CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134a794b9face6e',cH: 'IiJYtqz3m.5Xv4P0RPk_9.l06lUL1C6pPuinvz8mMSI-1739783534-1.2.1.1-.dtaxlrGt.jN3EVZpNbVwER3cy2577qDPc2fKDeU77TL0XUSfucXy4UZH79CdAB.',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Sami%20Gazzah&__cf_chl_tk=z7fp4FH4O6bS6np8rvyu_b5WEbfSYMgNiGa9PysSHhU-1739783534-1.0.1.1-uo5Ph1WSiqhRqzviGCeI1P5q8EXN0aMMubyxOoTp6CU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783534',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Sami%20Gazzah&__cf_chl_f_tk=z7fp4FH4O6bS6np8rvyu_b5WEbfSYMgNiGa9PysSHhU-1739783534-1.0.1.1-uo5Ph1WSiqhRqzviGCeI1P5q8EXN0aMMubyxOoTp6CU",md: "h.7GT3auEizqAS_shKnZghXBBH5Kfx2s8ctJw4XHU2o-1739783534-1.2.1.1-AqVYFrngswX1VXy49mTHdvqOxbByJvVRmWR5t31Rq8OBfW94p7DRyVPlT2ahFOWjzwJnpfhTHrxV4BjH9XROEipSUeI6Hx1gRMVq_q_mKpL4U.4TEi9J6NwZlO4cIZ8R4ONGuc.SZQIAO1v6qq4LOWcCowOiVBdsgASAZxHkGVa7Bg4u5uPgZdS.y8Xe76ZX3ILQv8.g9Dnlek6gn5A.CZnS.6a5cpLAeJqYHvFBhZYWkmol15miZyBRMXj6uSCkIUai.4OJOCjF_JnfxaVMy24dxO4Te0AIECP17FWEVickubHEl760f8vBiuv_dmhRNGAqD5vcwuoDQm8_5T.qKoWHdLHPNCK.R1gcpFW.zTSwib6Hip5WBUoJLXY8r8ffur781SllC2gCP5DCERAiiVkeSw8qJKHmI8TdyLdFV9rPIJJ7AdIIrj6d.a3P5EgvhffhXnzkIflQ5SArCHIhHu9tJNEcEbcfk1S1gzYwD8.xmI1_HzU5Ms5AlRJpUa6jYA3SFG_JrW2OyotKRrxKuPhgL4KF2TXQwKsIGBD9DXNyj3guy0vOxvKtYBnHqqma_Lr76cPbo55g0EcDB0W6w82hByxVM.aMZP_vOqLlDLdZwYG0ttYB5hi4P4mXNyfOGt.wrXGdYS1bvkHhzgkTrnC5yMC9UvqnZx3XDp2D5GIBRbtfQzsbUucLJIyubItIL3z9n8qpv_o9uCeFu39SpVxKGzTvruIo2LLuqDShXbmOc6MWYGkSmQfyhM4DbZh7IVkdTuoKKQdHhvtGZZB9H7hYX.UFuGzBggknwPIA6hy2k4bLggotVKXAAdyXYviILYHy6eCcORtp20eYpRDLUExfakdtu2nj0Tn8bVRdqJyoDxikIqUKB2iwcr4ptVHwgEPv9CF6UrMdAF_MCGgG8Y882nPm5w957y5t0asg1oZknvwrzWeUWV9bgvzefvpMtkb9FSQKrVHCtfGpsc4MrEfDOHpg1lUNtD34Vb.LyOcsr9CUjGC2TR7859W2sS9Y8jXaoaZIJAAyE2qP8Yc582RNWNxpOdAW0Zxy32SgPhs3_Gca8R05f9RXGbqvR1VV9e5QQY.BNqOfG_F3fufNZeHOK5.q2WGj7bsPz0ZGxWv5kAETU.WP72Cy4jHqdsx62bIUtTbE_UX.ShYemrJAnxfz9_r_vCY8ozV.UCTg6ThRvjb8B_byVXYqLifEWH7pzDxUXdOjAw14yytX_A5dxKBLkHRuLiBuc1lL3BgQ_p8rzFlp_.DD1p2KNlYAJL8.mueFbYux_HCfWm2p0J5Mrg2S0SKVbGf6a8CK7ZEqJ_AFXV.tMDPCh3h2Pt83QYQ0ssTAiciv6Gso8sPqF4cMRIEpEI17tiU21cS_sZp.BZqoFB9txNPofRLxGSauWS4VCcKEEdZUfzlNcvEEg7NqyOjEF37f8tIzgJJ8SovVBeyWFR5eL3s2zKYL4e06u9THfYGI5p3uq95FHB.3IgA0MZEGnWLgJyeIC8YRneyk6aCn3vrIu32imshVCpnNiNyRwnOXRslEuFOxgCHnoZ5MVOEAOcSz37avv1WJgytKatgsUHwC.oiL_J0HpFxM.dYakVwnP859ZG2AU5..ha15QV2JHvXb2GHs9KJTsSKjH.ut6MQqOdZr_xYsWxOgpTei2bMOkdAbDqt6vPeYyjR67JzQV27EUxine1cNPsgqTvukSbOSNu8hYlJelGGkXggguX5dJcaLSfvxQpl1t9LxC3fwNLEugl2fFeua6QUE6ZgVlRFGmPx0kDGerj3OOahuRqUEttvLBXoLEro7Pqpg.2d3p35vI62B3ZhHHS1XQf4kPth65rYnjEJG0AOJ2keY9byhCWzLzlX16nj7gk3JOnawd6A1aiSWhzVp3X2uzMXXUxFw64l0jEKvB6LRdYm5",mdrd: "P_3LLShwrE6JDzlodSmjug7DiOU8SD9ZhKx1rvKm3Zo-1739783534-1.2.1.1-KFo77TMO8gSI9SkVtolBcg53RKKqUqdNn0tXgv_FUL_eWpp23D1cblKKeLN2.bV7JjbIAeqDy7bX2_8IG3X7zPpCuJrxJeziel5RvEYtiYGTCIr0L.Bexae0iekqAgDJPlpO1ojy.ZVgbfwEGWNLkeLHPkl2Qjm5WEBxajU6Hra3jOglXSB0Scqp_WvvcAGe36jyzHp4NX9AJxNttCVJOt9qMVmp.Q4XTcmXFZ7DMsDkbMTcxw0TsjL.l2ON3mOWpxdIodG4OCPRt2DKcRPe0OgJ9sy9DUjrUCMBOq64pvF.amNjaQoQncSnc5lZ4FgTOy5I9Q2nqwEQKxXQG5BebU79sy9nCIMwGE53ykftbMcaQUAfayKrbNwYFfshz5tblF8bUYQr1UoP6pmzdLFulSkkaxda89mXOug6mts1Q8y3o87hBRwtHDMh51.hOJWN8jAMHKt.8w11x5yL4tp5QqTfua5PawTqp_8kIv3a7brUkNDZpugoc.oOD6mcu5yaOnX.DTXd5LZtqoRGlVdpH8QMyVGYBA8NyVHZG3XAfxPuZP1gDOUkypvtuCpMTlIK8Vc9bTKswzogwK0TsksVHJDFnOru31w7cP3e_R7XyHTHr1BXtWZQZcwbzY.xmNr1zTBBG1W.h.nTAgP9XRljOJHa5Az11XziCoJEN8FLjQDQvP21bvRV00nYtK2sJAImYqxTf9SrzxaHVV7rhbW8xaHwIGJ1RIL.OoZrbhouSMXAGgQkCFcqU_mILpTyzgCsz_fBb4fUvvfKP8dtR4fj1cETbgrGUsofsSMDAtSsh3Y1xjEnq7z6COli.OL6J96jeyd3AfLoPvkxOe0RVESqy_I7b.KrXXtwrBdJ7l2HojLZ_IEuhdhI3jEw3vUoIh9L_BsC6dq68n8rNdsHdI7spF8oIHOHM3K7E_ZqhXW1ahAumeazJt3da.6a62d_O3oXqCn.Xd1Uz.5l0Nt1lLHrAijin2_jZCzTezwacq2iyUQ7VMT186dXQ86AfIWVhvMuEdDyVBwRwZLdcxeSgGeKbWDvNAAQnV4fCN5CiPKTmCKY6lh13Mol0BmycpxKvh629Ylb2x9sGZQKdUWL65Fwg1Bs_qalLdaEAedJrPTaJC3vc_77YOlWFTieMb2gBiLAbHnyl8sh_R91eybepcixPRFOTM_zhgr2g5kiEDG27RpG_aQcEkfPyXjoRFgJOv9VRJUz1vTsk3RXZdKMwQe28GAQTC8ApW81NLwRXI_PjMTWMSNCwAzQEt0MON70mnPbsoe2QqSpgTofeVuwSXtXO.70frAME.i3X5vY0fJNLdrP6_7euRw4vGsm.13WrhRrXhXGYz59ZhVgWGjIguW1qx0ghPgahf2qaWGNatyDC_BmfbBaZyo6u.k.al9lnkk6DrT5OOiFEkhiHDzAxM6IZ76Ql5y4wk_BeZYKkAuQtwWALdYd0QiRT27Fg.gG0O50lrcLDphlpp3NfAb7hZmHlWXGcX.ZrVpWFV5qOxw3LcNG8yEGn0LGpHKp5KlSd5y4Zw3sHtEZty2QBeQtq._W1WYNIp0QQHmKxXHY4CrO3wSUGTCIRcDWKOSr1c3OWo1ToxKrTVjqsebvpTsmR66peDPq5MVBgdaFqyMef960tdbEM2gX3VJelUj6wuShdn.jaoMFFGSIsR9chH5d2MdwCbp9O7yu65v2adblGvA4dgb8ZP8UECzbtPIYyJxb9I35MOvI7ULBq7UI3glUBxOGweByFgDKFYoQ6ZHh4hGVwT5zYoHsLCqm9XpIvQLQWXIBRC2qrILIxm6e0yEj5bR26_lzXaeomSkC11SN.ENgTlBaPQaoszVzAxX1jHW0ni7Qmrhco8SX2XjnVVQuInpb_8Xh0qMT5ULzj4H3nQneB7QMsF5yZh3NBhBDTtrUdeRukHZ3rZ6U6DbKs4y7ki0oQSRjqyUXVLFW_bsJG3iEhmTem._q9zKCkxTrMJuYMTaaKXYxYgTBeU8x.uOKFB4yHQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134a794b9face6e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Sami%20Gazzah&__cf_chl_rt_tk=z7fp4FH4O6bS6np8rvyu_b5WEbfSYMgNiGa9PysSHhU-1739783534-1.0.1.1-uo5Ph1WSiqhRqzviGCeI1P5q8EXN0aMMubyxOoTp6CU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>