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exercise</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: aerobic exercise"> <meta name="keywords" content="aerobic exercise"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="aerobic exercise"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1117</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: aerobic exercise</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">877</span> Effectiveness of Imagery Compared with Exercise Training on Hip Abductor Strength and EMG Production in Healthy Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Manawer%20Alenezi">Majid Manawer Alenezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gavin%20Lawrence"> Gavin Lawrence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans-Peter%20Kubis"> Hans-Peter Kubis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Imagery training could be an important treatment for muscle function improvements in patients who are facing limitations in exercise training by pain or other adverse symptoms. However, recent studies are mostly limited to small muscle groups and are often contradictory. Moreover, a possible bilateral transfer effect of imagery training has not been examined. We, therefore, investigated the effectiveness of unilateral imagery training in comparison with exercise training on hip abductor muscle strength and EMG. Additionally, both limbs were assessed to investigate bilateral transfer effects. Healthy individuals took part in an imagery or exercise training intervention for two weeks and were assesses pre and post training. Participants (n=30), after randomization into an imagery and an exercise group, trained 5 times a week under supervision with additional self-performed training on the weekends. The training consisted of performing, or to imagine, 5 maximal isometric hip abductor contractions (= one set), repeating the set 7 times. All measurements and trainings were performed laying on the side on a dynamometer table. The imagery script combined kinesthetic and visual imagery with internal perspective for producing imagined maximal hip abduction contractions. The exercise group performed the same number of tasks but performing the maximal hip abductor contractions. Maximal hip abduction strength and EMG amplitudes were measured of right and left limbs pre- and post-training period. Additionally, handgrip strength and right shoulder abduction (Strength and EMG) were measured. Using mixed model ANOVA (strength measures) and Wilcoxen-tests (EMGs), data revealed a significant increase in hip abductor strength production in the imagery group on the trained right limb (~6%). However, this was not reported for the exercise group. Additionally, the left hip abduction strength (not used for training) did not show a main effect in strength, however, there was a significant interaction of group and time revealing that the strength increased in the imagery group while it remained constant in the exercise group. EMG recordings supported the strength findings showing significant elevation of EMG amplitudes after imagery training on right and left side, while the exercise training group did not show any changes. Moreover, measures of handgrip strength and shoulder abduction showed no effects over time and no interactions in both groups. Experiments showed that imagery training is a suitable method for effectively increasing functional parameters of larger limb muscles (strength and EMG) which were enhanced on both sides (trained and untrained) confirming a bilateral transfer effect. Indeed, exercise training did not reveal any increases in the parameters above omitting functional improvements. The healthy individuals tested might not easily achieve benefits from exercise training within the time tested. However, it is evident that imagery training is effective in increasing the central motor command towards the muscles and that the effect seems to be segmental (no increase in handgrip strength and shoulder abduction parameters) and affects both sides (trained and untrained). In conclusion, imagery training was effective in functional improvements in limb muscles and produced a bilateral transfer on strength and EMG measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imagery" title="imagery">imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiotherapy" title=" physiotherapy"> physiotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20imagery" title=" motor imagery"> motor imagery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85814/effectiveness-of-imagery-compared-with-exercise-training-on-hip-abductor-strength-and-emg-production-in-healthy-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">876</span> Hemodynamics of a Cerebral Aneurysm under Rest and Exercise Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivam%20Patel">Shivam Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Y.%20Usmani"> Abdullah Y. Usmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physiological flow under rest and exercise conditions in patient-specific cerebral aneurysm models is numerically investigated. A finite-volume based code with BiCGStab as the linear equation solver is used to simulate unsteady three-dimensional flow field through the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Flow characteristics are first established in a healthy cerebral artery for both physiological conditions. The effect of saccular aneurysm on cerebral hemodynamics is then explored through a comparative analysis of the velocity distribution, nature of flow patterns, wall pressure and wall shear stress (WSS) against the reference configuration. The efficacy of coil embolization as a potential strategy of surgical intervention is also examined by modelling coil as a homogeneous and isotropic porous medium where the extended Darcy’s law, including Forchheimer and Brinkman terms, is applicable. The Carreau-Yasuda non-Newtonian blood model is incorporated to capture the shear thinning behavior of blood. Rest and exercise conditions correspond to normotensive and hypertensive blood pressures respectively. The results indicate that the fluid impingement on the outer wall of the arterial bend leads to abnormality in the distribution of wall pressure and WSS, which is expected to be the primary cause of the localized aneurysm. Exercise correlates with elevated flow velocity, vortex strength, wall pressure and WSS inside the aneurysm sac. With the insertion of coils in the aneurysm cavity, the flow bypasses the dilatation, leading to a decline in flow velocities and WSS. Particle residence time is observed to be lower under exercise conditions, a factor favorable for arresting plaque deposition and combating atherosclerosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20FVM" title="3D FVM">3D FVM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cerebral%20aneurysm" title=" Cerebral aneurysm"> Cerebral aneurysm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title=" hypertension"> hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coil%20embolization" title=" coil embolization"> coil embolization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Newtonian%20fluid" title=" non-Newtonian fluid"> non-Newtonian fluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73792/hemodynamics-of-a-cerebral-aneurysm-under-rest-and-exercise-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">875</span> Comparison Between Vegans and Omnivores on the Recovery of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Young Females</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Njeim%20Pressila">Njeim Pressila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajj-Boutros%20Guy"> Hajj-Boutros Guy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antony%20D.%20Karelis"> Antony D. Karelis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Acute resistance exercise is associated with an elevated inflammation response, which could lead to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). There is evidence that suggests that ingesting foods that have anti-inflammation properties may help reduce DOMS. A vegan diet has also been shown to be an anti-inflammatory diet which could, in turn, decrease DOMS. Objective and hypothesis: The purpose of the present study will be to compare markers of DOMS between vegans and omnivores after acute resistance exercise in young females. We hypothesize that vegans will have a better recovery of DOMS markers after a resistance exercise session compared to omnivores. Methods: Population: We will recruit30 vegans and 30 omnivores to participate in this study. Allvolunteers will follow either a vegan or an omnivore diet for at least 2 years. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, musclestrength (leg and chest press), markers of DOMS (swelling, pain, and stiffness), and dietary factors, as well as a wellness and anxiety questionnaire will be measured. All participants will also perform an acute resistance exercise session in order to induce DOMS. Pertinence: This project will give us a better understanding on the recovery process of vegans after a resistance training session and, as such, provide useful information to health professionals and athletes/coaches (kinesiologists and nutritionists) <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vgeans" title="vgeans">vgeans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omnivores" title=" omnivores"> omnivores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delayed%20onset%20muscle%20soreness" title=" delayed onset muscle soreness"> delayed onset muscle soreness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stifness" title=" stifness"> stifness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149303/comparison-between-vegans-and-omnivores-on-the-recovery-of-delayed-onset-muscle-soreness-in-young-females" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">874</span> The Impact of Physical Exercise on Gestational Diabetes and Maternal Weight Management: A Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwafunmibi%20Omotayo%20Fasanya">Oluwafunmibi Omotayo Fasanya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Augustine%20Kena%20Adjei"> Augustine Kena Adjei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physiological changes during pregnancy, such as alterations in the circulatory, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems, can negatively impact daily physical activity. This reduced activity is often associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal health outcomes, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and excessive weight gain. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of structured physical exercise interventions during pregnancy in reducing the risk of GDM and managing maternal weight gain. A comprehensive search was conducted across six major databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalTrials.gov, covering the period from database inception until 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that explored the effects of physical exercise programs on pregnant women with low physical activity levels were included. The search was performed using EndNote and results were managed using RevMan (Review Manager) for meta-analysis. RCTs involving healthy pregnant women with low levels of physical activity or sedentary lifestyles were selected. These RCTs must have incorporated structured exercise programs during pregnancy and reported on outcomes related to GDM and maternal weight gain. From an initial pool of 5,112 articles, 65 RCTs (involving 11,400 pregnant women) met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed, followed by a quality assessment of the selected studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software, where pooled relative risks (RR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated using a random-effects model to address heterogeneity across studies. Sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses (based on factors such as exercise intensity, duration, and pregnancy stage), and publication bias assessments were also conducted. Structured physical exercise during pregnancy led to a significant reduction in the risk of developing GDM (RR = 0.68; P < 0.001), particularly when the exercise program was performed throughout the pregnancy (RR = 0.62; P = 0.035). In addition, maternal weight gain was significantly reduced (WMD = −1.18 kg; 95% CI −1.54 to −0.85; P < 0.001). There were no significant adverse effects reported for either the mother or the neonate, confirming that exercise interventions are safe for both. This meta-analysis highlights the positive impact of regular moderate physical activity during pregnancy in reducing the risk of GDM and managing maternal weight gain. These findings suggest that physical exercise should be encouraged as a routine part of prenatal care. However, more research is required to refine exercise recommendations and determine the most effective interventions based on individual risk factors and pregnancy stages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gestational%20diabetes" title="gestational diabetes">gestational diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20weight%20management" title=" maternal weight management"> maternal weight management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=randomized%20controlled%20trials" title=" randomized controlled trials"> randomized controlled trials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194473/the-impact-of-physical-exercise-on-gestational-diabetes-and-maternal-weight-management-a-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">873</span> Effects of Additional Pelvic Floor Exercise on Sexual Function, Quality of Life and Pain Intensity in Subjects with Chronic Low Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emel%20Sonmezer">Emel Sonmezer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayri%20Baran%20Yosmaoglu"> Hayri Baran Yosmaoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The negative impact of chronic pain syndromes on sexual function has been reported in several studies; however, the influences of treatment strategies on sexual dysfunction have not been evaluated widely. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pelvic floor exercise on sexual dysfunction in female patients with chronic low back pain. Forty-two patient with chronic low back pain were enrolled this study. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 received conventional physiotherapy consist of heat therapy, ergonomic education, William flexion exercise during 6 weeks. Group 2 received pelvic floor exercises in addition to conventional physiotherapy. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used for the assessment of sexual function. Pain intensity was assessed with Visual Analogue Scale. Quality of life was assessed with World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale. All measurements were taken before and after treatment. In conventional physiotherapy group; there were significant improvement in pain intensity (p= 0,003), physical health (p=0,011), psychological health (p=0,042) subscales of quality of life scale, arousal (p=0,042), lubrication (p=0,028) and pain (p= 0,034) subscales of FSFI. In additional pelvic floor exercise group; there were significant improvement in pain intensity (p= 0,005), physical health (p=0,012) psychological health (p=0,039) subscales of quality of life scale, arousal (p=0,024), lubrication (p=0,011), orgasm (p=0,035) and pain (p= 0,015) subscales and total score (p=0,016) of FSFI. Total FSFI score (p=0,025) and orgasm (p=0,017) subscale of FSFI were significantly higher for the additional pelvic floor exercise group than the conventional physiotherapy group.The outcome of this study suggested that conventional physiotherapy may contribute to improve pain, quality of life and some parameters of the sexual function in patients with low back pain. Although additional pelvic floor exercise did not reveal more treatment effect in terms of quality of life and pain intensity, it caused significant improvement in sexual function. It is recommended that pelvic floor exercise should be added to treatment programs in order to manage sexual dysfunction more effectively in patients with chronic low back pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiotherapy" title="physiotherapy">physiotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title=" chronic pain"> chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20dysfunction" title=" sexual dysfunction"> sexual dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20floor" title=" pelvic floor"> pelvic floor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89572/effects-of-additional-pelvic-floor-exercise-on-sexual-function-quality-of-life-and-pain-intensity-in-subjects-with-chronic-low-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">872</span> Effects of Aerobic Dance Circuit Training Programme on Blood Pressure Variables of Obese Female College Students in Oyo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isiaka%20Oladele%20Oladipo">Isiaka Oladele Oladipo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusegun%20Adewale%20Ajayi"> Olusegun Adewale Ajayi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The blood pressure fitness of female college students has been implicated in sedentary lifestyles. This study was designed to determine the effects of the Aerobic Dance Circuit Training Programme (ADCT) on blood pressure variables (Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP). Participants’ Pretest-Posttest control group quasi-experimental design using a 2x2x4 factorial matrix was adopted, while one (1) research question and two (2) research hypotheses were formulated. Seventy (70) untrained obese students-volunteers age 21.10±2.46 years were purposively selected from Oyo town, Nigeria; Emmanuel Alayande College of Education (experimental group and Federal College of Education (special) control group. The participants’ BMI, weight (kg), height (m), systolic bp(mmHg), and diastolic bp (mmHg) were measured before and completion of ADCT. Data collected were analysed using a pie chart, graph, percentage, mean, frequency, and standard deviation, while a t-test was used to analyse the stated hypotheses set at the critical level of 0.05. There were significant mean differences in baseline and post-treatment values of blood pressure variables in terms of SBP among the experimental group 136.49mmHg and 131.66mmHg; control group 130.82mmHg and 130.56mmHg (crit-t=2.00, cal.t=3.02, df=69, p<.0, the hypothesis was rejected; while DBP experimental group 88.65mmHg and 82.21mmHg; control group 69.91mmHg and 72.66mmHg (crit-t=2.00, cal.t=1.437, df=69, p>.05) in which the hypothesis was accepted). It was revealed from the findings that participants’ SBP decrease from week 4 to week 12 of ADCT indicated an effective reduction in blood pressure variables of obese female students. Therefore, the study confirmed that the use of ADCT is safe and effective in the management of blood pressure for the healthy benefit of obesity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic%20dance%20circuit%20training" title="aerobic dance circuit training">aerobic dance circuit training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fitness%20lifestyles" title=" fitness lifestyles"> fitness lifestyles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obese%20college%20female%20students" title=" obese college female students"> obese college female students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systolic%20blood%20pressure" title=" systolic blood pressure"> systolic blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diastolic%20blood%20pressure" title=" diastolic blood pressure"> diastolic blood pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158585/effects-of-aerobic-dance-circuit-training-programme-on-blood-pressure-variables-of-obese-female-college-students-in-oyo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">871</span> Sludge Densification: Emerging and Efficient Way to Look at Biological Nutrient Removal Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Chavan">Raj Chavan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, there are over 14,500 Water Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRFs) in the United States, with ~35% of them having some type of nutrient limits in place. These WRRFs account for about 1% of overall power demand and 2% of total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the United States and contribute for 10 to 15% of the overall nutrient load to surface rivers in the United States. The evolution of densification technologies toward more compact and energy-efficient nutrient removal processes has been impacted by a number of factors. Existing facilities that require capacity expansion or biomass densification for higher treatability within the same footprint are being subjected to more stringent requirements relating to nutrient removal prior to surface water discharge. Densification of activated sludge has received recent widespread interest as a means for achieving process intensification and nutrient removal at WRRFs. At the core of the technology are the aerobic sludge granules where the biological processes occur. There is considerable interest in the prospect of producing granular sludge in continuous (or traditional) activated sludge processes (CAS) or densification of biomass by moving activated sludge flocs to a denser aggregate of biomass as a highly effective technique of intensification. This presentation will provide a fundamental understanding of densification by presenting insights and practical issues. The topics that will be discussed include methods used to generate and retain densified granules; the mechanisms that allow biological flocs to densify; the role that physical selectors play in the densification of biological flocs; some viable ways for managing biological flocs that have become densified; effects of physical selection design parameters on the retention of densified biological flocs and finally some operational solutions for customizing the flocs and granules required to meet performance and capacity targets. In addition, it will present some case studies where biological and physical parameters were used to generate aerobic granular sludge in the continuous flow system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=densification" title="densification">densification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic%20granular%20sludge" title=" aerobic granular sludge"> aerobic granular sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20removal" title=" nutrient removal"> nutrient removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensification" title=" intensification"> intensification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152616/sludge-densification-emerging-and-efficient-way-to-look-at-biological-nutrient-removal-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">870</span> The Next Generation’s Learning Ability, Memory, as Well as Cognitive Skills Is under the Influence of Paternal Physical Activity (An Intergenerational and Trans-Generational Effect): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Goli">Parvin Goli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirhosein%20Kefayat"> Amirhosein Kefayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rezvan%20Goli"> Rezvan Goli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: It is well established that parents can influence their offspring's neurodevelopment. It is shown that paternal environment and lifestyle is beneficial for the progeny's fitness and might affect their metabolic mechanisms; however, the effects of paternal exercise on the brain in the offspring have not been explored in detail. Objective: This study aims to review the impact of paternal physical exercise on memory and learning, neuroplasticity, as well as DNA methylation levels in the off-spring's hippocampus. Study design: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, an electronic literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were those with an experimental design, including an exercise intervention arm, with the assessment of any type of memory function, learning ability, or any type of brain plasticity as the outcome measures. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed as effect size. Results: The systematic review revealed the important role of environmental enrichment in the behavioral development of the next generation. Also, offspring of exercised fathers displayed higher levels of memory ability and lower level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. A significant effect of paternal exercise on the hippocampal volume was also reported in the few available studies. Conclusion: These results suggest an intergenerational effect of paternal physical activity on cognitive benefit, which may be associated with hippocampal epigenetic programming in offspring. However, the biological mechanisms of this modulation remain to be determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hippocampal%20plasticity" title="hippocampal plasticity">hippocampal plasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20ability" title=" learning ability"> learning ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20exercise" title=" parental exercise"> parental exercise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142790/the-next-generations-learning-ability-memory-as-well-as-cognitive-skills-is-under-the-influence-of-paternal-physical-activity-an-intergenerational-and-trans-generational-effect-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">869</span> Bacterial Contamination of Kitchen Sponges and Cutting Surfaces and Disinfection Procedures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayyan%20I%20Al%20Taweil">Hayyan I Al Taweil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The most common of bacterium in kitchen sponges and cutting surfaces which can play a task within the cross-contamination of foods, fomites and hands by foodborne pathogens. Aims and Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of bacterium in kitchen Sponge, and cutting surfaces. Material and methods: a complete of twenty four kitchen Sponges were collected from home kitchens and therefore the numbers of mesotrophic microorganism, coliform microorganism, E. coli, Salmonella, genus {pseudomonas|bacteria genus} and staphylococci in every kitchen Sponges were determined. Microbiological tests of all sponges for total mesophilic aerobic microorganism, S. aureus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella spp., and E. coli were performed on days 3, 7, and 14 by sampling. The sponges involved in daily use in kitchens countenosely with the dishwasher detergent a minimum of doubly daily Results: Results from the overall mesophilic aerobic microorganism, indicate a major increase within the variety of log CFU/ml. the amount of E. coli was reduced, Salmonella spp. was stabled, S. aureus was enhanced from the sponges throughout fourteen days. Genus Pseudomonas was enhanced and was the dominant micro flora within the sponges throughout fourteen days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kitchen%20Sponges" title="Kitchen Sponges">Kitchen Sponges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Microbiological%20Contamination" title=" Microbiological Contamination"> Microbiological Contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Disinfection%3B%20cutting%20surface%3B" title=" Disinfection; cutting surface; "> Disinfection; cutting surface; </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cross-Contamination" title=" Cross-Contamination"> Cross-Contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121771/bacterial-contamination-of-kitchen-sponges-and-cutting-surfaces-and-disinfection-procedures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">868</span> Design of a Computer Vision Based Exercise Video Game for Senior Citizens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=June%20Tay">June Tay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivy%20Chia"> Ivy Chia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are numerous changes, both mental and physical, taking place when people age. We need to understand the different aspects required for healthy living, including meeting nutritional needs, regular physical activities to keep agility, sufficient rest and sleep to have physical and mental well-being, social engagement to avoid the risk of social isolation and depression, and access to healthcare to detect and manage chronic conditions. Promoting physical activities for an ageing population is necessary as many may have enjoyed sedentary lifestyles for some time. In our study, we evaluate the considerations when designing a computer vision video game for the elderly. We need to design some low-impact activities, such as stretching and gentle movements, because some elderly individuals may have joint pains or mobility issues. The exercise game should consist of simple movements that are easy to follow and remember. It should be fun and enjoyable so that they can be motivated to do some exercise. Social engagement can keep the elderly motivated and competitive, and they are more willing to engage in game exercises. Elderly citizens can compare their game scores and try to improve them. We propose a computer vision-based video game for the elderly that will capture and track the movement of the elderly hand pushing a ball on the screen into a circle. It can be easily set up using a PC laptop with a webcam. Our video game adhered to the design framework we employed, and it encompassed ease of use, a simple graphical interface, easy-to-play game exercise, and fun gameplay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=about%20computer%20vision" title="about computer vision">about computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20games" title=" video games"> video games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gerontology%20technology" title=" gerontology technology"> gerontology technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caregiving" title=" caregiving"> caregiving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166604/design-of-a-computer-vision-based-exercise-video-game-for-senior-citizens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">867</span> Feasibility of Online Health Coaching for Canadian Armed Forces Personnel Receiving Treatment for Depression, Anxiety and PTSD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noah%20Wayne">Noah Wayne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Tuka"> Andrea Tuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Norbash"> Adrian Norbash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bryan%20Garber"> Bryan Garber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Ritvo"> Paul Ritvo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Program/Intervention Description: The Canadian Armed Forces(CAF) Mental Health Clinicstreat a full spectrum of mental disorder, addictions, and psychosocial issues that include Major Depressive Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and other diagnoses. We evaluated the feasibility of an online health coach interventiondelivering mindfulness based cognitive behavioral therapy (M-CBT) and behaviour changesupport for individuals receiving treatment at CAF Clinics. Participants were provided accounts on NexJ Connected Wellness, a digital health platform, and 16 weeks of phone-based health coaching,emphasizingmild to moderate aerobic exercise, a healthy diet, and M-CBT content. The primary objective was to assess the feasibility of the online deliverywith CAF members. Evaluation Methods: Feasibility was evaluated in terms of recruitment, engagement, and program satisfaction. Weadditionallyevaluatedhealth behavior change, program completion, and mental health symptoms (i.e. PHQ-9, GAD-7, PCL-5) at three time points. Results: Service members were referred from Vancouver, Esquimalt, and Edmonton CAF bases between August 2020 and January 2021. N=106 CAF personnel were referred, and n=77 consented.N=66 participated, and n=44 completed 4-month and follow-up measures. The platform received a mean rating of76.5 on the System Usability Scale, and health coaching was judged the most helpful program feature (95.2% endorsement), while reminders (53.7%), secure messaging (51.2%), and notifications (51.2%) were also identified. Improvements in mental health status during active interventions were observed on the PHQ-9 (-5.4, p<0.001), GAD-7 (-4.0, p<0.001), and PCL-5 (-4.1, p<0.05). Conclusion: Online health coaching was well-received amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns. Uptake and engagement were positively reported. Participants valuedcontacts and reported strong therapeutic alliances with coaches. Healthy diet, regular exercise, and mindfulness practice are important for physical and mental health. Engagements in these behaviors are associated with reduced symptoms. An online health coach program appears feasible for assisting Canadian Armed Forces personnel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coaching" title="coaching">coaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBT" title=" CBT"> CBT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military" title=" military"> military</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital" title=" digital"> digital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150008/feasibility-of-online-health-coaching-for-canadian-armed-forces-personnel-receiving-treatment-for-depression-anxiety-and-ptsd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">866</span> Effect of Nutrition and Rehabilitation Programs in Treating High Blood Cholesterol For Ages (30-40) Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luma%20Hameed%20Abd">Luma Hameed Abd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Hamza%20Hadi"> Ammar Hamza Hadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjed%20Abid%20Ali%20Mahdi"> Amjed Abid Ali Mahdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Context: The study focused on treating high blood cholesterol in individuals aged 30-40 years using rehabilitation and nutrition programs compared to medical drugs. Research aim: To compare the effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation and nutrition programs with medical drugs in reducing high blood cholesterol levels. Methodology: An experimental method with equal groups was utilized, involving 160 patients from Najaf Hospital. SPSS was used for data analysis. Findings: The study showed that both the exercise and nutrition program, as