CINXE.COM

<!doctype html><html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#" class="wilson" data-modal="closed" data-menu="closed"><head><link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//use.typekit.net"><link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//p.typekit.net"><link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//cloud.typenetwork.com"><link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//www.google-analytics.com"><link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//www.google.com"><link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//stats.g.doubleclick.net"><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_1-Ql3l3Wct8Hi92B08MW3ZhtyQS9esP_7_EMZHE83kE.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=wilson&include=eJxtyEsKgDAQBNELBXOkMNFWBvOR9Ejw9gqSheCqeMWLhuyjEK5rYi3-zVAGKRvorKsZWrAOGP2X0-AKLHQ4w1zrrniSj6RSZvi_GaI03MowNR4" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.typekit.net/waq7naz.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cloud.typenetwork.com/projects/3888/fontface.css/" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_3dshSkxONvRiZEpB3eoEuKN08wm2sIFfiwLEGNUaZ7A.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=wilson&include=eJxtyEsKgDAQBNELBXOkMNFWBvOR9Ejw9gqSheCqeMWLhuyjEK5rYi3-zVAGKRvorKsZWrAOGP2X0-AKLHQ4w1zrrniSj6RSZvi_GaI03MowNR4" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//use.typekit.net/waq7naz.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//cloud.typenetwork.com/projects/3888/fontface.css/" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_q6ykb-SUOH427K78om7T_keClqtyZEp4S2ifx2gnDZs.css?delta=6&language=en&theme=wilson&include=eJxtyEsKgDAQBNELBXOkMNFWBvOR9Ejw9gqSheCqeMWLhuyjEK5rYi3-zVAGKRvorKsZWrAOGP2X0-AKLHQ4w1zrrniSj6RSZvi_GaI03MowNR4" /> <title>Arctic/Antarctic | Wilson Center</title><meta charset="utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/region/arcticantarctic" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Wilson Center" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/region/arcticantarctic" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Arctic/Antarctic" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/styles/og_image/public/media/uploads/images/Polar%20Banner.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /> <link rel="icon" href="/core/misc/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"taxonomy\/term\/362","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"eu_cookie_compliance":{"cookie_policy_version":"1.0.0","popup_enabled":true,"popup_agreed_enabled":false,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":false,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022gdpr-alert\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EThis website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. View our \u003Ca href=\u0022\/privacy-policy\u0022\u003Eprivacy policy\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button gdpr-alert-accept btn\u0022\u003EAccept\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022gdpr-alert\u0022\u003E\n \n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button gdpr-alert-accept btn\u0022\u003EAccept\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":768,"popup_html_agreed":false,"popup_use_bare_css":true,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":0,"popup_link":"\/privacy-policy","popup_link_new_window":true,"popup_position":false,"fixed_top_position":true,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":true,"cookie_name":"wilson-gdpr-agreed","reload_page":false,"domain":"","domain_all_sites":false,"popup_eu_only":false,"popup_eu_only_js":false,"cookie_lifetime":100,"cookie_session":0,"set_cookie_session_zero_on_disagree":0,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":false,"method":"opt_in","automatic_cookies_removal":true,"allowed_cookies":"Drupal.visitor\r\nalert","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy policy\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EThis website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. View our \u003Ca href=\u0022\/privacy-policy\u0022\u003Eprivacy policy\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button \u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","withdraw_enabled":false,"reload_options":0,"reload_routes_list":"","withdraw_button_on_info_popup":false,"cookie_categories":[],"cookie_categories_details":[],"enable_save_preferences_button":true,"cookie_value_disagreed":"0","cookie_value_agreed_show_thank_you":"1","cookie_value_agreed":"2","containing_element":"body","settings_tab_enabled":false,"olivero_primary_button_classes":"","olivero_secondary_button_classes":"","close_button_action":"close_banner","open_by_default":true,"modules_allow_popup":true,"hide_the_banner":false,"geoip_match":true},"wilson":{"services":{"googleTagManagerKey":"GTM-5DH9QL","googleOptimizeKey":false,"googleOptimizeKeyUA":false,"googleMapsKey":false,"siteImproveScript":false},"events":{"event-125456":{"debug":false,"id":"125456","title":"Book Talk | Putin\u0027s Revenge: Why Russia Invaded Ukraine","url":"\/event\/book-talk-putins-revenge-why-russia-invaded-ukraine","hasVideo":true,"dtOffset":-18000000,"dtNowOverride":false,"dtStart":1733252400000,"dtEnd":1733256000000,"live":false,"liveOffset":300000}}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"3223e3153a4258e521a13a4b5128fe5ba7a6ac6c191619d5c6267e50a68876d1"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_Ob3HNs94LGBJ8XNf1vAxvvRUBWqpSYrWPmfS07s8USE.js?scope=header&delta=0&language=en&theme=wilson&include=eJwrz8wpzs_TLwdTOqml8cn5-dmZqUAqtyAnMzEvOVUfmyAAbAQWHQ"></script> <link rel="manifest" href="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/pwa/manifest.json?v=20210907" crossorigin="use-credentials"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/pwa/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/pwa/icons/favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/pwa/icons/favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="mask-icon" href="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/pwa/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#0e6ea6"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/pwa/icons/favicon.ico"><meta name="msapplication-config" content="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/pwa/browserconfig.xml"><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#0e6ea6"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"></head><body><noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5DH9QL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none; visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" role="navigation" aria-label="Skip to main content">Skip to main content</a><div class="flyout-menu"><div class="flyout-menu-inner"><div class="flyout-menu-top"><button class="flyout-menu-close js-flyout-close">Close</button><form class="flyout-menu-search" action="/search" method="get"><label class="sr-text" for="site-search">Search</label><input type="search" name="keywords" id="site-search" placeholder="Search