personification)">Roma</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wanjiku" title="Wanjiku">Wanjiku</a></li></ul></li> <li>Korea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dangun" title="Dangun">Dangun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungnyeo" title="Ungnyeo">Ungnyeo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Manas" title="Epic of Manas">Manas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lebanon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abed" title="Abu Abed">Abu Abed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Malaysia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Tuah" title="Hang Tuah">Hang Tuah</a></li></ul></li> <li>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melita_(personification)" title="Melita (personification)">Melita</a></li></ul></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Maiden" title="Dutch Maiden">Dutch Maiden</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_man" title="Southern man">Southern man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia_(personification)" title="Zealandia (personification)">Zealandia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ola_Nordmann" title="Ola Nordmann">Ola Nordmann</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaheen_falcon" title="Shaheen falcon">Shaheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah" title="Fatima Jinnah">Māder-e Millat</a></li></ul></li> <li>Palestine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handala" title="Handala">Handala</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peru <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Motherland" title="Peruvian Motherland">Madre Patria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_dela_Cruz" title="Juan dela Cruz">Juan dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Clara" title="María Clara">Maria Clara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polonia_(personification)" title="Polonia (personification)">Polonia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ef%C3%ADgie_da_Rep%C3%BAblica" title="Efígie da República">Efígie da República</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9_Povinho" title="Zé Povinho">Zé Povinho</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_Russia" title="Personification of Russia">Mother Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Bear" title="Russian Bear">Russian Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Winter" title="Russian Winter">Russian Winter</a></li></ul></li> <li>Serbia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Maiden" title="Kosovo Maiden">Kosovo Maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Serbia" title="Mother Serbia">Mother Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Singapore <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merlion" title="Merlion">Merlion</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_(personification)" title="Hispania (personification)">Hispania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Svea" title="Mother Svea">Mother Svea</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thailand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siam_Devadhiraj" title="Siam Devadhiraj">Siam Devadhiraj</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Mamay" title="Cossack Mamay">Cossack Mamay</a></li></ul></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bull" title="John Bull">John Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Morewood_Staniforth#Dame_Wales" title="Joseph Morewood Staniforth">Dame Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Welsh Dragon</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Jonathan" title="Brother Jonathan">Brother Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(personification)" title="Liberty (personification)">Lady Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Justice" title="Lady Justice">Lady Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Yank" title="Billy Yank">Billy Yank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Northern states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Reb" title="Johnny Reb">Johnny Reb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Southern states</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryballs" title="Countryballs">Countryballs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberty_symbols" title="Category:Liberty symbols">Other symbols of Liberty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Cambodia27" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Cambodia27" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Cambodia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambodia</a><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404860534">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/39145857929923022213">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1207659/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJg4r3TCfqyp68WTMRDH4q">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4029400-6">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" 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<ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-6d6569b8fd-jqzns","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.460","walltime":"3.970","ppvisitednodes":{"value":29216,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":951191,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":158951,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":83,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":980397,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3304.925 1 -total"," 35.55% 1174.991 2 Template:Reflist"," 15.28% 504.934 114 Template:Cite_web"," 14.26% 471.263 1 Template:Navboxes"," 11.42% 377.277 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 10.69% 353.423 1 Template:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization"," 6.40% 211.546 57 Template:Cite_news"," 5.94% 196.439 25 Template:Citation_needed"," 5.91% 195.324 30 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