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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Patogenicidade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patogenicidade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Patogenicidade</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Patogenicidade-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Patogenicidade</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Patogenicidade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Patogenicidade_dependente_do_contexto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patogenicidade_dependente_do_contexto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Patogenicidade dependente do contexto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patogenicidade_dependente_do_contexto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conceitos_relacionados" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conceitos_relacionados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Conceitos relacionados</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conceitos_relacionados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Virulência" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virulência"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Virulência</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virulência-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transmissão" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transmissão"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Transmissão</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transmissão-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipos_de_patógenos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipos_de_patógenos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tipos de patógenos</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tipos_de_patógenos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Tipos de patógenos</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tipos_de_patógenos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Algas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Algas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bactérias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bactérias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bactérias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bactérias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fungos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fungos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fungos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fungos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Príons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Príons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Príons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Príons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viroides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viroides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Viroides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viroides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vírus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vírus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Vírus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vírus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outros_parasitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_parasitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Outros parasitas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_parasitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospedeiros_de_patógenos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospedeiros_de_patógenos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hospedeiros de patógenos</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hospedeiros_de_patógenos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Hospedeiros de patógenos</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hospedeiros_de_patógenos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bactéria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bactéria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bactéria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bactéria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plantas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plantas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Plantas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plantas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Animais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Humanos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Índice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Agente patogénico</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 83 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogeen" title="Patogeen — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Patogeen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krankheitserreger" title="Krankheitserreger — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Krankheitserreger" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%9D" title="ጀርም — amárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="ممراض — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ممراض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axente_biol%C3%B3xicu_pat%C3%B3xenu" title="Axente biolóxicu patóxenu — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Axente biolóxicu patóxenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Патаген — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Патаген" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Патоген — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Патоген" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="रोगकारी — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रोगकारी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%81" title="রোগ জীবাণু — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোগ জীবাণু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="ནད་སྲིན་ — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནད་སྲིན་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%B1" title="نەخۆشخەر — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەخۆشخەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pathogen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krankheitserreger" title="Krankheitserreger — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krankheitserreger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Παθογόνος μικροοργανισμός — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παθογόνος μικροοργανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pathogen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infekta_agento" title="Infekta agento — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Infekta agento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agente_biol%C3%B3gico_pat%C3%B3geno" title="Agente biológico patógeno — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agente biológico patógeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogeen" title="Patogeen — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Patogeen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogeno" title="Patogeno — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Patogeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="بیماری‌زا — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیماری‌زا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogeeni" title="Patogeeni — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Patogeeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_infectieux" title="Agent infectieux — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Agent infectieux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataigin" title="Pataigin — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pataigin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axente_biol%C3%B3xico_pat%C3%B3xeno" title="Axente biolóxico patóxeno — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Axente biolóxico patóxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9F" title="פתוגן — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פתוגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95" title="रोगजनक — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोगजनक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patoj%C3%A8n" title="Patojèn — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Patojèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3rokoz%C3%B3" title="Kórokozó — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kórokozó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Հարուցիչ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարուցիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDkill" title="Sýkill — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sýkill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microrganismo_patogeno" title="Microrganismo patogeno — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Microrganismo patogeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%85%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93" title="病原体 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="病原体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%81" title="ರೋಗಾಣು — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೋಗಾಣು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%91%EC%9B%90%EC%B2%B4" title="병원체 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="병원체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogenas" title="Patogenas — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Patogenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patog%C4%93ns" title="Patogēns — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Patogēns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otrikaretina" title="Otrikaretina — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Otrikaretina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Патоген — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Патоген" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="രോഗകാരി — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രോഗകാരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ရောဂါပိုးမွှားများ — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရောဂါပိုးမွှားများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tung%C3%B6" title="Tungö — nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Tungö" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogeen" title="Pathogeen — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pathogeen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%81" title="ଜୀବାଣୁ — oriá" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜୀବାଣୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="ممراض — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ممراض" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%81%DB%90%DA%96%D9%86" title="رنځېږن — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رنځېږن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unquchiq" title="Unquchiq — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Unquchiq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_patogen" title="Agent patogen — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Agent patogen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Патоген — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Патоген" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%85" title="جراثيم — sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جراثيم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%9A" title="ව්‍යාධිජනක — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ව්‍යාධිජනක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pathogen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patog%C3%A9n" title="Patogén — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Patogén" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiparadenda" title="Chiparadenda — shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiparadenda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogjeni" title="Patogjeni — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Patogjeni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuman" title="Kuman — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kuman" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patogen" title="Patogen — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Patogen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathojeni" title="Pathojeni — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pathojeni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF" title="நோய்க்காரணி — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நோய்க்காரணி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="పాథోజెన్ — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాథోజెన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84" title="จุลชีพก่อโรค — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จุลชีพก่อโรค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patojen" title="Patojen — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Patojen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Патоген — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Патоген" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="ممراض — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ممراض" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A7m_b%E1%BB%87nh" title="Mầm bệnh — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mầm bệnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%85%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93" title="病原体 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="病原体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%85%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93" title="病原体 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="病原体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%85%E5%8E%9F%E9%AB%94" title="病原體 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="病原體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGciwane" title="IGciwane — zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IGciwane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170065#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Agente_patog%C3%A9nico" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Agente_patog%C3%A9nico" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Agente_patog%C3%A9nico"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Agente_patog%C3%A9nico"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Agente_patog%C3%A9nico" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Agente_patog%C3%A9nico" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&oldid=64156131" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&id=64156131&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAgente_patog%25C3%25A9nico"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAgente_patog%25C3%25A9nico"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Agente+patog%C3%A9nico"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Microbial_pathogens" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170065" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> "Germe" redireciona para este artigo. 