by keyword..." required><button type="submit"><span class="sr-text">Search</span></button></form></div><div class="flyout-menu-content"><nav class="flyout-menu-nav" aria-label="Flyout Navigation"><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main" role="menubar" aria-label="Flyout Main Navigation"><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-item"><a href="/topics" role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">Topics</a><a class="flyout-menu-nav-main-children-toggle js-flyout-children-toggle" href="#"><span class="sr-text">Open/Close</span></a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main-children" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/topics" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">Featured Topics</a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="https://www.wilsonquarterly.com/quarterly/confronting-unprecedented-humanitarian-needs" role="menuitem">WQ Fall 2024 | Confronting Unprecedented Humanitarian Needs</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="https://ukraine.wilsoncenter.org/" role="menuitem">Ukraine</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/collection/hamas-israel-war-and-regional-security-mena" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/116661">The Hamas-Israel War</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/program/refugee-and-forced-displacement-initiative" role="menuitem">Refugees and Forced Displacement</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/issue/strategic-competition" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/636">Strategic Competition</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/ivan-duque-center-prosperity-and-freedom" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114073">Iván Duque Center for Prosperity and Freedom</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/collection/climate-migration" role="menuitem">Climate & Migration</a></li></ul></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/cold-war" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2">Cold War</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/democracy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/127">Democracy</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/digitalassets" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1019">Digital Assets</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/geoeconomics" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/130">Geoeconomics</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/energy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/134">Energy</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/environment" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/137">Environment</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/global-governance" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/151">Global Governance</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/governance" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/153">Governance</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/history" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/154">History</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/international-development" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/164">International Development</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/maternal-health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/149">Maternal Health</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/migration" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/165">Migration</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/security-and-defense" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/170">Security and Defense</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/us-foreign-policy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/183">US Foreign Policy</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/women-gender" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/145">Women & Gender</a></li></ul></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-item"><a href="/regions" role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3">Regions</a><a class="flyout-menu-nav-main-children-toggle js-flyout-children-toggle" href="#"><span class="sr-text">Open/Close</span></a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main-children" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/arcticantarctic" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/362" class="is-active" aria-current="page">Arctic/Antarctic</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/africa" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/285">Africa</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/asia" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/278">Asia</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/europe" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/266">Europe</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/latin-america" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/239">Latin America</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/middle-east-and-north-africa" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/231">Middle East and North Africa</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/north-america" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/212">North America</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/russia-and-eurasia" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/209">Russia and Eurasia</a></li></ul></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-item"><a href="/programs" role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">Programs</a><a class="flyout-menu-nav-main-children-toggle js-flyout-children-toggle" href="#"><span class="sr-text">Open/Close</span></a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main-children" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/africa-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/25">Africa Program</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/canada-institute" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/29">Canada Institute</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/congressional-relations" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/644">Congressional Relations</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/environmental-change-and-security-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/103">Environmental Change and Security Program</a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/china-environment-forum" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/99">China Environment Forum</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/maternal-health-initiative" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/105">Maternal Health Initiative</a></li></ul></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/global-europe-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/104">Global