Signals, Noise and Signal processing in Particle Detectors

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">     <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <title>Signals, Noise and Signal processing in Particle Detectors - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" />    <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=en" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" /> <meta name="description" content="<p><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Aptos; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">These lectures discuss the basic processes that give rise to signals in particle detectors. The<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> first lecture</span> will summarize the main points from the 2019 lecture series on this topic (<a href="/event/843083/">https://indico.cern.ch/event/843083/</a>) and will discuss further extensions of the Ramo-Shockly theorem that are valid for the full extent of Maxwell’s equations without limitation to weak conductivity and can be e.g. used for calculation of antenna signals from cosmic rays showers in the atmosphere or in ice. The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">second lecture</span> discusses the theory of electron-hole avalanches leading to a detailed description of Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) and Single Photon Avalanche Detectors (SPADs) that are nowadays widely applied in particle physics experiments. The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">third lecture</span> will discuss the different sources of noise arising in detectors and will describe the mathematical tools for quantifying noise. The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">fourth lecture</span> will then discuss signal processing and the theory of optimum filtering. The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">fifth lecture</span> is foreseen for questions and specific topics that arise during the lectures.</span></span></p> <p> </p> Riegler, Werner" /> <meta name="keywords" content="CERN Document Server, WebSearch, CERN Document Server" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script>  <meta content="Signals, Noise and Signal processing in Particle Detectors" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="2024/10/16" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/10/16">  <meta content="Signals, Noise and Signal processing in Particle Detectors" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2913818" property="og:url" /> <meta property="og:video:height" content="360" /> <meta property="og:video:width" content="640" /> <meta property="og:video" content="https://lecturemedia.cern.ch/2024/1458894/1458894-presentation-720p-quality.mp4" /> <meta property="og:video:type" content="video/mp4" /> <meta property="og:image" content="" /> <meta name="twitter:player:height" content="360" /> <meta name="twitter:player:width" content="640" /> <link rel="image_src" href="" /> <link rel="video_src" href="https://cds.cern.ch/mediaplayer.swf?file=/1458894/1458894-presentation-720p-quality.mp4&streamer=rtmp://wowza.cern.ch:1935/vod&provider=rtmp&stretching=exactfit&image="/> <meta name="twitter:player" content="https://cds.cern.ch/video/?"/> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="These lectures discuss the basic processes that give rise to signals in particle detectors. The first lecture will summarize the main points from the 2019 lecture series on this topic (https://indico.cern.ch/event/843083/) and will discuss further extensions of the Ramo-Shockly theorem that are valid for the full extent of Maxwell’s equations without limitation to weak conductivity and can be e.g. used for calculation of antenna signals from cosmic rays showers in the atmosphere or in ice. The second lecture discusses the theory of electron-hole avalanches leading to a detailed description of Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) and Single Photon Avalanche Detectors (SPADs) that are nowadays widely applied in particle physics experiments. The third lecture will discuss the different sources of noise arising in detectors and will describe the mathematical tools for quantifying noise. The fourth lecture will then discuss signal processing and the theory of optimum filtering. The fifth lecture is foreseen for questions and specific topics that arise during the lectures. " property="og:description" />  <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="en">  <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=en&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2913818%3Fln%3Den" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=en">Your alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=en">Your baskets</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=en">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=en">Your searches</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=en" class="navtrail">Home</a> > Signals, Noise and Signal processing in Particle Detectors </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2913818/?ln=en">Information </a></li><li class="disabled"><a>Files </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px"> </div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside">  <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2913818"></abbr>  <link href="/img/download_and_embed_buttons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <style type="text/css">  .video_talk_wrapper{ max-width: 640px; 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'Less..' : 'More..'); return false; }); }); </script><table id="download_movie_box"><tr><td align="right" valign="top" id="download_movie_box_format_label">Mp4:</td><td><a id="download_movie_box_internal_link" href="https://lecturemedia.cern.ch/2024/1458894/1458894-presentation-720p-quality.mp4">720p<br/><span>(presentation)</span></a></td><td><a