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" 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style="max-width:300px;float:right;padding:0 0.4em;border:1px solid #aaa;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.4em"><div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:120%">Agente patogénico</div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Shigella_stool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shigella_stool.jpg/300px-Shigella_stool.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shigella_stool.jpg/450px-Shigella_stool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shigella_stool.jpg/600px-Shigella_stool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div></div><table style="table-layout:fixed;width:100%;text-align:left;word-break:break-word"><caption style="background-color:#f5f5f5;font-weight:bold;margin-top:0.2em"></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row">Subclasse de</th><td><span><span>disease causative agent</span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Risco_biol%C3%B3gico" title="Risco biológico">risco biológico</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo">organismo</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065#P279" title="Editar"><img alt="Editar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Causa de</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/Doen%C3%A7a_infecciosa" title="Doença infecciosa">doença infeciosa</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Infec%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Infecção">infeção</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065#P1542" title="Editar"><img alt="Editar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Tem característica</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/Patogenicidade" title="Patogenicidade">Patogenicidade</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065#P1552" title="Editar"><img alt="Editar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Hospedeiro</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/Vetor_(epidemiologia)" title="Vetor (epidemiologia)">vetor</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065#P2975" title="Editar"><img alt="Editar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Oposto de</th><td><span><span>nonpathogenic organisms</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065#P461" title="Editar"><img alt="Editar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Em <a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">biologia</a>, um <span class="no-conversion"><b><span lang="pt-pt">agente patogénico</span></b> <sup>(<a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%AAs_europeu" title="Português europeu">português europeu</a>)</sup> ou <b><span lang="pt-br">agente patogênico</span></b> <sup>(<a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%AAs_brasileiro" title="Português brasileiro">português brasileiro</a>)</sup></span> ou <b>patógeno</b> (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega" title="Língua grega">grego</a>: <span lang="el" class="politonico"> πάθος</span> <i>pathos</i> "sofrimento", "paixão" e -γενής <i>-genēs</i> "produtor de"), no sentido mais antigo e amplo, é qualquer <a href="/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo">organismo</a> que pode produzir <a href="/wiki/Doen%C3%A7a" title="Doença">doença</a>. Um patógeno também pode ser referido como um também chamado de <b>agente infeccioso</b> ou <b>etiológico animado</b>. O termo <i>patógeno</i> é tipicamente usado para descrever um organismo ou agente infeccioso, como um <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADrus" title="Vírus">vírus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A9ria" title="Bactéria">bactéria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protozo%C3%A1rio" title="Protozoário">protozoário</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADon" title="Príon">príon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viroide" title="Viroide">viroide</a>, ou <a href="/wiki/Fungo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungo">fungo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alberts_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alberts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Animais pequenos, como certos tipos de vermes e larvas de insetos, também podem produzir doenças. No entanto, esses animais são geralmente, na linguagem comum, referidos como <a href="/wiki/Parasita" title="Parasita">parasitas</a> em vez de patógenos. O estudo científico de organismos microscópicos, incluindo organismos patogênicos microscópicos, é chamado de <a href="/wiki/Microbiologia" title="Microbiologia">microbiologia</a>, enquanto o estudo de doenças que podem incluir esses patógenos é chamado de <a href="/wiki/Patologia" title="Patologia">patologia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parasitologia" title="Parasitologia">Parasitologia</a>, entretanto, é o estudo científico dos parasitas e dos organismos que os hospedam. </p><p>Existem várias vias pelas quais os patógenos podem invadir um hospedeiro. As principais vias têm diferentes intervalos de tempo episódicos, mas o solo tem o maior potencial ou o potencial mais persistente para abrigar um patógeno. As doenças em humanos causadas por agentes infecciosos são conhecidas como doenças patogênicas. Nem todas as doenças são causadas por patógenos; outras causas são, por exemplo, <a href="/wiki/Toxina" title="Toxina">toxinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doen%C3%A7a_gen%C3%A9tica" title="Doença genética">doenças genéticas</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Doen%C3%A7a_autoimune" title="Doença autoimune">sistema imunológico do próprio hospedeiro</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patogenicidade">Patogenicidade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Patogenicidade" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Patogenicidade"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Patogenicidade" title="Patogenicidade">Patogenicidade</a> é a capacidade de um organismo em causar doença por meio da superação das defesas do hospedeiro. A patogenicidade relaciona-se com a virulência, que por sua vez denota o grau de patogenicidade.<sup id="cite_ref-Tortora_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tortora-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Por este padrão, um organismo pode ser considerado patogênico ou não patogênico em um determinado contexto, mas não "mais patogênico" do que outro. Essas comparações são descritas em termos de virulência relativa. A patogenicidade também é distinta da transmissibilidade do vírus, que quantifica o risco de infecção.