Europe Program</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/history-and-public-policy-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/106">History and Public Policy Program</a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/cold-war-international-history-project" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/100">Cold War International History Project</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/north-korea-international-documentation-project" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/113">North Korea International Documentation Project</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/nuclear-proliferation-international-history-project" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/294">Nuclear Proliferation International History Project</a></li></ul></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/indo-pacific-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/27">Indo-Pacific Program</a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/hyundai-motor-korea-foundation-center-korean-history-and-public-policy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/426">Hyundai Motor-Korea Foundation Center for Korean History and Public Policy</a></li></ul></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/kennan-institute" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/108">Kennan Institute</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/kissinger-institute-china-and-united-states" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/109">Kissinger Institute on China and the United States</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/latin-america-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/110">Latin America Program</a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/argentina-project" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/546">Argentina Project</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/brazil-institute" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/28">Brazil Institute</a></li></ul></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/mexico-institute" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/111">Mexico Institute</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/middle-east-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/112">Middle East Program</a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/islamists" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/322">The Islamists</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/middle-east-womens-initiative" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/631">Middle East Women's Initiative</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/mena-workforce-development-initiative" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/616">The Middle East and North Africa Workforce Development Initiative</a></li></ul></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/polar-institute" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/359">Polar Institute</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/refugee-and-forced-displacement-initiative" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1031">Refugee and Forced Displacement Initiative</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/science-and-technology-innovation-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/116">Science and Technology Innovation Program</a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/serious-games-initiative" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/526">Serious Games Initiative</a></li></ul></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/wahba-institute-strategic-competition" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1028">Wahba Institute for Strategic Competition</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary" role="menubar" aria-label="Flyout Secondary Navigation"><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-item"><a href="/events" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Events</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-item"><a href="/experts" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11">Experts</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-item"><a href="/watch-listen" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12">Watch & Listen</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-item"><a href="/insight-analysis" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/95532">Insight & Analysis</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-item"><a href="/press-room" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/95625">Press Room</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-item"><a href="/about" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/119">About the Wilson Center</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-item"><a href="/careers-fellowships-internships" role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">Careers, Fellowships, and Internships</a><a class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-children-toggle js-flyout-children-toggle" href="#"><span class="sr-text">Open/Close</span></a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-children" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-child"><a href="/job-openings-the-wilson-center" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/34995">Jobs</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-child"><a href="/fellowship-application" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/276">Wilson Center Fellowship</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-child"><a href="/the-wilson-china-fellowship" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88916">China Fellowship</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-child"><a href="/foreignpolicyfellowship" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/26031">Foreign Policy Fellowship</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-child"><a href="/tech-labs" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/92756">Congressional Technology Labs</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-child"><a href="/internships" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/34923">Internships</a></li></ul></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-item"><a href="/support-the-wilson-center" role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/130">Support the Wilson Center</a><a class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-children-toggle js-flyout-children-toggle" href="#"><span class="sr-text">Open/Close</span></a><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-children" role="menu" aria-label=""><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-child"><a href="/2023-donors" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/118575">2023 Donors</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-child"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/2022-donors" role="menuitem">2022 