well as medical drugs, contributed to lowering cholesterol levels, with the first group showing better results. Theoretical importance: The research highlights the significance of a holistic approach combining exercise, nutrition, and medical treatment in managing high cholesterol. Data collection: Blood cholesterol tests were conducted before and after the programs to assess improvements. Analysis procedures: Statistical methods such as arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Torsion coefficient, and T-test for correlated samples were employed to analyze the results. Questions addressed: The study addressed the effectiveness of rehabilitation and nutrition programs compared to medical drugs in treating high blood cholesterol. Conclusion: The research concluded that the combination of exercise rehabilitation and nutrition programs was more effective in reducing blood cholesterol levels compared to medical drugs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title="nutrition">nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programs" title=" programs"> programs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20blood%20cholesterol" title=" high blood cholesterol"> high blood cholesterol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191894/effect-of-nutrition-and-rehabilitation-programs-in-treating-high-blood-cholesterol-for-ages-30-40-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">865</span> Simulation-Based Learning in the Exercise Science Curriculum: Peer Role Play vs Professional Simulated Patient</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Reeves">Nathan Reeves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate if there was an impact on student learning when peer role play was substituted for a professional actor in the role of simulated patient in a simulation-based scenario. Method: Third-year exercise science students enrolled in a field project course in 2015 (n=24), and 2016 (n=20) participated in a simulation-based case scenario designed to develop their client-centred exercise prescription skills. During the simulation, students were provided with feedback from the simulated patients. In 2015, three professional actors played the part of the simulated patient, and in 2016 one of the simulated patients was a student from another exercise science cohort (peer role play). The student learning experience, consistency in case fidelity and feedback provided by the simulated patients was evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale survey and collecting phenomenological data. Results: Improvements to student pre and post confidence remained constant between the 2015 and 2016 cohorts (1.04 and 0.85). The perceived usefulness and enjoyability also remained high across the two cohorts (4.96 and 4.71). The feedback provided by all three simulated patients in 2016 was seen to strongly support student learning experience (4.82), and was of a consistent level (4.47). Significance of the findings to allied health: Simulation-based education is rapidly expanding in the curricula across the allied health professions. The simulated patient methodology continues to receive support as a pedagogy to develop a range of clinical skills including communication, engagement and client-centeredness. Upskilling students to peer role play can be a reasonable alternative to engaging paid actors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise%20science" title="exercise science">exercise science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation-based%20learning" title=" simulation-based learning"> simulation-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20patient" title=" simulated patient"> simulated patient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer%20role%20play" title=" peer role play"> peer role play</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61436/simulation-based-learning-in-the-exercise-science-curriculum-peer-role-play-vs-professional-simulated-patient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">864</span> Effect of Exercise Training and Dietary Silymarin on Levels of Leptin, Adiponectin, Paraoxonase and Body Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Barari">Alireza Barari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Shirali"> Saeed Shirali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The etiology of obesity is heterogeneous with several factors, and the pathophysiology of obesity has recently related to leptin, oxidative damage, and inflammation. Silybum marianum have a health-promoting perspective and has shown that bioactive molecules of silymarin have the antioxidant and antitumor properties and can affect secretion of hormones and enzyme activity in animal. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects and changes in hormonal levels and body composition after silymarin consumption. Forty-five healthy untrained colleges male take part in the 4-week investigation. The subjects were assigned to 5 groups: endurance training, Silymarin with endurance training, strength training with placebo, Silymarin with strength training or placebo. Body fat percentage and Blood sample analysis were measured before and after the intervention to assay leptin, adiponectin and paraoxonase in the sample of subject's serum. There was a considerable decrease in body fat percent and a significant increase in VO2 max in 'Strength training' and 'Strength training with Silymarin' groups. But, no significant changes in levels of leptin, adiponectinin, and paraoxanase (PON) that were observed between exercise and exercise with Silymarin in these groups. We observed reduction in body fat% and increase in adiponectin induced by exercise for 4 weeks in untrained healthy men. Silybin, could not effectively improve all parameters and don’t prevent the progression of cell damage by antioxidant activity of PON. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-inflammatory%20activity" title="anti-inflammatory activity">anti-inflammatory activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silymarin" title=" silymarin"> silymarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20composition" title=" body composition"> body composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraoxonase%20%28PON%29" title=" paraoxonase (PON)"> paraoxonase (PON)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61282/effect-of-exercise-training-and-dietary-silymarin-on-levels-of-leptin-adiponectin-paraoxonase-and-body-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">863</span> Comparison between Conventional Bacterial and Algal-Bacterial Aerobic Granular Sludge Systems in the Treatment of Saline Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Semaha">Philip Semaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongfang%20Lei"> Zhongfang Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziwen%20Zhao"> Ziwen Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sen%20Liu"> Sen Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenya%20Zhang"> Zhenya Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuya%20Shimizu"> Kazuya Shimizu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing generation of saline wastewater through various industrial activities is becoming a global concern for activated sludge (AS) based biological treatment which is widely applied in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As for the AS process, an increase in wastewater salinity has negative impact on its overall performance. The advent of conventional aerobic granular sludge (AGS) or bacterial AGS biotechnology has gained much attention because of its superior performance. The development of algal-bacterial AGS could enhance better nutrients removal, potentially reduce aeration cost through symbiotic algae-bacterial activity, and thus, can also reduce overall treatment cost. Nonetheless, the potential of salt stress to decrease biomass growth, microbial activity and nutrient removal exist. Up to the present, little information is available on saline wastewater treatment by algal-bacterial AGS. To the authors’ best knowledge, a comparison of the two AGS systems has not been done to evaluate nutrients removal capacity in the context of salinity increase. This study sought to figure out the impact of salinity on the algal-bacterial AGS system in comparison to bacterial AGS one, contributing to the application of AGS technology in the real world of saline wastewater treatment. In this study, the salt concentrations tested were 0 g/L, 1 g/L, 5 g/L, 10 g/L and 15 g/L of NaCl with 24-hr artificial illuminance of approximately 97.2 µmol m¯²s¯¹, and mature bacterial and algal-bacterial AGS were used for the operation of two identical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with a working volume of 0.9 L each, respectively. The results showed that salinity increase caused no apparent change in the color of bacterial AGS; while for algal-bacterial AGS, its color was progressively changed from green to dark green. A consequent increase in granule diameter and fluffiness was observed in the bacterial AGS reactor with the increase of salinity in comparison to a decrease in algal-bacterial AGS diameter. However, nitrite accumulation peaked from 1.0 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L at 1 g/L NaCl in the bacterial and algal-bacterial AGS systems, respectively to 9.8 mg/L in both systems when NaCl concentration varied from 5 g/L to 15 g/L. Almost no ammonia nitrogen was detected in the effluent except at 10 g/L NaCl concentration, where it averaged 4.2 mg/L and 2.4 mg/L, respectively, in the bacterial and algal-bacterial AGS systems. Nutrients removal in the algal-bacterial system was relatively higher than the bacterial AGS in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus removals. Nonetheless, the nutrient removal rate was almost 50% or lower. Results show that algal-bacterial AGS is more adaptable to salinity increase and could be more suitable for saline wastewater treatment. Optimization of operation conditions for algal-bacterial AGS system would be important to ensure its stably high efficiency in practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algal-bacterial%20aerobic%20granular%20sludge" title="algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge">algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20aerobic%20granular%20sludge" title=" bacterial aerobic granular sludge"> bacterial aerobic granular sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nutrients%20removal" title=" Nutrients removal"> Nutrients removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saline%20wastewater" title=" saline wastewater"> saline wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequencing%20batch%20reactor" title=" sequencing batch reactor"> sequencing batch reactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111942/comparison-between-conventional-bacterial-and-algal-bacterial-aerobic-granular-sludge-systems-in-the-treatment-of-saline-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">862</span> Aerobic Training Combined with Nutritional Guidance as an Effective Strategy for Improving Aerobic Fitness and Reducing BMI in Inactive Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leif%20Inge%20Tjelta">Leif Inge Tjelta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerd%20Lise%20Nordbotten"> Gerd Lise Nordbotten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cathrine%20Nyhus%20Hagum"> Cathrine Nyhus Hagum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merete%20Hagen%20Helland"> Merete Hagen Helland</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Overweight and obesity can lead to numerous health problems, and inactive people are more often overweight and obese compared to physically active people. Even a moderate weight loss can improve cardiovascular and endocrine disease risk factors. The aim of the study was to examine to what extent overweight and obese adults starting up with two weekly intensive running sessions had an increase in aerobic capacity, reduction in BMI and waist circumference and changes in body composition after 33 weeks of training. An additional aim was to see if there were differences between participants who, in addition to training, also received lifestyle modification education, including practical cooking (nutritional guidance and training group (NTG =32)) compared to those who were not given any nutritional guidance (training group (TG=40)). 