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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:whitesmoke">Mandibular foramen</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide6oooo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Slide6oooo.JPG/250px-Slide6oooo.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Slide6oooo.JPG/375px-Slide6oooo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Slide6oooo.JPG/500px-Slide6oooo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <b>mandibular foramen</b> sits in the ramus of the <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">mandible</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray177.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray177.png/250px-Gray177.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray177.png/375px-Gray177.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray177.png/500px-Gray177.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="409" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Mandible viewed from the inner side of the mandible, showing the mandibular foramen at left.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">Mandible</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeletal system">Skeletal</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>foramen mandibulae</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/02.1.15.028%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A02.1.15.028</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=865">865</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma53172">53172</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_bone" title="Anatomical terms of bone">Anatomical terms of bone</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436583" class="extiw" title="d:Q1436583">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>mandibular foramen</b> is an opening on the internal surface of the <a href="/wiki/Ramus_of_the_mandible" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramus of the mandible">ramus of the mandible</a>. It allows for divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular nerve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a> to pass through. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibular_foramen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mandibular foramen is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus of the <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">mandible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It allows for divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular nerve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a> to pass through.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variation">Variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibular_foramen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two distinct anatomies to its rim. </p> <ul><li>In the common form the rim is V-shaped, with a groove separating the anterior and posterior parts.</li> <li>In the horizontal-oval form there is no groove, and the rim is horizontally oriented and oval in shape, the anterior and posterior parts connected.</li></ul> <p>Rarely, a bifid inferior alveolar nerve may be present, in which case a second mandibular foramen, more inferiorly placed, exists and can be detected by noting a doubled mandibular canal on a <a href="/wiki/Radiography" title="Radiography">radiograph</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibular_foramen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular nerve</a> is one of three branches of the <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">trigeminal nerve</a>, and the only one having motor innervation. One branch of it, the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_alveolar_nerve" title="Inferior alveolar nerve">inferior alveolar nerve</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_alveolar_artery" title="Inferior alveolar artery">inferior alveolar artery</a>, enter the foramen traveling through the body in the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_canal" title="Mandibular canal">mandibular canal</a> and exit at the <a href="/wiki/Mental_foramen" title="Mental foramen">mental foramen</a> on the anterior mandible at which point the nerve is known as the <a href="/wiki/Mental_nerve" title="Mental nerve">mental nerve</a>. These nerves provide sensory innervation to the lower <a href="/wiki/Teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeth">teeth</a>, as well as the lower lip and some <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a> on the lower <a href="/wiki/Face" title="Face">face</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibular_foramen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Local_anesthetic" title="Local anesthetic">Local anaesthetic</a> can be injected around the mandibular foramen to anaesthetise the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular nerve</a>, and thereby the mandible the lower <a href="/wiki/Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">teeth</a> on that side, and some <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a> on the lower face.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibular_foramen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mandibular foramen can be found in other <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibular_foramen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandibular_foramina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from behind of the mandibular foramina (red)."><img alt="View from behind of the mandibular foramina (red)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mandibular_foramina.jpg/120px-Mandibular_foramina.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mandibular_foramina.jpg/180px-Mandibular_foramina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mandibular_foramina.jpg/240px-Mandibular_foramina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from behind of the mandibular foramina (red).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibular_foramen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCampoyRead2015" class="citation book cs1">Campoy, Luis; Read, Matt (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323089357000120">"12 - Local and Regional Anesthetic Techniques"</a>. <i>Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management</i> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Mosby_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosby (publisher)">Mosby</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">224–</span>265. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-323-08935-7.00012-0">10.1016/B978-0-323-08935-7.00012-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780323089357" title="Special:BookSources/9780323089357"><bdi>9780323089357</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=12+-+Local+and+Regional+Anesthetic+Techniques&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Veterinary+Pain+Management&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E224-%3C%2Fspan%3E265&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Mosby&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-323-08935-7.00012-0&rft.isbn=9780323089357&rft.aulast=Campoy&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft.au=Read%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780323089357000120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandibular+foramen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDohertySchumacher2011" class="citation book cs1">Doherty, Tom; Schumacher, James (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702029806000155">"15 - Dental restraint and anesthesia"</a>. <i>Equine Dentistry</i> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Saunders_(imprint)" title="Saunders (imprint)">Saunders</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">241–</span>244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-7020-2980-6.00015-5">10.1016/B978-0-7020-2980-6.00015-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-2980-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-2980-6"><bdi>978-0-7020-2980-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=15+-+Dental+restraint+and+anesthesia&rft.btitle=Equine+Dentistry&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E241-%3C%2Fspan%3E244&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-7020-2980-6.00015-5&rft.isbn=978-0-7020-2980-6&rft.aulast=Doherty&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Schumacher%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780702029806000155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandibular+foramen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFehrenbachHerring2011" class="citation book cs1">Fehrenbach, Margaret; Herring, Susan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elsevier.com/books/illustrated-anatomy-of-the-head-and-neck/fehrenbach/978-1-4377-2419-6"><i>Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck</i></a> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Saunders_(imprint)" title="Saunders (imprint)">Saunders</a>. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781455706303" title="Special:BookSources/9781455706303"><bdi>9781455706303</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Anatomy+of+the+Head+and+Neck&rft.pages=59&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781455706303&rft.aulast=Fehrenbach&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.au=Herring%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.com%2Fbooks%2Fillustrated-anatomy-of-the-head-and-neck%2Ffehrenbach%2F978-1-4377-2419-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandibular+foramen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibular_foramen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/cranialnerves.htm">cranialnerves</a> at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/Images/V.jpg">V</a></i>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson1985" class="citation journal cs1">Nicholson, Michael L. (1985). "A study of the position of the mandibular foramen in the adult human mandible". <i>The Anatomical Record</i>. <b>212</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">110–</span>2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Far.1092120116">10.1002/ar.1092120116</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4073538">4073538</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11785956">11785956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Anatomical+Record&rft.atitle=A+study+of+the+position+of+the+mandibular+foramen+in+the+adult+human+mandible&rft.volume=212&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E110-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11785956%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4073538&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Far.1092120116&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Michael+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandibular+foramen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHetsonShareFrommerKronman1988" class="citation journal cs1">Hetson, George; Share, Jack; Frommer, Jack; Kronman, Joseph H. (1988). "Statistical evaluation of the position of the mandibular foramen". <i>Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology</i>. <b>65</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">32–</span>4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0030-4220%2888%2990187-9">10.1016/0030-4220(88)90187-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3422395">3422395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oral+Surgery%2C+Oral+Medicine%2C+Oral+Pathology&rft.atitle=Statistical+evaluation+of+the+position+of+the+mandibular+foramen&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0030-4220%2888%2990187-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3422395&rft.aulast=Hetson&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Share%2C+Jack&rft.au=Frommer%2C+Jack&rft.au=Kronman%2C+Joseph+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandibular+foramen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1978" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Fred H. (1978). "Evolutionary significance of the mandibular foramen area in neandertals". <i>American Journal of Physical Anthropology</i>. <b>48</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">523–</span>31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330480412">10.1002/ajpa.1330480412</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/96699">96699</a>.