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Um patógeno pode ser descrito em termos de sua capacidade de produzir toxinas, invadir o tecido biológico, colonizar, sequestrar nutrientes e sua capacidade de <a href="/wiki/Imunossupress%C3%A3o" title="Imunossupressão">imunossupressão</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patogenicidade_dependente_do_contexto">Patogenicidade dependente do contexto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Patogenicidade dependente do contexto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Patogenicidade dependente do contexto"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>É comum se referir a uma espécie inteira de bactéria como patogênica quando esta é identificada como a causadora de uma doença (<a href="/wiki/Postulados_de_Koch" title="Postulados de Koch">Postulados de Koch</a>). Contudo, a visão moderna é a de que a patogenicidade depende do ecossistema microbiano como um todo. Uma bactéria pode participar de <a href="/wiki/Infec%C3%A7%C3%A3o_oportunista" class="mw-redirect" title="Infecção oportunista">infecções oportunistas</a> em hospedeiros <a href="/wiki/Imunocomprometido" class="mw-redirect" title="Imunocomprometido">imunocomprometidos</a>, adquirir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fator_de_virul%C3%AAncia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fator de virulência (página não existe)">fator de virulência</a> por infecção de <a href="/wiki/Plasm%C3%ADdeo" title="Plasmídeo">plasmídeo</a>, ser transferida para um local diferente dentro do hospedeiro ou responder a mudanças no número total de outras bactérias presentes. Por exemplo, a infecção mesentérica de <a href="/wiki/Linfonodo" title="Linfonodo">linfonodos</a> de camundongos com <i><a href="/wiki/Yersinia" title="Yersinia">Yersinia</a></i> pode abrir caminho para a infecção contínua desses locais por <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus" title="Lactobacillus">Lactobacillus</a></i>, possivelmente por um mecanismo de "cicatriz imunológica".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conceitos_relacionados">Conceitos relacionados</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Conceitos relacionados" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Conceitos relacionados"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Virulência"><span id="Virul.C3.AAncia"></span>Virulência</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Virulência" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Virulência"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Virul%C3%AAncia" title="Virulência">virulência</a> corresponde a capacidade relativa de um patógeno em provocar doenças, sendo resultado de <a href="/wiki/Intera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_pat%C3%B3geno-hospedeiro" title="Interação patógeno-hospedeiro">interações patógeno-hospedeiro</a>, e é influenciada pelas constantes alterações do patógeno, do hospedeiro e do ambiente. Nem a virulência do patógeno, nem a resistência relativa do hospedeiro são fatores constantes.<sup id="cite_ref-Brock_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brock-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transmissão"><span id="Transmiss.C3.A3o"></span>Transmissão</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Transmissão" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Transmissão"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69236695">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span> Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Transmiss%C3%A3o_(medicina)" title="Transmissão (medicina)">Transmissão (medicina)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipos_de_patógenos"><span id="Tipos_de_pat.C3.B3genos"></span>Tipos de patógenos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Tipos de patógenos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Tipos de patógenos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algas">Algas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Algas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Algas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span> Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">Alga</a></div> <p>As algas são organismos eucarióticos que geralmente não são patogênicos, embora existam variedades patogênicas, como as algas aclorofiladas do gênero <i>Prototheca</i>, que causam a prototecose, uma doença encontrada em cães, gatos, gado e humanos. Em humanos, a protetecose é rara, ocorrendo principalmente em pacientes imunocomprometidos.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> <i>Prototheca wickerhamii</i> e <i>Prototheca zopfii</i> foram associadas a doenças humanas.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bactérias"><span id="Bact.C3.A9rias"></span>Bactérias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar secção: Bactérias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bactérias"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span> Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A9ria_patog%C3%AAnica" class="mw-redirect" title="Bactéria patogênica">Bactéria patogênica</a></div> <p>A grande maioria das bactérias, que podem variar entre 0,15 e 700 μM de comprimento, são inofensivas ou benéficas para os humanos. No entanto, uma lista relativamente pequena de bactérias patogênicas pode causar doenças infecciosas. As bactérias patogênicas têm várias maneiras de causar doenças. Eles podem afetar diretamente as células do hospedeiro, produzir endotoxinas que danificam as células do hospedeiro ou causar uma resposta imune forte o suficiente para que as células do hospedeiro sejam danificadas. </p><p>Muitas vezes, as bactérias patogênicas e as não-patogênicas diferem em um número relativamente pequeno de genes. Os genes que contribuem para a capacidade de um organismo de causar doença são os genes de virulência, e as proteínas que eles codificam são chamadas de fatores de virulência. Frequentemente, tais genes estão agrupados no cromossomo bacteriano (clusters); agrupamentos grandes são chamados de ilhas de patogenicidade.<sup id="cite_ref-Alberts_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alberts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fungos">Fungos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar secção: Fungos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Fungos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span> Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></div> <p>A maioria das espécies de <a href="/wiki/Fungo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungo">fungos</a> é inofensiva, sendo relativamente baixa a incidência global de infecções fúngicas sérias em humanos saudáveis, embora certas infecções superficiais sejam relativamente comuns. Em indivíduos imunocomprometidos, infecções fúngicas podem se tornar sistêmicas. Exemplos de patógenos fúngicos mais comuns incluem tanto <a href="/wiki/Levedura" title="Levedura">leveduras</a> quanto <a href="/wiki/Bolor" title="Bolor">bolores</a>, e também espécies dimórficas, que podem existir tanto como <a href="/wiki/Levedura" title="Levedura">levedura</a> quanto na forma filamentosa.