Donors</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-secondary-child"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/2021-donors" role="menuitem">2021 Donors</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="flyout-menu-nav-utility" role="menubar" aria-label="Flyout Utility Navigation"><li class="flyout-menu-nav-utility-item"><a href="/scholars-alumni" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/89182">Scholars & Alumni</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-utility-item"><a href="/issue/diversity-inclusion" role="menuitem">Diversity & Inclusion</a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-utility-quarterly"><a class="flyout-menu-nav-utility-quarterly-link" href="https://www.wilsonquarterly.com"><img class="flyout-menu-nav-utility-quarterly-link-image" src="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/images/wilson-quarterly.svg" alt="Wilson Quarterly" width="100%" height="auto"><div class="flyout-menu-nav-utility-quarterly-link-text">The Wilson Quarterly</div><span class="icon-link-sm"></span></a></li><li class="flyout-menu-nav-utility-digital-archive"><a class="flyout-menu-nav-utility-digital-archive-link" href="https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org"><div class="flyout-menu-nav-utility-digital-archive-link-text">Digital Archive</div><span class="icon-link-sm"></span></a></li></ul></nav><a class="btn -outlined -dark flyout-menu-support" href="https://engage.wilsoncenter.org/onlineactions/KxzFKo0YTk2W8uYVKK5HKg2">Support</a></div></div></div><div class="page-container dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas><div class="live-now-alert js-live-now-alert js-live-now-alert-125456" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"><a href="#" class="live-now-alert-expander js-live-now-alert-expander">Show</a><div class="live-now-alert-inner"><div class="live-now-alert-content"><div class="live-now">Streaming</div><a class="live-now-alert-title" href="/event/book-talk-putins-revenge-why-russia-invaded-ukraine"><div class="h5 -serif">Book Talk | Putin's Revenge: Why Russia Invaded Ukraine</div></a><a class="live-now-alert-button js-video-modal-open" data-video="https://youtu.be/qb2ppCjXpF0" href="/event/book-talk-putins-revenge-why-russia-invaded-ukraine">Watch Now</a></div><a class="live-now-alert-image js-video-modal-open" data-video="https://youtu.be/qb2ppCjXpF0" href="/event/book-talk-putins-revenge-why-russia-invaded-ukraine" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/styles/carousel_video/public/media/uploads/images/shutterstock_2176963825.jpg')"><div class="play-btn"><span class="sr-text">Play Video</span></div></a></div></div><header class="site-header"><div class="site-header-inner"><a class="site-header-logo" href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/" title="Wilson Center"><img src="/themes/custom/wilson/logo.svg?v=20210609" alt="Wilson Center" width="100%" height="auto"></a><nav class="site-header-nav" aria-label="Site Navigation"><ul class="site-header-nav-main" role="menubar" aria-label="Main Navigation"><li class="site-header-nav-main-item"><a href="/topics" role="menuitem" html aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2"> Topics<span class="icon-dropdown-sm"></span></a><div class="site-header-nav-main-dropdown"><div class="site-header-nav-main-featured"><h4 id="featured-topics-title" class="site-header-nav-main-featured-title h6 -serif">Featured Topics</h4><ul class="site-header-nav-main-featured-topics" role="menu" aria-labelledby="featured-topics-title"><li class="site-header-nav-main-featured-topic"><a href="https://www.wilsonquarterly.com/quarterly/confronting-unprecedented-humanitarian-needs" role="menuitem">WQ Fall 2024 | Confronting Unprecedented Humanitarian Needs</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-featured-topic"><a href="https://ukraine.wilsoncenter.org/" role="menuitem">Ukraine</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-featured-topic"><a href="/collection/hamas-israel-war-and-regional-security-mena" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/116661">The Hamas-Israel War</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-featured-topic"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/program/refugee-and-forced-displacement-initiative" role="menuitem">Refugees and Forced Displacement</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-featured-topic"><a href="/issue/strategic-competition" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/636">Strategic Competition</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-featured-topic"><a href="/ivan-duque-center-prosperity-and-freedom" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114073">Iván Duque Center for Prosperity and Freedom</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-featured-topic"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/collection/climate-migration" role="menuitem">Climate & Migration</a></li></ul></div><ul class="site-header-nav-main-children" role="menu" aria-label="Topics"><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/cold-war" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2">Cold War</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/democracy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/127">Democracy</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/digitalassets" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1019">Digital Assets</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/geoeconomics" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/130">Geoeconomics</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/energy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/134">Energy</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/environment" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/137">Environment</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/global-governance" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/151">Global Governance</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/governance" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/153">Governance</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/history" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/154">History</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/international-development" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/164">International Development</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/maternal-health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/149">Maternal Health</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/migration" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/165">Migration</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/security-and-defense" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/170">Security and Defense</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/us-foreign-policy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/183">US Foreign