CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.tandfonline.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91747d5d5ef4f938',cH: 'S9Np1r.NDe7Az8V3mrQJ4BXjnkioVXZKDsTdV_dulDw-1740452894-1.2.1.1-vrVo9Hhp_80.AQA9Qa0AKXS9Y_6JV5KBw5Zbkj7.oYYC3Kxz3zeak8DWCT3dEOv1',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09505430903123008?__cf_chl_tk=bH.kRDR9Vb.3eA3N2xCxM9fa7kVJrc8qS1b.6WeEjdQ-1740452894-1.0.1.1-gF.HJTPQXYUsMUp897FAbgayjjOL4M..25uUVI8dkcA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740452894',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09505430903123008?__cf_chl_f_tk=bH.kRDR9Vb.3eA3N2xCxM9fa7kVJrc8qS1b.6WeEjdQ-1740452894-1.0.1.1-gF.HJTPQXYUsMUp897FAbgayjjOL4M..25uUVI8dkcA",md: ".fJD3WOJLIa2HGGmXiCO5IwjidTaBRF1dm8IJUTQ5Hs-1740452894-1.2.1.1-D_ZSxe9xMsSCLCu1rpDi.adBsRqggi5Sahbkfu2l4oNkWewYPuINQMFdDTRkB9hj23lsE8Q.q3hqUAyOmHt.KmjpAgmfRzvTVen69jUKpZ4177CQNcshDymbZIV6QiJr25xy2_vEglHl88Ocvpa1nDPVkghnB_HLyimIScz5kM_mn4FYXX5ogsCMKlvOxXCVgARiChuefLDej9bFn84SFYQCJASLKpcmDS9RuuVA95VtQ5eHG8LJ2RK7yl87QJI0xHxEIBeajssGWEXJfLLRoYPHrvj1vPp97D5R.l8jIhbgkAHxXzY3xr5kKAJT66rttlAqX8akxZk0LpVM8Mie0bXzYpzvRlOinaSHgEKe5RDJ41tUGEtZXm87cEn977nW3ovp8hew9qvAGxYCFDHp7MhXIjhjG7uasG08qMndA8oUYb.NlkZr8Xo6H5_yr.KU8QMOPCglDr_aW2JaHqNU6tT5Hc5QhpJJZpIeleVVXOuD6vj3o_Q6xZS5guhFJRJyDWji2OuPFBcyeQLVi0UbDt.Nkw.LCPyHOL_Ety_NxxBHtJdisTPnPpQVihmbRbv.e_3s3mPGaGeLGD8ikQHlK6XhqTW1UFspvBGaM2Fgut6BBeJrECsnhFOMBrhRmBimxoYmA0jIymlYl_C0f9aZfbdByST1_K5VZh5MiAIfiE8L3EwuZZTw7PtQ4qahZ1mnmO1h1fZwyK_E4eXplyuKQmymSDqAcn7Jc4CIEzW2aX1MMi7M44ut1wR5ZnTYliQNLmQ2Vi_IhnF_qAj8W1PEpTXMp8P1QY2QeFGBeJsDe_GA3sqQnAtO7V09rMibDUhH_sQmaU7YKuFDzUZVCw94BWhzRxHoJqsZxfVQnWYVLe22BAn2jd.dHg_u8x1YxCd.B3.mKIiwNSMJIysb8apZWcXqw.W5HSSV7ilQwQSYCX19Sv9emq6AAZhnhNckIIs3xL3qn3MdXjq0iljkPmk5x.NWx2w8n3bEnWv.lMUZjWmdhiWu5C1IaQtTENP3a2cHFZLeQQ39k54tyO2JTo6siSGliyeoeJ1xT3w6sjF6IAX2D1zsodUfm6UCkZGh_wsEOwXfqYQ.qm8dGm0Sdj1wlxDiHGbnsZDy806TPG55.oW2bP