id="download_movie_box_internal_link" href="https://lecturemedia.cern.ch/2024/1458894/1458894-presentation-1080p-quality.mp4">1080p<br/><span>(presentation)</span></a></td><td><a id="download_movie_box_internal_link" href="https://lecturemedia.cern.ch/2024/1458894/1458894-presentation-360p-quality.mp4">270p<br/><span>(presentation)</span></a></td><td><a id="download_movie_box_internal_link" href="https://lecturemedia.cern.ch/2024/1458894/1458894-presentation-480p-quality.mp4">360p<br/><span>(presentation)</span></a></td><td><a id="download_movie_box_internal_link" href="https://lecturemedia.cern.ch/2024/1458894/1458894-presenter-1080p-quality.mp4">1080p<br/><span>(presenter)</span></a></td><td><a id="download_movie_box_internal_link" href="https://lecturemedia.cern.ch/2024/1458894/1458894-presenter-360p-quality.mp4">270p<br/><span>(presenter)</span></a></td><td><a id="download_movie_box_internal_link" href="https://lecturemedia.cern.ch/2024/1458894/1458894-presenter-480p-quality.mp4">360p<br/><span>(presenter)</span></a></td><td><a id="download_movie_box_internal_link" href="https://lecturemedia.cern.ch/2024/1458894/1458894-presenter-720p-quality.mp4">720p<br/><span>(presenter)</span></a></td></table> </div> <div id="video_detailbox_embed" style="margin:10px"> <style type="text/css"> #embed_video_box{ background-color: #EEE; border: #DDD solid 1px; margin:0 auto; width: 90%; } #embed_video_box_header{ text-align: center; font-size:small; } </style><table id="embed_video_box"> <tr><th colspan="4" id="embed_video_box_header">Copy-paste this code into your page: </th></tr> <tr><td><textarea readonly="readonly" rows="3" cols="60"><iframe width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" src="https://cds.cern.ch/video/2913818?" allowfullscreen></iframe></textarea></td></tr> </table> </div> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Author(s)</span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Riegler%2C%20Werner&ln=en">Riegler, Werner</a> (speaker) (CERN)</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Corporate <span style="white-space:nowrap;">author(s)</span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">CERN. Geneva</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2024</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Document contact </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><span style="">Contact: </span>Urs Wiedemann</td></tr>  <script type="text/javascript"> /* * Changes the Imprint title to Date - Duration as requested by RQF0820114 * This is a hack not to touch the general imprint format element */ $(document).ready(function() { var collections = 'Indico'; if (collections.indexOf('E-LEARNING') > -1) { $('.cern-imprint-label').text('Date - Duration'); } }) </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel cern-imprint-label"> Imprint </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2024-10-16</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">3456</td></tr>  <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Series </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">(<a href="/search?f=490__a&p=Academic%20Training%20Lecture%20Regular%20Programme">Academic Training Lecture Regular Programme</a> ; 2024-2025)</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Lecture note </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"> on 2024-10-16T11:00:00<br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Academic Training Lecture Regular Programme</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><p><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Aptos; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">These lectures discuss the basic processes that give rise to signals in particle detectors. The<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> first lecture</span> will summarize the main points from the 2019 lecture series on this topic (<a href="/event/843083/">https://indico.cern.ch/event/843083/</a>) and will discuss further extensions of the Ramo-Shockly theorem that are valid for the full extent of Maxwell’s equations without limitation to weak conductivity and can be e.g. used for calculation of antenna signals from cosmic rays showers in the atmosphere or in ice. The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">second lecture</span> discusses the theory of electron-hole avalanches leading to a detailed description of Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) and Single Photon Avalanche Detectors (SPADs) that are nowadays widely applied in particle physics experiments. The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">third lecture</span> will discuss the different sources of noise arising in detectors and will describe the mathematical tools for quantifying noise. The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">fourth lecture</span> will then discuss signal processing and the theory of optimum filtering. The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">fifth lecture</span> is foreseen for questions and specific topics that arise during the lectures.</span></span></p> <p> </p></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://copyright.web.cern.ch/">© 2024-2025 CERN</a></td></tr> </table> <br/><div><div style="clear: both;"> </div></div> <script type="text/javascript"> // Initially hide: $(".longCaption").hide(); // Allow to toggle visibility: $(".toggleLongCaption").toggle(function(){ $(this).siblings(".longCaption").show('fast'); var thisElem = $(this); thisElem.text(thisElem.text() === "more" ? "less" : "more"); },function(){ $(this).siblings(".longCaption").hide('fast'); var thisElem = $(this); thisElem.text(thisElem.text() === "more" ? 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Signals, Noise and Signal processing in Particle Detectors - CERN Document Server