Policy</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/issue/women-gender" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/145">Women & Gender</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-item"><a href="/regions" role="menuitem" html aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3"> Regions<span class="icon-dropdown-sm"></span></a><div class="site-header-nav-main-dropdown"><ul class="site-header-nav-main-children" role="menu" aria-label="Regions"><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/arcticantarctic" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/362" class="is-active" aria-current="page">Arctic/Antarctic</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/africa" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/285">Africa</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/asia" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/278">Asia</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/europe" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/266">Europe</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/latin-america" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/239">Latin America</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/middle-east-and-north-africa" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/231">Middle East and North Africa</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/north-america" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/212">North America</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/region/russia-and-eurasia" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/209">Russia and Eurasia</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-item"><a href="/programs" role="menuitem" html aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4"> Programs<span class="icon-dropdown-sm"></span></a><div class="site-header-nav-main-dropdown"><ul class="site-header-nav-main-children" role="menu" aria-label="Programs"><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/africa-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/25">Africa Program</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/canada-institute" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/29">Canada Institute</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/congressional-relations" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/644">Congressional Relations</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/environmental-change-and-security-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/103">Environmental Change and Security Program</a><ul class="site-header-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label="Environmental Change and Security Program"><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/china-environment-forum" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/99">China Environment Forum</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/maternal-health-initiative" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/105">Maternal Health Initiative</a></li></ul></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/global-europe-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/104">Global Europe Program</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/history-and-public-policy-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/106">History and Public Policy Program</a><ul class="site-header-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label="History and Public Policy Program"><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/cold-war-international-history-project" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/100">Cold War International History Project</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/north-korea-international-documentation-project" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/113">North Korea International Documentation Project</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/nuclear-proliferation-international-history-project" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/294">Nuclear Proliferation International History Project</a></li></ul></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/indo-pacific-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/27">Indo-Pacific Program</a><ul class="site-header-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label="Indo-Pacific Program"><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/hyundai-motor-korea-foundation-center-korean-history-and-public-policy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/426">Hyundai Motor-Korea Foundation Center for Korean History and Public Policy</a></li></ul></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/kennan-institute" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/108">Kennan Institute</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/kissinger-institute-china-and-united-states" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/109">Kissinger Institute on China and the United States</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/latin-america-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/110">Latin America Program</a><ul class="site-header-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label="Latin America Program"><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/argentina-project" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/546">Argentina Project</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/brazil-institute" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/28">Brazil Institute</a></li></ul></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/mexico-institute" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/111">Mexico Institute</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/middle-east-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/112">Middle East Program</a><ul class="site-header-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label="Middle East Program"><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/islamists" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/322">The Islamists</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/middle-east-womens-initiative" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/631">Middle East Women's Initiative</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/mena-workforce-development-initiative" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/616">The Middle East and North Africa Workforce Development Initiative</a></li></ul></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/polar-institute" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/359">Polar Institute</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/refugee-and-forced-displacement-initiative" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1031">Refugee and Forced Displacement Initiative</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/science-and-technology-innovation-program" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/116">Science and Technology Innovation Program</a><ul