.X32b4AuuzylOCHPsHV4QVvpmh6gmFrulE_HjgINYpDnf3TYIQzjg0VHeawNPW_ebBrjXJQbWVVgTX67xE9GzPYk0LRhVhSPI_O60j9IL3Ypa8KHHz1t__KTAynDoOo_i0H.z0S.6Z4UnK6j1BDARfzHW_.RhBLatliLPp7sCX6Vl6PpmDsOOY9LGfpO0lPKMc.USuuYvgM18y6ZvTEzHle8G.l280S8Fl3N4j0us_.wAwRB0CUprRyvosYTtgTJsCT4cMFubYtQk55ARRbt_OU1JMJzk_O82WMaQqCs_ds.7BXwQ9NrUuTuyEav0qU5Z8yybJLAEHjED6aY17XbiSY0mbGhmux6.WI96.1BdQ0jCRZkUXmWDevsDm0wW_QoHz60aFI_gNIKtWNQHXxrWprFgpn_xOfgduFIju9.ORtXbOBeUAbrYfHSeQpLEs1pYZFkiINMR1IMNCADiXv9ec4ftedrqv3A9FkonbaTvp2si4Ys3TVUQ2YjhtFK.UZyGLqu4dYCafgy1tp1qo_yJndnCOcZCbRx50U92axl87rPa_Np_2Ug6YKw780sBQRJGMrlxhS0NCPLmJrYr4Qnx5rafYw_8f8YKNFEPJvIJAait4kG.72clewYb7j89wsMIOMr0kK80I6uTUN6QGsXFhVb2r9r.2qyGcwsTm26eRK8x8eKo9kQx.zxu8FSCw0yzhH6d.5dI1GaNNdZHZa1y7LjUOvGDjnrRlKKV2A3wC9ErpbLQb03yTS.wsUe04L_QRHBs.y82Px_IIPiuu0TKNwFQvJiYdhfJgXymttRC3gNlLuwAU7YAbvYtPvsEz9vM4eyZ1bAbSzGgEo_e.YzWpygWu.l_SqJTKCaMi452K9q_yKOt37nMfeIddBLkgHMp_b13YH9bhnDyuVwliDD_XuB57.awuwwcdVJGWiJMbQoOR21iVlz.sbd6wmWGSzu8DdmWEfKGPcTMF7awwIRdcbcpwLJajvvXxk1LSUzXMIGKoxupsIia4ytSeE8HLSF.zPwJZG.AuZZ2YlRLWbBGElL7foYHXa1frzENlaCQNdqkOXDJpd3_plMiOELnGnFSvR7TcHs990cogZ_3n08cGnAMaYKZKZxrV37mLmspJAjFtbC2dmqLeILX49LXMyFLRS_UGSzK_FrwjBOa6bG.gyyIiDO9L2hT5ss_NvnxPXJUVAF9WiW7w.O8Qqg6AJ8LRpihjMVsecktECU9sh0P.xfq.kpUN7lHLxi2QM7I4DCZjfjirrzHRB1DsXXpLpX7RqKwvXsH3_0Ho9nuE8bJ6Tl5jp7LVknfRNhaqKJAVLaB3oK.uRz0x5CzIW4ye1FdzYvCq8oiOxEnV7.N6dxhDvgidW8NuFptRd8VV56wzoTu6VpxEIffs6BCwWiKTAnbFPVi5u2Sqil2TPD_8Ty5QsfVq_pNf1mUGpuh7IFoYNTomYp41BjLSMl3mpMc",mdrd: "eH9DnwE6ozJwefJXmgIICPPUBWV5OCT7iv6cjGYio8E-1740452894-1.2.1.1-oSAjXL_BzRV.Z64MzaRu_EE.Y47qi29rNAqLpoKE.lutkWmU3DoCoXNBV5zLf8YYjSjwPSSURyJQS1f6IiYUqney2CoNDsAqUWRchsueazM6nskHoVdrXqh4QoUhykdqrOP8Ponv9h3w10oAQ08Db8Pk8dUNjCtyna1Vy9IJ27qcABBUs_lEv7ns6bGMDpx1bScAuA3dLjIwtrgVKAjKYormxPLh1HZUPLxTpwbbM.yiYTG_QB.N8je.C8NGF0TxCqWhaBcMthyoQIQNXPvi65YIawdMAYOUJLRZADA7VKzW9rgpC2IiT5MmMZUngEPK8TYVAkqDB4Q9SlNhMQyHy6Urg0UnTX6bbqfbrZO9A1yLFVgEeZOqYAbf1r_A