72 participants (49 women), mean age of 46.1 ( ± 10.4) were included. Inclusion Criteria: Previous untrained and inactive adults in all age groups, BMI ≥ 25, desire to become fitter and reduce their BMI. The two weekly supervised training sessions consisted of 10 min warm up followed by 20 to 21 min effective interval running where the participants’ heart rate were between 82 and 92% of hearth rate maximum. The sessions were completed with ten minutes whole body strength training. Measures of BMI, waist circumference (WC) and 3000m running time were performed at the start of the project (T1), after 15 weeks (T2) and at the end of the project (T3). Measurements of fat percentage, muscle mass, and visceral fat were performed at T1 and T3. Twelve participants (9 women) from both groups, who all scored around average on the 3000 m pre-test, were chosen to do a VO₂max test at T1 and T3. The NTG were given ten theoretical sessions (80 minutes each) and eight practical cooking sessions (140 minutes each). There was a significant reduction in bout groups for WC and BMI from T1 to T2. There was not found any further reduction from T2 to T3. Although not significant, NTG reduced their WC more than TG. For both groups, the percentage reduction in WC was similar to the reduction in BMI. There was a decrease in fat percentage in both groups from pre-test to post-test, whereas, for muscle mass, a small, but insignificant increase was observed for both groups. There was a decrease in 3000m running time for both groups from T1 to T2 as well as from T2 to T3. The difference between T2 and T3 was not statistically significant. The 12 participants who tested VO₂max had an increase of 2.86 ( ± 3.84) mlkg⁻¹ min⁻¹ in VO₂max and 3:02 min (± 2:01 min) reduction in running time over 3000 m from T1 until T3. There was a strong, negative correlation between the two variables. The study shows that two intensive running session in 33 weeks can increase aerobic fitness and reduce BMI, WC and fat percent in inactive adults. Cost guidance in addition to training will give additional effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interval%20training" title="interval training">interval training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional%20guidance" title=" nutritional guidance"> nutritional guidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fitness" title=" fitness"> fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BMI" title=" BMI"> BMI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90417/aerobic-training-combined-with-nutritional-guidance-as-an-effective-strategy-for-improving-aerobic-fitness-and-reducing-bmi-in-inactive-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">861</span> Physical Activity Rates and Motivational Profiles of Adolescents While Keeping a Daily Leisure-Time Physical Activity Record</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matt%20Fullmer">Matt Fullmer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carol%20Wilkinson"> Carol Wilkinson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keven%20Prusak"> Keven Prusak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennis%20Eggett"> Dennis Eggett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Todd%20Pennington"> Todd Pennington</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity and chronic health issues are linked to physical inactivity. Physical education (PE) programs in school can play a major role in combating these health-related issues. This study focused on supporting competence through keeping a leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) record as part of PE. Keeping a daily LTPA record may be an effective intervention helping students feel more competent toward exercise, and thus, self-determined (within the context of self-determination theory) to exercise. Little is known about the relationship between daily LTPA records and perceived competence, motivational profiles, and LTPA levels of students enrolled in PE. This study examined the relationship between keeping a daily, online LTPA record and adolescent (a) motivational profiles toward LTPA, (b) perceived competence toward LTPA, and (c) LTPA behaviors. Secondary students (N = 124) in physical education classes completed a baseline questionnaire which consisted of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire–2, the Perceived Competence Scale, and the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. For three weeks, the students were assigned to keep the Presidential Active Lifestyle Award Challenge (PALAC) as their online LTPA record. They completed the questionnaire after each week. A 2 (gender) x 4 (trials) repeated measures ANCOVA examined the relationships between recording compliance and motivation, perceived competence, and physical activity. Results showed that recording compliance was not a significant predictor of perceived competence to participate in LTPA. Examining motivational factors, a significant interaction between recording compliance and introjected regulation was found. The more students recorded the less motivated they were by guilt or obligation to exercise in their leisure-time. Also, a significant interaction was found between recording compliance and intrinsic regulation, indicating that the more students recorded the more intrinsically motivated they were to exercise in their leisure-time. Lastly, there was a significant interaction between recording compliance and LTPA. As students kept the LTPA record, girls’ LTPA levels significantly decreased and boys’ LTPA levels significantly increased. The key findings are that, as implemented in this study: a) the lack of PALAC compliance suggests that daily LTPA records may NOT be the most effective intervention for this population, b) keeping a daily LTPA record did NOT help students feel more competent to exercise in their leisure-time, c) a daily LTPA record may help students move towards being more self-determined in their feelings towards LTPA, and d) the outcome of keeping a LTPA record on LTPA behavior is statistically significant, although actual differences may not be practically important. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioural%20regulation%20in%20exercise%20questionnaire%E2%80%932" title="behavioural regulation in exercise questionnaire–2">behavioural regulation in exercise questionnaire–2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godin%20leisure%E2%80%93time%20exercise%20questionnaire" title=" Godin leisure–time exercise questionnaire"> Godin leisure–time exercise questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20physical%20activity%20log" title=" online physical activity log"> online physical activity log</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20competence%20scale" title=" perceived competence scale"> perceived competence scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-determination%20theory" title=" self-determination theory"> self-determination theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60287/physical-activity-rates-and-motivational-profiles-of-adolescents-while-keeping-a-daily-leisure-time-physical-activity-record" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">860</span> Walking Cadence to Attain a Minimum of Moderate Aerobic Intensity in People at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fagner%20O.%20Serrano">Fagner O. Serrano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danielle%20R.%20Bouchard"> Danielle R. Bouchard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Todd%20A.%20Duhame"> Todd A. Duhame</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Walking cadence (steps/min) is an effective way to prescribe exercise so an individual can reach a moderate intensity, which is recommended to optimize health benefits. To our knowledge, there is no study on the required walking cadence to reach a moderate intensity for people that present chronic conditions or risk factors for chronic conditions such as Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). The objectives of this study were: 1- to identify the walking cadence needed for people at risk of CVD to a reach moderate intensity, and 2- to develop and test an equation using clinical variables to help professionals working with individuals at risk of CVD to estimate the walking cadence needed to reach moderate intensity. Ninety-one people presenting a minimum of two risk factors for CVD completed a medically supervised graded exercise test to assess maximum oxygen consumption at the first visit. The last visit consisted of recording walking cadence using a foot pod Garmin FR-60 and a Polar heart rate monitor, aiming to get participants to reach 40% of their maximal oxygen consumption using a portable metabolic cart on an indoor flat surface. The equation to predict the walking cadence needed to reach moderate intensity in this sample was developed as follows: The sample was randomly split in half and the equation was developed with one half of the participants, and validated using the other half. Body mass index, height, stride length, leg height, body weight, fitness level (VO2max), and self-selected cadence (over 200 meters) were measured using objective measured. Mean walking cadence to reach moderate intensity for people age 64.3 ± 10.3 years old at risk of CVD was 115.8  10.3 steps per minute. Body mass index, height, body weight, fitness level, and self-selected cadence were associated with walking cadence at moderate intensity when evaluated in bivariate analyses (r ranging from 0.22 to 0.52; all P values ≤0.05). Using linear regression analysis including all clinical variables associated in the bivariate analyses, body weight was the significant predictor of walking cadence for reaching a moderate intensity (ß=0.24; P=.018) explaining 13% of walking cadence to reach moderate intensity. The regression model created was Y = 134.4-0.24 X body weight (kg).Our findings suggest that people presenting two or more risk factors for CVD are reaching moderate intensity while walking at a cadence above the one officially recommended (116 steps per minute vs. 100 steps per minute) for healthy adults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20disease" title="cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderate%20intensity" title=" moderate intensity"> moderate intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20adults" title=" older adults"> older adults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walking%20cadence" title=" walking cadence"> walking cadence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25706/walking-cadence-to-attain-a-minimum-of-moderate-aerobic-intensity-in-people-at-risk-of-cardiovascular-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">859</span> A