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Support</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="main" role="main" class="group"> <div id="journal_banner_wrap" class="banner_wrap"> <div class="content row" style="background-color: #000000; background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#000000), to(#99CCCC)); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #000000, #99CCCC); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #000000, #99CCCC); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #000000, #99CCCC); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #000000, #99CCCC); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, #000000, #99CCCC); -ms-filter: 'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient (GradientType=0, startColorstr=#000000, endColorstr=#99CCCC)';" > <div id="journal_banner_title_wrap" class="wrap left banner_title_wrap"> <div id="journal_banner_title" class="banner_title"> <h1>Parliamentary History</h1> </div> </div> <div id="journal_banner_search_wrap" class="show-for-large wrap banner_search_wrap"> <div id="journal_banner_search" class="banner_search" role="search" aria-label="search inside this journal"> <div> <noscript> <form method="post" action="/search/" aria-label="search within this journal"> <input type="text" name="no_js_journal_query" placeholder="Search Within Journal"/> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="search"/> <input type="hidden" name="t" value="search_journal_header"/> </noscript> <input type="hidden" name="search_within_journal_id" id="search_within_journal_id" value="336" title="search within journal" aria-label="search within journal" /> <script>document.write('<input type="text" name="search_within_journal_input" id="search_within_journal_input" title="search within journal" aria-label="search within journal" placeholder="Search Within Journal"/>');</script> <a id="search_within_journal_button"> <script>document.write('<img src="/images/search_blue.png" alt="search button, a blue magnifying glass"/>');</script> <noscript><input type="image" src="/images/search_blue.png" alt="search button, a blue magnifying glass" /></noscript> </a> <noscript></form></noscript> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="summary_wrap wrap columns large-20"> <span id="skip_target"></span> <div class="card row wrap no_image"> <div class="card_text"> <ul> <li class="title"> <h2> <img src="/images/access/no_access.png" alt="restricted access" class="left_access"/> Parliamentary Politics and the Politics of the Street: The London Peace Campaigns of 1642-3 </h2> </li> <li class="authors"> <a href="/search?action=search&query=author:I. J. Gentles:and&min=1&max=10&t=query_term">I. J. Gentles</a> </li> <li class="journal"><a href="/pub/63/journal/336">Parliamentary History</a></span></li>  <li class="publisher"> <a href="/search?action=browse&limit=publisher_id:63">Edinburgh University Press</a> </li> <li class="designation"> <span> <a href="/issue/11682">Volume 26, Part 2, 2007</a> </span> </li> <li class="pg"><span>pp. 139-159</span></li> <li class="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1353/pah.2007.0017">10.1353/pah.2007.0017</a></li> <li class="type"><span class="article small">Article</span></li> <li> <div class="content_action"> <ul class="action_btns"> <li class="view_citation"> <span><a href="/view_citations?type=article&id=217695">View Citation</a></span> </li> <li class="related_content" style="display: none;"> <a href="/related_content?type=article&id=217695" onclick="gtag('event', 'click', {'event_category': 'Related Content link', 'event_label': 'link from summary'});"> <img src="/images/icon_related.png" alt="Related Content" class="icon"> <span class="link_text">Related Content</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li style="padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px;"> <a href="#info_wrap">Additional Information</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div>   <div class="abstract"> <span class="abstractheader"><span class="lieu">In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="mainArticle"> <div id="article"> <div id="front"> <div class="card row"> <div class="card_text"> <ul> <li class="title"> <div id="article-title">Parliamentary Politics and the Politics of the Street:<span id="subtitle">The London Peace Campaigns of 1642-3*</span></div> </li> <li class="author"> <div class="contrib">Ian Gentles</div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="body"> <blockquote class="disp-quote"> <p>Nulla salus bello; pacem te poscimus omnes<sup>1</sup></p> <div class="attrib">- Virgil, <em>Aeneid</em>, bk xi. 362</div> </blockquote> <p>For the past generation and more the question of popular allegiance in the English Civil War has been the subject of active debate. About London's loyalties the discussion goes back to the first writings on the war. During the 1640s a royalist commentator attributed the dissolution of monarchy to 'the proud, unthankefull, schismaticall, rebellious, bloody City of London'.<sup>2</sup> 'How forward and active the Londoners were to promote this rebellion, can hardly be imagined; people of all sorts pouring out their treasure', wrote a commentator in the 1680s.<sup>3</sup> 'Thousands of them in armes against [the king], neither were they backward in the adventure of their lives', addedWilliam Lilly.<sup>4</sup> The war's first historian, Edward Hyde, earl of Clarendon, took a similar if more jaundiced view. London, he wrote, was characterized by an 'unruly and mutinous spirit'; it was 'the sink of all the ill humour of the kingdom'.<sup>5</sup> Writing in the late nineteenth century, S.R. Gardiner and R.R. Sharpe agreed that in the beginning at least all classes in London except the richest were united in their hostility to the crown<sup>6</sup>. Valerie Pearl in her indispensable study, <em>London and the Outbreak of the Puritan Revolution</em>, states that throughout the 1640s the City was broadly parliamentarian, but that at all times Charles I 'had a small body of supporters in the municipality'.