class="site-header-nav-main-grandchildren" role="menu" aria-label="Science and Technology Innovation Program"><li class="site-header-nav-main-grandchild"><a href="/program/serious-games-initiative" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/526">Serious Games Initiative</a></li></ul></li><li class="site-header-nav-main-child"><a href="/program/wahba-institute-strategic-competition" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1028">Wahba Institute for Strategic Competition</a></li></ul></div></li></ul><ul class="site-header-nav-secondary" role="menubar" aria-label="Secondary Navigation"><li class="site-header-nav-secondary-item" role="presentation"><a href="/events" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Events</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-secondary-item" role="presentation"><a href="/experts" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11">Experts</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-secondary-item" role="presentation"><a href="/watch-listen" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12">Watch & Listen</a></li><li class="site-header-nav-secondary-item" role="presentation"><a href="/press-room" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/95625">Press Room</a></li></ul></nav><div class="site-header-right"><a class="btn -outlined site-header-support" href="https://engage.wilsoncenter.org/onlineactions/KxzFKo0YTk2W8uYVKK5HKg2">Support</a><button class="btn site-header-flyout-open js-flyout-open"><span class="icon-search-sm"></span><span class="icon-hamburger-sm"></span><span class="site-header-flyout-open-text">Menu</span></button></div></div></header><main><a id="main-content" tabindex="-1" class="visually-hidden"></a><nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="Breadcrumb"><ol class="breadcrumbs-inner"><li><a href="/"><span class="sr-text">Home</span><span class="icon-home-sm"></span></a></li><li><a href="/regions">Regions</a></li></ol></nav><div class="js-standard-hero standard-hero" data-has-overlay="false"><div class="standard-hero-background" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/styles/hero_standard/public/media/uploads/images/Polar%20Banner.png');"></div><div class="hero-image-credit"><div class="hero-image-credit-inner js-image-credit"><a href="#"><span class="sr-text">Image Credit</span><svg width="14px" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 14 12" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-1363.000000, -590.000000)" fill="#FFFFFF"><g transform="translate(1167.000000, 537.000000)"><g transform="translate(188.000000, 44.000000)"><g><path d="M14.838,16.69 C14.154,16.69 13.598,16.134 13.598,15.45 C13.598,14.766 14.154,14.21 14.838,14.21 C15.522,14.21 16.078,14.766 16.078,15.45 C16.078,16.134 15.522,16.69 14.838,16.69 L14.838,16.69 Z M14.838,12.81 C13.382,12.81 12.197,13.994 12.197,15.45 C12.197,16.906 13.382,18.09 14.838,18.09 C16.294,18.09 17.478,16.906 17.478,15.45 C17.478,13.994 16.294,12.81 14.838,12.81 L14.838,12.81 Z M20.275,19.418 L9.401,19.418 L9.401,12.138 L12.563,12.138 L13.351,10.4 L16.325,10.4 L17.113,12.138 L20.275,12.138 L20.275,19.418 Z M18.015,10.738 L17.505,9.614 C17.345,9.264 16.934,9 16.549,9 L13.126,9 C12.74,9 12.329,9.265 12.169,9.617 L11.66,10.738 L9.248,10.738 C8.56,10.738 8,11.297 8,11.985 L8,19.571 C8,20.259 8.56,20.818 9.248,20.818 L20.427,20.818 C21.116,20.818 21.675,20.259 21.675,19.571 L21.675,11.985 C21.675,11.297 21.116,10.738 20.427,10.738 L18.015,10.738 Z"></path></g></g></g></g></g></svg></a><template><div class="tippy-credit"><p>.</p></div></template></div></div></div><div class="page-intro"><div class="page-intro-inner"><aside class="page-intro-sidebar"><div class="related-programs"><h3 class="related-programs-title h5">Related Programs</h3><a class="related-programs-program" data-program="polar-institute" href="/program/polar-institute"><div class="related-programs-program-logo"><img src="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/images/program-logos/polar-institute.svg" alt="Polar Institute" width="100%" height="auto"></div><div class="related-programs-program-name">Polar Institute</div></a></div></aside><div class="page-intro-content"><div class="page-intro-title"><h1 class="page-intro-title-text h2 arctic/antarctic">Arctic/Antarctic</h1></div><div class="page-intro-text wysiwyg-content"></div><div class="page-intro-supplemental"></div></div></div></div><div class="insights-block"><div class="insights-block-inner"><h3 class="insights-block-title h3">Insight & Analysis</h3><div class="insights-block-content"><a class="insights-block-featured-image" href="/blog-post/ever-forward-unique-relationship-between-arctic-and-space" data-type="blog-post"><picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/insights/public/media/uploads/images/IMG_0060.webp" type="image/webp"/><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/insights/public/media/uploads/images/IMG_0060.JPG" width="749" height="615" alt="Starlkink terminal on a house in Mitimattalik" loading="lazy"></picture></a><div class="insights-block-featured-teaser"><a class="teaser" data-type="blog-post" href="/blog-post/ever-forward-unique-relationship-between-arctic-and-space"><div class="teaser-content"><div class="teaser-top-meta"><div class="teaser-type">Blog post</div></div><div class="teaser-title"><span class="teaser-title-text">Ever Forward: The Unique Relationship Between the Arctic and Space</span></div><div class="teaser-byline"><div class="teaser-byline-text"><span class="teaser-byline-text-date">November 1, 2024</span></div></div></div></a></div><div class="insights-block-teasers"><a class="teaser" data-type="blog-post" href="/blog-post/sea-ice-2024-new-abnormal"><div class="teaser-content"><div class="teaser-top-meta"><div class="teaser-type">Blog post</div><div class="teaser-topic">Polar</div></div><div class="teaser-title"><span class="teaser-title-text">Sea Ice in 2024 – The New Abnormal</span></div><div class="teaser-byline"><div class="teaser-byline-text"><span class="teaser-byline-text-plain">By </span><span class="teaser-byline-text-author">Theodore Scambos</span><span class="teaser-byline-text-plain"> on </span><span class="teaser-byline-text-date">October 31, 2024</span></div></div></div></a><a class="teaser" data-type="audio" href="/audio/navigating-arctic-ice-pact-and-future-icebreakers"><div class="teaser-content"><div class="teaser-top-meta"><div class="teaser-type">Audio</div><div class="teaser-topic">Global Alliances & Partnerships</div></div><div class="teaser-title"><span class="teaser-title-text">Navigating the Arctic: The Ice Pact and the Future of Icebreakers</span></div></div></a><a class="teaser" data-type="blog-post" href="/blog-post/norways-supposed-arctic-seafloor-treasures-what-does-data-show"><div class="teaser-content"><div class="teaser-top-meta"><div class="teaser-type">Blog post</div><div class="teaser-topic">Polar</div></div><div class="teaser-title"><span class="teaser-title-text">Norway’s Supposed Arctic Seafloor Treasures: What Does the Data Show?