Case Study on the Effect of a Mobility Focused Exercise Training in Rehabilitation of an Elite Weightlifter with Shoulder Pain and Weakness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingling%20Li">Lingling Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Zhao"> Peng Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runze%20Guan"> Runze Guan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Jones"> Alice Jones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Yu"> Tao Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Shoulder pain and weakness are associated with complex pathologies and often precludes weightlifters from participation in training. The role and mode of exercise training in weightlifters with shoulder pathology remains unclear. Objectives: This case report described an exercise program in management of an elite weightlifter with primary complaint of right shoulder pain and weakness. Methods: A 22-year-old weightlifter presented with 2-year duration of right shoulder pain and weakness which was worsened by routine weightlifting training, and symptoms were not relieved with steroid injection, manual therapy nor usual physiotherapy. There was a limitation in all active range of motion especially horizontal extension (13ᵒ) and external rotation (41ᵒ) with pain intensity at 4/10 and 10/10 (numeric pain rating score) respectively. Muscle weakness was most significant at supraspinatus and teres minor, 38% and 27% respectively compared to his left shoulder (hand-held dynamometry, Micro FET2). An exercise training program focusing on improving mobility was designed for this athlete following a comprehensive physical assessment. Exercises included specific stretching, muscle activating and scapular stability training; once per day, and for 60 minutes each session. All exercises were completed under instruction as pain allowed. Quantitative assessment was conducted at the end of each week for 3 weeks. Outcomes: After the program, the athlete was pain-free in all movements except the O’Brien active compression internal rotation test, the pain was however reduced from 10/10 to 3/10. The horizontal extension and external rotation range increased to 79ᵒ to 120ᵒ respectively, and strength of all rotator cuff muscles returned to normal. At 1-month follow up, the athlete was totally pain-free and had returned to normal function and weightlifting training activities. The outcomes sustained through 6-month and one year. Conclusion: This case report supports the use of a mobility-focused exercise program for management of shoulder pain and weakness in an elite weightlifter athlete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise%20training" title="exercise training">exercise training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoulder%20pain" title=" shoulder pain"> shoulder pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weightlifting" title=" weightlifting"> weightlifting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82071/a-case-study-on-the-effect-of-a-mobility-focused-exercise-training-in-rehabilitation-of-an-elite-weightlifter-with-shoulder-pain-and-weakness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">858</span> Effect of Oral Immonoglobulin (IgY) Ingestion on Post Exercise Muscle Soreness and Muscle Damage Markers in Females</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bert%20H.%20Jacobson">Bert H. Jacobson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taylor%20Monaghan"> Taylor Monaghan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Sellers"> John Sellers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intense resistance-type activity generally elicits delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in individuals unaccustomed to such action. DOMS is a combination of contractile tissue microtrauma, osmotic pressure changes, alteration calcium regulation, and inflammation. Elevated muscle-specific enzyme creatine kinase (CK) is a marker of striated muscle damage. Avian immunoglobulin (IgY) mediates inflammation and may thereby reduce post-exercise DOMS. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of oral IgY and placebo (Pl) on CK, serum relevels, and perceived pain following induced DOMS. Methods: Healthy college-aged females (N=16) were randomly divided into an experimental group (IgY) and a control group (PL). CK serum levels were recorded followed by 14 days of supplementation of either IgY or Pl at the following doses: days 1-2 =4.5 g, days 3-5 =9.0 g, and days 6-14 =13.5 g. Following the 14 d, lower limb DOMS was induced using two methods of resistance training. After 48 hours, subjects reported for a second blood draw. Results: One-way ANOVA resulted in the IgY group posting significantly less (p < 0.05) serum CK than the PL group. Furthermore, the IgY group experienced significantly less post-test perceived soreness than the Pl group. Conclusion: IgY supplementation lessens muscle CK levels and perceived muscle soreness following exercise, possibly due to an anti-inflammatory effect. It was suggested that IgY may serve as a buffer for DOMS thereby allowing the participant to continue vigorous exercise without discomfort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle" title="muscle">muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soreness" title=" soreness"> soreness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum" title=" serum"> serum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87731/effect-of-oral-immonoglobulin-igy-ingestion-on-post-exercise-muscle-soreness-and-muscle-damage-markers-in-females" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">857</span> Effects of Progressive Resistive Exercise on Isometric Strength of Shoulder Extensor and Abductor Muscles in Adult Hemiplegic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abbasi">S. Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Hadian"> M. R. Hadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdolvahab"> M. Abdolvahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jalili"> M. Jalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Jalaei"> S. H. Jalaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Rehabilitation treatments have significant role in reducing the disabilities of Cerebro Vascular Accident (CVA). Due to great role of upper limb in the function of individuals particularly in Activity of Daily Living and the effect of stability of shoulder girdle on hand function, the aim of this study was to study the effects of Progressive Resistive Exercise on shoulder extensor and abductor muscles isometric strengths in adult hemiplegic. Methods: 17 adult hemiplegics patients (50-70 yrs., mean 60/52, SD7/22); with RT side dominancy and 6 months after stroke, participated in this study. All procedures were approved by ethical committee of TUMS and written consents were also taken. Patients were familiarized with the procedure and shoulder extensor and abductor muscles isometric strengths were measured by dynamometer. Results: according to result to our study, shoulder extensor and abductor muscles isometric strengths showed Significant differences between mean scores of pre and post intervention (P<0/05). Progressive Resistive Exercise improved 34% shoulder extensor muscles isometric strength and 27% shoulder abductor muscle isometric strength. Conclusion: Results of our research showed that progressive resistive exercise approach is a useful method for increasing the isometric strength of shoulder extensor and abductor muscles. Therefore, it might be concluded that improvement of strength of shoulder muscles could result in stability in shoulder girdle and consequently might effect on hand function in hemiplegic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoulder%20extensor%20muscles%20isometric%20strength" title="shoulder extensor muscles isometric strength">shoulder extensor muscles isometric strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoulder%20abductor%20muscles%20isometric%20strength" title=" shoulder abductor muscles isometric strength"> shoulder abductor muscles isometric strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemiplegic" title=" hemiplegic"> hemiplegic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20therapy" title=" physical therapy"> physical therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4059/effects-of-progressive-resistive-exercise-on-isometric-strength-of-shoulder-extensor-and-abductor-muscles-in-adult-hemiplegic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">856</span> Effect of Exercise on Sexual Behavior and Semen Quality of Sahiwal Bulls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelrasoul">Abdelrasoul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Ahmed%20Elrabie"> Khalid Ahmed Elrabie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was conducted on Sahiwal cattle bulls maintained at the Artificial Breeding Complex, NDRI, Karnal, Hayana, India, to determine the effect of exercise on the sexual behavior and semen quality. Fourteen Sahiwal bulls were classified into two groups of seven each. Group-1, bulls were exercised by walking in a bull exerciser once a week one hour before semen collection, whereas bulls in group-2 were exercised daily. Sexual behavior and semen quality traits studied were: Reaction time (RT), Dismounting time (DMT), Total time taken in mounts (TTTM), Flehmen response (FR), Erection Score (ES), Protrusion Score (PS), Intensity of thrust (ITS), Temperament Score (TS), Libido Score (LS), Semen volume, Physical appearance, Mass activity, Initial progressive motility, Non-eosinophilic spermatozoa count (NESC) and post thaw motility percent. Data were analyzed by least squares technique. Group-2 showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher value in RT (sec), DMT (sec), TTTM (sec), ES, PS, ITS, LS, semen volume, semen color density and mass activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title="exercise">exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahiwal%20bulls" title=" Sahiwal bulls"> Sahiwal bulls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semen%20quality" title=" semen quality"> semen quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20behavior" title=" sexual behavior"> sexual behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75301/effect-of-exercise-on-sexual-behavior-and-semen-quality-of-sahiwal-bulls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">855</span> Autonomy Supportive Coaching to Achieve Health Literacy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Knisel">E. Knisel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Rupprich"> H. Rupprich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Heissel"> A. Heissel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Health Literacy is defined as the degree to which people have the capacity to obtain and understand information to make health decisions. Illustrated are three levels of health literacy: (1) Functional literacy refers to the transmission of information about e. g. physical activity and nutrition; (2) interactive literacy implies the development of personal and social skills to adopt health-related behaviour and (3) critical health literacy indicates advanced cognitive skills connected with personal empowerment to critically analyse health information, to define self-determined goals and taking action in various situations accordingly. The achievement of the third level refers to self-determination and autonomy which should be outcomes of exercise programs for overweight children as health-related behaviour change