2m7sTkQ_RD0KWCkRNTzikeEdzwt1f8TnNeQmtQfLwz4cUedW2YPwK9pCBAeNl0op6tmU66GapE89GZdexuhegIpVWn9VDXCdTZkmUcp3GEBEUJlz48IzwGRY8Vw7LLXnYx_zxAbj6UpKch1kKjnXP.nrEp6zNdoSDqdtCv0BiiITfZHSHx135IPMSLKvbdgWQXzU5xehfvsKyHtiDcyrI0hke3PYqPLW7k5yXxBzojCJMh2_tgQVo3N6X_pzMuYokfh5LVLBKwLCTRKwa9BiwXWccHrXSRFq3NlkqMojTrK8bs.svee6m3j_JrHf9mxUoRChjD.f17da3e56XfxSypQ1Wo.ynHEqAuj4gHLLKsfDWCtRV9pAjoYcIUvAhfS9m8hvqwFLkzFJ8Rc4gZwKMOzsTyYmIEpV9zV_Um8EJQGwEMBTQ3ETNTuffXs.eR6oKDPWd3jEPxnVAWCrq9enoEQKJnFqDR.dLkrC0z3Tjb9XvVR35xTQwIjnm7jyYXJFImkX1k1E55b3KINNJEHWbF5di7w.6PDqs7YfcAOWWucCb42pHP6LZn6dKFOvRKqP4cz3Z07Fn7wiUu.BcLkFXE3e.kdbVtbik0AgdFSvNsz7OumGKkl0sstaVn7M1cJAW5odE0.OCDOLQ6HDoTLLmMiQgq20KY.GqMIJOwyLrz05BowdULOJgHuEVjEUwyOiRLVfuxChUYdp8TuIcuOtKIURZsA1kJziocZ7UHbF5kQrEe.0M7_3NC3vWPDLoFdRfMmDDbP9NW6ra3MrNq1n545viGkzHo4dJLbNiV1Am8NVxO15i0l0Nkwo.YZfO8l6KSizbZeYcPSFdBeuo3tZah25SP3FHGdY36aPDS3ERT0hu9V61x3bED593i0tiZU_9T6r8eQAI_51Nu7VQ6XIlNq7kN4wk3IiUQVCrBMWs91O.GfI6JjEBdp0lWwS.LEggBNXClAmVZGw_QAYRwzdCVsnRwUz_AiZ3aQxnjIoVvflOW2dRUPLvL9fA9KH1kFhrBoaGWebUELR_BhMA_l.XUUYUg0EHIO4enFC4_M3mF2.gJwj_gzUroMDoKHNERfBIy_qT3TPmLM3NTD1gGMVR.kbIIESTvOKf.lCf7zn4T2Tb8IpVDVSRvAuhonEQQuReydlJX0muebHAr9ChoOEOFHn3C.Llg76aC3DGAIve.tf2JqYBE37_mXEuUM2jL9gIpcHPdtZIGer0rYexDfWFGBw7vCs8GKDUMX0BZx5O.JI.Ia9RVU_otz2QbrezN.6lE4QIdP3VCDVY9FuY17.xpvLZEUbzKvdq1UfGBAIUUpqCG0K.2pQpsaDIxsYW2MtKoWeEvPBcqCguC.DfteatW.Vkw61JVMol1vdmpwa7I7ob3UIATHLQelXiGJbTNSn_oxR9V9tAtx6VBs8XtW.ogihQe7tt_a0_9RyDfvP8E1cmELJusWSVGUOBWEN2f3iYNXNs2fgZb5I677F.zjL197JpwzNMCS9F4btwbhv5vYD1WHbFIHVq7LgF.3rhU.ZQJ8yxVYnc0zaq6SseUEd2.vyqQ7saOHQUFjjvmtjTReGBQMNrMQupueZ9UXRYOmwqU4E"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91747d5d5ef4f938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09505430903123008?__cf_chl_rt_tk=bH.kRDR9Vb.3eA3N2xCxM9fa7kVJrc8qS1b.6WeEjdQ-1740452894-1.0.1.1-gF.HJTPQXYUsMUp897FAbgayjjOL4M..25uUVI8dkcA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>