</span></div><div class="teaser-byline"><div class="teaser-byline-text"><span class="teaser-byline-text-plain">By </span><span class="teaser-byline-text-author">Henry Ruehl</span><span class="teaser-byline-text-plain"> on </span><span class="teaser-byline-text-date">October 25, 2024</span></div></div></div></a><a href="/insights-analysis?_page=1&keywords=&_limit=10&regions=363%2C362" class="btn -outlined">Browse All</a></div></div></div></div><div class="expert-carousel"><div class="expert-carousel-inner"><h3 class="expert-carousel-title h4">Arctic Experts</h3><div class="expert-carousel-layout"><div class="expert-carousel-large"><div class="expert-carousel-nav"><button class="expert-carousel-nav-button -arrow -prev"><span class="sr-text">Previous</span></button><button class="expert-carousel-nav-button -arrow -next"><span class="sr-text">Next</span></button></div><div class="expert-carousel-large-items"><div class="expert-carousel-large-item"><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-top"><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-info"><h4 class="expert-carousel-large-item-name h1">Rebecca Pincus</h4><p class="expert-carousel-large-item-position">Director, Polar Institute</p></div><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-image"><picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_244x244/public/media/uploads/images/IMG_8545.webp" type="image/webp"/><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_244x244/public/media/uploads/images/IMG_8545.jpg" width="244" height="244" alt="Rebecca Pincus picture" loading="lazy"></picture></div></div><a class="expert-carousel-large-item-link -serif -dark" href="/person/dr-rebecca-pincus">Read more from Rebecca</a></div><div class="expert-carousel-large-item"><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-top"><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-info"><h4 class="expert-carousel-large-item-name h1">Dr. Michael Sfraga</h4><p class="expert-carousel-large-item-position">Former Chair & Distinguished Fellow, Polar Institute</p></div><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-image"><picture title="Michael Sfraga"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_244x244/public/media/images/person/mike-sfraga-resized.webp" type="image/webp"/><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_244x244/public/media/images/person/mike-sfraga-resized.jpg" width="244" height="244" alt="Michael Sfraga" loading="lazy"></picture></div></div><blockquote class="expert-carousel-large-item-quote"><p>Once considered remote and isolated, the Arctic region is now part of the global political, social, economic, security, and geopolitical landscape—this reality requires research and policy analysis now more than ever.</p></blockquote><a class="expert-carousel-large-item-link -serif -dark" href="/person/michael-sfraga">Read more from Michael</a></div><div class="expert-carousel-large-item"><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-top"><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-info"><h4 class="expert-carousel-large-item-name h1">Ambassador David Balton</h4><p class="expert-carousel-large-item-position">Executive Director, Arctic Executive Steering Committee, Office of Science & Technology Policy, White House; former Senior Fellow, Polar Institute, Wilson Center</p></div><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-image"><picture title="Ambassador David Balton"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_244x244/public/media/images/person/david_balton.webp" type="image/webp"/><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_244x244/public/media/images/person/david_balton.jpg" width="244" height="244" alt="Ambassador David Balton" loading="lazy"></picture></div></div><blockquote class="expert-carousel-large-item-quote"><p>As the Arctic opens, the nations and peoples of the region are struggling to keep pace with the dizzying rate of change. At the international level, we are seeking ways to strengthen Arctic governance, particularly of increasing human activities in the Arctic Ocean.</p></blockquote><a class="expert-carousel-large-item-link -serif -dark" href="/person/ambassador-david-balton">Read more from David</a></div><div class="expert-carousel-large-item"><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-top"><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-info"><h4 class="expert-carousel-large-item-name h1">Evan T. Bloom</h4><p class="expert-carousel-large-item-position">Global Fellow, Polar Institute</p></div><div class="expert-carousel-large-item-image"><picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_244x244/public/media/uploads/images/Evan%20Bloom_0.webp" type="image/webp"/><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_244x244/public/media/uploads/images/Evan%20Bloom_0.jpg" width="244" height="244" alt="Evan T. Bloom" loading="lazy"></picture></div></div><a class="expert-carousel-large-item-link -serif -dark" href="/person/evan-bloom">Read more from Evan</a></div></div></div><div class="expert-carousel-right"><div class="expert-carousel-teasers"><div class="expert-carousel-teaser"><a class="expert-carousel-teaser-inner" href=/person/dr-rebecca-pincus data-slide="0"><div class="expert-carousel-teaser-image"><picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_68x68/public/media/uploads/images/IMG_8545.webp" type="image/webp"/><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_68x68/public/media/uploads/images/IMG_8545.jpg" width="68" height="68" alt="Rebecca Pincus picture" loading="lazy"></picture></div><div class="expert-carousel-teaser-content"><h5 class="expert-carousel-teaser-name h5 -serif">Rebecca Pincus</h5><p class="expert-carousel-teaser-position">Director, Polar Institute</p></div></a></div><div class="expert-carousel-teaser"><a class="expert-carousel-teaser-inner" href=/person/michael-sfraga data-slide="1"><div class="expert-carousel-teaser-image"><picture title="Michael Sfraga"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_68x68/public/media/images/person/mike-sfraga-resized.webp" type="image/webp"/><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_68x68/public/media/images/person/mike-sfraga-resized.jpg" width="68" height="68" alt="Michael Sfraga" loading="lazy"></picture></div><div class="expert-carousel-teaser-content"><h5 class="expert-carousel-teaser-name h5 -serif">Dr. Michael Sfraga</h5><p class="expert-carousel-teaser-position">Former Chair & Distinguished Fellow, Polar Institute</p></div></a></div><div class="expert-carousel-teaser"><a class="expert-carousel-teaser-inner" href=/person/ambassador-david-balton data-slide="2"><div class="expert-carousel-teaser-image"><picture title="Ambassador David Balton"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_68x68/public/media/images/person/david_balton.webp" type="image/webp"/><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_68x68/public/media/images/person/david_balton.jpg" width="68" height="68" alt="Ambassador David Balton" loading="lazy"></picture></div><div class="expert-carousel-teaser-content"><h5 