</cite><span 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_facial_skeleton_of_the_skull138" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Facial_bones" title="Template:Facial bones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Facial_bones" title="Template talk:Facial bones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Facial_bones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Facial bones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_facial_skeleton_of_the_skull138" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Facial_skeleton" title="Facial skeleton">facial skeleton</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Human_skull" class="mw-redirect" title="Human skull">skull</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maxilla" title="Maxilla">Maxilla</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_surface_of_the_body_of_the_maxilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior surface of the body of the maxilla">Anterior</a>: <i>fossae</i> (<a href="/wiki/Incisive_foramen" title="Incisive foramen">Incisive fossa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canine_fossa" title="Canine fossa">Canine fossa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infraorbital_foramen" title="Infraorbital foramen">Infraorbital foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital bone">Orbital bones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_nasal_spine" title="Anterior nasal spine">Anterior nasal spine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infratemporal_surface_of_the_body_of_the_maxilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Infratemporal surface of the body of the maxilla">Infratemporal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_canals" title="Alveolar canals">Alveolar canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_tuberosity" title="Maxillary tuberosity">Maxillary tuberosity</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_surface_of_the_body_of_the_maxilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital surface of the body of the maxilla">Orbital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Infraorbital_groove" title="Infraorbital groove">Infraorbital groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infraorbital_canal" title="Infraorbital canal">Infraorbital canal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_surface_of_the_body_of_the_maxilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal surface of the body of the maxilla">Nasal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Greater_palatine_canal" title="Greater palatine canal">Greater palatine canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_process_of_maxilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygomatic process of maxilla">Zygomatic process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_process_of_maxilla" title="Frontal process of maxilla">Frontal process</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agger_nasi" title="Agger nasi">Agger nasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anterior_lacrimal_crest" title="Anterior lacrimal crest">Anterior lacrimal crest</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_process" title="Alveolar process">Alveolar process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_process_of_maxilla" title="Palatine process of maxilla">Palatine process</a> (<a href="/wiki/Incisive_foramen" title="Incisive foramen">Incisive foramen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incisive_canals" title="Incisive canals">Incisive canals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foramina_of_Scarpa" title="Foramina of Scarpa">Foramina of Scarpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incisive_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Incisive bone">Incisive bone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anterior_nasal_spine" title="Anterior nasal spine">Anterior nasal spine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_maxilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Body of maxilla">Body of maxilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_sinus" title="Maxillary sinus">Maxillary sinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_bone" title="Zygomatic bone">Zygomatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_process_of_the_zygomatic_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital process of the zygomatic bone">Orbital process</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zygomatico-orbital_foramina" title="Zygomatico-orbital foramina">Zygomatico-orbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_surface_of_the_zygomatic_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal surface of the zygomatic bone">Temporal process</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zygomaticotemporal_foramen" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygomaticotemporal foramen">Zygomaticotemporal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_process_of_the_zygomatic_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral process of the zygomatic bone">Lateral process</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zygomaticofacial_foramen" title="Zygomaticofacial foramen">Zygomaticofacial</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palatine_bone" title="Palatine bone">Palatine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fossae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_fossa" title="Pterygopalatine fossa">Pterygopalatine fossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_fossa" title="Pterygoid fossa">Pterygoid fossa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_plate_of_palatine_bone" title="Horizontal plate of palatine bone">Horizontal plate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Posterior_nasal_spine" title="Posterior nasal spine">Posterior nasal spine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpendicular_plate_of_palatine_bone" title="Perpendicular plate of palatine bone">Perpendicular plate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_palatine_canal" title="Greater palatine canal">Greater palatine canal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sphenopalatine_foramen" title="Sphenopalatine foramen">Sphenopalatine foramen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_palate" title="Hard palate">Hard palate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_process_of_palatine_bone" title="Pyramidal process of palatine bone">Pyramidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_process_of_palatine_bone" title="Orbital process of palatine bone">Orbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_process_of_palatine_bone" title="Sphenoidal process of palatine bone">Sphenoidal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">Mandible</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Body</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>external surface</i> (<a href="/wiki/Chin" title="Chin">Chin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw">Jaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_prominence" title="Mandibular prominence">Mandibular prominence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_symphysis" title="Mandibular symphysis">Mandibular symphysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingual_foramen" title="Lingual foramen">Lingual foramen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mental_protuberance" title="Mental protuberance">Mental protuberance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mental_foramen" title="Mental foramen">Mental foramen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_incisive_canal" title="Mandibular