<sup id="cite_ref-Brock_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brock-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Exemplos de patógenos fúngicos que infectam humanos incluem <i><a href="/wiki/Candida_albicans" title="Candida albicans">Candida albicans</a></i>, que é a causa mais comum de <a href="/wiki/Candid%C3%ADase" title="Candidíase">candidíase</a> (sapinho), e <i><a href="/wiki/Cryptococcus_neoformans" title="Cryptococcus neoformans">Cryptococcus neoformans</a></i>, que pode causar uma forma grave de <a href="/wiki/Meningite" title="Meningite">meningite</a>. O tamanho típico dos esporos de fungos é menor que 4,7 μm de comprimento, mas alguns esporos podem ser maiores.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Príons"><span id="Pr.C3.ADons"></span>Príons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar secção: Príons" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Príons"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span> Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADon" title="Príon">Príon</a></div> <p>Os <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADons" class="mw-redirect" title="Príons">príons</a> são formas aberrantes de <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%ADna" title="Proteína">proteínas</a>, que agem como agentes infecciosos responsáveis por doenças degenerativas do <a href="/wiki/Sistema_nervoso" title="Sistema nervoso">sistema nervoso</a>. Os príons existem em duas conformações, a forma celular nativa (normal) e sua forma patogênica. Eles não contêm nenhuma informação genética (<a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a> ou <a href="/wiki/RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a>), mas "replicam-se" pela conversão de proteínas normais, codificados pela célula hospedeira, para a conformação patogênica. Podem ser transmitidos hereditariamente, de ocorrência esporádica ou adquiridas de material contaminado.<sup id="cite_ref-prion_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prion-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> São conhecidas oito doenças causadas por príons e que afetam <a href="/wiki/Mam%C3%ADfero" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamífero">mamíferos</a>, como <a href="/wiki/Scrapie" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrapie">scrapie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encefalopatia_espongiforme_bovina" title="Encefalopatia espongiforme bovina">encefalopatia espongiforme bovina</a> (doença da vaca louca) e encefalopatia espongiforme felina. Os humanos podem ser afetados por dez doenças, como a <a href="/wiki/Doen%C3%A7a_de_Creutzfeldt-Jakob" title="Doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob">doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Ins%C3%B4nia_familiar_fatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Insônia familiar fatal">insônia familiar fatal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brock_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brock-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viroides">Viroides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar secção: Viroides" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Viroides"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span> Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Viroide" title="Viroide">Viroide</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Viroide" title="Viroide">Viroides</a> são moléculas de <a href="/wiki/RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a> infeccioso que diferem dos vírus pelo fato de serem desprovidos de um envoltório proteico. Os viroides correspondem a pequenas moléculas circulares de RNA de fita simples, estando entre os menores patógenos conhecidos. Eles variam em tamanho de 246 a 399 nucleotídeos e exibem considerável grau de homologia de sequência, sugerindo que possuam raízes evolutivas comuns. Os viroides causam importantes doenças em plantas, e podem representar um grave impacto na agricultura. Não são conhecidos viroides que infectam animais ou microrganismos.<sup id="cite_ref-Brock_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brock-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vírus"><span id="V.C3.ADrus"></span>Vírus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar secção: Vírus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Vírus"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span> Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADrus" title="Vírus">Vírus</a></div> <p>Os <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADrus" title="Vírus">vírus</a> são pequenos agentes infecciosos, tipicamente medindo entre 20 e 1.000 nanômetros de comprimento,<sup id="cite_ref-Tortora_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tortora-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> contendo RNA ou DNA. São desprovidos de metabolismo próprio e requerem uma célula viva hospedeira para se replicar. Algumas das doenças causadas por patógenos virais incluem <a href="/wiki/Var%C3%ADola" title="Varíola">varíola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gripe" title="Gripe">gripe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caxumba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caxumba">caxumba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarampo" title="Sarampo">sarampo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varicela" title="Varicela">varicela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebola" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola">ebola</a>, <a href="/wiki/HIV" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV">HIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9ola" title="Rubéola">rubéola</a> e <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>. Os vírus patogênicos são principalmente das famílias: <a href="/wiki/Adenoviridae" title="Adenoviridae">Adenoviridae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">Coronaviridae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picornaviridae" title="Picornaviridae">Picornaviridae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herpesviridae" title="Herpesviridae">Herpesviridae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepadnaviridae" title="Hepadnaviridae">Hepadnaviridae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flaviviridae" title="Flaviviridae">Flaviviridae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retroviridae" title="Retroviridae">Retroviridae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthomyxoviridae" title="Orthomyxoviridae">Orthomyxoviridae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramyxoviridae" title="Paramyxoviridae">Paramyxoviridae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhabdoviridae" title="Rhabdoviridae">Rhabdoviridae</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Togaviridae" title="Togaviridae">Togaviridae</a>. O HIV é um membro notável da família <a href="/wiki/Retroviridae" title="Retroviridae">Retroviridae</a>, que afetou aproximadamente 38 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo em 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros_parasitas">Outros parasitas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar secção: Outros parasitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Outros parasitas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hospedeiros_de_patógenos"><span id="Hospedeiros_de_pat.C3.B3genos"></span>Hospedeiros de patógenos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editar secção: Hospedeiros de patógenos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Hospedeiros de patógenos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bactéria"><span id="Bact.C3.A9ria"></span>Bactéria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editar secção: Bactéria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bactéria"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Embora as próprias bactérias possam ser agentes patogênicos, elas também podem ser infectadas por patógenos. <a href="/wiki/Bacteri%C3%B3fagos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteriófagos">Bacteriófagos</a> são vírus, também conhecidos como fagos, que infectam bactérias e geralmente levam à morte da bactéria infectada. Existem bacteriófagos que infectam todos os tipos de bactérias, incluindo <a href="/wiki/Gram-negativas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram-negativas">gram-negativas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gram-positivas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram-positivas">gram-positivas</a>. Mesmo bactérias patogênicas que infectam outras espécies, incluindo humanos, podem ser infectadas com um fago.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plantas">Plantas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Editar secção: Plantas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Plantas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Planta" class="mw-redirect" title="Planta">Plantas</a> podem hospedar uma ampla gama de patógenos, incluindo vírus, bactérias, fungos, <a href="/wiki/Nematoide" class="mw-redirect" title="Nematoide">nematoides</a>, etc. Alguns exemplos de <a href="/wiki/Fitov%C3%ADrus" title="Fitovírus">fitovírus</a> incluem o <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADrus_do_mosaico_do_tabaco" title="Vírus do mosaico do tabaco">vírus do mosaico do tabaco</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%ADrus_da_mancha_anelar_do_mamoeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vírus da mancha anelar do mamoeiro (página não existe)">vírus da mancha anelar do mamoeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosaico_dourado" title="Mosaico dourado">mosaico dourado</a>, entre outros. As plantas também podem ser infectadas por patógenos bacterianos, como no caso do <a href="/wiki/Cancro_c%C3%ADtrico" title="Cancro cítrico">cancro cítrico</a>, talo-oco, pinta-bacteriana, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> Fungos são outro tipo de patógeno para plantas, podendo causar uma ampla variedade de problemas; exemplos de doenças causadas por patógenos fúngicos em plantas incluem a <a href="/wiki/Ferrugem_asi%C3%A1tica" title="Ferrugem asiática">ferrugem asiática</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrugem-do-caf%C3%A9" title="Ferrugem-do-café">ferrugem-do-café</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fusariose_do_trigo" title="Fusariose do trigo">fusariose do trigo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Grafiose" title="Grafiose">grafiose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> Estima-se que fungos patogênicos por si só causem uma redução de até 65% no rendimento da colheita. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animais">Animais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Editar secção: Animais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=17" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Animais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os animais costumam ser infectados com muitos patógenos iguais ou semelhantes aos humanos, incluindo príons, vírus, bactérias e fungos. Tanto animais silvestres quanto domésticos podem contrair uma ampla gama de patógenos. Estima-se que, em ambientes rurais, 90% ou mais das mortes de animais podem ser atribuídas a patógenos.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A doença priônica <a href="/wiki/Encefalopatia_espongiforme_bovina" title="Encefalopatia espongiforme bovina">encefalopatia espongiforme bovina</a>, comumente conhecida como doença da vaca louca, é uma das principais doenças causadas por príons que afetam os animais.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> Outras doenças animais incluem uma variedade de distúrbios de imunodeficiência que são causados por vírus relacionados ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) incluindo o vírus da imunodeficiência bovina (BIV) e o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humanos">Humanos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Editar secção: Humanos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_patog%C3%A9nico&action=edit&section=18" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Humanos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os seres humanos podem ser infectados com muitos tipos de patógenos, incluindo príons, vírus, bactérias e fungos. Os vírus e bactérias que infectam humanos podem causar sintomas como <a href="/wiki/Espirro" title="Espirro">espirros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tosse" title="Tosse">tosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Febre" title="Febre">febre</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B4mito" title="Vômito">vômito</a> e até levar à morte. Alguns desses sintomas são causados pelo próprio vírus, enquanto outros são causados pelo <a href="/wiki/Sistema_imunol%C3%B3gico" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema imunológico">sistema imunológico</a> da pessoa infectada.<sup id="cite_ref-Alberts_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alberts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Alberts-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alberts_1-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alberts_1-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alberts_1-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Alberts, B.; et al. (2017). «Patógenos e infecção». <i>Biologia molecular da célula</i> 6 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=Pat%C3%B3genos+e+infec%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Julian&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.aulast=Alberts&rft.btitle=Biologia+molecular+da+c%C3%A9lula&rft.date=2017&rft.edition=6&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Porto+Alegre&rft.pub=Artmed&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tortora-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tortora_2-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tortora_2-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tortora, Gerard J.; Funke, Berdell R.; Case, Christine L. (2017). <i>Microbiologia</i> 12 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-85-8271-354-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-85-8271-354-9">978-85-8271-354-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.au=Case%2C+Christine+L.&rft.au=Funke%2C+Berdell+R.&rft.aufirst=Gerard+J.