class="expert-carousel-teaser-name h5 -serif">Ambassador David Balton</h5><p class="expert-carousel-teaser-position">Executive Director, Arctic Executive Steering Committee, Office of Science & Technology Policy, White House; former Senior Fellow, Polar Institute, Wilson Center</p></div></a></div><div class="expert-carousel-teaser"><a class="expert-carousel-teaser-inner" href=/person/evan-bloom data-slide="3"><div class="expert-carousel-teaser-image"><picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_68x68/public/media/uploads/images/Evan%20Bloom_0.webp" type="image/webp"/><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_68x68/public/media/uploads/images/Evan%20Bloom_0.jpg" width="68" height="68" alt="Evan T. Bloom" loading="lazy"></picture></div><div class="expert-carousel-teaser-content"><h5 class="expert-carousel-teaser-name h5 -serif">Evan T. Bloom</h5><p class="expert-carousel-teaser-position">Global Fellow, Polar Institute</p></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="js-sticky-insight-flyout-stopper"></div></main><footer class="site-footer"><div class="site-footer-top"><div class="site-footer-top-inner"><div class="site-footer-column"><a class="site-footer-logo" href="/"><img src="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/images/footer-logo.svg" alt="Wilson Center" width="100%" height="auto"></a><p class="site-footer-location -serif">One Woodrow Wilson Plaza<br>1300 Pennsylvania Ave. NW<br>Washington, DC 20004-3027</p><a class="site-footer-visit" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/The+Wilson+Center/@38.8934628,-77.0325588,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7b79762f518d1:0x3e73088a9489b574!8m2!3d38.8934586!4d-77.0303701" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visit the Wilson Center</a><div class="site-footer-phone"><div class="site-footer-phone-label">Phone:</div><a class="site-footer-phone-link" href="tel:202-691-4000">(202) 691-4000</a></div><a class="site-footer-contact" href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a></div><div class="site-footer-column"><nav class="site-footer-nav" aria-label="Footer Navigation"><ul class="site-footer-nav-items"><li class="site-footer-nav-item h5"><a href="/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/119">About the Wilson Center</a></li><li class="site-footer-nav-item h5"><a href="/programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">Programs</a></li><li class="site-footer-nav-item h5"><a href="/careers-fellowships-internships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">Careers, Fellowships & Internships</a></li><li class="site-footer-nav-item h5"><a href="/press-room" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/95625">For Media</a></li><li class="site-footer-nav-quarterly"><a class="site-footer-nav-quarterly-link" href="https://www.wilsonquarterly.com"><img class="site-footer-nav-quarterly-link-image" src="/themes/custom/wilson/assets/images/wilson-quarterly.svg" alt="Wilson Quarterly" width="100%" height="auto"><div class="site-footer-nav-quarterly-link-text">The Wilson Quarterly</div><span class="icon-link-sm"></span></a></li><li class="site-footer-nav-digital-archive"><a class="site-footer-nav-digital-archive-link" href="https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org"><div class="site-footer-nav-digital-archive-link-text">Digital Archive</div><span class="icon-link-sm"></span></a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="site-footer-column"><nav class="site-footer-social" aria-label="Social Media Links"><div class="site-footer-social-title">Follow the Wilson Center</div><ul class="site-footer-social-items"><li class="site-footer-social-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/thewilsoncenter" class="icon-twitter"><span class="sr-text">Twitter</span></a></li><li class="site-footer-social-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/woodrowwilsoncenter" class="icon-facebook"><span class="sr-text">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="site-footer-social-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/woodrowwilsoncenter" class="icon-youtube"><span class="sr-text">YouTube</span></a></li><li class="site-footer-social-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/woodrow-wilson-international-center-for-scholars" class="icon-linkedin"><span class="sr-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="site-footer-social-item"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/thewilsoncenter" class="icon-instagram"><span class="sr-text">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="site-footer-social-item"><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/thewilsoncenter" class="icon-flickr"><span class="sr-text">Flickr</span></a></li></ul></nav><div class="site-footer-signup"><div class="site-footer-signup-title">Sign up for email updates</div><form class="site-footer-signup-form" action="https://engage.wilsoncenter.org/onlineactions/WpUYj9S_MkydZEXxsyWeYw2"><div class="site-footer-signup-form-field"><label class="sr-text" for="email-address">Email Address</label><input type="email" name="em" id="email-address" placeholder="Your email address..." required></div><button type="submit" name="submit">Submit</button></form></div></div></div></div><div class="site-footer-bottom"><div class="site-footer-bottom-inner"><div class="site-footer-copyright">© 2024 The Wilson Center. All Rights Reserved</div><nav class="site-footer-legal-nav" aria-label="Legal Navigation"><ul class="site-footer-legal-nav-items"><li class="site-footer-legal-nav-item"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/2023-donors">2023 Donors</a></li><li class="site-footer-legal-nav-item"><a href="/990-formsbudgets">990 Forms</a></li><li class="site-footer-legal-nav-item"><a href="/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></footer><div class="video-modal"><div class="video-modal-inner"><div class="video-modal-embed-container"></div><button class="video-modal-close js-video-modal-close"><span class="sr-text">Close</span></button></div></div><div class="polls-modal"><div class="polls-modal-inner"><div class="polls-modal-content"></div><button class="polls-modal-close js-polls-modal-close"><span class="sr-text">Close</span></button></div></div><div class="selection-sharer"><div class="selection-sharer-inner"><label>Share</label><ul><li><a class="selection-sharer-action -tweet icon-twitter" href="#" title="Share this selection on Twitter" target="_blank"></a></li><li><a class="selection-sharer-action -email icon-email" href="#" title="Share this selection by email"></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="blocker js-blocker"></div><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_F6bcTijdU_Ii3u_Vl0g7kXXsfmFpWA7uAQTS1sHpG24.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=wilson&include=eJwrz8wpzs_TLwdTOqml8cn5-dmZqUAqtyAnMzEvOVUfmyAAbAQWHQ"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/eu_cookie_compliance/js/eu_cookie_compliance.min.js?v=10.3.6" defer></script> </body></html>