incisive canal">Mandibular incisive canal</a>)</li> <li><i>internal surface</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mental_spine" title="Mental spine">Mental spine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mylohyoid_line" title="Mylohyoid line">Mylohyoid line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_fovea" title="Sublingual fovea">Sublingual fovea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Submandibular_fovea" title="Submandibular fovea">Submandibular fovea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_part_of_mandible" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar part of mandible">Alveolar part </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ramus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mylohyoid_groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Mylohyoid groove">Mylohyoid groove</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_canal" title="Mandibular canal">Mandibular canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingula_of_mandible" title="Lingula of mandible">Lingula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mandibular foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_the_mandible" title="Angle of the mandible">Angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronoid_process_of_the_mandible" title="Coronoid process of the mandible">Coronoid process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_notch" title="Mandibular notch">Mandibular notch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condyloid_process" title="Condyloid process">Condyloid process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_fovea" title="Pterygoid fovea">Pterygoid fovea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_bone" title="Nasal bone">Nasal bone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internasal_suture" class="mw-redirect" title="Internasal suture">Internasal suture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_foramina" title="Nasal foramina">Nasal foramina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_nasal_concha" title="Inferior nasal concha">Inferior nasal concha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethmoidal_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha" title="Ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha">Ethmoidal process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha" title="Maxillary process of inferior nasal concha">Maxillary process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vomer" title="Vomer">Vomer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wing_of_vomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing of vomer">Wing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_bone" title="Lacrimal bone">Lacrimal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_lacrimal_crest" title="Posterior lacrimal crest">Posterior lacrimal crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_groove" title="Lacrimal groove">Lacrimal groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_hamulus" title="Lacrimal hamulus">Lacrimal hamulus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognathism" title="Prognathism">Prognathism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retromolar_space" title="Retromolar space">Retromolar space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foramina_of_the_skull_(and_canals,_fissures,_meatus,_and_hiatus)302" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foramina_of_skull" title="Template:Foramina of skull"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foramina_of_skull" title="Template talk:Foramina of skull"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foramina_of_skull" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foramina of skull"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foramina_of_the_skull_(and_canals,_fissures,_meatus,_and_hiatus)302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_foramina_of_the_human_body" title="List of foramina of the human body">Foramina of the skull</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Canal_(anatomy)" title="Canal (anatomy)">canals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fissure_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fissure (anatomy)">fissures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meatus" title="Meatus">meatus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hiatus_(anatomy)" title="Hiatus (anatomy)">hiatus</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_cranial_fossa" title="Anterior cranial fossa">Anterior cranial fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)" title="Orbit (anatomy)">Orbit</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ethmoidal foramina</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_ethmoidal_foramen" title="Anterior ethmoidal foramen">anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_ethmoidal_foramen" title="Posterior ethmoidal foramen">posterior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Nasal_cavity" title="Nasal cavity">Nasal cavity</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_foramina" title="Olfactory foramina">olfactory foramina</a> (CN-I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_cecum_(frontal_bone)" title="Foramen cecum (frontal bone)">foramen cecum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_cranial_fossa" title="Middle cranial fossa">Middle cranial fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)" title="Orbit (anatomy)">Orbit</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optic_canal" title="Optic canal">optic canal</a> (CN-II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_orbital_fissure" title="Superior orbital fissure">superior orbital fissure</a> (CN-III,IV,V1,VI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_fossa" title="Pterygopalatine fossa">Pterygopalatine fossa</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_rotundum" title="Foramen rotundum">foramen rotundum</a> (CN-V2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_canal" title="Pterygoid canal">pterygoid canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Infratemporal_fossa" title="Infratemporal fossa">Infratemporal fossa</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_ovale_(skull)" title="Foramen ovale (skull)">foramen ovale</a> (CN-V3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_spinosum" title="Foramen spinosum">foramen spinosum</a>/<a href="/wiki/Carotid_canal" title="Carotid canal">carotid canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_lacerum" title="Foramen lacerum">foramen lacerum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiatus_for_greater_petrosal_nerve" title="Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve">hiatus