will occur and persist if it is autonomously motivated. Method: We adopted a quasi-experimental design with group (autonomy supportive coaching, control) and session (pre-test, intervention, post-test, and follow-up-test). Overweight and obese children and adolescents at the age of 8-14 years (N=40) received a 6-month (20 sessions) exercise program with autonomy supportive coaching implemented by the coaches and sandwiched between pre-test and post-test. All participants (N=92) completed the German version of the Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale Sport and Exercise. Additionally, we assessed the engagement in the exercise program by the MVPA (Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity) and by the adherence and drop-out-rate. Results: Participants in the intervention group perceived their autonomy as moderate in the post-test and the follow-up-test. However, the psychological intervention failed to develop a high autonomy, as both groups show moderate perceived autonomy from the pre-test to the post-test. Participants in the intervention group were higher engaged in MVPA in the exercise program and they attend the program more regularly. Discussion: Young overweight and obese children and adolescents can acquire autonomy using autonomy supporting coaching. However, research identifying the extent they achieve critical health literacy is required to implement an autonomy-supportive coaching style into exercise programs for this target group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomy%20support" title="autonomy support">autonomy support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coaching" title=" coaching"> coaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20literacy" title=" health literacy"> health literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20promotion" title=" health promotion"> health promotion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25546/autonomy-supportive-coaching-to-achieve-health-literacy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">854</span> Diagnostic Properties of Exercise or Pharmacological Stress Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy in Per-Vessel Basis: A Clinical Validation Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmadreza%20Bagheri">Ahmadreza Bagheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20S.%20Eftekhari"> Seyyed S. Eftekhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shervin%20Rashidinia"> Shervin Rashidinia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Various stress tests have been proposed yet to assess patients with suspected coronary artery disease. However, their diagnostic properties in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are variable and their applicability remained somewhat vague. The aim of this study is to validate per-vessel diagnostic properties of 3 types of stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in gated SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography) using either exercise or pharmacological stress testing with dipyridamole or dobutamine. Materials and Methods: Hospital records of 314 patients who referred to Imam Khomeini hospital of Tehran between September 2015 and January 2017 were completely reviewed in this study. All patients underwent coronary angiography within 3 months after stress myocardial perfusion scan. Eventually, the results were analyzed in per-vessel basis to find the proper modality for each involved vessel or scanned site. Results: The mean age of patients was 62.15 ± 4.94 years (30-85) and 35.03% were women. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated as 56.59%, 54.24%, and 55.09%, respectively. These values were 56.43% and 53.25%, 54.46% and 47.36%, 56.75% and 54.83% for dipyridamole and exercise, respectively. Ischemia of the anterior wall through exercise stress testing has the highest diagnostic accuracy in detecting LAD (Left Anterior Descending artery) involvement. Inferior wall hypokinesia and anterolateral wall ischemia during exercise stress testing have the highest diagnostic accuracy in detecting RCA (Right Coronary Artery) and LCX artery (Left Circumflex Artery) stenosis, respectively. Conclusion: Stress myocardial perfusion scan should be carried out on the basis of the findings of the preliminary investigations on suspicion of a specific coronary artery or involved myocardial wall. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dipyridamole" title="dipyridamole">dipyridamole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dobutamine" title=" dobutamine"> dobutamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-photon%20emission%20computed%20tomography" title=" single-photon emission computed tomography"> single-photon emission computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20myocardial%20perfusion%20scintigraphy" title=" stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy"> stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96958/diagnostic-properties-of-exercise-or-pharmacological-stress-myocardial-perfusion-scintigraphy-in-per-vessel-basis-a-clinical-validation-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">853</span> The Effect of Exercise Therapy and Electroacupuncture on Some Clinical Outcomes in People with Post Total Hip Arthroplasty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Yassin">Marzieh Yassin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Rashed"> Masoud Rashed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheil%20Mansour%20Sohani"> Soheil Mansour Sohani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Salehi"> Reza Salehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Hip arthroplasty is one of the surgical methods to improve symptoms in patients with hip osteoarthritis. The use of electroacupuncture and TENS reduces pain, increases range of motion and improves performance. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 30 patients after hip arthroplasty were randomly divided into two groups: electroacupuncture (n=16) with exercise therapy and TENS with exercise therapy (n=14). Severity of pain, quality of life, range of motion, edema and function were evaluated in two groups before and after the interventions. Interventions of 10 sessions (three sessions per week) were conducted for two groups. The significance level in all tests was below 0.05. Results: The results showed that both groups improved all of the symptoms after the intervention (p≤0.05), although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of effectiveness (p≥0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that both methods improve symptoms in patients after surgery. According to this study, electroacupuncture is suggested as a new method effective for the treatment of people with post-Total Hip Arthroplasty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroacupuncture" title="electroacupuncture">electroacupuncture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20performance" title=" physical performance"> physical performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20hip%20arthroplasty" title=" total hip arthroplasty"> total hip arthroplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TENS" title=" TENS"> TENS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174115/the-effect-of-exercise-therapy-and-electroacupuncture-on-some-clinical-outcomes-in-people-with-post-total-hip-arthroplasty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">852</span> Temporal Profile of Exercise-Induced Changes in Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels of Schizophrenic Individuals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Lavratti">Caroline Lavratti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Dal%20Lago"> Pedro Dal Lago</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gustavo%20Reinaldo"> Gustavo Reinaldo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gilson%20Dorneles"> Gilson Dorneles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreia%20Bard"> Andreia Bard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laira%20Fuhr"> Laira Fuhr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Pochmann"> Daniela Pochmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandra%20Peres"> Alessandra Peres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luciane%20Wagner"> Luciane Wagner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viviane%20Elsner"> Viviane Elsner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Approximately 1% of the world's population is affected by schizophrenia (SZ), a chronic and debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder. Among possible factors, reduced levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been recognized in physiopathogenesis and course of SZ. In this context, peripheral BDNF levels have been used as a biomarker in several clinical studies, since this neurotrophin is able to cross the blood-brain barrier in a bi-directional manner and seems to present a strong correlation with the central nervous system fluid levels. The patients with SZ usually adopts a sedentary lifestyle, which has been partly associated with the increase in obesity incidence rates, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. On the other hand, exercise, a non-invasive and low cost intervention, has been considered an important additional therapeutic option for this population, promoting benefits to physical and mental health. To our knowledge, few studies have been pointed out that the positive effects of exercise in SZ patients are mediated, at least in part, to enhanced levels of BDNF after training. However, these studies are focused on evaluating the effect of single bouts of exercise of chronic interventions, data concerning the short- and long-term exercise outcomes on BDNF are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a concurrent exercise protocol (CEP) on plasma BDNF levels of SZ patients in different time-points. Material and Methods: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Centro Universitário Metodista do IPA (no 1.243.680/2015). The participants (n=15) were subbmited to the CEP during 90 days, 3 times a week for 60 minutes each session. In order to evaluate the short and long-term effects of exercise, blood samples were collected pre, 30, 60 and 90 days after the intervention began. Plasma BDNF levels were determined with the ELISA method, from Sigma-Aldrich commercial kit (catalog number RAB0026) according to manufacturer's instructions. Results: A remarkable increase on plasma BDNF levels at 90 days after training compared to baseline (p=0.006) and 30 days (p=0.007) values were observed. Conclusion: Our data are in agreement with several studies that show significant enhancement on BDNF levels in response to different exercise protocols in SZ individuals. We might suggest that BDNF upregulation after training in SZ patients acts in a dose-dependent manner, being more pronounced in response to chronic exposure. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS)/Brazil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title="exercise">exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BDNF" title=" BDNF"> BDNF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schizophrenia" title=" schizophrenia"> schizophrenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-points" title=" time-points"> time-points</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61528/temporal-profile-of-exercise-induced-changes-in-plasma-brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor-levels-of-schizophrenic-individuals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">851</span> The Effect of a Test Pump Supplement on the Physiological and Functional Performance of Futsal Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Rahsepar">Samaneh Rahsepar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrzad%20Moghadasi"> Mehrzad Moghadasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate the effect of Test Pump supplement on the physiological and functional performance of futsal women, twenty female futsal subjects were divided into two groups: placebo (n = 10) and supplement (n = 10) and were given buccal tablets for 7 days and 12 g daily supplement each day. The placebo group used starch powder during this period. Speed, agility with ball, agility without ball and dribbling time were measured before and after supplementation. In addition, the rate of heart rate and blood pressure changes were measured before and after the YOYO test. The results showed that the test pump had no significant effect on improving speed, agility with ball, agility without ball, dribbling time and heart rate changes and diastolic blood pressure, and only affect the maximum oxygen consumption and systolic blood pressure (P <0.05). In general, the use of the test-pump supplement does not have a significant effect on the physiological and functional performance of futsal women. The results of this study showed that the use of supplementary pump tests on women's futsal heart rate changes after loading period had a significant difference between the two groups in resting heart rate with heart rate after exercise and 5 minutes after exercise. However, it did not have a significant effect on the increase in heart rate. Supplementation significantly increased systolic blood pressure after exercise compared to resting blood pressure, as well as a significant increase in systolic blood pressure after exercise compared to resting systolic blood pressure and 5 minutes after exercise in both groups from the loading period. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in systolic blood pressure in both placebo and supplemented groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20pump%20supplement" title="test pump supplement">test pump supplement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed" title=" speed"> speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dribble" title=" dribble"> dribble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agility" title=" agility"> agility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20oxygen%20consumption" title=" maximum oxygen consumption"> maximum oxygen consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular" title=" cardiovascular"> cardiovascular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78788/the-effect-of-a-test-pump-supplement-on-the-physiological-and-functional-performance-of-futsal-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">850</span> Passive Aeration of Wastewater: Analytical Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20M.%20El-Zahaby">Ayman M. El-Zahaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20S.%20El-Gendy"> Ahmed S. El-Gendy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aeration for wastewater is essential for the proper operation of aerobic treatment units where the wastewater normally has zero dissolved oxygen. This is due to the need of oxygen by the aerobic microorganisms to grow and survive. Typical aeration units for wastewater treatment require electric energy for their operation such as mechanical aerators or diffused aerators. The passive units are units that operate without the need of electric energy such as cascade aerators, spray aerators and tray aerators. In contrary to the cascade aerators and spray aerators, tray aerators require much smaller area foot print for their installation as the treatment stages are arranged vertically. To the extent of the authors knowledge, the design of tray aerators for the aeration purpose has not been presented in the literature. The current research concerns with an analytical study for the design of tray aerators for the purpose of increasing the dissolved oxygen in wastewater treatment systems, including an investigation on different design parameters and their impact on the aeration efficiency. The studied aerator shall act as an intermediate stage between an anaerobic primary treatment unit and an aerobic treatment unit for small scale treatment systems. Different free falling flow regimes were investigated, and the thresholds for transition between regimes were obtained from the literature. The study focused on the jetting flow regime between trays. Starting from the two film theory, an equation that relates the dissolved oxygen concentration effluent from the system was derived as a function of the flow rate, number of trays, tray area, spacing between trays, number and diameter of holes and the water temperature. A MATLab ® model was developed for the derived equation. The expected aeration efficiency under different tray configurations and operating conditions were illustrated through running the model with varying the design parameters. The impact of each parameter was illustrated. The overall system efficiency was found to increase by decreasing the hole diameter. On the other side, increasing the number of trays, tray area, flow rate per hole or tray spacing had positive effect on the system efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeration" title="aeration">aeration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical" title=" analytical"> analytical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive" title=" passive"> passive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47159/passive-aeration-of-wastewater-analytical-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">849</span> The Effect of Rowing Exercise on Elderly Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachnavy%20Pornthep">Rachnavy Pornthep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaothin%20Thawichai"> Khaothin Thawichai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of rowing ergometer exercise on older persons health. The subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 was control group (10 male and 10 female) Group 2 was experimental group (10 male and 10 female). The time for study was 12 week. Group 1 engage in normal daily activities Group 2 Training with rowing machine for 20 minutes three days a week. The average age of the experimental group was 73.7 years old, mean weight 55.4 kg, height 154.8 cm in the control group, mean age was 74.95 years, mean weight 48.6 kg, mean height 153.85 cm. Physical fitness test composted of body size, flexibility, Strength, muscle endurance and cardiovascular endurance. The comparison between the experimental and control groups before training showed that body weight, body mass index and waist to hip ratio were significantly different. The flexibility, strength, cardiovascular endurance was not significantly different. The comparison between the control group and the experimental group after training showed that body weight, body mass index and cardiovascular endurance were significantly different. The ratio of waist to hips, flexibility and muscular strength were not significantly different. Comparison of physical fitness before training and after training of the control group showed that body weight, flexibility (Sit and reach) and muscular strength (30 – Second chair stand) were significantly different. Body mass index, waist to hip ratio, muscles flexible (Shoulder girdle flexibility), muscle strength (30 – Second arm curl) and the cardiovascular endurance were not significantly difference. Comparison of physical fitness before training and after training the experimental group showed that waist to hip ratio, flexibility (sit and reach) muscle strength (30 – Second chair stand), cardiovascular endurance (Standing leg raises - up to 2 minutes) were significantly different. The Body mass index and the flexibility (Shoulder girdle flexibility) no significantly difference. The study found that exercising with rowing machine can improve the physical fitness of the elderly, especially the cardiovascular endurance, corresponding with the past research on the effects of exercise in the elderly with different exercise such as cycling, treadmill, walking on the elliptical machine. Therefore, we can conclude that exercise by using rowing machine can improve cardiovascular system and flexibility in the elderly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect" title="effect">effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rowing" title=" rowing"> rowing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title=" elderly"> elderly</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36123/the-effect-of-rowing-exercise-on-elderly-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">848</span> Mathematical Modelling of Human Cardiovascular-Respiratory System Response to Exercise in Rwanda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Marie%20Ntaganda">Jean Marie Ntaganda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Froduald%20Minani"> Froduald Minani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wellars%20Banzi"> Wellars Banzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydie%20Mpinganzima"> Lydie Mpinganzima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japhet%20Niyobuhungiro"> Japhet Niyobuhungiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Bosco%20Gahutu"> Jean Bosco Gahutu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Dusabejambo"> Vincent Dusabejambo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Immaculate%20Kambutse"> Immaculate Kambutse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a nonlinear dynamic model for the interactive mechanism of the cardiovascular and respiratory system. The model is designed and analyzed for human during physical exercises. In order to verify the adequacy of the designed model, data collected in Rwanda are used for validation. We have simulated the impact of heart rate and alveolar ventilation as controls of cardiovascular and respiratory system respectively to steady state response of the main cardiovascular hemodynamic quantities i.e., systemic arterial and venous blood pressures, arterial oxygen partial pressure and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, to the stabilised values of controls. We used data collected in Rwanda for both male and female during physical activities. We obtained a good agreement with physiological data in the literature. The model may represent an important tool to improve the understanding of exercise physiology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title="exercise">exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%2Frespiratory" title=" cardiovascular/respiratory"> cardiovascular/respiratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemodynamic%20quantities" title=" hemodynamic quantities"> hemodynamic quantities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sportsmen%20in%20Rwanda" title=" sportsmen in Rwanda"> sportsmen in Rwanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system" title=" system"> system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92998/mathematical-modelling-of-human-cardiovascular-respiratory-system-response-to-exercise-in-rwanda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic%20exercise&page=8" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic%20exercise&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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