<sup>7</sup> Ian Roy too, while acknowledging that there was much 'latent support' for the king, asserts that London was the bedrock of parliamentarianism. Robert Ashton quite simply takes it as given that London was essentially parliamentarian between 1640 and <strong>[End Page 139]</strong> 1645.<sup>8</sup> Brian Manning is even less qualified in assigning London to the parliamentary camp. London provided core support for parliament; its infantry 'saved it from losing the war in 1642 and 1643' and 'the royalists were right in thinking that their most formidable opponent was the ordinary citizen of London'.<sup>9</sup></p> <p>The most recent historian of London in the civil war, Keith Lindley, offers a more subtle interpretation: 'the upper echelons of London society largely opposed and tried to stymie the war effort', prosperous merchants and tradesmen who were outside the City's inner circle of government and privilege before 1642, as well as 'the generality of shopkeepers and artisans' and also 'the brewers, mariners and artisans of the eastern suburbs and their equivalents on the south bank, the capital's young men and apprentices and men and women of relatively humble status', supported parliament, and more importantly, filled up the ranks of its army.<sup>10</sup> Without exaggeration, then, we may summarize the historiography as giving the impression that London's position in 1642 and after was like that of Paris in 1789 and the years following: it was the treasure house and arsenal, the nearly inexhaustible supply of manpower for a great civil war and revolution.</p> <p>In this article I want to suggest that from an early stage in the conflict, Londoners were more lukewarm towards parliament than received accounts would lead us to believe. After the first blood was shed at Edgehill in October 1642 people quickly lost their appetite for further conflict. An increasingly large minority campaigned actively for peace, while a sullen majority had to be coerced by the City's radical leadership into serving in the parliamentary forces, and opening their purses to furnish ever greater quantities of cash for the armed struggle.</p> <p>In the lead-up to the civil war it had not appeared so. For two years after the summoning of the Long Parliament London was a bastion of parliamentary and war-party strength. The tumultuous petition campaigns and mass demonstrations outside parliament, as well as the enormous output of pamphlets and newsbooks bear sufficient testimony to the state of public opinion in the metropolis from 1640 to the autumn of 1642. Led by its three radical M.P.s, the alderman, and soon-to-be mayor Isaac Penington, John Venn and Samuel Vassal, the City had offered sanctuary to the five...</p> </div> </div> </div> </p> </div> <div class="pdf_preview"> <img id="fullsizepdfpreview" src="/article/217695/pdfimage" alt="pdf" /> </div>  <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("#auth_toggle").click(function(){ toggleAuth(); }); $(document).on("keypress","#auth_toggle",function(e) { if(e.which == 13) { toggleAuth(); } }); }); function toggleAuth() { $("#auth_box").toggle(); if ($("#auth_toggle").hasClass("open")) { $("#auth_toggle").html("expand"); $("#auth_toggle").removeClass("open"); } else { $("#auth_toggle").html("collapse"); $("#auth_toggle").addClass("open"); } } </script> <div id="sticky_foot"> <a id="auth_toggle" tabindex="0" class="open"> collapse </a> <div id="auth_box"> <strong>You are not currently authenticated.</strong> <div id="auth_sm">If you would like to authenticate using a different subscribed institution or have your own login and password to Project MUSE</div> <a class="btn_authenticate" href="/account">Authenticate</a> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="rightnav_wrap" class="article_wrap columns large-10 full"> <div class="aux">   <div class="title_wrap title_social"><h2>Share</h2></div> <div class="social"> <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_26 a2a_default_style" data-a2a-icon-color="#284f84" data-a2a-url="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/217695" data-a2a-title="Project MUSE - Parliamentary Politics and the Politics of the Street: The London Peace Campaigns of 1642-3"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_print"></a><a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <div id="info_wrap" class="row wrap" role="complementary"> <div class="column full"> <div class="title_wrap details"> <h3>Additional Information</h3> </div> <div class="details_tbl"> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> ISSN </div> <div class="cell"> 1750-0206 </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Print ISSN </div> <div class="cell"> 0264-2824 </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Pages </div> <div class="cell"> pp. 139-159 </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Launched on MUSE </div> <div class="cell"> 2007-07-12 </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Open Access </div> <div class="cell"> No </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Archive Status </div> <div class="cell"> Archived 2008 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column full"> </div> </div> <div id="footer_block" role="contentinfo" aria-label="footer"> <div id="footer_mission" class="content"> <div class="wrap row" id="about_wrap"> <div id="about"> <h2>Project MUSE Mission</h2> <p>Project MUSE promotes the creation and dissemination of essential humanities and social science resources through collaboration with libraries, publishers, and scholars worldwide. 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