&rft.aulast=Tortora&rft.btitle=Microbiologia&rft.date=2017&rft.edition=12&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-85-8271-354-9&rft.place=Porto+Alegre&rft.pub=Artmed&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20170424233603/http://www.coloss.org/beebook/II/virus/1/2">«1.2. Definitions: pathogenicity vs virulence; incidence vs prevalence»</a>. COLOSS. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coloss.org/beebook/II/virus/1/2">original</a> em 24 de abril de 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.btitle=1.2.+Definitions%3A+pathogenicity+vs+virulence%3B+incidence+vs+prevalence&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=COLOSS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coloss.org%2Fbeebook%2FII%2Fvirus%2F1%2F2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Nathan, Carl (2015). «From transient infection to chronic disease». <i>Science</i>. <b>350</b> (6257). 161 páginas. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Sci...350..161N">2015Sci...350..161N</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26450196">26450196</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aad4141">10.1126/science.aad4141</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=From+transient+infection+to+chronic+disease&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.aulast=Nathan&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6257&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.volume=350&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Sci...350..161N&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aad4141&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26450196&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brock-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brock_5-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brock_5-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brock_5-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brock_5-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Madigan, Michael T. (2016). <i>Microbiologia de Brock</i> 14 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed. 714 páginas</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.aufirst=Michael+T.&rft.aulast=Madigan&rft.btitle=Microbiologia+de+Brock&rft.date=2016&rft.edition=14&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Porto+Alegre&rft.pub=Artmed&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: número-autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_n%C3%BAmero-autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: número-autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Camboim, Expedito K.A.; Neves, Patrícia B.; Garino Júnior, Felício; Medeiros, Josemar M.; Riet-Correa, Franklin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2010000100015">«Prototecose: uma doença emergente»</a>. <i>Pesq. Vet. Bras</i>. <b>30</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0100-736X">0100-736X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1590%2FS0100-736X2010000100015">10.1590/S0100-736X2010000100015</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=Prototecose%3A+uma+doen%C3%A7a+emergente&rft.au=Garino+J%C3%BAnior%2C+Fel%C3cio&rft.au=Medeiros%2C+Josemar+M.&rft.au=Neves%2C+Patr%C3cia+B.&rft.au=Riet-Correa%2C+Franklin&rft.aufirst=Expedito+K.A.&rft.aulast=Camboim&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0100-736X&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Pesq.+Vet.+Bras&rft.volume=30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_arttext%26pid%3DS0100-736X2010000100015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS0100-736X2010000100015&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lass-Flörl, Cornelia; Mayr, Astrid (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865593/">«Human Protothecosis»</a>. <i>Clin Microbiol Rev</i>. <b>20</b> (2): 230–242. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865593">1865593</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1128%2FCMR.00032-06">10.1128/CMR.00032-06</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=Human+Protothecosis&rft.au=Mayr%2C+Astrid&rft.aufirst=Cornelia&rft.aulast=Lass-Fl%C3%B6rl&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Clin+Microbiol+Rev.&rft.pages=230-242&rft.volume=20&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1865593&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1865593%2F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FCMR.00032-06&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Yamamoto, N.; Bibby, K.; Qian, J.; Hospodsky, D.; Rismani-Yazdi, H.; Nazaroff, W. W.; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3446800">«Particle-size distributions and seasonal diversity of allergenic and pathogenic fungi in outdoor air»</a>. <i>ISME J.</i> (em inglês). <b>6</b> (10): 1801–1811. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3446800">3446800</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22476354">22476354</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fismej.2012.30">10.1038/ismej.2012.30</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=Particle-size+distributions+and+seasonal+diversity+of+allergenic+and+pathogenic+fungi+in+outdoor+air&rft.au=Bibby%2C+K.&rft.au=Hospodsky%2C+D.&rft.au=Nazaroff%2C+W.+W.&rft.au=Peccia%2C+J.&rft.au=Qian%2C+J.&rft.au=Rismani-Yazdi%2C+H.&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.aulast=Yamamoto&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=ISME+J.&rft.pages=1801-1811&rft.volume=6&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3446800&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3446800&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fismej.2012.30&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22476354&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prion-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-prion_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gambetti, Pierluigi (15 de dezembro de 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/pt/profissional/distúrbios-neurológicos/doenças-priônicas/visão-geral-das-doenças-priônicas">«Considerações gerais sobre doenças causadas por príons»</a>. <i>Manuais MSD Profissionais</i>. Merck and Co., Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 4 de dezembro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=Considera%C3%A7%C3%B5es+gerais+sobre+doen%C3%A7as+causadas+por+pr%C3ons&rft.aufirst=Pierluigi&rft.aulast=Gambetti&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manuais+MSD+Profissionais&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msdmanuals.com%2Fpt%2Fprofissional%2Fdist%C3%BArbios-neurol%C3%B3gicos%2Fdoen%C3%A7as-pri%C3%B4nicas%2Fvis%C3%A3o-geral-das-doen%C3%A7as-pri%C3%B4nicas&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/global-statistics">«Global Statistics | HIV»</a>. hiv.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 4 de dezembro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.btitle=Global+Statistics+%7C+HIV&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=hiv.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hiv.gov%2Fhiv-basics%2Foverview%2Fdata-and-trends%2Fglobal-statistics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kutter, E. (2001). «Bacteriophages». In: Brenner, S.; Miller, J. H. <i>Encyclopedia of Genetics</i>. [S.l.]: Academic Press. pp. 179–186. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780122270802" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780122270802">9780122270802</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Frwgn.2001.0106">10.1006/rwgn.2001.0106</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=Bacteriophages&rft.au=Kutter%2C+E.&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Genetics&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780122270802&rft.pages=179-186&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Frwgn.2001.0106&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.embrapa.br/hortalicas/tomate-de-mesa/doencas-causadas-por-bacterias">«Doenças causadas por bactérias»</a>. Embrapa Hortaliças</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.btitle=Doen%C3%A7as+causadas+por+bact%C3%A9rias&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Embrapa+Hortali%C3%A7as&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.embrapa.br%2Fhortalicas%2Ftomate-de-mesa%2Fdoencas-causadas-por-bacterias&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpatsa.embrapa.br:8080/sistema_producao/spuva/doencas.html">«Cultivo da Videira | Doenças»</a>. Embrapa</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.btitle=Cultivo+da+Videira+%7C+Doen%C3%A7as&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Embrapa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpatsa.embrapa.br%3A8080%2Fsistema_producao%2Fspuva%2Fdoencas.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Thumbi, Samuel M.; Bronsvoort, Mark B. M. de C.; Kiara, Henry; Toye, P. G.; Poole, Jane; Ndila, Mary; Conradie, Ilana; Jennings, Amy; Handel, Ian G.; Coetzer, J. a. W.; Steyl, Johan (8 de setembro de 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3848692">«Mortality in East African shorthorn zebu cattle under one year: predictors of infectious-disease mortality»</a>. <i>BMC Veterinary Research</i>. <b>9</b>. 175 páginas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1746-6148">1746-6148</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3848692">3848692</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24010500">24010500</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1746-6148-9-175">10.1186/1746-6148-9-175</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=Mortality+in+East+African+shorthorn+zebu+cattle+under+one+year%3A+predictors+of+infectious-disease+mortality&rft.au=Bronsvoort%2C+Mark+B.+M.+de+C.&rft.au=Coetzer%2C+J.+a.+W.&rft.au=Conradie%2C+Ilana&rft.au=Handel%2C+Ian+G.&rft.au=Jennings%2C+Amy&rft.au=Kiara%2C+Henry&rft.au=Ndila%2C+Mary&rft.au=Poole%2C+Jane&rft.au=Steyl%2C+Johan&rft.au=Toye%2C+P.+G.&rft.aufirst=Samuel+M.&rft.aulast=Thumbi&rft.date=2013-09-08&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1746-6148&rft.jtitle=BMC+Veterinary+Research&rft.volume=9&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3848692&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3848692&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1746-6148-9-175&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24010500&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Thumbi, S. M.; de C Bronsvoort, B. M.; Poole, E. J.; Kiara, H.; Toye, P.; Ndila, M.; Conradie, I.; Jennings, A.; Handel, I. G.; Coetzer, J. a. W.; Hanotte, O. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3829697">«Parasite co-infections show synergistic and antagonistic interactions on growth performance of East African zebu cattle under one year»</a>. <i>Parasitology</i>. <b>140</b> (14): 1789–1798. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1469-8161">1469-8161</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3829697">3829697</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24001119">24001119</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0031182013001261">10.1017/S0031182013001261</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=Parasite+co-infections+show+synergistic+and+antagonistic+interactions+on+growth+performance+of+East+African+zebu+cattle+under+one+year&rft.au=Coetzer%2C+J.+a.+W.&rft.au=Conradie%2C+I.&rft.au=Handel%2C+I.+G.&rft.au=Hanotte%2C+O.&rft.au=Jennings%2C+A.&rft.au=Kiara%2C+H.&rft.au=Ndila%2C+M.&rft.au=Poole%2C+E.+J.&rft.au=Toye%2C+P.&rft.au=de+C+Bronsvoort%2C+B.+M.&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft.aulast=Thumbi&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1469-8161&rft.issue=14&rft.jtitle=Parasitology&rft.pages=1789-1798&rft.volume=140&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3829697&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3829697&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0031182013001261&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24001119&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Medicine, Center for Veterinary (10 de maio de 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/all-about-bse-mad-cow-disease">«All About BSE (Mad Cow Disease)»</a>. <i>FDA</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=All+About+BSE+%28Mad+Cow+Disease%29&rft.aufirst=Center+for+Veterinary&rft.aulast=Medicine&rft.date=2019-05-10&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fanimal-veterinary%2Fanimal-health-literacy%2Fall-about-bse-mad-cow-disease&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Egberink, H.; Horzinek, M. C. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7117276">«Animal immunodeficiency viruses»</a>. <i>Veterinary Microbiology</i>. <b>33</b> (1–4): 311–331. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0378-1135">0378-1135</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7117276">7117276</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1336243">1336243</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0378-1135%2892%2990059-3">10.1016/0378-1135(92)90059-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/1874%2F3298">1874/3298</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAgente+patog%C3%A9nico&rft.atitle=Animal+immunodeficiency+viruses&rft.au=Horzinek%2C+M.+C.&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.aulast=Egberink&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0378-1135&rft.issue=1%934&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.pages=311-331&rft.volume=33&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7117276&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7117276&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0378-1135%2892%2990059-3&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1874%2F3298&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1336243&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Coxiella_burnetii_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coxiella_burnetii_01.JPG/40px-Coxiella_burnetii_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="40" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coxiella_burnetii_01.JPG/60px-Coxiella_burnetii_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coxiella_burnetii_01.JPG/80px-Coxiella_burnetii_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2103" data-file-height="1503" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/Microbiologia" title="Microbiologia">microbiologia</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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