for greater petrosal nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiatus_for_lesser_petrosal_nerve" title="Hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve">hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_emissary_foramen" title="Sphenoidal emissary foramen">sphenoidal emissary foramen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_cranial_fossa" title="Posterior cranial fossa">Posterior cranial fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_auditory_meatus" title="Internal auditory meatus">internal auditory meatus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Facial_canal" title="Facial canal">facial canal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Stylomastoid_foramen" title="Stylomastoid foramen">stylomastoid foramen</a> (CN-VII,VIII)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugular_foramen" title="Jugular foramen">jugular foramen</a> (CN-IX,X,XI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_magnum" title="Foramen magnum">foramen magnum</a> (CN-XI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_canal" title="Hypoglossal canal">hypoglossal canal</a> (CN-XII)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condylar_canal" title="Condylar canal">condylar canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_foramen" title="Mastoid foramen">mastoid foramen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)" title="Orbit (anatomy)">Orbit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Nasal_cavity" title="Nasal cavity">Nasal cavity</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasolacrimal_canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasolacrimal canal">nasolacrimal canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Face" title="Face">face</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>supraorbital</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supraorbital_notch" class="mw-redirect" title="Supraorbital notch">notch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supraorbital_foramen" title="Supraorbital foramen">foramen</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>infraorbital</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infraorbital_foramen" title="Infraorbital foramen">foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infraorbital_groove" title="Infraorbital groove">groove</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>zygomatic foramen</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zygomaticofacial_foramen" title="Zygomaticofacial foramen">-facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomaticotemporal_foramen" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygomaticotemporal foramen">-temporal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_fossa" title="Pterygopalatine fossa">Pterygopalatine fossa</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_orbital_fissure" title="Inferior orbital fissure">inferior orbital fissure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_orbital_fissure" title="Inferior orbital fissure">Inferior orbital fissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_for_lacrimal_sac" title="Fossa for lacrimal sac">Fossa for lacrimal sac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_fossa" title="Pterygopalatine fossa">Pterygopalatine fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Nasal_cavity" title="Nasal cavity">Nasal cavity</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sphenopalatine_foramen" title="Sphenopalatine foramen">sphenopalatine foramen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">Oral cavity</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_palatine_canal" title="Greater palatine canal">greater palatine canal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_palatine_foramen" title="Greater palatine foramen">foramen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_palatine_canals" title="Lesser palatine canals">lesser palatine canals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_palatine_foramina" title="Lesser palatine foramina">foramina</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Infratemporal_fossa" title="Infratemporal fossa">Infratemporal fossa</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pterygomaxillary_fissure" title="Pterygomaxillary fissure">pterygomaxillary fissure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Nasopharynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasopharynx">Nasopharynx</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palatovaginal_canal" title="Palatovaginal canal">palatovaginal canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">oral cavity</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incisive_canals" title="Incisive canals">incisive canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incisive_foramen" title="Incisive foramen">incisive foramen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">to <a href="/wiki/Nasal_cavity" title="Nasal cavity">nasal cavity</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foramen_vomerinum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foramen vomerinum (page does not exist)">foramen vomerinum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meatus_vomerinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meatus vomerinus (page does not exist)">meatus vomerinus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fissura_vomerina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fissura vomerina (page does not exist)">fissura vomerina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiatus_vomerinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiatus vomerinus (page does not exist)">hiatus vomerinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ear_canal" title="Ear canal">external acoustic meatus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">mandibular foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_foramen" title="Mental foramen">mental foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_foramina" title="Parietal foramina">parietal foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrotympanic_fissure" title="Petrotympanic fissure">petrotympanic fissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semilunar_hiatus" title="Semilunar hiatus">semilunar hiatus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox576" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A02.1.15.028">Terminologia Anatomica</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandibular_foramen&oldid=1224464273">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandibular_foramen&oldid=1224464273</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Foramina_of_the_skull" 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